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Lv Y, Shao G, Jiao G, Sheng Z, Xie L, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. Targeted mutagenesis of POLYAMINE OXIDASE 5 that negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation enables the generation of direct-seeding rice with improved grain yield. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:344-351. [PMID: 33220510 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity, direct seeding, rather than transplantation, is the preferred mode of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence. Mesocotyl elongation (ME), the main driver of rapid emergence of rice seedlings from soil, is enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light. Plant polyamine oxidases (PAOs) oxidize polyamines (PAs) and release H2O2. Here, we established that OsPAO5 expression in rice seedlings is increased in the presence of light and inhibited by darkness. To determine its role in ME, we created OsPAO5 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. Compared with the wild type, pao5 mutants had longer mesocotyls, released less H2O2, and synthesized more ethylene. The mutant seedlings emerged at a higher and more uniform rate, indicating their potential for use in direct seeding. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that an SNP (PAO5-578G/A) located 578 bp upstream of the OsPAO5 start codon alters its expression, and was selected during rice mesocotyl domestication. The PAO5-578G genotype conferring a long mesocotyl mainly exists in wild rice, most Aus accessions, and some Geng (Japonica) accessions. Intriguingly, knocking out OsPAO5 can remarkably increase the grain weight, grain number, and yield potential. In summary, we developed a novel strategy to obtain elite rice with higher emergence vigor and yield potential, which can be conveniently and widely used to breed varieties of direct-seeding rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Su L, Yang J, Li D, Peng Z, Xia A, Yang M, Luo L, Huang C, Wang J, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Dynamic genome-wide association analysis and identification of candidate genes involved in anaerobic germination tolerance in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33409869 PMCID: PMC7788155 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Asian rice production, an increasing number of countries now choose the direct seeding mode because of rising costs, labour shortages and water shortages. The ability of rice seeds to undergo anaerobic germination (AG) plays an important role in the success of direct seeding. RESULTS In this study, we used 2,123,725 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on resequencing to conduct a dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coleoptile length (CL) and coleoptile diameter (CD) in 209 natural rice populations. A total of 26 SNP loci were detected in these two phenotypes, of which 5 overlapped with previously reported loci (S1_ 39674301, S6_ 20797781, S7_ 18722403, S8_ 9946213, S11_ 19165397), and two sites were detected repeatedly at different time points (S3_ 24689629 and S5_ 27918754). We suggest that these 7 loci (-log10 (P) value > 7.3271) are the key sites that affect AG tolerance. To screen the candidate genes more effectively, we sequenced the transcriptome of the flooding-tolerant variety R151 in six key stages, including anaerobic (AN) and the oxygen conversion point (AN-A), and obtained high-quality differential expression profiles. Four reliable candidate genes were identified: Os01g0911700 (OsVP1), Os05g0560900 (OsGA2ox8), Os05g0562200 (OsDi19-1) and Os06g0548200. Then qRT-PCR and LC-MS/ MS targeting metabolite detection technology were used to further verify that the up-regulated expression of these four candidate genes was closely related to AG. CONCLUSION The four novel candidate genes were associated with gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulation and cell wall metabolism under oxygen-deficiency conditions and promoted coleoptile elongation while avoiding adverse effects, allowing the coleoptile to obtain oxygen, escape the low-oxygen environment and germinate rapidly. The results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic basis of AG in rice seeds, which is conducive to the selection of flooding-tolerant varieties suitable for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ziai Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Aoyun Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Meng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lixin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Cuihong Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Zhao J, He Y, Huang S, Wang Z. Advances in the Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and Genes Involved in Seed Vigor in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659307. [PMID: 34335643 PMCID: PMC8316977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a complex trait, including the seed germination, seedling emergence, and growth, as well as seed storability and stress tolerance, which is important for direct seeding in rice. Seed vigor is established during seed development, and its level is decreased during seed storage. Seed vigor is influenced by genetic and environmental factors during seed development, storage, and germination stages. A lot of factors, such as nutrient reserves, seed dying, seed dormancy, seed deterioration, stress conditions, and seed treatments, will influence seed vigor during seed development to germination stages. This review highlights the current advances on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and regulatory genes involved in seed vigor at seed development, storage, and germination stages in rice. These identified QTLs and regulatory genes will contribute to the improvement of seed vigor by breeding, biotechnological, and treatment approaches.
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Bharamappanavara M, Siddaiah AM, Ponnuvel S, Ramappa L, Patil B, Appaiah M, Maganti SM, Sundaram RM, Shankarappa SK, Tuti MD, Banugu S, Parmar B, Rathod S, Barbadikar KM, Kota S, Subbarao LV, Mondal TK, Channappa G. Mapping QTL hotspots associated with weed competitive traits in backcross population derived from Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22103. [PMID: 33328509 PMCID: PMC7744529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve grain yield under direct seeded and aerobic conditions, weed competitive ability of a rice genotype is a key desirable trait. Hence, understanding and dissecting weed competitive associated traits at both morphological and molecular level is important in developing weed competitive varieties. In the present investigation, the QTLs associated with weed competitive traits were identified in BC1F2:3 population derived from weed competitive accession of O. glaberrima (IRGC105187) and O. sativa cultivar IR64. The mapping population consisting of 144 segregating lines were phenotyped for 33 weed competitive associated traits under direct seeded condition. Genetic analysis of weed competitive traits carried out in BC1F2:3 population showed significant variation for the weed competitive traits and predominance of additive gene action. The population was genotyped with 81 genome wide SSR markers and a linkage map covering 1423 cM was constructed. Composite interval mapping analysis identified 72 QTLs linked to 33 weed competitive traits which were spread on the 11 chromosomes. Among 72 QTLs, 59 were found to be major QTLs (> 10% PVE). Of the 59 major QTLs, 38 had favourable allele contributed from the O. glaberrima parent. We also observed nine QTL hotspots for weed competitive traits (qWCA2a, qWCA2b, qWCA2c, qWCA3, qWCA5, qWCA7, qWCA8, qWCA9, and qWCA10) wherein several QTLs co-localised. Our study demonstrates O. glaberrima species as potential source for improvement for weed competitive traits in rice and identified QTLs hotspots associated with weed competitive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lokesha Ramappa
- University of Agricultural Science, Raichur, Karnataka, 584104, India
| | - Basavaraj Patil
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Manoj Appaiah
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | | | | | - Mangal Deep Tuti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Sreedevi Banugu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Brajendra Parmar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Santosha Rathod
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - Suneetha Kota
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
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55
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Yang J, Yang M, Su L, Zhou D, Huang C, Wang H, Guo T, Chen Z. Genome-wide association study reveals novel genetic loci contributing to cold tolerance at the germination stage in indica rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110669. [PMID: 33218635 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature at the germination stage is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, especially in regions where rice seeds are sown directly. However, few relevant genetic loci and genes have been identified. In this study, we report the phenotypic analysis of low temperature germination (LTG) in 200 indica rice varieties and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of LTG in this collection using 161,657 high-quality SNPs, which were identified via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of all the rice varieties. A total of 159 genetic loci were detected, and they were evenly distributed on all 12 chromosomes. Among them, 51 loci were detected more than twice; in particular, 23 loci were detected repeatedly in both the wet and dry seasons, and 569 genes were predicted in the 200-kb genomic region harbouring these 23 loci. Furthermore, 14,742 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA sequencing. By integrating GWAS and RNA sequencing, 179 candidate DEGs were obtained. Sequence variation in the region of loci 95 was analyzed using 20 varieties with extreme phenotype. The polymorphisms of three DEGs (Os07g0585500, Os07g0585700, Os07g0585900) were associated with their phenotypes. Haplotype analysis of the three genes demonstrated that almost all the varieties with the same haplotype as japonica Nipponbare on the three DEGs showed high LTG ability. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the genetic control of LTG and performing molecular breeding with marker-assisted selection in indica rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ling Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Danhua Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Cuihong Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Yang T, Zhou L, Zhao J, Dong J, Liu Q, Fu H, Mao X, Yang W, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang J, Bai S, Zhang S, Liu B. The Candidate Genes Underlying a Stably Expressed QTL for Low Temperature Germinability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:74. [PMID: 33074410 PMCID: PMC7573065 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct seeding is an efficient cultivation technique in rice. However, poor low temperature germinability (LTG) of modern rice cultivars limits its application. Identifying the genes associated with LTG and performing molecular breeding is the fundamental way to address this issue. However, few LTG QTLs have been fine mapped and cloned so far. RESULTS In the present study, the LTG evaluation of 375 rice accessions selected from the Rice Diversity Panel 2 showed that there were large LTG variations within the population, and the LTG of Indica group was significantly higher than that of Japonica and Aus groups (p < 0.01). In total, eleven QTLs for LTG were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Among them, qLTG_sRDP2-3/qLTG_JAP-3, qLTG_AUS-3 and qLTG_sRDP2-12 are first reported in the present study. The QTL on chromosome 10, qLTG_sRDP2-10a had the largest contribution to LTG variations in 375 rice accessions, and was further validated using single segment substitution line (SSSL). The presence of qLTG_sRDP2-10a could result in 59.8% increase in LTG under 15 °C low temperature. The expression analysis of the genes within qLTG_sRDP2-10a region indicated that LOC_Os10g22520 and LOC_Os10g22484 exhibited differential expression between the high and low LTG lines. Further sequence comparisons revealed that there were insertion and deletion sequence differences in the promoter and intron region of LOC_Os10g22520, and an about 6 kb variation at the 3' end of LOC_Os10g22484 between the high and low LTG lines, suggesting that the sequence variations of the two genes could be the cause for their differential expression in high and low LTG lines. CONCLUSION Among the 11 QTLs identified in this study, qLTG_sRDP2-10a could also be detected in other three studies using different germplasm under different cold environments. Its large effect and stable expression make qLTG_sRDP2-10a particularly valuable in rice breeding. The two genes, LOC_Os10g22484 and LOC_Os10g22520, were considered as the candidate genes underlying qLTG_sRDP2-10a. Our results suggest that integrating GWAS and SSSL can facilitate identification of QTL for complex traits in rice. The identification of qLTG_sRDP2-10a and its candidate genes provide a promising source for gene cloning of LTG and molecular breeding for LTG in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifeng Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wu Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Yamei Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Luo Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Song Bai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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The Molecular Regulatory Pathways and Metabolic Adaptation in the Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Rice in Response to Low O 2 Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101363. [PMID: 33066550 PMCID: PMC7602250 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, flooding/submergence is one of the major abiotic stresses for higher plants, with deleterious effects on their growth and survival. Therefore, flooding/submergence is a large challenge for agriculture in lowland areas worldwide. Long-term flooding/submergence can cause severe hypoxia stress to crop plants and can result in substantial yield loss. Rice has evolved distinct adaptive strategies in response to low oxygen (O2) stress caused by flooding/submergence circumstances. Recently, direct seeding practice has been increasing in popularity due to its advantages of reducing cultivation cost and labor. However, establishment and growth of the seedlings from seed germination under the submergence condition are large obstacles for rice in direct seeding practice. The physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying tolerant and sensitive phenotypes in rice have been extensively investigated. Here, this review focuses on the progress of recent advances in the studies of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic adaptions underlying anaerobic germination (AG) and coleoptile elongation. Further, we highlight the prospect of introducing quantitative trait loci (QTL) for AG into rice mega varieties to ensure the compatibility of flooding/submergence tolerance traits and yield stability, thereby advancing the direct seeding practice and facilitating future breeding improvement.
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Sahoo S, Sanghamitra P, Nanda N, Pawar S, Pandit E, Bastia R, Muduli KC, Pradhan SK. Association of molecular markers with physio-biochemical traits related to seed vigour in rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1989-2003. [PMID: 33088044 PMCID: PMC7548267 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen physio-biochemical traits influencing seed vigour were studied for their association with molecular markers using a mini core set constituted from 120 germplasm lines. High genetic variation was detected in the parameters namely chlrophyll a, Chlrophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total anthocyanin content, gamma-oryzanols, total phenolics content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaicol peroxidase, total soluble sugar, total protein, seed vigour index -I and seed vigour index -II. Strong positive correlation of seed vigour index II was observed with amylose content, total anthocyanin content, catalase, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content while a negative association was observed for gamma-oryzanol content. High gene diversity (0.7169) and informative markers value (0.6789) were estimated from the investigation. Three genetic structure groups were observed in the panel population and genotypes were grouped in the subpopulations based on the seed vigour trait. Differences in the fixation indices of the three sub populations indicated existence of linkage disequilibrium in the studied panel population. Association of the traits namely total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, starch, amylose, total anthocyanin, gamma-oryzanol, total phenolics with the molecular markers were detected by Generalized Linear Model and Mixed Linear Model showing > 0.10 R2 value. Association of the trait, total flavonoids with marker RM7364 located on chromosome 8 reported in earlier study was validated in this investigation. The validated markers and the novel markers detected showing higher R2 value will be useful for improvement of seed vigour in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastideepa Sahoo
- Department of Seed Technology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | | | - Nibedita Nanda
- Department of Seed Technology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Swapnil Pawar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | | | - Ramakrushna Bastia
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Kumuda Chandra Muduli
- Department of Seed Technology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
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Dimaano NGB, Ali J, Mahender A, Sta. Cruz PC, Baltazar AM, Diaz MGQ, Pang YL, Acero BL, Li Z. Identification of quantitative trait loci governing early germination and seedling vigor traits related to weed competitive ability in rice. EUPHYTICA: NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT BREEDING 2020; 216:159. [PMID: 33029032 PMCID: PMC7510932 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-020-02694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Weed competitive ability (WCA) is vital for the improvement of grain yield under direct-seeded and aerobic rice ecosystems where weeds are a major limiting factor. Early seed germination (ESG) and early seedling vigor (ESV) are the crucial traits for WCA. This study attempted to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hotspot regions governing ESG and ESV traits. A total of 167 BC1F5 selective introgression lines developed from an early backcross population involving Weed Tolerant Rice 1 (WTR-1) as the recipient parent and Y-134 as the donor parent were phenotyped for ESG and ESV traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in ESG-related traits except for root length and in ESV-related traits except for plant height at 7 days after sowing. A total of 677-high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to analyze the marker-trait association from a 6 K SNP genotyping array. Forty-three QTLs were identified on all chromosomes, except on chromosomes 4 and 8. Thirty QTLs were contributed by a desirable allele from Y-134, whereas 13 QTLs were from WTR-1. Twenty-eight of the identified genetic loci associated with ESG and ESV traits were novel. Two QTL hotspot regions were mapped on chromosomes 11 and 12. The genomic regions of QTL hotspots were fine-tuned and a total of 13 putative candidate genes were discovered on chromosomes 11 and 12 collectively. The mapped QTLs will be useful in advancing the marker aided-selection schemes and breeding programs for the development of rice cultivars with WCA traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 4031 Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
| | - Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 4031 Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
| | - Pompe C. Sta. Cruz
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
| | - Aurora M. Baltazar
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
| | | | - Yun Long Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bart L. Acero
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 4031 Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
| | - Zhikang Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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60
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Shi Z, Chang TG, Chen F, Zhao H, Song Q, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Wang C, Zhou SC, Wang B, Chen G, Zhu XG. Morphological and physiological factors contributing to early vigor in the elite rice cultivar 9,311. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14813. [PMID: 32908221 PMCID: PMC7481250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and 9,311 are two elite rice cultivars in China. They have achieved high yield through quite different mechanisms. One of the major features that gives high yield capacity to 9,311 is its strong early vigor, i.e., faster establishment of its seedling as well as its better growth in its early stages. To understand the mechanistic basis of early vigor in 9,311, as compared to HHZ the cultivar, we have examined, under controlled environmental conditions, different morphological and physiological traits that may contribute to its early vigor. Our results show that the fresh weight of the seeds, at germination, not only determined the seedling biomass at 10 days after germination (DAG), but was also responsible for ~ 80% of variations in plant biomass between the two cultivars even up to 30 DAG. Furthermore, the 9,311 cultivar had a larger root system, which led to its higher nitrogen uptake capacity. Other noteworthy observations about 9,311 being a better cultivar than HHZ are: (i) Ten out of 15 genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were much more highly expressed in its roots; (ii) it had a higher water uptake rate, promoting better root-to-shoot nitrogen transfer; and (iii) consistent with the above, it had higher leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. All of the above identified features explain, to a large extent, why the 9,311, as compared to HHZ, exhibits much more vigorous early growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian-Gen Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Faming Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Plank Gesellschaft Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Honglong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chongrong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Chuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Building No. 1, Room 402, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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He Y, Zhao J, Yang B, Sun S, Peng L, Wang Z. Indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates seed vigour through mediating crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1933-1945. [PMID: 32012429 PMCID: PMC7415787 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigour is an important trait for direct seeding in rice. In this study, indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU was cloned in rice, and its roles on seed vigour were mainly investigated. Disruption of OsIAGLU resulted in low seed vigour in rice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of OsIAGLU were relatively higher in the late developing and the early germinating seeds and were significantly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the IAA- and ABA-related genes were involved in the OsIAGLU regulation of seed vigour in rice. The higher levels of free IAA and ABA were identified in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. When treated with exogenous IAA and ABA, the osiaglu mutants and WT plants showed sensitivity to ABA while not IAA, but the exogenous IAA amplified ABA-induced reduction of seed vigour in rice. The continuously higher expressions of ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (OsABI3) and OsABI5 occurred in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to WT plants. The regulation of seed vigour by OsIAGLU might be through modulating IAA and ABA levels to alert OsABIs expression in germinating seeds in rice. Based on analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism data of rice accessions, two haplotypes of OsIAGLU that positively correlated with seed vigour were identified in indica accessions. This study provides important insights into the roles of OsIAGLU on seed vigour and facilitates the practical use of OsIAGLU in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Zhao
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Agriculture and BiologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Shan Sun
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liling Peng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Yang J, Su L, Li D, Luo L, Sun K, Yang M, Gu F, Xia A, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Dynamic transcriptome and metabolome analyses of two types of rice during the seed germination and young seedling growth stages. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:603. [PMID: 32867689 PMCID: PMC7460786 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seed germination and young seedling growth are important agricultural traits for developing populations of both irrigated and directly seeded rice. Previous studies have focused on the identification of QTLs. However, there are few studies on the metabolome or transcriptome of germination and young seedling growth in rice. Results Here, an indica rice and a japonica rice were used as materials, and the transcripts and metabolites were detected during the germination and young seedling growth periods on a large scale by using RNA sequencing and a widely targeted metabolomics method, respectively. Fourteen shared transcripts and 15 shared metabolites that were continuously differentially expressed in the two materials were identified and may be essential for seed germination and young seedling growth. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in transcriptome expression profiles at different stages indicated that cell wall metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide degradation, amino acid, etc., were enriched at 0–2 days, and most of the results are consistent with those of previous reports. Specifically, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were continuously enriched during the seed germination and young seedling growth stages. Next, KO enrichment analysis was conducted by using the differentially expressed genes of the two materials at 2, 3 and 4 days. Fourteen pathways were enriched. Additionally, 44 differentially expressed metabolites at 2, 3 and 4 days were identified. These metabolites may be responsible for the differences in germination and young seedling growth between the two materials. Further attention was focused on the ascorbate–glutathione pathway, and it was found that differences in ROS-scavenging abilities mediated by some APX, GPX and GST genes may be directly involved in mediating differences in the germination and young seedling growth speed of the two materials. Conclusions In summary, these results may enhance the understanding of the overall mechanism of seed germination and young seedling growth, and the outcome of this study is expected to facilitate rice breeding for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ling Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lixin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kai Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fengwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Aoyun Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongzhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Xu X, Ye J, Yang Y, Zhang M, Xu Q, Feng Y, Yuan X, Yu H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wei X. Genome-Wide Association Study of Rice Rooting Ability at the Seedling Stage. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32833069 PMCID: PMC7445215 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice rooting ability is a complex agronomical trait that displays heterosis and plays an important role in rice growth and production. Only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified by bi-parental population. More genes or QTLs are required to dissect the genetic architecture of rice rooting ability. RESULTS To characterize the genetic basis for rice rooting ability, we used a natural rice population, genotyped by a 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, to identify the loci associated with rooting-related traits through the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Population structure analysis divided the natural population into two subgroups: indica and japonica. We measured four traits for evaluating rice rooting ability, namely root growth ability (RGA), maximum root length (MRL), root length (RL), and root number (RN). Using the association study in three panels consisting of one for the full population, one for indica, and one for japonica, 24 SNPs associated with rooting ability-related traits were identified. Through comparison of the relative expression levels and DNA sequences between germplasm with extreme phenotypes, results showed that LOC_Os05g11810 had non-synonymous variations at the coding region, which may cause differences in root number, and that the expression levels of LOC_Os04g09900 and LOC_Os04g10060 are closely associated with root length variation. CONCLUSIONS Through evaluation of the rice rooting ability-related traits and the association mapping, we provided useful information for understanding the genetic basis of rice rooting ability and also identified some candidate genes and molecular markers for rice root breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang J, Li D, Liu H, Liu Y, Huang M, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Identification of QTLs involved in cold tolerance during the germination and bud stages of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) via a high-density genetic map. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:292-302. [PMID: 32714051 PMCID: PMC7372033 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature tolerance during the germination and bud stages is an important characteristic of direct-seeded rice (DSR). Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from indica rice H335, which is highly tolerant to low temperature, and indica rice CHA-1, which is sensitive to low temperature, were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with low-temperature tolerance during the germination and bud stages. a total of 11 QTLs were detected based on a high-density genetic map; among these, six QTLs explained 5.13-9.42% of the total phenotypic variation explained (PVE) during the germination stage, and five QTLs explained 4.17-6.42% of the total PVE during the bud stage. All QTLs were distributed on chromosome 9, and all favourable alleles originated from H335. The physical position of each QTL was determined, and 11 QTLs were combined into five genetic loci; three of these loci are involved during the germination stage (loci 1, 2, and 3), and three are involved during the bud stage (loci 3, 4, and 5). Loci 2, 4 and 5 were repeatedly detected in the wet season (WS) and dry season (DS). Notably, loci 3 was detected during both the germination and bud stages. These loci are good candidates for future studies of gene function and could serve as highly valuable genetic factors for improving cold tolerance during the germination and bud stages of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongzhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Yu S, Ali J, Zhang C, Li Z, Zhang Q. Genomic Breeding of Green Super Rice Varieties and Their Deployment in Asia and Africa. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1427-1442. [PMID: 31915875 PMCID: PMC7214492 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The "Green Super Rice" (GSR) project aims to fundamentally transform crop production techniques and promote the development of green agriculture based on functional genomics and breeding of GSR varieties by whole-genome breeding platforms. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the leading food crops of the world, and the safe production of rice plays a central role in ensuring food security. However, the conflicts between rice production and environmental resources are becoming increasingly acute. For this reason, scientists in China have proposed the concept of Green Super Rice for promoting resource-saving and environment-friendly rice production, while still achieving a yield increase and quality improvement. GSR is becoming one of the major goals for agricultural research and crop improvement worldwide, which aims to mine and use vital genes associated with superior agronomic traits such as high yield, good quality, nutrient efficiency, and resistance against insects and stresses; establish genomic breeding platforms to breed and apply GSR; and set up resource-saving and environment-friendly cultivation management systems. GSR has been introduced into eight African and eight Asian countries and has contributed significantly to rice cultivation and food security in these countries. This article mainly describes the GSR concept and recent research progress, as well as the significant achievements in GSR breeding and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jauhar Ali
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Chaopu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qifa Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wu YS, Yang CY. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Auxin Responses in Submerged Rice Coleoptile Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1292. [PMID: 32075118 PMCID: PMC7072898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivating rice in wet or water direct seeding systems is simple and time and labor efficient. Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds are a unique cereal that can germinate not only when submerged, but also in anoxic conditions. Many complicated hormone signals interact in submerged seed germination. Ethylene is involved in rice coleoptile elongation, but little is known regarding the role of auxin signaling under submergence. This study demonstrated that the coleoptile is shorter and curlier when submerged with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). In transcriptomic analysis, 3448 of the 31,860 genes were upregulated, and 4360 genes were downregulated with submergence and TIBA treatment. The Gene Ontology function classification results demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in redox, stress, and signal transduction, whereas the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in RNA transcription, stress, and development. Furthermore, auxin signaling involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway was demonstrated while using transcriptomic analysis and confirmed in a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the transcript levels of development-related genes and mitochondria-electron- transport-related genes were regulated by auxin signaling under submergence. Auxin signaling was not only involved in regulating rice coleoptile elongation and development, but also regulated secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and mitochondria electron transport under submergence. Our results presented that auxin signaling plays an important role during rice coleoptile elongation upon the submergence condition and improving the advance of research of direct rice seeding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sian Wu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Ying Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Pervasive AI Research (PAIR) Labs, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Anandan A, Mahender A, Sah RP, Bose LK, Subudhi H, Meher J, Reddy JN, Ali J. Non-destructive phenotyping for early seedling vigor in direct-seeded rice. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:127. [PMID: 32973913 PMCID: PMC7507283 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early seedling vigor is an essential trait of direct-seeded rice. It helps the seedlings to compete with weeds for water and nutrient availability, and contributes to better seedling establishment during the initial phase of crop growth. Seedling vigor is a complex trait, and phenotyping by a destructive method limits the improvement of this trait through traditional breeding. Hence, a non-invasive, rapid, and precise image-based phenotyping technique is developed to increase the possibility to improve early seedling vigor through breeding in rice and other field crops. RESULTS To establish and assess the methodology using free-source software, early seedling vigor was estimated from images captured with a digital SLR camera in a non-destructive way. Here, the legitimacy and strength of the method have been proved through screening seven diverse rice cultivars varying for early seedling vigor. In the regression analysis, whole-plant area (WPA) estimated by destructive-flatbed scanner (WPAs) and non-destructive imaging (WPAi) approaches was strongly related (R2 > 83%) and suggested that WPAi can be adapted in place of destructive methods to estimate seedling vigor. In addition, this study has identified a set of new geometric traits (convex hull and top view area) for screening breeding lines for early seedling vigor in rice, which decreased the time by 80% and halved the cost of labor in data observation. CONCLUSIONS The method demonstrated here is affordable and easy to establish as a phenotypic platform. It is suitable for most glasshouses/net houses for characterizing genotypes to understand the plasticity of shoots under a given environment at the seedling stage. The methodology explained in this experiment has been proven to be practical and suggested as a technique for researchers involved in direct-seeded rice. Consequently, it will help in the simultaneous screening of genotypes in large numbers, the identification of donors, and in gaining information on the genetic basis of the trait to design a breeding program for direct-seeded rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Anandan
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines
| | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Lotan Kumar Bose
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Hatanath Subudhi
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Jitendra Meher
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Janga Nagi Reddy
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines
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Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) for Mesocotyl Elongation in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under Multiple Culture Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010049. [PMID: 31906181 PMCID: PMC7017202 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesocotyl is a crucial organ for pushing buds out of soil, which plays a vital role in seedling emergence and establishment in dry direct-seeded rice. However, the genetic mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation remains unclear. In our study, 208 rice accessions were used to identify the SNPs significantly associated with mesocotyl length under various culture conditions, including sand, water and soil. The mesocotyl length ranges from 0 to 4.88 cm, 0 to 3.99 cm and 0 to 4.51 cm in sand, water and soil covering, respectively. A total of 2,338,336 SNPs were discovered by re-sequencing of 208 rice accessions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on mixed linear model (MLM) was conducted and 16 unique loci were identified on chromosomes 1, 2 (2), 3, 4, 5 (2), 6 (2), 7, 8, 9 (2) and 12 (3), respectively, explaining phenotypic variations ranging from 6.3 to 15.9%. Among these loci, 12 were stable across two or more environments. Ten out of the sixteen loci coincided with known genes or quantitative trait locus (QTL), whereas the other six were potentially novel loci. Furthermore, five high-confidence candidate genes related to mesocotyl elongation were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 9 and 12. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that all the five genes showed significant expression difference between short-mesocotyl accessions and long-mesocotyl accessions. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of rice mesocotyl, the associated SNPs and germplasms with long mesocotyl could be useful in the breeding of mechanized dry direct-seeded rice.
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Xu L, Guo L, You H, Zhang O, Xiang X. Novel haplotype combinations reveal enhanced seedling vigor traits in rice that can accurately predict dry biomass accumulation in seedlings. BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:651-657. [PMID: 31988629 PMCID: PMC6977453 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seedling vigor is of vital importance for the initial plant establishment of direct-seeded rice. Here, 166 recombinant inbred lines were employed to assess eight seedling vigor traits over the first 25 days of germination. Significant correlations were found between most traits, and statistical analysis has revealed, for the first time, a linear relationship that uses seedling height and fresh weight to accurately predict the accumulation of dry biomass. Further, a subset of 20 lines, spanning the phenotypic range of the larger population, were genotyped by using 16 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers known to be associated with seedling vigor traits. Markers RM317 and RM348 linked with significantly different phenotypes, including seedling height and fresh weight. One combination, haplotype II-1 (RM317 (I/II) and RM348 (1/2)), consistently produced superior values for seedling height, root length, and leaf length. The new prediction tool for seedling dry weight, namely the haplotype of RM317 and RM348, will have a wide range of applications in breeding strategies by using marker-assisted selection to produce elite lines that optimize genetic composition contributing to seedling vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology,
59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010,
China
| | - Leizhou Guo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology,
59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010,
China
| | - Hui You
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology,
59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010,
China
| | - Ouling Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology,
59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010,
China
| | - Xunchao Xiang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology,
59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province,
Mianyang,
China
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70
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Identification of stable QTLs and candidate genes involved in anaerobic germination tolerance in rice via high-density genetic mapping and RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:355. [PMID: 31072298 PMCID: PMC6506967 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaerobic germination tolerance is an important trait for direct-seeded rice varieties. Understanding the genetic basis of anaerobic germination is a key for breeding direct-seeded rice varieties. Results In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between YZX and 02428 exhibited obvious coleoptile phenotypic differences. Mapping analysis using a high-density bin map indicated that a total of 25 loci were detected across two cropping seasons, including 10 previously detected loci and a total of 13 stable loci. Analysis of the 13 stable loci demonstrated that the more elite alleles that were pyramided in an individual, the higher the values of these traits were in the two cropping seasons. Furthermore, some anaerobic germination-tolerant recombinant inbred lines, namely G9, G10, G16, and G151, were identified. A total of 84 differentially expressed genes were obtained from the 13 stable loci via genome-wide expression analysis of the two parents at three key periods. Among them, Os06g0110200, Os07g0638300, Os07g0638400, Os09g0532900, Os09g0531701 and Os12g0539751 constitute the best candidates associated with anaerobic germination. Conclusions Both the anaerobic germination-tolerant recombinant inbred lines and the loci identified in this study will provide new genetic resources for improving the anaerobic germination tolerance of rice using molecular breeding strategies, as well as will broaden our understanding of the genetic control of germination tolerance under anaerobic conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5741-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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71
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Chen K, Zhang Q, Wang CC, Liu ZX, Jiang YJ, Zhai LY, Zheng TQ, Xu JL, Li ZK. Genetic dissection of seedling vigour in a diverse panel from the 3,000 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genome Project. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4804. [PMID: 30886215 PMCID: PMC6423299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seedling vigour (SV) is important for direct seeding rice (Oryza sativa L.), especially in a paddy-direct seeding system, but the genetic mechanisms behind the related traits remain largely unknown. Here, we used 744 germplasms, having at least two subsets, for the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the SV-related traits tiller number, plant height, and aboveground dry weight at three sampling stages, 27, 34, and 41 d after sowing. A joint map based on GAPIT and mrMLM produced a satisfying balance between type I and II errors. In total, 42 QTL regions, containing 18 (42.9%) previously reported overlapping QTL regions and 24 new ones, responsible for SV were detected throughout the genome. Four QTL regions, qSV1a, qSV3e, qSV4c, and qSV7c, were delimited and harboured quantitative trait nucleotides that are responsible for SV-related traits. Favourable haplotype mining for the candidate genes within these four regions, as well as the early SV gene OsGA20ox1, was performed, and the favourable haplotypes were presented with donors from the 3,000 Rice Genome Project. This work provides new information and materials for the future molecular breeding of direct seeding rice, especially in paddy-direct seeding cultivation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chun-Chao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Xia Liu
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lai-Yuan Zhai
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tian-Qing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Zhi-Kang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
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72
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He Y, Cheng J, He Y, Yang B, Cheng Y, Yang C, Zhang H, Wang Z. Influence of isopropylmalate synthase OsIPMS1 on seed vigour associated with amino acid and energy metabolism in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:322-337. [PMID: 29947463 PMCID: PMC6335077 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigour is an imperative trait for the direct seeding of rice. Isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) catalyses the committed step of leucine (Leu) biosynthesis, but its effect on seed vigour remains unclear. In this study, rice OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 was cloned, and the roles of OsIPMS1 in seed vigour were mainly investigated. OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 catalyse Leu biosynthesis, and Leu feedback inhibits their IPMS activities. Disruption of OsIPMS1 resulted in low seed vigour under various conditions, which might be tightly associated with the reduction of amino acids in germinating seeds. Eleven amino acids that associated with stress tolerance, GA biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly reduced in osipms1 mutants compared with those in wide type (WT) during seed germination. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were altered in osipms1a mutant compared with WT at the early germination stage, wherein most of the genes were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, protein processing, pyruvate, carbon, fructose and mannose metabolism. Further analysis confirmed that the regulation of OsIPMS1 in seed vigour involved in starch hydrolysis, glycolytic activity and energy levels in germinating seeds. The effects of seed priming were tightly associated with the mRNA levels of OsIPMS1 in priming seeds. The OsIPMS1 might be used as a biomarker to determine the best stop time-point of seed priming in rice. This study provides novel insights into the function of OsIPMS1 on seed vigour and should have practical applications in seed priming of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinping Cheng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bin Yang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yanhao Cheng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Can Yang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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73
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Yang J, Yang G, Yang M, Su L, Xia A, Li D, Huang C, Zhou D, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo T. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1582. [PMID: 31921238 PMCID: PMC6923285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling growth are important agricultural traits for developing populations of both irrigated and directly seeded rice (DSR). To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying seed germination and early seedling growth in rice, 275 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were genotyped in this study via the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to construct a high-density linkage bin map based on the parent-independent genotyping method. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 12 traits related to seed germination and early seedling growth were analyzed. Totally, 22 additive loci were detected, after analysis of the interaction between additive QTLs and environments, five stable additive loci were obtained. Among them, loci 4, 5, 12 and 14 exhibited clear pleiotropic effects that were associated with multiple traits. Analysis of the effects of the five additive stable loci showed that a single locus increased the corresponding phenotypic value. Ten of the 275 RILs pyramided the excellent alleles of the five stable genetic loci. Most phenotypic values of the ten RILs were greater than the average values. Four RILs (G260, G342, G371, and G401) with more excellent phenotypic values were subsequently selected; these RILs could serve as donor parents of favorable alleles in the breeding process. Due to the existence of pleiotropy, the use of these genetic loci for pyramid breeding can further increase the efficiency to reach breeding goals. In addition, these five stable loci have an average physical interval of only 170 kb, we also further identified five promising candidate genes by qRT-PCR, which provides us with a basis for future cloning of these genes. Overall, this work will help broaden our understanding of the genetic control of seed germination and early seedling growth, and this study provides both a good theoretical basis and a new genetic resource for the breeding of direct-seeded rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Guo
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Chen, ; Tao Guo,
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74
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Jin J, Long W, Wang L, Liu X, Pan G, Xiang W, Li N, Li S. QTL Mapping of Seed Vigor of Backcross Inbred Lines Derived From Oryza longistaminata Under Artificial Aging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1909. [PMID: 30622552 PMCID: PMC6308630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigor is an important character of seed quality that promotes rice to germinate rapidly from soil and developing to a strong seedling, especially in the current rice direct-sowing production system. However, previous studies for seed vigor mainly concentrate in cultivars, and less reports involving in wild rice. In this study, 152 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from wild rice Oryza longistaminata were genotyped with re-sequencing technology, and QTLs for seed vigor related traits under normal and artificial aging treatment were analyzed. Totally, 36 QTLs were detected, of which, eight for germination potential (GP), 10 for germination rate (GR), 9 for seedling length (SL), and 9 for root length (RL). Among these, 14 novel QTLs were identified from O. longistaminata. Of which, six QTLs were related to germination, and eight related to seedling growth under aging stress. What's more, the major QTLs q9SL1.1, q6SL1.1, and q3SL1.1 for seedling length were fallen in the same locus and fine-mapped an interval about 90 Kb. The major QTLs q9GR8.1 and q9GP8.1 related with germination were fine-mapped to an interval about 90 Kb. This work will provide us basis for breeding of high seed vigor rice in rice breeding programs and further cloning of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixiong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingdan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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75
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Wang F, Longkumer T, Catausan SC, Calumpang CLF, Tarun JA, Cattin-Ortola J, Ishizaki T, Pariasca Tanaka J, Rose T, Wissuwa M, Kretzschmar T. Genome-wide association and gene validation studies for early root vigour to improve direct seeding of rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2731-2743. [PMID: 29981171 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the genetic control of rice seedling vigour is now paramount with global shifts towards direct seeding of rice and the consequent demand for early vigour traits in breeding programmes. In a genome-wide association study using an indica-predominant diversity panel, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root length and root number in rice seedlings. Among the identified QTLs, one QTL for lateral root number on chromosome 11, qTIPS-11, was associated with a 32.4% increase in lateral root number. The locus was validated in independent backgrounds, and a predicted glycosyl hydrolase, TIPS-11-9, was identified as the causal gene for observed phenotypic differences. TIPS-11-9 was differentially expressed in emerging lateral roots of contrasting qTIPS-11 haplotypes, which was likely due to differences in cis-regulatory elements and auxin responsiveness. Abolishment of Tips-11-9 function through T-DNA insertion in a qTIPS-11-positive background resulted in a reduction of lateral root number, which negatively affected biomass accumulation, particularly under phosphorous-limiting conditions. Marker-assisted introgression of qTIPS-11 into modern indica varieties will aid in the generation of varieties adapted to direct seeding and thus facilitate the adoption of direct seeding practices in tropical Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmiao Wang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Toshisangba Longkumer
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sheryl C Catausan
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Carla Lenore F Calumpang
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jeshurun A Tarun
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Takuma Ishizaki
- Tropical Agriculture Research Front (TARF), International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Juan Pariasca Tanaka
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Terry Rose
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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76
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Nguyen GN, Norton SL, Rosewarne GM, James LE, Slater AT. Automated phenotyping for early vigour of field pea seedlings in controlled environment by colour imaging technology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207788. [PMID: 30452470 PMCID: PMC6242686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early vigour of seedlings is a beneficial trait of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) that contributes to weed control, water use efficiency and is likely to contribute to yield under certain environments. Although breeding is considered the most effective approach to improve early vigour of field pea, the absence of a robust and high-throughput phenotyping tool to dissect this complex trait is currently a major obstacle of genetic improvement programs to address this issue. To develop this tool, separate trials on 44 genetically diverse field pea genotypes were conducted in the automated plant phenotyping platform of Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham and in the field, respectively. High correlation between estimated plant parameters derived from the automated phenotyping platform and important early vigour traits such as shoot biomass, leaf area and plant height indicated that the derived plant parameters can be used to predict vigour traits in field pea seedlings. Plant growth analysis demonstrated that the "broken-stick" model fitted well with the growth pattern of all field pea genotypes and can be used to determine the linear growth phase. Further analysis suggested that the estimated plant parameters collected at the linear growth phase can effectively differentiate early vigour across field pea genotypes. High correlation between normalised difference vegetation indices captured from the field trial and estimated shoot biomass and top-view area confirmed the consistent performance of early vigour field pea genotypes under controlled and field environments. Overall, our results demonstrated that this robust screening tool is highly applicable and will enable breeding programs to rapidly identify early vigour traits and utilise germplasm to contribute to the genetic improvement of field peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giao N. Nguyen
- Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L. Norton
- Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garry M. Rosewarne
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E. James
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Victoria, Australia
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77
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Julia CC, Rose TJ, Pariasca-Tanaka J, Jeong K, Matsuda T, Wissuwa M. Phosphorus uptake commences at the earliest stages of seedling development in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5233-5240. [PMID: 30053197 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed phosphorus (P) reserves are essential for seedling development; however, we hypothesise that the quantity of P in seeds will lose importance in cultivars that rapidly acquire it via their roots. Our objective in this study was therefore to investigate the onset of seedling P uptake in rice (Oryza sativa). This was addressed through 33P-labelled supply and through measuring P depletion in combination with the detection of P transporter activity in the root tissue of three rice cultivars during early development. 33P supplied to roots 4 d after germination (DAG) was detected in shoots 2 d later, indicating that P was taken up and translocated to shoots during early seedling development. Measurements of P depletion from the growth medium indicated that uptake occurred even at 2 DAG when roots were only 3 cm long. By day 3, P depletion was rapid and P transporter activity was detected in roots, regardless of the levels of seed P reserves present. We conclude that P uptake commences at the earliest stages of seedling development in rice, that the amount taken up will be limited by root size, and that genotypes with more rapid root development should more rapidly complement seed-P reserves by root uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C Julia
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Terry J Rose
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan Pariasca-Tanaka
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kwanho Jeong
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Taro Matsuda
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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78
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Parra-Londono S, Fiedler K, Kavka M, Samans B, Wieckhorst S, Zacharias A, Uptmoor R. Genetic dissection of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum: genome-wide association studies for seedling emergence and survival under field and controlled environment conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:581-595. [PMID: 29147737 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A QTL on sorghum chromosome SBI-06 putatively improves field emergence under low-temperature conditions. Low temperatures decisively limit seedling emergence and vigor during early growth of sorghum and, thus, strongly impair geographical expansion. To broaden sorghum cultivation to temperate regions, the establishment of cold-tolerant genotypes is a prioritized breeding goal. The present study aims at the quantification of seedling emergence and survival under chilling temperatures and the detection of marker-trait associations controlling temperature-related seedling establishment. A diversity set consisting of 194 biomass sorghum lines was subjected to extensive phenotyping comprising field trials and controlled environment experiments. The final emergence percentage (FEP) under field conditions was significantly reduced under cold stress. Broad-sense heritability was h 2 = 0.87 for FEP in the field and h 2 = 0.93 for seedling survival rate (SR) under controlled conditions. Correlations between FEP in the field and under controlled conditions were low; higher correlations were observed between field FEP and SR in controlled environments. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using 44,515 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and revealed eight regions with suggestive marker-trait associations for FEP and SR on chromosomes SBI-01, -02, -03, -06, -09, and -10 (p < 5.7 × 10-5) and a significant association on SBI-06 for field FEP (p < 2.9 × 10-6). Although not significant under controlled conditions, SR of genotypes carrying the minor allele on the field FEP quantitative trait loci (QTL) on SBI-06 was on average 13.1% higher, while FEP under controlled conditions was on average 9.7% higher with a linearly decreasing effect with increasing temperatures (R 2 = 0.82). Promising candidate genes putatively conferring seedling cold tolerance were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Fiedler
- KWS SAAT SE, Grimsehlstraße 31, 37555, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Kavka
- Chair of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Uptmoor
- Chair of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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79
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Hori K, Yamamoto T, Yano M. Genetic dissection of agronomically important traits in closely related temperate japonica rice cultivars. BREEDING SCIENCE 2017; 67:427-434. [PMID: 29398936 PMCID: PMC5790047 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomically important traits such as grain yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been detected by using segregating populations derived from crosses between indica and japonica subspecies or with wild relatives. However, the QTLs involved in the control of natural variation in agronomic traits among closely related cultivars are still unclear. Decoding the whole genome sequences of Nipponbare and other temperate japonica rice cultivars has accelerated the collection of a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs are good resource for developing polymorphic DNA markers and for detecting QTLs distributed across all rice chromosomes. The temperate japonica rice cultivar Koshihikari has remained the top cultivar for about 40 years since 1979 in Japan. Unraveling the genetic factors in Koshihikari will provide important insights into improving agronomic traits in temperate japonica rice cultivars. Here we describe recent progress in our studies as an example of genetic analysis in closely related cultivars.
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Singh UM, Yadav S, Dixit S, Ramayya PJ, Devi MN, Raman KA, Kumar A. QTL Hotspots for Early Vigor and Related Traits under Dry Direct-Seeded System in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:286. [PMID: 28303149 PMCID: PMC5332406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong seedling vigor is desirable trait in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) for enhancing crop establishment and the ability to compete against weeds. A set of 253 BC3F4 lines derived from cross between Swarna and Moroberekan was phenotyped for early vigor (EV) and 8 related traits viz., early uniform emergence (EUE), shoot length (SHL), stem length (SL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), total fresh weight (TFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total dry weight (TDW), and root dry weight (RDW). Composite interval mapping analysis using genotypic data from 194 SNP markers identified six genomic regions associated with traits on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, and 6 with phenotypic variance ranging from 2.5 to 18.6%. Among them 2 QTL regions; one on chr3 (id3001701-id300833) and the other on chr5 (wd5002636-id5001470) were identified as QTL hotspots A and B respectively and expressed consistently in field as well as glasshouse condition. The majority of QTLs identified for early vigor, and related traits were clustered in the QTL hotspots A (qEV3.1, qEUE3.1, qSHL3.1, qSL3.1, qSFW3.1, qTFW3.1, qRDW3.1 ) and QTL hotspot B (qEV5.1, qEUE5.1, qSHL5.1, qSL5.1, qSFW5.1, qSDW5.1, qTDW5.1 ). Ten putative candidate genes viz., 1-alpha-amylase precursor, 2-glutamate decarboxylase, 1-ethylene-insensitive 3, 3-expansin precursor, and 3-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase associated with the target traits were identified in the selected QTL regions. Mutations were identified in the coding region of alpha-amylase precursor and ethylene-insensitive 3 gene between the parents which can be utilized in marker assisted breeding. Trait relationships among the agro-physiological traits were examined to select the best genotypes for the given traits for use in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma M. Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research InstituteMetro Manila, Philippines
| | - Shilpi Dixit
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
| | - P. Janaki Ramayya
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
| | - M. Nagamallika Devi
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
| | - K. Anitha Raman
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Hub, ICRISATPatancheru, India
- Department of Plant Breeding, International Rice Research InstituteMetro Manila, Philippines
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Anandan A, Anumalla M, Pradhan SK, Ali J. Population Structure, Diversity and Trait Association Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm for Early Seedling Vigor (ESV) Using Trait Linked SSR Markers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152406. [PMID: 27031620 PMCID: PMC4816567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early seedling vigor (ESV) is the essential trait for direct seeded rice to dominate and smother the weed growth. In this regard, 629 rice genotypes were studied for their morphological and physiological responses in the field under direct seeded aerobic situation on 14th, 28th and 56th days after sowing (DAS). It was determined that the early observations taken on 14th and 28th DAS were reliable estimators to study ESV as compared to 56th DAS. Further, 96 were selected from 629 genotypes by principal component (PCA) and discriminate function analyses. The selected genotypes were subjected to decipher the pattern of genetic diversity in terms of both phenotypic and genotypic by using ESV QTL linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. To assess the genetic structure, model and distance based approaches were used. Genotyping of 96 rice lines using 39 polymorphic SSRs produced a total of 128 alleles with the phenotypic information content (PIC) value of 0.24. The model based population structure approach grouped the accession into two distinct populations, whereas unrooted tree grouped the genotypes into three clusters. Both model based and structure based approach had clearly distinguished the early vigor genotypes from non-early vigor genotypes. Association analysis revealed that 16 and 10 SSRs showed significant association with ESV traits by general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches respectively. Marker alleles on chromosome 2 were associated with shoot dry weight on 28 DAS, vigor index on 14 and 28 DAS. Improvement in the rate of seedling growth will be useful for identifying rice genotypes acquiescent to direct seeded conditions through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Anandan
- Division of Crop Improvement, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Anumalla
- Division of Crop Improvement, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Division of Crop Improvement, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Finch-Savage WE, Bassel GW. Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:567-91. [PMID: 26585226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are central to crop production, human nutrition, and food security. A key component of the performance of crop seeds is the complex trait of seed vigour. Crop yield and resource use efficiency depend on successful plant establishment in the field, and it is the vigour of seeds that defines their ability to germinate and establish seedlings rapidly, uniformly, and robustly across diverse environmental conditions. Improving vigour to enhance the critical and yield-defining stage of crop establishment remains a primary objective of the agricultural industry and the seed/breeding companies that support it. Our knowledge of the regulation of seed germination has developed greatly in recent times, yet understanding of the basis of variation in vigour and therefore seed performance during the establishment of crops remains limited. Here we consider seed vigour at an ecophysiological, molecular, and biomechanical level. We discuss how some seed characteristics that serve as adaptive responses to the natural environment are not suitable for agriculture. Past domestication has provided incremental improvements, but further actively directed change is required to produce seeds with the characteristics required both now and in the future. We discuss ways in which basic plant science could be applied to enhance seed performance in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Finch-Savage
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Wellesbourne Campus, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK
| | - G W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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