51
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Touloupakis E, Cicchi B, Benavides AMS, Torzillo G. Effect of high pH on growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cultures and their contamination by golden algae (Poterioochromonas sp.). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1333-1341. [PMID: 26541331 PMCID: PMC4717179 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Culturing cyanobacteria in a highly alkaline environment is a possible strategy for controlling contamination by other organisms. Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells were grown in continuous cultures to assess their growth performance at different pH values. Light conversion efficiency linearly decreased with the increase in pH and ranged between 12.5 % (PAR) at pH 7.5 (optimal) and decreased to 8.9 % at pH 11.0. Photosynthetic activity, assessed by measuring both chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis rate, was not much affected going from pH 7.5 to 11.0, while productivity, growth yield, and biomass yield on light energy declined by 32, 28, and 26 % respectively at pH 11.0. Biochemical composition of the biomass did not change much within pH 7 and 10, while when grown at pH 11.0, carbohydrate content increased by 33 % while lipid content decreased by about the same amount. Protein content remained almost constant (average 65.8 % of dry weight). Cultures maintained at pH above 11.0 could grow free of contaminants (protozoa and other competing microalgae belonging to the species of Poterioochromonas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Bernardo Cicchi
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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52
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53
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Singh J, Thakur IS. Evaluation of cyanobacterial endolith Leptolyngbya sp. ISTCY101, for integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production: A toxicological perspective. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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54
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Microalgae-utilizing biorefinery concept for pulp and paper industry: Converting secondary streams into value-added products. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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55
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Tibbetts SM, Bjornsson WJ, McGinn PJ. Biochemical composition and amino acid profiles of Nannochloropsis granulata algal biomass before and after supercritical fluid CO2 extraction at two processing temperatures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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56
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Escapa C, Coimbra RN, Paniagua S, García AI, Otero M. Nutrients and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater by culture and harvesting of Chlorella sorokiniana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:276-84. [PMID: 25780903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study both the removal of nutrients and pharmaceuticals, namely salicylic acid or paracetamol, from water by the culture of Chlorella sorokiniana. The removal of nutrients was nearly complete at the end of the batch culture; above 70% for nitrates and 89% for phosphates in the semicontinuous culture. The pharmaceuticals removal kinetics were 2.3 times greater for the salicylic acid than paracetamol, reaching volumetric efficiencies above 93% for salicylic acid in the semicontinuous culture. Finally, to separate the microalgae biomass from treated water, metal salts, synthetic polyelectrolytes and a biopolymer were tested as coagulants-flocculants. The best flocculation results were achieved with AlCl3 (95.23% with 200mgg(-1), 1min incubation time). However, given that resulting flocs had different characteristics, flocculants must be chosen on the basis of the subsequent use of the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escapa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - R N Coimbra
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - S Paniagua
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - A I García
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - M Otero
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
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Cheah WY, Show PL, Chang JS, Ling TC, Juan JC. Biosequestration of atmospheric CO2 and flue gas-containing CO2 by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:190-201. [PMID: 25497054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The unceasing rise of greenhouse gas emission has led to global warming and climate change. Global concern on this phenomenon has put forward the microalgal-based CO2 sequestration aiming to sequester carbon back to the biosphere, ultimately reducing greenhouse effects. Microalgae have recently gained enormous attention worldwide, to be the valuable feedstock for renewable energy production, due to their high growth rates, high lipid productivities and the ability to sequester carbon. The photosynthetic process of microalgae uses atmospheric CO2 and CO2 from flue gases, to synthesize nutrients for their growth. In this review article, we will primarily discuss the efficiency of CO2 biosequestration by microalgae species, factors influencing microalgal biomass productions, microalgal cultivation systems, the potential and limitations of using flue gas for microalgal cultivation as well as the bio-refinery approach of microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Cheah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Division, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Food and Bioproduct Processing, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis and Environmental Technology, School of Science, Malaysia.
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58
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Chiu SY, Kao CY, Chen TY, Chang YB, Kuo CM, Lin CS. Cultivation of microalgal Chlorella for biomass and lipid production using wastewater as nutrient resource. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:179-189. [PMID: 25499744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using wastewater for microalgal cultures is beneficial for minimizing the use of freshwater, reducing the cost of nutrient addition, removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and producing microalgal biomass as bioresources for biofuel or high-value by-products. There are three main sources of wastewater, municipal (domestic), agricultural and industrial wastewater, which contain a variety of ingredients. Some components in the wastewater, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are useful ingredients for microalgal cultures. In this review, the effects on the biomass and lipid production of microalgal Chlorella cultures using different kinds of wastewater were summarized. The use of the nutrients resource in wastewater for microalgal cultures was also reviewed. The effect of ammonium in wastewater on microalgal Chlorella growth was intensively discussed. In the end, limitations of wastewater-based of microalgal culture were commented in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Chiu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Water Technology Division, Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ya Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bin Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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59
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Park KC, Whitney CGE, Kozera C, O'Leary SJB, McGinn PJ. Seasonal isolation of microalgae from municipal wastewater for remediation and biofuel applications. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:76-87. [PMID: 25845886 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to isolate the microalgae strains from treated municipal wastewater in both summer and winter seasons in order to identify strains better suited for nutrient remediation and biofuel production under either cooler or warmer temperatures. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-six strains in total were isolated and identified by DNA sequencing from effluent samples collected from a local wastewater treatment plant during the summer and winter of 2011. Screening of 41 isolates based on the fatty acid productivity at either 22 or 10°C resulted in the selection of 12 strains organized into two groups of 6-the M (mild) and C (cool) groups, respectively. Four of the C-group strains were isolated from the winter sample, while four of the M-group isolates were isolated from the summer sample. Fatty acid pools in M-group strains were heavily regulated in response to growth temperature while C-group strains were more insensitive. In three of the six C-group strains, the rates of biomass and fatty acid productivity at 10°C exceeded the corresponding rates at 22°C. Conversely, M group were always more productive at 22 compared to 10°C. Mixotrophic strategies to enhance productivity were generally unsuccessful in M-group strains at 22°C but proved to be more effective in C-group cultures at 10°C. CONCLUSIONS In general, C-group strains appeared better suited for growth in municipal wastewater at 10°C, while M-group strains were better suited at 22°C. On balance, C-group isolates were more likely to come from winter wastewater samples while M-group strains were more likely to come from the summer sample. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results demonstrate that the effects of temperature on microalgal growth for wastewater remediation can be mitigated somewhat by isolation and careful selection of strains adapted to seasonal wastewater conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Park
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C G E Whitney
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Kozera
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S J B O'Leary
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - P J McGinn
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
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60
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Nascimento IA, Cabanelas ITD, Santos JND, Nascimento MA, Sousa L, Sansone G. Biodiesel yields and fuel quality as criteria for algal-feedstock selection: Effects of CO2-supplementation and nutrient levels in cultures. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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61
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Karemore A, Sen R. Green integrated process for mitigation of municipal and industrial liquid and solid waste mixes for enhanced microalgal biomass and lipid synthesis for biodiesel. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report: a sustainable green integrated process for effective waste mitigation and microalgal biomass production for biodiesel feedstock generation in a biorefinery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Karemore
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
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62
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Abstract
The objective of this paper was to optimize the flocculation and biomass productivity of Botryococcus braunii by using an organic carbon source glycine. The effects of culture period and glycine dose with high, medium and low levels on both solid concentration achieved and biomass productivity were conducted. It was found that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which promotes flocculation, was produced not only by bacterial but also by microalgae. The productivity of EPS was affected by culture period, glycine dose and mixing time. The maximum EPS of 103.3 mg/L obtained with 11 day culture period and 0.1 g/L glycine, leading to the maximum solid concentration achieved of 51 g/L, the biomass recovery rate 72%.
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63
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Janssen PJD, Lambreva MD, Plumeré N, Bartolucci C, Antonacci A, Buonasera K, Frese RN, Scognamiglio V, Rea G. Photosynthesis at the forefront of a sustainable life. Front Chem 2014; 2:36. [PMID: 24971306 PMCID: PMC4054791 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a sustainable bio-based economy has drawn much attention in recent years, and research to find smart solutions to the many inherent challenges has intensified. In nature, perhaps the best example of an authentic sustainable system is oxygenic photosynthesis. The biochemistry of this intricate process is empowered by solar radiation influx and performed by hierarchically organized complexes composed by photoreceptors, inorganic catalysts, and enzymes which define specific niches for optimizing light-to-energy conversion. The success of this process relies on its capability to exploit the almost inexhaustible reservoirs of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to transform photonic energy into chemical energy such as stored in adenosine triphosphate. Oxygenic photosynthesis is responsible for most of the oxygen, fossil fuels, and biomass on our planet. So, even after a few billion years of evolution, this process unceasingly supports life on earth, and probably soon also in outer-space, and inspires the development of enabling technologies for a sustainable global economy and ecosystem. The following review covers some of the major milestones reached in photosynthesis research, each reflecting lasting routes of innovation in agriculture, environmental protection, and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. D. Janssen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology - Unit of Microbiology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CENMol, Belgium
| | - Maya D. Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Plumeré
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences-CES, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Cecilia Bartolucci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Katia Buonasera
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Raoul N. Frese
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
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Ellison MB, de Nys R, Paul NA, Roberts DA. Growth and metal bioconcentration by conspecific freshwater macroalgae cultured in industrial waste water. PeerJ 2014; 2:e401. [PMID: 24883258 PMCID: PMC4034596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioremediation of industrial waste water by macroalgae is a sustainable and renewable approach to the treatment of waste water produced by multiple industries. However, few studies have tested the bioremediation of complex multi-element waste streams from coal-fired power stations by live algae. This study compares the ability of three species of green freshwater macroalgae from the genus Oedogonium, isolated from different geographic regions, to grow in waste water for the bioremediation of metals. The experiments used Ash Dam water from Tarong power station in Queensland, which is contaminated by multiple metals (Al, Cd, Ni and Zn) and metalloids (As and Se) in excess of Australian water quality guidelines. All species had consistent growth rates in Ash Dam water, despite significant differences in their growth rates in “clean” water. A species isolated from the Ash Dam water itself was not better suited to the bioremediation of that waste water. While there were differences in the temporal pattern of the bioconcentration of metals by the three species, over the course of the experiment, all three species bioconcentrated the same elements preferentially and to a similar extent. All species bioconcentrated metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd and Zn) more rapidly than metalloids (As, Mo and Se). Therefore, bioremediation in situ will be most rapid and complete for metals. Overall, all three species of freshwater macroalgae had the ability to grow in waste water and bioconcentrate elements, with a consistent affinity for the key metals that are regulated by Australian and international water quality guidelines. Together, these characteristics make Oedogonium a clear target for scaled bioremediation programs across a range of geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ellison
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - David A Roberts
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
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Bhatt NC, Panwar A, Bisht TS, Tamta S. Coupling of algal biofuel production with wastewater. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:210504. [PMID: 24982930 PMCID: PMC4058258 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have gained enormous consideration from scientific community worldwide emerging as a viable feedstock for a renewable energy source virtually being carbon neutral, high lipid content, and comparatively more advantageous to other sources of biofuels. Although microalgae are seen as a valuable source in majority part of the world for production of biofuels and bioproducts, still they are unable to accomplish sustainable large-scale algal biofuel production. Wastewater has organic and inorganic supplements required for algal growth. The coupling of microalgae with wastewater is an effective way of waste remediation and a cost-effective microalgal biofuel production. In this review article, we will primarily discuss the possibilities and current scenario regarding coupling of microalgal cultivation with biofuel production emphasizing recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chamoli Bhatt
- Algae Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand-263136, India
| | - Amit Panwar
- Algae Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand-263136, India
| | - Tara Singh Bisht
- Algae Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand-263136, India
| | - Sushma Tamta
- Algae Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand-263136, India
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66
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Shen Y. Carbon dioxide bio-fixation and wastewater treatment via algae photochemical synthesis for biofuels production. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the energy, nutrients and CO2held within residual waste materials to provide all necessary inputs except for sunlight, the cultivation of algae becomes a closed-loop engineered ecosystem. Developing this green biotechnology is a tangible step towards a waste-free sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama, Japan
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67
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Prajapati SK, Kaushik P, Malik A, Vijay VK. Phycoremediation coupled production of algal biomass, harvesting and anaerobic digestion: Possibilities and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1408-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Passell H, Dhaliwal H, Reno M, Wu B, Ben Amotz A, Ivry E, Gay M, Czartoski T, Laurin L, Ayer N. Algae biodiesel life cycle assessment using current commercial data. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:103-11. [PMID: 23900083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic microalgae represent a potential feedstock for transportation fuels, but life cycle assessment (LCA) studies based on laboratory-scale or theoretical data have shown mixed results. We attempt to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale and larger scale biodiesel production by using cultivation and harvesting data from a commercial algae producer with ∼1000 m(2) production area (the base case), and compare that with a hypothetical scaled up facility of 101,000 m(2) (the future case). Extraction and separation data are from Solution Recovery Services, Inc. Conversion and combustion data are from the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model (GREET). The LCA boundaries are defined as "pond-to-wheels". Environmental impacts are quantified as NER (energy in/energy out), global warming potential, photochemical oxidation potential, water depletion, particulate matter, and total NOx and SOx. The functional unit is 1 MJ of energy produced in a passenger car. Results for the base case and the future case show an NER of 33.4 and 1.37, respectively and GWP of 2.9 and 0.18 kg CO2-equivalent, respectively. In comparison, petroleum diesel and soy diesel show an NER of 0.18 and 0.80, respectively and GWP of 0.12 and 0.025, respectively. A critical feature in this work is the low algal productivity (3 g/m(2)/day) reported by the commercial producer, relative to the much higher productivities (20-30 g/m(2)/day) reported by other sources. Notable results include a sensitivity analysis showing that algae with an oil yield of 0.75 kg oil/kg dry biomass in the future case can bring the NER down to 0.64, more comparable with petroleum diesel and soy biodiesel. An important assumption in this work is that all processes are fully co-located and that no transport of intermediate or final products from processing stage to stage is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Passell
- Sandia National Laboratories, Box 5800, MS 1137 Albuquerque, NM, USA
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69
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Ho SH, Lai YY, Chiang CY, Chen CNN, Chang JS. Selection of elite microalgae for biodiesel production in tropical conditions using a standardized platform. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:135-142. [PMID: 23994959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Four thermotolerant microalgae were isolated from tropical Taiwan and classified as members of Desmodesmus based on morphological and molecular studies. A platform was established to evaluate their biodiesel production-related traits, including thermotolerance, lipid productivity, lipid oxidative stability and auto-sedimentation. The findings demonstrated thermotolerance of all four species was at the same level, as all could live at 45 °C for 24 h and 50 °C for 8 h with mortality rates below 5% of cells. The lipid productivity of Desmodesmus sp. F2 reached 113 mg/L/d. Its saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for 75% of the FAMEs, and it required only 3.1 h to achieve 85% sedimentation. Comparing these traits to those of the other three Desmodesmus and microalgae in the literature, Desmodesmus sp. F2 is one of the best candidates for biodiesel production in tropical and subtropical areas. This platform effectively assessed traits of microalgae related to biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Nen Nathan Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Tartakovsky B, Matteau-Lebrun F, McGinn PJ, O'Leary SJ, Guiot SR. Methane production from the microalga Scenedesmus sp. AMDD in a continuous anaerobic reactor. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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71
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Leite GB, Abdelaziz AEM, Hallenbeck PC. Algal biofuels: challenges and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:134-41. [PMID: 23499181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel production using microalgae is attractive in a number of respects. Here a number of pros and cons to using microalgae for biofuels production are reviewed. Algal cultivation can be carried out using non-arable land and non-potable water with simple nutrient supply. In addition, algal biomass productivities are much higher than those of vascular plants and the extractable content of lipids that can be usefully converted to biodiesel, triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be much higher than that of the oil seeds now used for first generation biodiesel. On the other hand, practical, cost-effective production of biofuels from microalgae requires that a number of obstacles be overcome. These include the development of low-cost, effective growth systems, efficient and energy saving harvesting techniques, and methods for oil extraction and conversion that are environmentally benign and cost-effective. Promising recent advances in these areas are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B Leite
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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72
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Anjos M, Fernandes BD, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA, Dragone G. Optimization of CO₂ bio-mitigation by Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:149-154. [PMID: 23648764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofixation of CO2 by microalgae has been recognized as an attractive approach to CO2 mitigation. The main objective of this work was to maximize the rate of CO2 fixation ( [Formula: see text] ) by the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris P12 cultivated photoautotrophically in bubble column photobioreactors under different CO2 concentrations (ranging from 2% to 10%) and aeration rates (ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 vvm). Results showed that the maximum [Formula: see text] (2.22 gL(-1)d(-1)) was obtained by using 6.5% CO2 and 0.5 vvm after 7 days of cultivation at 30°C. Although final biomass concentration and maximum biomass productivity of microalgae were affected by the different cultivation conditions, no significant differences were obtained in the biochemical composition of microalgal cells for the evaluated levels of aeration and CO2. The present study demonstrated that optimization of microalgal cultivation conditions can be considered a useful strategy for maximizing CO2 bio-mitigation by C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Anjos
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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73
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Abdelaziz AEM, Leite GB, Hallenbeck PC. Addressing the challenges for sustainable production of algal biofuels: I. Algal strains and nutrient supply. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1783-805. [PMID: 24350435 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.827748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae hold promise for the production of sustainable replacement of fossil fuels due to their high growth rates, ability to grow on non-arable land and their high content, under the proper conditions, of high energy compounds that can be relatively easily chemically converted to fuels using existing technology. However, projected large-scale algal production raises a number of sustainability concerns concerning land use, net energy return, water use and nutrient supply. The state-of-the-art of algal production of biofuels is presented with emphasis on some possible avenues to provide answers to the sustainability questions that have been raised. Here, issues concerning algal strains and supply of nutrients for large-scale production are discussed. Since sustainability concerns necessitate the use of wastewaters for supply of bulk nutrients, emphasis is placed on the composition and suitability of different wastewater streams. At the same time, algal cultivation has proven useful in waste treatment processes, and thus this aspect is also treated in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E M Abdelaziz
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Gustavo B Leite
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
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74
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Abdelaziz AEM, Leite GB, Hallenbeck PC. Addressing the challenges for sustainable production of algal biofuels: II. Harvesting and conversion to biofuels. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1807-36. [PMID: 24350436 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.831487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to ensure the sustainability of algal biofuel production, a number of issues need to be addressed. Previously, we reviewed some of the questions in this area involving algal species and the important challenges of nutrient supply and how these might be met. Here, we take up issues involving harvesting and the conversion ofbiomass to biofuels. Advances in both these areas are required if these third-generation fuels are to have a sufficiently high net energy ratio and a sustainable footprint. A variety of harvesting technologies are under investigation and recent studies in this area are presented and discussed. A number of different energy uses are available for algal biomass, each with their own advantages as well as challenges in terms of efficiencies and yields. Recent advances in these areas are presented and some of the especially promising conversion processes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E M Abdelaziz
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Gustavo B Leite
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
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75
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Nutrient remediation rates in municipal wastewater and their effect on biochemical composition of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. AMDD. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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76
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Gómez C, Escudero R, Morales MM, Figueroa FL, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Acién FG. Use of secondary-treated wastewater for the production of Muriellopsis sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2239-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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77
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Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Sources for Biodiesel Production: A Comparison Between Biocatalysts and Inorganic Catalysts. Catal Letters 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-012-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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78
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Van Den Hende S, Vervaeren H, Boon N. Flue gas compounds and microalgae: (Bio-)chemical interactions leading to biotechnological opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1405-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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79
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McGinn PJ, Dickinson KE, Park KC, Whitney CG, MacQuarrie SP, Black FJ, Frigon JC, Guiot SR, O'Leary SJ. Assessment of the bioenergy and bioremediation potentials of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. AMDD cultivated in municipal wastewater effluent in batch and continuous mode. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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80
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Boyd AR, Champagne P, McGinn PJ, MacDougall KM, Melanson JE, Jessop PG. Switchable hydrophilicity solvents for lipid extraction from microalgae for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 118:628-32. [PMID: 22721685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) was studied for its effectiveness at extracting lipids from freeze-dried samples of Botryococcus braunii microalgae. The SHS N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine extracted up to 22 wt.% crude lipid relative to the freeze-dried cell weight. The solvent was removed from the extract with water saturated with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure and recovered from the water upon de-carbonation of the mixture. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed that the extracted lipids contained high concentrations of long chain tri-, di- and mono-acylglycerols, no phospholipids, and only 4-8% of residual solvent. Unlike extractions with conventional organic solvents, this new method requires neither distillation nor the use of volatile, flammable or chlorinated organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina R Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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81
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82
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Olguín EJ. Dual purpose microalgae-bacteria-based systems that treat wastewater and produce biodiesel and chemical products within a biorefinery. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1031-46. [PMID: 22609182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Excess greenhouse gas emissions and the concomitant effect on global warming have become significant environmental, social and economic threats. In this context, the development of renewable, carbon-neutral and economically feasible biofuels is a driving force for innovation worldwide. A lot of effort has been put into developing biodiesel from microalgae. However, there are still a number of technological, market and policy barriers that are serious obstacles to the economic feasibility and competitiveness of such biofuels. Conversely, there are also a number of business opportunities if the production of such alternative biofuel becomes part of a larger integrated system following the Biorefinery strategy. In this case, other biofuels and chemical products of high added value are produced, contributing to an overall enhancement of the economic viability of the whole integrated system. Additionally, dual purpose microalgae-bacteria-based systems for treating wastewater and production of biofuels and chemical products significantly contribute to a substantial saving in the overall cost of microalgae biomass production. These types of systems could help to improve the competitiveness of biodiesel production from microalgae, according to some recent Life Cycle Analysis studies. Furthermore, they do not compete for fresh water resources for agricultural purposes and add value to treating the wastewater itself. This work reviews the most recent and relevant information about these types of dual purpose systems. Several aspects related to the treatment of municipal and animal wastewater with simultaneous recovery of microalgae with potential for biodiesel production are discussed. The use of pre-treated waste or anaerobic effluents from digested waste as nutrient additives for weak wastewater is reviewed. Isolation and screening of microalgae/cyanobacteria or their consortia from various wastewater streams, and studies related to population dynamics in mixed cultures, are highlighted as very relevant fields of research. The species selection may depend on various factors, such as the biomass and lipid productivity of each strain, the characteristics of the wastewater, the original habitat of the strain and the climatic conditions in the treatment plant, among others. Some alternative technologies aimed at harvesting biomass at a low cost, such as cell immobilization, biofilm formation, flocculation and bio-flocculation, are also reviewed. Finally, a Biorefinery design is presented that integrates the treatment of municipal wastewater with the recovery of oleaginous microalgae, together with the use of seawater supplemented with anaerobically digested piggery waste for cultivating Arthrospira (Spirulina) and producing biogas, biodiesel, hydrogen and other high added value products. Such strategies offer new opportunities for the cost-effective and competitive production of biofuels along with valuable non-fuel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia J Olguín
- Institute of Ecology, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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83
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Lin Q, Gu N, Li G, Lin J, Huang L, Tan L. Effects of inorganic carbon concentration on carbon formation, nitrate utilization, biomass and oil accumulation of Nannochloropsis oculata CS 179. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:353-359. [PMID: 22386465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This investigation examined the effects of the inorganic carbon concentration (4, 0.8 and 0 g/L NaHCO(3)) on the carbon formation, nitrate utilization, growth and fatty acids compositions of Nannochloropsis oculata. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration in the three treatments decreased sharply during the first 6 days, and the percentage of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (% of total organic carbon (TOC)) decreased with the depletion of the DIC. The NO(3)(-) assimilation of the algae was correlated with the DIC concentration. The algae in the highest DIC treatment had the highest specific grow rate (0.0843 d(-1)) (P<0.0001), and their biomass and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) productivity were 84.00 and 9.69 mg/L/d, respectively (P<0.0001). Contents of C16 and C18 series (% of FAME) were high and the C16:0 increased with the decrease of C18:1 during the cultivation. The iodine value (IV) of the algae was low at the low DIC media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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84
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Pan YY, Wang ST, Chuang LT, Chang YW, Chen CNN. Isolation of thermo-tolerant and high lipid content green microalgae: oil accumulation is predominantly controlled by photosystem efficiency during stress treatments in Desmodesmus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10510-7. [PMID: 21925879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Discoveries of new microalgae with thermo-tolerance, high growth rate, and high lipid content are crucial to algal biodiesel production in tropical and subtropical zones. Four new green microalgae were isolated in southern Taiwan. All four species are members of the genus Desmodesmus under the family Scenedesmaceae based on molecular and morphological analyses. Two of the four species survived at 45 °C for 24 h, with 5-13% of mortality rates caused by the heat. Total lipid contents of the two species reached over 50% in dry biomass under nitrogen starvation, and their triacylglycerols constituted around 75% of the total lipids. Thus the two species are good potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. Oil accumulation in the four species positively correlates with their photosystem II efficiencies during stress treatments (R2=0.90). This finding further supports that photosynthesis is essential for oil body formation under nitrogen starvation in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Pan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
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85
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From photons to biomass and biofuels: evaluation of different strategies for the improvement of algal biotechnology based on comparative energy balances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:909-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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86
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Matsuda Y. Inorganic carbon utilization by aquatic photoautotrophs and potential usages of algal primary production. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 109:1-5. [PMID: 21909712 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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87
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Salih FM. Microalgae Tolerance to High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2011.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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