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Xu L, Zhu Z, Sun DW. Bioinspired Nanomodification Strategies: Moving from Chemical-Based Agrosystems to Sustainable Agriculture. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12655-12686. [PMID: 34346204 PMCID: PMC8397433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals have supported the development of the agricultural economy and national population over the past century. However, excessive applications of agrochemicals pose threats to the environment and human health. In the last decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been a hot topic in many fields, especially in agriculture, because of their physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, the prevalent methods for fabricating NPs are uneconomical and involve toxic reagents, hindering their extensive applications in the agricultural sector. In contrast, inspired by biological exemplifications from microbes and plants, their extract and biomass can act as a reducing and capping agent to form NPs without any toxic reagents. NPs synthesized through these bioinspired routes are cost-effective, ecofriendly, and high performing. With the development of nanotechnology, biosynthetic NPs (bioNPs) have been proven to be a substitute strategy for agrochemicals and traditional NPs in heavy-metal remediation of soil, promotion of plant growth, and management of plant disease with less toxicity and higher performance. Therefore, bioinspired synthesis of NPs will be an inevitable trend for sustainable development in agricultural fields. This critical review will demonstrate the bioinspired synthesis of NPs and discuss the influence of bioNPs on agricultural soil, crop growth, and crop diseases compared to chemical NPs or agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School
of Food Science and Engineering, South China
University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Academy
of Contemporary Food Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering
and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent
Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province
Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment
for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher
Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School
of Food Science and Engineering, South China
University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Academy
of Contemporary Food Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering
and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent
Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province
Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment
for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher
Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School
of Food Science and Engineering, South China
University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Academy
of Contemporary Food Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering
and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent
Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province
Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment
for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher
Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Food
Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture
and Food Science Centre, University College
Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Al-Zahrani S, Astudillo-Calderón S, Pintos B, Pérez-Urria E, Manzanera JA, Martín L, Gomez-Garay A. Role of Synthetic Plant Extracts on the Production of Silver-Derived Nanoparticles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1671. [PMID: 34451715 PMCID: PMC8400420 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main antioxidants present in plant extracts-quercetin, β-carotene, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin and scopoletin-are able to synthesize silver nanoparticles when reacting with a Ag NO3 solution. The UV-visible absorption spectrum recorded with most of the antioxidants shows the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band of silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesised with ascorbic, hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, and gallic acids and scopoletin are spherical. Nanoparticles synthesised with quercetin are grouped together to form micellar structures. Nanoparticles synthesised by β-carotene, were triangular and polyhedral forms with truncated corners. Pentagonal nanoparticles were synthesized with catechin. We used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to check that the biomolecules coat the synthesised silver nanoparticles. X-ray powder diffractograms showed the presence of silver, AgO, Ag2O, Ag3O4 and Ag2O3. Rod-like structures were obtained with quercetin and gallic acid and cookie-like structures in the nanoparticles obtained with scopoletin, as a consequence of their reactivity with cyanide. This analysis explained the role played by the various agents responsible for the bio-reduction triggered by nanoparticle synthesis in their shape, size and activity. This will facilitate targeted synthesis and the application of biotechnological techniques to optimise the green synthesis of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Al-Zahrani
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Astudillo-Calderón
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
| | - Beatriz Pintos
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
| | - Elena Pérez-Urria
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
| | - José Antonio Manzanera
- Research Group FiVe-A, College of Forestry and Natural Environment, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luisa Martín
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
| | - Arancha Gomez-Garay
- Research Group FiVe-A, Plant Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.-Z.); (S.A.-C.); (B.P.); (E.P.-U.); (L.M.)
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Isolation and Optimization of Culture Conditions of Thraustochytrium kinnei for Biomass Production, Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the identification of a predominant thraustochytrid strain, the optimization of culture conditions, the synthesis of nanoparticles, and the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in biomass extracts and nanoparticles. Thraustochytrium kinnei was identified as a predominant strain from decomposing mangrove leaves, and its culture conditions were optimized for maximum biomass production of 13.53 g·L−1, with total lipids of 41.33% and DHA of 39.16% of total fatty acids. Furthermore, the strain was shown to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles in the size ranges of 10–85 nm and 5–90 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles exhibited higher total antioxidant and DPPH activities than gold nanoparticles and methanol extract of the strain. The silver nanoparticles showed higher antimicrobial activity than gold nanoparticles and petroleum ether extract of the strain. Thus, Thraustochytrium kinnei is proven to be promising for synthesis of silver nanoparticles with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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Mahmoud AED, Al-Qahtani KM, Alflaij SO, Al-Qahtani SF, Alsamhan FA. Green copper oxide nanoparticles for lead, nickel, and cadmium removal from contaminated water. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12547. [PMID: 34131155 PMCID: PMC8206336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally friendly copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared with a green synthesis route without using hazardous chemicals. Hence, the extracts of mint leaves and orange peels were utilized as reducing agents to synthesize CuO NPs-1 and CuO NPs-2, respectively. The synthesized CuO NPs nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), BET surface area, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Various parameters of batch experiments were considered for the removal of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) using the CuO NPs such as nanosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and initial metal concentration. The maximum uptake capacity (qm) of both CuO NPs-1 and CuO NPs-2 followed the order of Pb(II) > Ni(II) > Cd(II). The optimum qm of CuO NPs were 88.80, 54.90, and 15.60 mg g-1 for Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II), respectively and occurred at sorbent dose of 0.33 g L-1 and pH of 6. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data. Freundlich models (R2 > 0.97) and pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.96) were fitted well to the experimental data and the equilibrium of metal adsorption occurred within 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt. .,Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | | | - Sahab O Alflaij
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma F Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten A Alsamhan
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050929. [PMID: 34066925 PMCID: PMC8148548 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human's lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1-100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist's core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.
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Mahmoudi F, Mahmoudi F, Gollo KH, Amini MM. Biosynthesis of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss Extract and Comparison of their Antidiabetic Activity with Chemical Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1967-1978. [PMID: 32749577 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, silver nanoparticles (1) were synthesized by green method using Eryngium campestre Boiss aqueous extract and silver nanoparticles (2) were synthesized with chemical method. The silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) were characterized with FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM analyses. The effects of silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) were investigated on glucose, hematology, and blood biochemical parameters in alloxan- induced diabetes type 1 model rats. Diabetic or intact rats received intraperitoneal injection of saline or 2.5 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) for 14 consecutive days. Hematological parameters and serum concentration of FBS, HbA1C, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, albumin, creatinine, and urea were determined. Interestingly, silver NPs (1) or (2) did not exert toxic influences on hematological parameters and liver and kidney function in intact rats. Both silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) exert hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats. They did not alter urea, creatinine, and hematological parameters except white blood cell (WBC) count in diabetic rats. Silver nanoparticles (1) decreased significantly liver enzyme levels including ALT and AST of diabetic rats. However silver nanoparticles (2) could not suppress the increased levels of liver enzymes in diabetic rats. In comparison with silver nanoparticles (2), the silver nanoparticles (1) are more protective than the same dose of silver nanoparticles (2) in the regulation and improving the liver function in diabetic rats. Also, silver nanoparticles (1) may exert protective effects on liver damage of diabetic rats rather than kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mahmoudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619913131, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Haghighat Gollo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619913131, Iran
| | - Mostafa M Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
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57
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Nano-Silver Particles Reduce Contaminations in Tissue Culture but Decrease Regeneration Rate and Slows Down Growth and Development of Aldrovanda vesiculosa Explants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldrovanda vesiculosa is a carnivorous water plant which is endangered by extinction worldwide. The number of natural stands and populations has decreased; therefore, there is a need for its active protection. The best method would be an in vitro culture. One of the main problems is disinfection of the explants. Therefore, it was decided that we should treat the explants with nano-silver particles. The explants were shoot fragments which were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and then placed in a liquid 1/5 MS medium, supplemented with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at a concentration of 5 mg·dm−3. It was observed that AgNPs reduced the number of contaminations but also led to necrosis of the shoots. The shoots, which undertook regeneration in presence of AgNPs, were smaller and did not form traps; however, after being moved to fresh media twice, they started to develop normal leaves. Taking into consideration both disinfection and regeneration rates, it might be advisable to disinfect aldrovanda shoots in sodium hypochlorite only, without AgNPs. The results of the research might indicate a toxic activity of AgNPs towards water plants, which seems a big problem, as nanoparticles are commonly used in all the fields of life. However, the matter should be studied further.
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58
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Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles Based Phytolectin Scaffolds Inhibit Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Causing Candida albicans. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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59
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Abdelmeguid NE, Al-Zaban MI, Baz L, Bin-Meferij MM. Lichens-A Potential Source for Nanoparticles Fabrication: A Review on Nanoparticles Biosynthesis and Their Prospective Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:291. [PMID: 33921411 PMCID: PMC8069866 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a safe, eco-friendly, and relatively inexpensive alternative to conventional routes of NPs production. These methods require natural resources such as cyanobacteria, algae, plants, fungi, lichens, and naturally extracted biomolecules such as pigments, vitamins, polysaccharides, proteins, and enzymes to reduce bulk materials (the target metal salts) into a nanoscale product. Synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs) using lichen extracts is a promising eco-friendly, simple, low-cost biological synthesis process. Lichens are groups of organisms including multiple types of fungi and algae that live in symbiosis. Until now, the fabrication of NPs using lichens has remained largely unexplored, although the role of lichens as natural factories for synthesizing NPs has been reported. Lichens have a potential reducible activity to fabricate different types of NMs, including metal and metal oxide NPs and bimetallic alloys and nanocomposites. These NPs exhibit promising catalytic and antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. To the best of our knowledge, this review provides, for the first time, an overview of the main published studies concerning the use of lichen for nanofabrication and the applications of these NMs in different sectors. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of biosynthesis are discussed, together with the various optimization factors influencing the biological synthesis and toxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt; (R.S.H.); (N.E.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia;
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nabila Elsayed Abdelmeguid
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt; (R.S.H.); (N.E.A.)
| | - Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Mohammed Bin-Meferij
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia;
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Pandhi S, Mahato DK, Kumar A. Overview of Green Nanofabrication Technologies for Food Quality and Safety Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1904254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fabricating Antibacterial and Antioxidant Electrospun Hydrophilic Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Loaded with AgNPs by Lignin-Induced In-Situ Method. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050748. [PMID: 33670863 PMCID: PMC7957607 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerning the environmental hazards owing to the chemical-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), this study aimed to investigate the possibility of synthesizing AgNPs on the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers utilizing biomacromolecule lignin. SEM observations revealed that the average diameters of the produced nanofibers were slightly increased from ~512 nm to ~673 nm due to several factors like-swellings that happened during the salt treatment process, surface-bound lignin, and the presence of AgNPs. The presence of AgNPs was validated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The amount of synthesized AgNPs on PAN nanofibers was found to be dependent on both precursor silver salt and reductant lignin concentration. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra confirm the presence of lignin on PAN nanofibers. Although the X-ray diffraction pattern did not show any AgNPs band, the reduced intensity of the stabilized PAN characteristics bands at 2θ = 17.28° and 29.38° demonstrated some misalignment of PAN polymeric chains. The water contact angle (WCA) of hydrophobic PAN nanofibers was reduced from 112.6 ± 4.16° to 21.4 ± 5.03° for the maximum AgNPs coated specimen. The prepared membranes exhibited low thermal stability and good swelling capacity up to 20.1 ± 0.92 g/g and 18.05 ± 0.68 g/g in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. Coated lignin imparts antioxidant activity up to 78.37 ± 0.12% at 12 h of incubation. The resultant nanofibrous membranes showed a proportional increase in antibacterial efficacy with the rise in AgNPs loading against both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacterial strains by disc diffusion test (AATCC 147-1998). Halos for maximum AgNPs loading was calculated to 18.89 ± 0.15 mm for S. aureus and 21.38 ± 0.17 mm for E. coli. An initial burst release of silver elements within 24 h was observed in the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) test, and the release amounts were proportionally expansive with the increase in Ag contents. Our results demonstrated that such types of composite nanofibers have a strong potential to be used in biomedicine.
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Tripathi D, Rai KK, Pandey-Rai S. Impact of green synthesized WcAgNPs on in-vitro plant regeneration and withanolides production by inducing key biosynthetic genes in Withania coagulans. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:283-299. [PMID: 33151379 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Withania coagulans (L.) Dunal bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (WcAgNPs) worked as an abiotic elicitor or auto-catalyst that enhanced root regeneration and withanolides production in in-vitro regenerated W. coagulans. Rapid development in the production / consumption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raised serious concern over its effects on the growth of natural plant community. The knowledge related to impact of AgNPs on plant growth and biocompatibility is increasing day by day, but comprehensive mechanism and gaps regarding their impacts on plant health have yet to be addressed. In the present study, we investigated the impact of Withania coagulans biosynthesized AgNPs (WcAgNPs) on in-vitro plant growth and withanolides production. Obtained results showed that the low concentrations of WcAgNPs significantly induced the plant growth by regulating oxidative stress via anti-oxidative defense system. Physiological, morphology and anatomical features also reflected healthy plant growth under low WcAgNPs exposure. While higher concentrations of WcAgNPs have a negative impact on W. coagulans plant growth due to induced lipid peroxidation, ROS accumulation, and root cell death. At lower concentrations, WcAgNPs have shown a positive effect on in-planta withanolides biosynthesis stimulating withanolide A and withaferin A up to 11.15-22.8-fold, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of withanolides biosynthetic genes were also quantified upon WcAgNPs exposure and terpenes biosynthetic genes showed over-expression. Thus, the present study concludes that the lower concentrations of WcAgNPs positively induced plant growth via improved root organogenesis and also have potential to act as an elicitor for withanolides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Tripathi
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Pandey-Rai
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Alex A V, Deosarkar T, N C, Mukherjee A. An ultra-sensitive and selective AChE based colorimetric detection of malathion using silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide (Ag-GO) nanocomposite. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1142:73-83. [PMID: 33280706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose rapid, precise acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition-based sensing strategy for malathion detection in the presence of Ag-GO and acetylthiocholine (ATCh). The biosensing method was developed with a nanocomposite of citrate stabilized AgNPs anchored on the GO sheets (Ag-GO). The physical and chemical properties of the prepared Ag-GO composite were analyzed with various characterization techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, XPS, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and HR-TEM. The positively charged thiocholine (TCh) produced by enzyme hydrolysis triggers the AgNPs aggregation on GO sheets, which ultimately decreases the intensity of the corresponding SPR absorption peak. While the addition of malathion into the sensing system hindered the AChE activity and limited the TCh production, and thus inhibits the decrease in the SPR band intensity. The designed sensing system displayed linearity in the broad range of malathion concentrations (0.01 pM-1000 pM) with a limit of detection and the limit of quantification values of 0.01 pM, and 0.035 pM, respectively. The application of the designed biosensing system was extended to determine the malathion in actual samples namely, tap water, agricultural runoff water, lake water, and grape extract, which resulted in almost 100% recovery rates in all the spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinotha Alex A
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Tushar Deosarkar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Chandrasekaran N
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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64
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Zhang H, Chen S, Jia X, Huang Y, Ji R, Zhao L. Comparation of the phytotoxicity between chemically and green synthesized silver nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142264. [PMID: 33207511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using plants extracts has provided an eco-friendly alternation for industry and agriculture application. Here, we prepared Ag NPs by using the cucumber leaves and rice husk extracts, and further assessed the antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of green synthesized Ag NPs (g-Ag NPs) comparing with chemically synthesized Ag NPs (chem-Ag NPs). The chem-Ag NPs had strong antibacterial activity on the growth of Escherichia coli, while g-Ag NPs by rice husks (gr-Ag NPs) exhibited long-term antibacterial effects. In terms of phytotoxicity, the chem-Ag NPs induced over-generation of ROS and activated plant antioxidant defense systems, thus resulting in the upregulation of MDA and Zn contents and downregulation of antioxidant capacity, carotenoid, globulin and Mo contents. However, g-Ag NPs significantly promoted cucumber photosynthesis by increasing chlorophyll contents. Besides, the green synthesized Ag NPs by cucumber extracts (gc-Ag NPs) increased protein contents and gr-Ag NPs stimulated the upregulation of Mn and the downregulation of Al, which were all positive effects. Overall, compared with chem-Ag NPs, g-Ag NPs exhibited long-tern antimicrobial properties and attenuated toxicity to plants, which could be used as potential nanopesticide or nanoscale growth regulator in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Alghuthaymi MA, C. R, P. R, Kalia A, Bhardwaj K, Bhardwaj P, Abd-Elsalam KA, Valis M, Kuca K. Nanohybrid Antifungals for Control of Plant Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 33450851 PMCID: PMC7828323 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing climatic conditions have led to the concurrent emergence of virulent microbial pathogens that attack crop plants and exhibit yield and quality deterring impacts on the affected crop. To counteract, the widespread infections of fungal pathogens and post-harvest diseases it is highly warranted to develop sustainable techniques and tools bypassing traditional agriculture practices. Nanotechnology offers a solution to the problems in disease management in a simple lucid way. These technologies are revolutionizing the scientific/industrial sectors. Likewise, in agriculture, the nano-based tools are of great promise particularly for the development of potent formulations ensuring proper delivery of agrochemicals, nutrients, pesticides/insecticides, and even growth regulators for enhanced use efficiency. The development of novel nanocomposites for improved management of fungal diseases can mitigate the emergence of resilient and persistent fungal pathogens and the loss of crop produce due to diseases they cause. Therefore, in this review, we collectively manifest the role of nanocomposites for the management of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajkuberan C.
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India; (R.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rajiv P.
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India; (R.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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66
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Paulkumar K, Jesi Reeta T, Emmanuel Joshua Jebasingh S, Mangalanagasundari S, Muthu K, Murugan K. Potential utilization of zinc nanoparticles for wastewater treatment. AQUANANOTECHNOLOGY 2021:437-466. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821141-0.00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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67
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Maity S, Adhikari M, Banerjee S, Guchhait R, Chatterjee A, Pramanick K. Critical analysis of biophysicochemical parameters for qualitative improvement of phytogenic nanoparticles. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3114. [PMID: 33345468 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conventional chemical approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) may restrict their applicability as they are not eco-friendly, energetically efficient and often involve toxic reducing/capping agents; but phytonanotechnology enabled the synthesis of safe, inexpensive, highly biocompatible NPs. In this regard, thorough understanding of green components and the modulatory effects of different reaction conditions on the physicochemical parameters of green synthesized NPs would be a prerequisite, which is not depicted elsewhere. This review critically analyzes the relevant reaction conditions from their mechanistic viewpoints in plant-based synthesis of NPs arising fundamental issues which need to be determined carefully. The size, stability and surface chemistry of phytogenic NPs may be fabricated as a function of multiple interconnected reaction parameters and the plant species used. The therapeutic potential of phytogenic NPs may depend on the plant species used; and so the meticulous understanding of physicochemical parameters and the family wise shorting of elite plant species may potentially benefit the theranostic future of plant-based NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Maity
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Adhikari
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Guchhait
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankit Chatterjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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68
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Mycosinthetized Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles from a promising Trichoderma harzianum strain and their antifungal potential against important phytopathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20499. [PMID: 33235262 PMCID: PMC7687894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal green biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising eco-friendly method for mass-scale production. In the present study Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were biogenically synthetized using a cell filtrate of a strain of Trichoderma harzianum as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of the NPs were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, wide angle X-ray scattering and thermogravimetric analysis. Since nanotechnology could offer promising applications in agricultural area, we evaluated the ability of the NPs to reduce the growth of important fungal phytopathogens as Alternaria alternata, Pyricularia oryzae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Silver and CuO NPs reduced significantly the mycelial growth of A. alternata and P. oryzae in a dose dependent manner. This is the first report of a multiple extracellular biosynthesis of NPs from T. harzianum and the first time that CuO and ZnO NPs were obtained from this fungus. In addition, we highlighted the rapid production of NPs, as well as, the potential of Ag and CuO for the control of phytopathogens. On the other hand, the three types of NPs could be easily and sustainably produced on a large scale with the chance of having multiple applications in biotechnological processes.
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69
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Characterization of spherical Ag nanoparticles synthesized from the agricultural wastes of Garcinia mangostana and Nephelium lappaceum and their applications as a photo catalyzer and fluorescence quencher. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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70
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Chand K, Cao D, Fouad DE, Shah AH, Lakhan MN, Dayo AQ, Sagar HJ, Zhu K, Mohamed AMA. Photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A comparative study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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71
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Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Procyanidin Capped Silver Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030066. [PMID: 32961705 PMCID: PMC7564108 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, procyanidin dimers and Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. AgNPs of about 2–7 nm were obtained. DLS and stability evaluations confirmed that the AgNPs/procyanidins conjugates were stable. The formed nanoparticles exhibited good inhibitory activities against the two enzymes studied. The IC50 values against the amylase enzyme were 14.92 ± 1.0, 13.24 ± 0.2, and 19.13 ± 0.8 µg/mL for AgNPs coordinated with LSTE, F1, and F2, respectively. The corresponding values for the glucosidase enzyme were 21.48 ± 0.9, 18.76 ± 1.0, and 8.75 ± 0.7 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities were comparable to those of the intact fractions. The AgNPs also demonstrated bacterial inhibitory activities against six bacterial species. While the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of F1-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were 31.25 and 15.63 µg/mL respectively, those of LSTE-AgNPs and F2-AgNPs against these organisms were both 62.50 µg/mL. The F1-AgNPs demonstrated a better bactericidal effect and may be useful in food packaging. This research also showed the involvement of the procyanidins as reducing and capping agents in the formation of stable AgNPs with potential biological applications.
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72
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Castillo-Henríquez L, Alfaro-Aguilar K, Ugalde-Álvarez J, Vega-Fernández L, Montes de Oca-Vásquez G, Vega-Baudrit JR. Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles from Plant Extracts and Their Possible Applications as Antimicrobial Agents in the Agricultural Area. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1763. [PMID: 32906575 PMCID: PMC7558319 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, metal nanoparticles have varied uses for different medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Nanobiotechnology, combined with green chemistry, has great potential for the development of novel and necessary products that benefit human health, environment, and industries. Green chemistry has an important role due to its contribution to unconventional synthesis methods of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts, which have exhibited antimicrobial potential, among other outstanding properties. Biodiversity-rich countries need to collect and convert knowledge from biological resources into processes, compounds, methods, and tools, which need to be achieved along with sustainable use and exploitation of biological diversity. Therefore, this paper describes the relevant reported green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts and their capacity as antimicrobial agents within the agricultural field for fighting against bacterial and fungal pathogens that can cause plant, waterborne, and foodborne diseases. Moreover, this work makes a brief review of nanoparticles' contribution to water treatment and the development of "environmentally-friendly" nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanoherbicides, as well as presenting the harmful effects of nanoparticles accumulation in plants and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo-Henríquez
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (L.C.-H.); (J.U.-Á.); (G.M.d.O.-V.)
| | - Karla Alfaro-Aguilar
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (K.A.-A.); (L.V.-F.)
| | - Jeisson Ugalde-Álvarez
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (L.C.-H.); (J.U.-Á.); (G.M.d.O.-V.)
| | - Laura Vega-Fernández
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (K.A.-A.); (L.V.-F.)
| | - Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (L.C.-H.); (J.U.-Á.); (G.M.d.O.-V.)
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (L.C.-H.); (J.U.-Á.); (G.M.d.O.-V.)
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (K.A.-A.); (L.V.-F.)
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Das B, De A, Podder S, Das S, Ghosh CK, Samanta A. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Dregea volubilis flowers: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial activity. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1814331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab De
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumik Podder
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpa Das
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Ghosh
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Low-cost green recyclable biomaterial for energy-dependent electrical switching and intact biofilm with antibacterial properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14600. [PMID: 32884095 PMCID: PMC7471284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly cost-effective recycled biomaterial extracted from lime peel has been made biocompatible and has been coated on a commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate of glass using the spin coating method. Structural, morphologic, electronic, and antibacterial measurements were thoroughly characterized as a green biomaterial thin film using X-rays (XRD), PL, FTIR, Raman, SEM, HRTEM, AFM, I–V, and antibacterial diffusion techniques. The comprehensive analysis of structures of recyclable waste in the form of lime peel extract (LPE) as thin films showed the crystalline cellulose structure that corresponds to the lattice fringe (0.342 nm) exposed by HRTEM. The K+1 interstitial active sites or vacancies in LPE/FTO thin films are confirmed by the PL spectra that show important evidence about conduction mechanisms, and hence facilitates Ag+1 ion migration from the top to the bottom electrode. The AFM investigations revealed the minor surface roughness (169.61 nm) of the LPE/FTO film, which controls the current leakage that is associated with surface defects. The designed memory cell (Ag/LPE/FTO) exhibits stable, reproducible electrical switching under low operational voltage and is equipped with excellent retention over 5 × 103 s. Furthermore, owing to presence of flavonoids and their superior antioxidant nature, lime peel extract powder shows tremendous antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
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75
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) -induced antioxidants and photocatalytic degradation activity from hybrid grape pulp extract (HGPE). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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76
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Liu P, Teng M, Han C. How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?: The mediating role of environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138126. [PMID: 32361356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores how general environmental knowledge shapes environmental attitudes, behavioral intentions, and pro-environmental behaviors in relation to the surrounding environment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping estimation was conducted to assess a causal chain from environmental knowledge to pro-environmental behaviors with a nationally representative sample of 2824 respondents from China. The results show that environmental knowledge has a significant positive effect on environmental attitudes, environmental attitudes have a significant positive effect on environmental behavioral intentions and pro-environmental behaviors, and environmental behavioral intentions have a significant positive effect on pro-environmental behaviors. We also concluded that although environmental knowledge has no significant direct effects on pro-environmental behaviors, it is a crucial distal variable whose significant effect is fully mediated by environmental attitudes and environmental behavioral intentions. The results of the multigroup SEM showed that the moderating effect of external context on the relationship between environmental behavioral intentions and pro-environmental behaviors and various demographic variables (e.g., gender, urban vs. rural residence, education level, and region) have diverse effects on the model in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pihui Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minmin Teng
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chuanfeng Han
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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77
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Alinezhad H, Pakzad K. Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with an Extract of Euphorbia maculata and Their Use in the Biginelli Reaction. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1764819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Pakzad
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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78
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Nagra U, Shabbir M, Zaman M, Mahmood A, Barkat K. Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5188-5204. [PMID: 32473619 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200531150218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Nagra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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79
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Moradi F, Sedaghat S, Moradi O, Arab Salmanabadi S. Review on green nano-biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological activities: with an emphasis on medicinal plants. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1769662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran
| | - Sajjad Sedaghat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran
| | - Samira Arab Salmanabadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran
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80
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Synthesis and antibacterial study of 2-amino-4H-pyrans and pyrans annulated heterocycles catalyzed by sulfated polysaccharide-coated BaFe12O19 nanoparticles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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81
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Tripathy S, Rademan S, Matsabisa MG. Effects of Silver Nanoparticle from Dicoma anomala Sond. Root Extract on MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line and NF54 Parasite Strain: an In Vitro Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:82-94. [PMID: 31309447 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) continue captivating researchers in biomedicine field of research. Dicoma anomala Sond. plant, locally known as hloenya, hlonya, maagbossie, inyongwana, is widely recommended by South African traditional health practitioners (THPs) to treat against different health issues. The antiplasmodial effects of novel sesquiterpene molecules (C30H36O7; MW: 509.25) isolated from D. anomala Sond. have been reported by us (Patent US 8,586,112 B2). The aim of the study was to determine the anticancer activity of AgNPs synthesized using D. anomala plant root extract and the antiparasitic potency of AgNP-conjugated sesquiterpene. Nanoparticles have been characterized using different methods. Anticancer activity of AgNPs was evaluated against the MCF-7. This study also revealed that the AgNP-conjugated sesquiterpene has shown better antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain. One-pot synthesized AgNPs using Dicoma anomala Sond. root extract caused oxidative damage in breast cancer cells. These findings indicate the need for more in-depth research in the use of the AgNPs and sesquiterpene for development into potential leads as an antimalarial candidates and to improve the bioavailability of these sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Sunelle Rademan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa.
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82
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Tăbăran AF, Matea CT, Mocan T, Tăbăran A, Mihaiu M, Iancu C, Mocan L. Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2231-2258. [PMID: 32280217 PMCID: PMC7127828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid emergence of aggressive, multidrug-resistant Mycobacteria strain represents the main cause of the current antimycobacterial-drug crisis and status of tuberculosis (TB) as a major global health problem. The relatively low-output of newly approved antibiotics contributes to the current orientation of research towards alternative antibacterial molecules such as advanced materials. Nanotechnology and nanoparticle research offers several exciting new-concepts and strategies which may prove to be valuable tools in improving the TB therapy. A new paradigm in antituberculous therapy using silver nanoparticles has the potential to overcome the medical limitations imposed in TB treatment by the drug resistance which is commonly reported for most of the current organic antibiotics. There is no doubt that AgNPs are promising future therapeutics for the medication of mycobacterial-induced diseases but the viability of this complementary strategy depends on overcoming several critical therapeutic issues as, poor delivery, variable intramacrophagic antimycobacterial efficiency, and residual toxicity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the pathology of mycobacterial-induced diseases, andhighlight the advantages and limitations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Flaviu Tăbăran
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Tudor Matea
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tăbăran
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Iancu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Third Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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83
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Li X, Zhan Y, Su L, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang L, Zhen G, Han Z, Chai X. Sequestration of Sulphide from Biogas by thermal-treated iron nanoparticles synthesized using tea polyphenols. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:741-750. [PMID: 30092715 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1509891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dark tea-iron nanoparticles (DT-Fe NPs) were prepared using extracts of dark tea leaves as a reducing agent, and further underwent thermal treatment in air. The H2S removal performances of thermal-treated DT-Fe NPs for biogas were further evaluated using a custom-designed fixed-bed reactor (reaction temperature of 250°C, H2S content of 1%). Significant morphology and chemical composition differences were observed when DT-Fe NPs were treated at different temperatures (300-800oC). X-ray diffractometer analysis revealed that a phase transition from γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 occurred under heat treatment. When the thermal treatment temperature was 300°C, only α-Fe2O3 was detected. Both α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 were present in the sample treated at 400°C. When the thermal treatment temperature was 500-800°C, γ-Fe2O3 in the sample was completely converted to α-Fe2O3. The H2S removal capacity is 14.72 mg H2S/g for DT-Fe NPs without treatment. However, the value increased significantly to 408.30 mg H2S/g after 400°C thermal treatment, which can be explained by the formation of highly active γ-Fe2O3. The reaction product of thermal-treated DT-Fe NPs at 400°C and H2S were further characterized by X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that it is composed of FeS2 and FeS, in which 72.6% of the sulphur existed as disulphide and 27.4% as monosulphide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Zhan
- Jiangsu Taihu Planning and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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84
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Green Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44176-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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85
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Manjari G, Parthiban A, Saran S. Sustainable Utilization of Molasses Towards Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Heavy Metal Sensing and Catalytic Applications. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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86
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Mathivanan K, Selva R, Chandirika JU, Govindarajan R, Srinivasan R, Annadurai G, Duc PA. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria: Synthesis, calcination and characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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87
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Jiang X, Zhao C, Fan X, Wu G. Gold Biomineralization on Bacterial Biofilms for Leaching of Au 3+ Damages Eukaryotic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16667-16673. [PMID: 31616849 PMCID: PMC6788037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals not only pollute the environment but also are health and environmental hazard. Bacteria constitute inexpensive and eco-friendly material to eliminate and recycle heavy metals via biomineralization and biosorption. However, the effect of metal biomineralization in bacterial biofilms on the ecological balance of bacteria and infectious diseases is unclear. This study aimed to explore the interaction between a eukaryotic cell line HEK293T and mineralized Escherichia coli, using a model of gold biomineralization on E. coli biofilms (E. coli-Au). In our present model, bacterial activity was not disrupted and bacterial adhesion and invasion were enhanced. E. coli-Au invaded the cytoplasm and nuclei of HEK293T cells and damaged them via intracellular growth and multiplication. The present findings indicate that metal biomineralization in bacterial biofilms for leaching of heavy metal ions is hazardous to eukaryotic cells and even human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Jiang
- Medical School
of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chenggui Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School
of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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88
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Chang CC, Li R. Agricultural waste. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1150-1167. [PMID: 31433884 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The management of agricultural waste has become very important because the inappropriate disposal yields negative effects on the environment. The resource recovery from agricultural waste which converts waste into available resources can reduce the waste and new resource consumption. This review summarizes the 2018 researches of over three hundred scholar papers from several aspects: agricultural waste, and, waste chemical characterization, agricultural waste material, adsorption, waste energy, composting, waste biogas, agricultural waste management, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Chi Chang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Engineering and Technical Services, DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rundong Li
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
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89
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Kavitha S, Schikaran M, Yukesh Kannah R, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. Nanoparticle induced biological disintegration: A new phase separated pretreatment strategy on microalgal biomass for profitable biomethane recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121624. [PMID: 31203180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study involves the application of new phase separated biological pretreatment (PSBP) strategy on microalgal biomass using the nickel nanoparticle induced cellulase secreting bacterial disintegration. Particularly, interest was focussed on cell wall weakening (CWW) of microalgae biomass besides the cell disintegration (CD) and release of organics. During CWW, protein, carbohydrate, cellulose, hemicellulose and DNA were used as evaluation indexes. Similarly, during CD, soluble chemical oxygen demand was used as evaluation index to assess the disintegration effect. A higher CWW was achieved at nickel nanoparticle (Np) dosage of 0.004 g/g SS. During CD, a clear demarcation in biomass solubilisation was achieved by PSBP (36%) than the sole biological pretreatment -BP (24%). The biomethanogenesis test results showed that enhanced methane production of 411 mL/g COD was achieved by PSBP than BP. Energy analysis showed that a higher net energy production of 6.467 GJ/d was achieved by PSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Schikaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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90
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Dogra V, Kaur G, Jindal S, Kumar R, Kumar S, Singhal NK. Bactericidal effects of metallosurfactants based cobalt oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:350-364. [PMID: 31117016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the fabrication of metallosurfactants derived cobalt oxide and hydroxide nanosuspensions (Ns) by microemulsion method and their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, genotoxic, antioxidant and cytostatic activity have been investigated. The methodology used is environmentally compliant as no external reducing agent was used. Three metallosurfactants i.e. CoCTAC (Bishexadecyltrimethylammonium cobalt tetrachloride), CoDDA (Bisdodecylamine cobalt dichloride) and CoHEXA (bishexadecylamine cobalt dichloride) were used. Co-metallosurfactants were synthesized, characterized and were utilized for the preparation of mixed microemulsion to yield nanosuspensions. Nanoparticles prepared were characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy and Zeta potential. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical, with size range 1-5 nm, for all the three precursors. Further, their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). To evaluate these activities, techniques such as gram staining method, agar well diffusion, and colony forming unit count (CFU) were utilized. From all these experiments it was confirmed that CoCTAC Ns has maximum antimicrobial activity against multiple medicine resistant S. aureus. Circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis also validated the vigorous genotoxic effect of CoCTAC Ns. The antimicrobial activity trend investigated from CFU experiment was CoCTAC Ns (2 × 105 CFU/mL) > CoDDA Ns (17 × 105 CFU/mL) > CoHEXA Ns (46.5 × 105 CFU/mL). FESEM authenticated the effect of Co Ns on the morphology of S. aureus. Cell shrinkage, formation of holes, change of morphology, and cell wall rupturing was observed for all three cases but most significant antibacterial activity was noted for the case of CoCTAC Ns. In addition, antiproliferative activity was also examined against HepG2 cells (human liver cancer cell line) and HEK293 cells (human embryonic kidney cell line). After 70% confluency of cells, cobalt oxide/hydroxide Ns were added by diluting the nanosuspension in 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8% V/V ratio to check the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Dogra
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Shiwani Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125 001, Haryana, India
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91
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Alinezhad H, Pakzad K. C‐S cross‐coupling reaction using novel and green synthesized CuO nanoparticles assisted by
Euphorbia maculata
extract. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Pakzad
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Mazandaran Babolsar 47416‐13534 Iran
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92
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Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of plant-mediated synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit peels extract. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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93
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Lee B, Lee MJ, Yun SJ, Kim K, Choi IH, Park S. Silver nanoparticles induce reactive oxygen species-mediated cell cycle delay and synergistic cytotoxicity with 3-bromopyruvate in Candida albicans, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4801-4816. [PMID: 31308659 PMCID: PMC6613462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s205736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inhibit the proliferation of various fungi; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. To better understand the inhibitory mechanisms, we focused on the early events elicited by 5 nm AgNPs in pathogenic Candida albicans and non-pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: The effect of 5 nm and 100 nm AgNPs on fungus cell proliferation was analyzed by growth kinetics monitoring and spot assay. We examined cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death using flow cytometry. Glucose uptake was assessed using tritium-labeled 2-deoxyglucose. Results: The growth of both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae was suppressed by treatment with 5 nm AgNPs but not with 100 nm AgNPs. In addition, 5 nm AgNPs induced cell cycle arrest and a reduction in glucose uptake in both fungi after 30 minutes of culture in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). However, in C. albicans only, an increase in ROS production was detected after exposure to 5 nm AgNPs. Concordantly, an ROS scavenger blocked the effect of 5 nm AgNPs on the cell cycle and glucose uptake in C. albicans only. Furthermore, the growth-inhibition effect of 5 nm AgNPs was not greater in S. cerevisiae mutant strains deficient in oxidative stress response genes than it was in wild type. Finally, 5 nm AgNPs together with a glycolysis inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate, synergistically enhanced cell death in C. albicans (P<0.05) but not in S. cerevisiae. Conclusion: AgNPs exhibit antifungal activity in a manner that may or may not be ROS dependent, according to the fungal species. The combination of AgNPs with 3-bromopyruvate may be more useful against infection with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Yun
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 442-749, Republic of Korea
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94
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Santiago TR, Bonatto CC, Rossato M, Lopes CAP, Lopes CA, G Mizubuti ES, Silva LP. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tomato leaf extract and their entrapment in chitosan nanoparticles to control bacterial wilt. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4248-4259. [PMID: 30801730 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), particularly those entrapped in polymeric nanosystems, have arisen as options for managing plant bacterial diseases. Among the biopolymers useful for the entrapment of AgNPs, chitosan is promising because of its low cost, good biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties and biodegradability. The present study aimed: (i) to greenly-synthesize AgNPs using different concentrations of aqueous extract of tomato leaves followed by entrapment of AgNPs with chitosan (CH-AgNPs); (ii) to characterize the optical, structural and biological properties of the nanosystems produced; (iii) to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs and nanomaterials; and (iv) to assess the effectiveness of AgNPs and nanomaterials for controlling tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. RESULTS Spherical and oval AgNPs had incipient colloidal instability, although the concentration of the tomato leaf extract influenced both size (< 87 nm) and the polydispersity index. Nanomaterials (< 271 nm in size) were characterized by a highly stable matrix of chitosan containing polydisperse AgNPs. Free AgNPs and CH-AgNPs were stable for up to 30 days, with no significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. The AgNPs and nanomaterials had antibacterial activity and decreased bacterial growth at micromolar concentrations after 48 h. Morphological changes in R. solanacearum cells were observed after treatment with CH-AgNPs. The application of CH-AgNPs at 256 µmol L-1 reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt in a partially resistant tomato genotype but not in the susceptible line. CONCLUSION Greenly-synthesized chitosan-derived nanomaterials containing AgNPs produced with leaf extracts from their own species appear to comprise a promising and sustainable alternative in an integrated management approach aiming to reduce the yield losses caused by bacterial wilt. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís R Santiago
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Cínthia C Bonatto
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pesquisa Aplicada, TecSinapse, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Rossato
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A P Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Lopes
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano P Silva
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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95
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Xu C, Qiao L, Ma L, Guo Y, Dou X, Yan S, Zhang B, Roman A. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4491-4502. [PMID: 31417254 PMCID: PMC6593357 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s199193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium (Se) can exert antioxidative activity and prevent the body from experiencing oxidative injury. Biogenic Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by probiotics possess relatively strong chemical stability, high bioavailability, and low toxicity, this makes them potential Se supplements. Previously, we demonstrated that SeNPs synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 can alleviate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human and porcine intestinal epithelial cells' oxidative damage. However, the antioxidant mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The possible antioxidant mechanism and protective effect of SeNPs on intestinal epithelial permeability and mitochondrial function were evaluated by establishing an H2O2-induced oxidative damage model of human colon mucosal epithelial cells (NCM460) and conducting Nrf2 inhibitor interference experiments. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial DNA content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ROS, and protein expression levels of Nrf2-related genes were determined. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Results: An amount of 4 μg Se/mL of SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 alleviated increase of ROS, reduced ATP and MMP, and maintained intestinal epithelial permeability in NCM460 cells challenged by H2O2. In addition, SeNPs improved the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Moreover, SeNPs attenuated the damage of mitochondrial ultrastructure caused by oxidative stress. Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) abolished the regulatory effect of SeNPs on intracellular ROS production. Conclusion: Data suggest that biogenic SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier function against oxidative damage by alleviating ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction via Nrf2 signaling pathway. Biogenic SeNPs are an attractive candidate for potential Se supplement agent in preventing oxidative stress-related intestinal disease by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandra Roman
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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96
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Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Cho SK, Ghodake G, Kadam A, Kumar S, Mulla SI, Kim DS, Jeon BH, Chang JS, Shin HS. Phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles by Acacia nilotica leaves: Investigating their antineoplastic, free radical scavenging potential and application in H2O2 sensing. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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97
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Zhang H, Jacob JA, Jiang Z, Xu S, Sun K, Zhong Z, Varadharaju N, Shanmugam A. Hepatoprotective effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3517-3524. [PMID: 31190808 PMCID: PMC6535432 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver plays a vital role in the elimination of xenobiotics that can induce hepatotoxicity in living organisms.Silver nanoparticles have evolved recently as an alternative in various industries and are used for their biomedical applications.Rhizophora apiculata is a least studied mangrove-based plant that has been used in the traditional medicine of Southeast Asia for its healing properties. It is a well-known fact that the generation of free radicals has been associated with oxidative stress. Methods: Hence, in this study we used carbon tetrachloride as a hepatotoxin to induce liver damage. The protective effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Rhizophora apiculata on hepatotoxin-induced liver damage in experimental mice were assessed. Results: The results of the assessment indicate that silver nanoparticles were effective in protecting the liver from damages induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: Among existing literature, this is the first ever approach for hepatoprotective effect of nanoparticles derived using plant extract from mangrove ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Joe Antony Jacob
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nithya Varadharaju
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Achiraman Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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98
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Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Ghodake G, Cho SK, Kadam A, Kumar G, Jeon BH, Pant D, Bhatnagar A, Shin HS. Wheat straw extracted lignin in silver nanoparticles synthesis: Expanding its prophecy towards antineoplastic potency and hydrogen peroxide sensing ability. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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99
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Aman N, Rauf K, Khan SA, Tokhi A, Rehman NU, Yameen MA. Effect of commercial and green synthesized ZnO NPs in murine model of chloroquine-induced pruritus. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3103-3110. [PMID: 31118625 PMCID: PMC6503187 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s202256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on chloroquine (CQ)-induced itching, and overall behavior of mice after oral administration of ZnO NPs of various sizes and doses. Background: With the wide-spread use of ZnO NPs in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, concerns about their safety and toxicity are also increasing. Multiple aspects of ZnO NPs regarding cytotoxicity and tolerability are under investigation globally. Still, a clear conclusion about their safety has not been reached. Chloroquine phosphate is an antimalarial with known side effects of itching in humans and animals. In this study, CQ was used to induce itching in mice, and the effects of ZnO NPs on scratching and other neurological behavior of mice were observed. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into eleven groups of six mice each. ZnO NPs of various sizes and doses were administered orally 1 hour before CQ (32 mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously. The effect of ZnO NPs on CQ-induced pruritus was observed for the next 30 minutes. Simultaneously, overall behavioral changes (socialization and locomotion) were also recorded using a video camera. Results: A significant reduction (P˂0.001) in scratching bouts was observed at all three doses of ZnO NPs (particle sizes 100, 30 nm, and green synthesized 30 nm). Locomotion was reduced significantly (P˂0.001) in ZnO NPs-treated groups in comparison to normal saline and CQ group, additionally, a significant increase in socialization (P˂0.05) was observed in ZnO NP-treated groups as compared to CQ group. Conclusion: ZnO NPs, instead of aggravating the dermatological condition, ameliorated the pruritus. All sizes of ZnO NPs used significantly improved socialization among mice and reduced locomotion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Aman
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Tokhi
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Naeem-Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfat Yameen
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
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100
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Huo D, Kim MJ, Lyu Z, Shi Y, Wiley BJ, Xia Y. One-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: From Colloidal Syntheses to Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8972-9073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yifeng Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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