51
|
Hepatitis C virus drives increased type I interferon-associated impairments associated with fibrosis severity in antiretroviral treatment-treated HIV-1-hepatitis C virus-coinfected individuals. AIDS 2017; 31:1223-1234. [PMID: 28492391 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral coinfections might contribute to the increased immune activation and inflammation that persist in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-treated HIV-1 patients. We investigated whether the hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection contributes to such alterations by impairing the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) IFNα/TLR7 pathway in a highly homogeneous group of ART-treated HIV-1-HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS Twenty-nine HIV-1-infected patients with fully suppressive ART were included, 15 of whom being HCV-coinfected with mild-to-moderate fibrosis and matched for their HIV-1 disease, and 13 control healthy donors. Cellular activation, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and pDC transcriptome associated with IFNα/TLR7 pathway were characterized. RESULTS Higher plasma levels of type-I interferon (IFN)-associated cytokines [interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), MIP-1β, IL-8 and IFN-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant) were observed in HIV-1-HCV-coinfected than in HIV-1-monoinfected patients (P = 0.0007, 0.028, 0.028 and 0.035, respectively). The pDCs and T cells displayed a more exhausted (LAG-3+ and CD57+, respectively) phenotype. The pDC IFNα pathway (defined by phosphorylated STAT1 expression) was constitutively activated in all patients, irrespective of HCV coinfection. Expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) EI2AK2, ISG15, Mx1 and IFI44 was increased in pDCs from HIV-1-HCV-coinfected individuals and was correlated with fibrosis score (Fibroscan, www.echosens.com, Paris, France and aspartate-aminotransferase/platelet-ratio index score, P = 0.026 and 0.019, respectively). Plasma levels of IP-10, STAT1 expression in pDCs and Mx1 mRNA levels in pDCs decreased after interferon-free anti-HCV treatment. CONCLUSION HCV replication appears to drive increases in type-I IFN-associated inflammation and ISGs expression in pDCs, in association with fibrosis severity in ART-treated HIV-1-infected patients with mild-to-moderate fibrosis. Preliminary results indicate reduction of these alterations with earlier interferon-free anti-HCV treatment in those patients.
Collapse
|
52
|
Kaczmarek DJ, Kokordelis P, Krämer B, Glässner A, Wolter F, Goeser F, Lutz P, Schwarze-Zander C, Boesecke C, Strassburg CP, Rockstroh JK, Spengler U, Nattermann J. Alterations of the NK cell pool in HIV/HCV co-infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174465. [PMID: 28380039 PMCID: PMC5381812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relevant proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients is co-infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV co-infection in HIV-positive patients is associated with faster progression of liver disease in comparison to HCV mono-infection. Natural killer (NK) cells critically modulate the natural course of HCV infection. Both HIV and HCV mono-infection are associated with alterations of the NK cell pool. However, little data is available concerning phenotype and function of NK cells in HIV/HCV co-infection. METHODS A total of 34 HIV/HCV co-infected, 35 HIV and 39 HCV mono-infected patients and 43 healthy control persons were enrolled into this study. All HIV-positive patients were under effective antiretroviral therapy. NK cell phenotype, IFN-γ production and degranulation were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS NK cell frequency in HIV/HCV co-infection was significantly lower than in healthy individuals but did not differ from HIV and HCV mono-infection. HIV/HCV co-infection was associated with significantly decreased expression of the maturation/differentiation markers CD27/62L/127 on NK cells but increased expression of CD57 compared to healthy controls. Of note, expression also differed significantly from HCV mono-infection but was similar to HIV mono-infection, suggesting a pronounced impact of HIV on these alterations. Similar findings were made with regard to the NK cell receptors NKG2A/C and NKp30. More importantly, NK cells in co-infection displayed a highly impaired functional activity with significantly lower IFN-γ production and degranulation than in healthy donors as well as HIV and HCV mono-infection, suggesting a synergistic effect of both viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with significant alterations of the NK cell pool, which might be involved in the rapid progression of liver disease in co-infected patients and which mainly reflect alterations observed in HIV mono-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik J. Kaczmarek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavlos Kokordelis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Glässner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Goeser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolynne Schwarze-Zander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen K. Rockstroh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV and Related Risk Factors amongst Male Homeless People in Lorestan Province, the West of Iran. J Res Health Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC7191015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Background: Homeless people are at a higher risk of blood-born infectious diseases. The aim of this
study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and related risk factors among male homeless
people.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study was conducted in Khorramabad City, western Iran from January to June 2015.
A pre-designed validated questionnaire was used to collect the data on behavioral and other potential
risk factors. Blood samples were taken in order to diagnose HIV, hepatitis B and C infections. The
prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, C and related risk factors was reported with a 95% confidence interval
(CI).
Results: The participants were 307 male homeless people with a mean (±SD) age of 35.86 (±9.62)
yr. The prevalence of HIV, HBs Ag, and HCV Ab positive cases was 6.51% (95% CI: 4.23, 9.90),
0.98% (95% CI: 0.31, 3.00), and 31.27% (26.31, 36.71), respectively. The prevalence of co-infections
of HIV and HCV Ab+ was 5.76% (95% CI: 1.34, 8.51). The most common recently used drugs were
heroin, methamphetamine, and opium with a prevalence of 44.30%, 41.04%, and 24.76%,
correspondingly.
Conclusions: According to this study, prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C among homeless people
was considerable. Abusing heroin, methamphetamine, and industrial drugs was also significant.
Considering the association between drug abuse, HIV, and hepatitis C infections, planning for effective
control and preventive interventions is important in homeless people.
Collapse
|
54
|
Veenhuis RT, Astemborski J, Chattergoon MA, Greenwood P, Jarosinski M, Moore RD, Mehta SH, Cox AL. Systemic Elevation of Proinflammatory Interleukin 18 in HIV/HCV Coinfection versus HIV or HCV Monoinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:589-596. [PMID: 27927859 PMCID: PMC5850551 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV/HCV coinfection and elevated interleukin (IL)-18 levels are both associated with enhanced progression of hepatic inflammation and increased risk of diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine made upon activation of the inflammasome, an innate sensing system. We assessed whether increased IL-18 could explain the increased incidence and progression of inflammatory conditions seen with HIV/HCV coinfection. METHODS Serum from 559 subjects with HIV monoinfection, HCV monoinfection, HIV/HCV coinfection, or people who inject drugs with neither infection was tested for IL-18 by ELISA and for 16 other analytes by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. IL-18 levels were measured in 14 additional chronically HCV infected subjects who developed incident HIV infection to determine if IL-18 increases with coinfection. RESULTS IL-18 was significantly elevated in coinfected individuals versus both monoinfections (p<0.0001) independent of age, sex, and race. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in HIV monoinfection than in HCV monoinfection. High IL-18 levels were correlated with detectable HIV viremia and inversely with CD4 count (p<0.0001), consistent with HIV activation of the inflammasome resulting in CD4 T cell depletion. Incident HIV infection of chronically HCV infected subjects resulted in increased IL-18 (p<0.001), while HIV suppression was associated with normal IL-18 levels. Four additional analytes (IP-10, IL-12/23p40, IFNy, IL-15) were found to be elevated in HIV/HCV coinfection when compared to both monoinfections. CONCLUSIONS HIV/HCV coinfection results in significantly elevated serum IL-18. The elevated levels of this proinflammatory cytokine may explain the increased incidence and progression of inflammatory illnesses seen in coinfected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Chattergoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paige Greenwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marissa Jarosinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard D Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Jordan AE, Perlman DC, Neurer J, Smith DJ, Des Jarlais DC, Hagan H. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV+ men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS 2017; 28:145-159. [PMID: 26826159 PMCID: PMC4965334 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416630910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since 2000, an increase in hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected (HIV+) men who have sex with men has been observed. Evidence points to blood exposure during sex as the medium of hepatitis C virus transmission. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM overall and in relation to injection drug use is poorly characterized. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis examining global hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence and estimating active hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM were conducted; 42 reports provided anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence data among HIV + MSM. Pooled prevalence produced an overall anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM of 8.1%; active HCV prevalence estimate was 5.3%-7.3%. Anti-hepatitis C virus prevalence among injection drug use and non-injection drug use HIV + MSM was 40.0% and 6.7%, respectively. Among HIV + MSM, hepatitis C virus prevalence increased significantly over time among the overall and non-injection drug use groups, and decreased significantly among injection drug use HIV + MSM. We identified a moderate prevalence of hepatitis C virus among all HIV + MSM and among non-injection drug use HIV + MSM; for both, prevalence was observed to be increasing slightly. Pooled prevalence of hepatitis C virus among HIV + MSM was higher than that observed in the 1945-1965 US birth cohort. The modest but rising hepatitis C virus prevalence among HIV + MSM suggests an opportunity to control HCV among HIV + MSM; this combined with data demonstrating a rising hepatitis C virus incidence highlights the temporal urgency to do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashly E Jordan
- 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Perlman
- 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
- 3 Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Don C Des Jarlais
- 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
- 3 Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- 1 New York University, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Behzadpour D, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Ahmadi NA, Baharlou R. Impact of HIV infection in patients infected with chronic HCV (genotypes 1a and 3a): virological and clinical changes. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 110:310-315. [PMID: 27830997 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1253532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has become a serious public health problem. The influence of HIV/HCV coinfection on plasma HCV RNA loads and clinical criteria which are usually regarded as a predictor of the progress of liver disease have not been reliably evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the impact of HIV infection on HCV RNA load and clinical indexes in Yazd and Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and HCV-monoinfected controls were examined and compared for plasma HCV RNA and related risk factors such as HCV genotypes, liver enzymes, and transmission routes. RESULTS A total of 54 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients and 88 HCV-monoinfected controls were studied. The HCV RNA load mean was significantly higher in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients than in HCV-monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). HCV RNA load mean in patients infected with HCV without anti-HCV therapy was lower than HIV/HCV patients with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy that this difference was significant (p < 0.001). The HCV RNA levels were significantly higher in HIV/HCV genotype 3a coinfected patients than in genotype 3a monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). HIV RNA levels were lower in genotype 1a infected patients than in genotype 3a infected patients, but this difference was not significant statistically. The ALT mean levels were significantly higher in genotype 3a HIV/HCV-coinfected patients than in genotype 3a HCV-monoinfected patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HIV/HCV coinfection leads to a significant increase in plasma HCV RNA. Further evaluations of the effects of ART and HIV infection on the course of HCV infection and the response to treatment against HCV infection in other and different genotypes are also needed. Moreover, HIV-infected patients should be screened regularly for HCV coinfection, particularly if they are in high-risk groups such as IDUs and recipients of blood transfusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daryoush Behzadpour
- a Department of Virology, Rasht Branch , Islamic Azad University , Rasht , Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- b Department of Virology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Nayeb Ali Ahmadi
- d Proteomics Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Medical Lab Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- b Department of Virology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Cao Y, Bao Y, Xia W, Wu H, Wei F, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xu X. Resistance-associated mutations to HCV protease inhibitors naturally pre-existed in HIV/HCV coinfected, treatment-naïve patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:597-604. [PMID: 27016893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Presently, it has been approved to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with protease inhibitors (PIs). In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the natural prevalence of HCV NS3/4A PI resistance mutations in HIV/HCV coinfected, treatment-naïve patients. METHODS Population sequence analysis of the NS3/4A protease was conducted in 96 HIV/HCV coinfected, treatment-naïve patients. RESULTS Complete HCV NS3/4A sequence information was obtained from 70 (72.92%) samples, including 68 patients (97.14%) with genotype 1b and 2 patients (2.86%) with genotype 2a. A total of 21 patients (30.88%) of the 68 patients with HCV genotype 1b showed amino acid substitutions associated with HCV PI resistance. Mutation F43S was observed in 1.47% of patients with genotype 1b. The mutations of T54S, Q80K/R, R155K, A156G and D168A/E/G were found in 4.41%, 1.47%/1.47%, 2.94%, 23.53% and 1.47%/1.47%/1.47% of patients with genotype 1b, respectively. In addition, 4.41% of patients with genotype 1b showed double mutations in the NS3 region. The multiple mutations of Q80R+R155K+D168G and Q80K+R155K+A156G+D168A were detected in 1.47% and 1.47% of patients with HCV genotype 1b, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The most predominant HCV genotype was 1b in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Naturally occurring mutations resistant to HCV PIs (simeprevir, vaniprevir, boceprevir, telaprevir, asunaprevir and paritaprevir) pre-existed in patients with HIV/HCV genotype 1b coinfection. The effects of baseline PI resistance on treatment outcome should be further analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Renwen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hartling HJ, Ballegaard VC, Nielsen NS, Gaardbo JC, Nielsen SD. Immune regulation in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1387-97. [PMID: 27436030 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1170875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunological result of infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) depends on the delicate balance between a vigorous immune response that may clear the infection, but with a risk of unspecific inflammation and, or a less inflammatory response that leads to chronic infection. In general, exhaustion and impairment of cytotoxic function of HCV-specific T cells and NK cells are found in patients with chronic HCV infection. In contrast, an increase in immune regulatory functions is found primarily in form of increased IL-10 production possibly due to increased level and function of anti-inflammatory Tregs. Thus, the major immune players during chronic HCV infection are characterized by a decrease of cytotoxic function and increase of inhibitory functions. This may be an approach to diminish intrahepatic and systemic inflammation. Finally, there has been increasing awareness of regulatory functions of epigenetic changes in chronic HCV infection. A vast amount of studies have revealed the complexity of immune regulation in chronic HCV infection, but the interplay between immune regulation in virus and host remains incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of regulatory functions of HCV-specific T cells, NK cells, Tregs, IL-10, and TGF-β, as well as epigenetic changes in the setting of chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jakob Hartling
- a Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Vibe Cecilie Ballegaard
- a Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Nick Schou Nielsen
- a Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Julie Christine Gaardbo
- a Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- a Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Balmasova IP, Aristanbekova MS, Malova ES, Sepiashvili RI. MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION OF VIRAL CAUSATIVE AGENTS IN PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND HEPATITIS C VIRUSES. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-101-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 20 - 30% of cases co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is observed, that is associated with common routes of transmission for these causative agents. The main cause of lethal outcome for co-infected patients is liver damage. Thus, analysis of mechanisms of mutual influence of HIV and HCV under the conditions of co-infection gains special attention, that can be examined from both standpoints of direct inter-molecular interaction of 2 viral causative agents, as well as from the position of their immune-mediated effect. Negative effect of HIV on the course of fibrosis process in liver during HCVinfection is associated with the feature of this virus to cause deep alteration in the immune system by direct damage of CD4+ cells, disruption of mechanisms of immunological memory, suppression of functions of liver fraction of NK and NKT, as well as its ability of co-receptor interaction with hepatocytes and stellate cells, enhancing progress of fibrosis alterations and HCV replication in liver. HCV is also established to effect replication of HIV, stimulate infection of macrophages with this virus. All these events facilitate the rise in lethality during HIV and HCV co-infection.
Collapse
|
60
|
Chan DP, Sun HY, Wong HT, Lee SS, Hung CC. Sexually acquired hepatitis C virus infection: a review. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 49:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
61
|
Reed JR, Jordan AE, Perlman DC, Smith DJ, Hagan H. The HCV care continuum among people who use drugs: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2016; 5:110. [PMID: 27401499 PMCID: PMC4940695 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis, management, and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (the "HCV care continuum") have improved in recent years. People who use drugs (PWUD) have a prevalence of HCV infection from 30 to 70 %, yet rates of testing, engagement in care, and treatment for HCV are disproportionately low compared to other populations. Delineating the progression of PWUD through the steps in the HCV care continuum in the USA is important in informing efforts to improve HCV outcomes among PWUD. METHODS/DESIGN Scientific databases will be searched using a comprehensive automated search strategy; gray literature and reference lists will be manually searched. Eligible reports will provide original research data related to the HCV care continuum in the USA including proportions of PWUD engaging in the following discrete steps: screening/testing, engagement in care (including receiving an HCV clinical assessment), treatment initiation and completion, and rates of those with successful HCV treatment. A quality-rating tool will be developed to ascertain the level of bias (including selection bias) in each report, and a quality score will be assigned to each eligible report. A tool adapted from the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 instrument will be developed to assess the extent to which an included report reflects an effectiveness or efficacy study design. Pooled estimates and measures of association will be calculated using random effects models, and heterogeneity will be assessed at each stage of data synthesis. DISCUSSION Through this review, we hope to quantify the proportion of PWUD at each progressive step and to help identify key individual, social, and structural points of leakage in the HCV care continuum for PWUD. In meeting these objectives, we will identify predictors to progress along the HCV care continuum, which can be used to inform policy to directly improve HCV care for PWUD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016034113.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Reed
- College of Nursing, New York University, 422 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Ashly E Jordan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 422 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA.,Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Perlman
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Smith
- College of Nursing, New York University, 422 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 422 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA.,Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Basnayake SK, Easterbrook PJ. Wide variation in estimates of global prevalence and burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infection cited in published literature. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:545-59. [PMID: 27028545 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the extent of heterogeneity in global estimates of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) cited in the published literature, we undertook a systematic review of the published literature. We identified articles from 2010 to 2014 that had cited global estimates for at least one of ten indicators [prevalence and numbers infected with HBV, HCV, HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV co-infection, and mortality (number of deaths annually) for HBV and HCV]. Overall, 488 articles were retrieved: 239 articles cited a HBV-related global estimate [prevalence (n = 12), number infected (n = 193) and number of annual deaths (n = 82)]; 280 articles had HCV-related global estimates [prevalence (n = 86), number infected (n = 203) and number of annual deaths (n = 31)]; 31 had estimates on both HBV and HCV; 54 had HIV-HBV co-infection estimates [prevalence (n = 42) and number co-infected (n = 12)]; and 68 had estimates for HIV-HCV co-infection [prevalence (n = 40) and number co-infected (n = 28)]. There was considerable heterogeneity in the estimates cited and also a lack of consistency in the terminology used. Although 40% of 488 articles cited WHO as the source of the estimate, many of these were from outdated or secondary sources. Our findings highlight the importance of clear and consistent communication from WHO and other global health agencies on current consensus estimates of hepatitis B and C burden and prevalence, the need for standardisation in their citation, and for regular updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P J Easterbrook
- Global Hepatitis Programme, HIV Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Lei AH, Yang Q, Cai WP, Liu YF, Lan Y, Qin AP, Hu FY, Zhou J. Clinical Significance of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/ Hepatitis C Virus-coinfected Patients. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:438-44. [PMID: 26972443 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Lei
- Institute of Human Virology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Q. Yang
- Institute of Human Virology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - W. P. Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases; The Affiliated Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. F. Liu
- Institute of Human Virology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases; The Affiliated Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - A. P. Qin
- Institute of Human Virology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - F. Y. Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases; The Affiliated Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control; Chinese Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Berenguer J. Is response to anti-HCV treatment predictive of mortality in HCV/HIV coinfected people? Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Berenguer
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH (4100), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Kosack CS, Nick S. Evaluation of two rapid screening assays for detecting hepatitis C antibodies in resource-constrained settings. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:603-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
66
|
Naidoo A, Parboosing R, Moodley P. Real-time polymerase chain reaction optimised for hepatitis C virus detection in dried blood spots from HIV-exposed infants, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2016; 5:269. [PMID: 28879101 PMCID: PMC5436390 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v5i1.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. A major obstacle in resource-limited settings for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is the necessity for specimen transportation and storage at low temperatures. There are numerous recent studies of using real-time HCV PCR for diagnosis and screening of plasma and serum, but few have looked at using dried blood spot (DBS) specimens. Objectives The aim of this study was to optimise a real-time HCV PCR method to detect HCV RNA from infant DBS specimens for use as a tool for HCV surveillance in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method The LightCycler® 2.0 instrument was used for the HCV PCR using the LightCycler® RNA Master SYBR Green I kit. Template volume, primer concentration and primer annealing temperatures were optimised and the method was used on 179 DBS specimens from HIV-exposed infants in KwaZulu-Natal. Results Primer concentrations adjusted to 0.25 µM and a template volume of 10 µL improved the PCR amplification. Primer annealing temperatures lowered from 65 °C to 58 °C resulted in higher quantities of amplified PCR product. The limit of detection of the optimised HCV PCR assay was between 1200 IU/mL and 3580 IU/mL of HCV RNA. HCV was not detected in any of the 179 DBS specimens. Conclusion The optimised real-time HCV PCR on infant DBS specimens performed well, but HCV was not found in this surveillance study. HIV infection may have little impact on the vertical transmission of HCV in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneta Naidoo
- Department of Virology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Pravi Moodley
- Department of Virology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Zhao C, Liu X. A portable paper-based microfluidic platform for multiplexed electrochemical detection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus antibodies in serum. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024119. [PMID: 27158287 PMCID: PMC4833732 DOI: 10.1063/1.4945311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a portable paper-based microfluidic platform for multiplexed electrochemical detection of antibody markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in serum samples. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper-based electrochemical immunosensing platform, with multiplexing and telemedicine capabilities, for diagnosing HIV/HCV co-infection. The platform consists of an electrochemical microfluidic paper-based immunosensor array (E-μPIA) and a handheld multi-channel potentiostat, and is capable of performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays simultaneously on eight samples within 20 min (using a prepared E-μPIA). The multiplexing feature of the platform allows it to produce multiple measurement data for HIV and HCV markers from a single run, and its wireless communication module can transmit the results to a remote site for telemedicine. The unique integration of paper-based microfluidics and mobile instrumentation renders our platform portable, low-cost, user-friendly, and high-throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Aldámiz-Echevarría T, Berenguer J, Miralles P, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Carrero A, Pineda-Tenor D, Díez C, Tejerina F, Pérez-Latorre L, Bellón JM, Resino S. Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Patients Coinfected with HIV and HCV: A Predictor of Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148537. [PMID: 26849641 PMCID: PMC4744026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher serum levels of adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) are associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. We assessed the relationship between serum levels of adhesion molecules and liver-related events (LRE) or death, in coinfected patients. METHODS We studied clinical characteristics and outcomes of 182 coinfected patients with a baseline liver biopsy (58 with advanced fibrosis) and simultaneous plasma samples who were followed for median of 9 years. We used receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves to calculate optimized cutoff values (OCV) of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, defined as the values with the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity for LRE. We used multivariate regression analysis to test the association between OCVs of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and outcomes. The variables for adjustment were age, HIV transmission category, liver fibrosis, baseline CD4+ T-cell counts, antiretroviral therapy, and sustained virologic response (SVR). RESULTS During the study period 51 patients had SVR, 19 had LRE, and 16 died. The OCVs for LRE were 5.68 Log pg/mL for sICAM-1 and 6.25 Log pg/mL for sVCAM-1, respectively. The adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of death or LRE, whichever occurred first, for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 > OCV were 3.98 ([1.14; 13.89], P = 0.030) and 2.81 ([1.10; 7.19], respectively (P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 can serve as markers of outcome in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Therapies targeting necroinflammatory damage and fibrogenesis may have a role in the management chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Pilar Miralles
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Jiménez-Sousa
- National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Carrero
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pineda-Tenor
- National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Tejerina
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Pérez-Latorre
- Infectious Diseases and HIV Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Bellón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Padam P, Clark S, Irving W, Gellissen R, Thomson E, Main J, Cooke GS. Reduced healthcare utilization following successful hepatitis C virus treatment in HIV-co-infected patients with mild liver disease. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:123-9. [PMID: 26511293 PMCID: PMC4924594 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have achieved high cure rates in many patient groups previously considered difficult-to-treat, including those HIV/HCV co-infected. The high price of these medications is likely to limit access to treatment, at least in the short term. Early treatment priority is likely to be given to those with advanced disease, but a more detailed understanding of the potential benefits in treating those with mild disease is needed. We hypothesized that successful HCV treatment within a co-infected population with mild liver disease would lead to a reduction in the use and costs of healthcare services in the 5 years following treatment completion. We performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV/HCV-co-infected patients without evidence of fibrosis/cirrhosis who received a course of HCV therapy between 2004 and 2013. Detailed analysis of healthcare utilization up to 5 years following treatment for each patient using clinical and electronic records was used to estimate healthcare costs. Sixty-three patients were investigated, of whom 48 of 63 (76.2%) achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks following completion of therapy (SVR12). Individuals achieving SVR12 incurred lower health utilization costs (£5,000 per-patient) compared to (£10 775 per-patient) non-SVR patients in the 5 years after treatment. Healthcare utilization rates and costs in the immediate 5 years following treatment were significantly higher in co-infected patients with mild disease that failed to achieve SVR12. These data suggest additional value to achieving cure beyond the prevention of complications of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Padam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - W Irving
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastroenterology and the Liver, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Gellissen
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Thomson
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Main
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G S Cooke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tizzot MR, Grisbach C, Beltrame MH, Messias-Reason IJDT. Seroprevalence of HCV markers among HIV infected patients from Curitiba and metropolitan region. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:65-71. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.01.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Objective: to determine the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with hepatitis (HCV) coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients from Curitiba and the metropolitan region. Methods: a study with 303 HIV+ patients, mean age 41.2 years (18-73); 50.5% men, followed at the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, between April 2008 and March 2009. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained through questionnaires and retrospective analysis of medical records. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: a total of 12.9% of HIV+ patients were positive for anti-HCV antibodies, 64.1% were men and 35.9% women, with mean age of 44.5 years (24-66). The frequency of HCV among men was 16.7% and among women 9.1% (p=0.06). HCV prevalence was associated to HIV infection when compared to the general population (p<10-6, OR=100.4; 95CI=13.7-734.9). The parenteral route of transmission was the most frequent among coinfected patients (46.1%), and the sexual transmission among HIV+/HCV- (71.8%) (p=0.02, OR=0.2; 95CI=0.1-0.7). The frequency of intravenous drug users was higher among the coinfected patients (61.5%) compared to the non coinfected (12.6%) (p<10-6, OR=11.1; 95CI=4.5-27.7). Conclusion: the prevalence of coinfection with HCV in HIV+ patients is 12.9%, 88 times higher than in the general population in Curitiba. The most frequent route of transmission in the coinfected patients is parenteral, but the sexual route is also representative (34.6%).
Collapse
|
71
|
HIV mono-infection is associated with an impaired anti-hepatitis C virus activity of natural killer cells. AIDS 2016; 30:355-63. [PMID: 26558728 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV(+) patients is associated with faster liver disease progression compared with HCV mono-infection. HIV-associated immune defects are considered to play an important role in this context. Here, we analyzed the effects of HIV infection on natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated anti-HCV activity. DESIGN NK cell phenotype and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, NK cell-mediated inhibition of HCV replication and CD4 T-cell/NK cell interactions were studied in treatment naive HIV (n = 22), and HIV patients under combined antiretroviral therapy (n = 29), compared with healthy controls (n = 20). METHODS NK cell-mediated inhibition of HCV replication was analyzed using the HuH7A2HCVreplicon model. IFN-γ production of NK cells as well as interleukin-2 secretion of CD4 T lymphocytes were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV(+) patients displayed a significantly impaired anti-HCV activity, irrespective of combined antiretroviral therapy. This could in part be explained by HIV-associated decline in NK cell numbers. In addition, NK cell IFN-γ production was significantly impaired in HIV infection. Accordingly, we found low frequency of IFN-γ(+) NK cells in HIV(+) patients to be associated with ineffective inhibition of HCV replication. Finally, we show that CD4 T-cell-mediated stimulation of NK cell IFN-γ production was dysregulated in HIV infection with an impaired interleukin-2 response of NK cells. CONCLUSION HIV infection has a strong suppressive effect on anti-HCV activity of NK cells. This may contribute to low spontaneous clearance rate and accelerated progression of HCV-associated liver disease observed in HIV(+) patients.
Collapse
|
72
|
BenMarzouk-Hidalgo OJ, Torres-Cornejo A, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Ruiz-Valderas R, Viciana P, López-Cortés LF. Higher Activation in CD4(+) T Cells But Similar Viral Control Among HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients on a Simplification Monotherapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:6-11. [PMID: 26414169 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection would affect the clinical and immunological outcome of HIV-infected patients following a simplification strategy. A prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients starting a ritonavir boosted darunavir monotherapy (mtDRV/rtv) was followed for 24 months. HCV infection was evaluated by HCV viremia and hepatic fibrosis. Immune activation was studied as HLA-DR CD38 coexpression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and also the quantification of plasma sCD14 levels. Microbial translocation was studied by the plasma levels of 16S rDNA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 150 HIV-infected patients were enrolled in this study, including 46 individuals also infected with HCV (30.6%). HIV/HCV coinfection did not decrease mtDRV/rtv efficacy, since similar rates of HIV-1 intermittent viremia (HCV: 26.6% vs. no-HCV: 34.7%) and episodes of virological failure (HCV: 22.2% vs. no-HCV: 11.2%, p-value = 0.381) were found. No major differences were found between both groups at baseline, although higher HLA-DR(+)CD38(+)CD4(+) T cell counts were found in the coinfected group (HCV: 6.65% vs. no-HCV: 4.55%, p-value = 0.032); this difference was maintained in the 24 months of follow-up. After the 24-month follow-up, both groups, HIV-monoinfected patients and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, presented similar immune activation and microbial translocation profiles. In conclusion, the use of a simplified mtDRV/rtv strategy compromises neither HIV nor HCV viremic control in coinfected patients, although a higher immune activation of CD4(+) T cells was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar J. BenMarzouk-Hidalgo
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Almudena Torres-Cornejo
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alicia Gutierrez-Valencia
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Ruiz-Valderas
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pompeyo Viciana
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis F. López-Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Araújo-Mariz C, Lopes EP, Ximenes RAA, Lacerda HR, Miranda-Filho DB, Montarroyos UR, Barreto S, Salustiano DM, Albuquerque MFPM. Serological markers of hepatitis B and C in patients with HIV/AIDS and active tuberculosis. J Med Virol 2015; 88:996-1002. [PMID: 26580855 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are common in patients with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). This is a cross-sectional study with patients infected with HIV/AIDS and active TB in Recife, Brazil, aiming to verify the prevalence of markers for HBV: antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc); and HCV: antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by chemiluminescence, and to identify the frequency of associated factors. Data were collected through questionnaires, and blood was drawn from patients for analysis. We used the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test when necessary. We conducted a bivariate logistic regression analysis and the magnitude of the associations was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95%. Among 166 patients studied with HIV/AIDS and active TB, anti-HBc was positive in 61 patients [36.7%; 95%CI (29.4-44.6%)] and anti-HCV in 11[6.6%; 95%CI (3.4-11.5%)]. In the logistic regression analysis, male sex, and age ≥40 years were independent factors associated with the occurrence of anti-HBc. In conclusion, we verified a high frequency of HBV contact marker and a low frequency of HCV markers in patients with HIV/AIDS and TB in Recife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmundo Pessoa Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A A Ximenes
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Heloísa R Lacerda
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvana Barreto
- Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Melhem NM, Rahhal N, Charide R, Kreidieh K, El-Khatib R. Human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis among high-risk groups: Understanding the knowledge gap in the Middle East and North Africa Region. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2619-30. [PMID: 26557955 PMCID: PMC4635148 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i25.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify gaps in the existing knowledge on single, dual and triple infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region among men who have sex with men (MSMs), female sex workers (FSWs), injecting drug users (IDUs) and prisoners. METHODS We performed an extensive literature search on articles published on the topic in the 25 countries of the MENA region. PubMed database was used as the main search engine. Case reports, case series, qualitative studies, editorials, commentaries, authors' replies and animal studies were excluded. Original articles and reviews dealing with the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV and their co-infection were included. Data on population type, sample size, age and markers of infections were extracted from the relevant studies. RESULTS HIV, HBV and HCV are blood-borne viruses with similar modes of transmission. The categories of people at high risk of acquiring HIV-1, HBV and HCV commonly include: MSMs, FSW and IDUs. It is well established that HIV-positive individuals co-infected with HBV or HCV suffer from liver pathology associated with morbidity and mortality. Moreover, HIV-infected individuals do not respond well to treatment for HBV or HCV and hence are at increased risk of hepatic toxicity. Consequently, co-infection of HIV-positive individuals with HBV and/or HCV is a global health problem of significant magnitude. Our review reveals the paucity of epidemiological data for key populations in many countries of the region. Limited number of studies exists in the MENA region on the status of HIV, HBV and HCV and their co-infections among prisoners, MSMs and FSWs. Evidence support the continued increase of the HIV epidemic among MSMs. In addition to the lack of studies on MSMs and FSWs in the MENA region, our review highlights the lack of data on the practices, characteristics, or the status of HIV infection and viral hepatitis among male sex workers selling or exchanging sex for money. CONCLUSION The MENA countries are in urgent need of advanced research and strengthening of the data collection systems and reporting practices of these infections among key populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Melhem
- Nada M Melhem, Khalil Kreidieh, Rolla El-Khatib, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Nour Rahhal
- Nada M Melhem, Khalil Kreidieh, Rolla El-Khatib, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rana Charide
- Nada M Melhem, Khalil Kreidieh, Rolla El-Khatib, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Khalil Kreidieh
- Nada M Melhem, Khalil Kreidieh, Rolla El-Khatib, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rolla El-Khatib
- Nada M Melhem, Khalil Kreidieh, Rolla El-Khatib, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions between Antiretrovirals and HCV Direct Acting Antivirals in a Large Cohort of HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141164. [PMID: 26488159 PMCID: PMC4619009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Development of direct acting antivirals (DAA) offers new benefits for patients with chronic hepatitis C. The combination of these drugs with antiretroviral treatment (cART) is a real challenge in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. The aim of this study was to describe potential drug-drug interactions between DAAs and antiretroviral drugs in a cohort of HIV/HCV coinfected patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of all HIV/HCV coinfected patients attending at least one visit in 2012 in the multicenter French Dat'AIDS cohort. A simulation of drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral treatment and DAAs available in 2015 was performed. RESULTS Of 16,634 HIV-infected patients, 2,511 had detectable anti-HCV antibodies, of whom 1,196 had a detectable HCV-RNA and were not receiving HCV treatment at the time of analysis. 97.1% of these patients were receiving cART and 81.2% had a plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL. cART included combinations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a boosted protease inhibitor in 43.6%, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in 17.3%, an integrase inhibitor in 15.4% and various combinations or antiretroviral drugs in 23.7% of patients. A previous treatment against HCV had been administered in 64.4% of patients. Contraindicated associations/potential interactions were expected between cART and respectively sofosbuvir (0.2%/0%), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (0.2%/67.6%), daclatasvir (0%/49.4%), ombitasvir/boosted paritaprevir (with or without dasabuvir) (34.4%/52.2%) and simeprevir (78.8%/0%). CONCLUSIONS Significant potential drug-drug interactions are expected between cART and the currently available DAAs in the majority of HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin appeared the most suitable combinations in our population. A close collaboration between hepatologists and HIV/AIDS specialists appears necessary for the management of HCV treatment concomitantly to cART.
Collapse
|
76
|
Tsai JC, Hung CC, Chang SY, Liu WC, Wu CH, Su YC, Wu PY, Luo YZ, Chang LH, Sun HY, Chang SC. Increasing incidence of recent hepatitis C virus infection among persons seeking voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008406. [PMID: 26463221 PMCID: PMC4606383 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) is rarely investigated in the Asia-Pacific region. We aimed to estimate the incidence rate of and factors associated with recent HCV infection among the clients seeking voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services for HIV in Taiwan. METHODS During 2006-2013, 12 143 clients sought VCT services for HIV. Clients with subsequent follow-up tests at an interval of 6 months or longer were included to estimate the incidence rate of HCV seroconversion. Phylogenetic analysis of HCV sequences from VCT clients and HIV-positive patients was performed. RESULTS The overall HCV seroprevalence at baseline was 0.3%. Of 2150 clients testing negative for anti-HCV antibody at baseline with a total of 5074.99 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 17 (0.8%) developed HCV seroconversion, leading to an overall incidence rate of 3.35 per 1000 PYFU (95% CI 1.76 to 4.94), which increased from 2.28 (95% CI 0.05 to 4.51) in 2006-2009, to 3.33 (95% CI 0.86 to 5.80) in 2010 to 2011 and 4.94 per 1000 PYFU (95% CI 0.99 to 8.99) in 2012-2013; the incidence of early syphilis increased from 11.91 to 13.28 and 31.78 per 1000 PYFU in the three corresponding periods. In multivariate analysis, having HIV-positive partners (adjusted HR (AHR) =3.756; 95%CI 1.180 to 11.955) and developing a rapid plasma reagin titre of 4 or greater (AHR=9.978; 95% CI 1.550 to 64.233) were significantly associated with HCV seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS An increasing trend of recent HCV infection occurs among individuals seeking VCT services in Taiwan. Having HIV-positive partners and having syphilis are independently associated with recent HCV seroconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chih Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tzu-Chi Hospital and Tzu-Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Su
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Zhen Luo
- Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Chang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Young J, Mucsi I, Rollet-Kurhajec KC, Klein MB. Fibroblast growth factor 23: associations with antiretroviral therapy in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C. HIV Med 2015; 17:373-9. [PMID: 26307135 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been associated with cardiovascular mortality. We estimate associations between the level of plasma FGF23 and exposure to abacavir (ABC) and to other components of antiretroviral therapy in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C. METHODS Both intact and c-terminal FGF23 were measured in plasma using commercial assays for a sub-cohort of 295 patients selected at random from the 1150 patients enrolled in the Canadian Co-infection Cohort. The multiplicative effects of antiretroviral drug exposures and covariates on median FGF23 were then estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian model. RESULTS The median level of intact FGF23 was independent of either past or recent exposure to abacavir, with multiplicative ratios of 1.00 and 1.07, 95% credible intervals 0.90-1.12 and 0.94-1.23, respectively. Median intact FGF23 tended to increase with past use of both nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, but tended to decrease with recent use of either tenofovir, efavirenz or lopinavir. There were no obvious associations between the median level of c-terminal FGF23 and individual drugs or drug classes. Age, female gender, smoking and the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index were all associated with a higher median c-terminal FGF23 but not with a higher median intact FGF23. CONCLUSIONS The level of FGF23 in plasma was independent of exposure to ABC. Lower levels of intact FGF23 with recent use of tenofovir, efavirenz or lopinavir may reflect their adverse effects on bone and vitamin D metabolism relative to other drugs in their respective drug classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Mucsi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K C Rollet-Kurhajec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M B Klein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Gallay PA, Bobardt MD, Chatterji U, Trepanier DJ, Ure D, Ordonez C, Foster R. The Novel Cyclophilin Inhibitor CPI-431-32 Concurrently Blocks HCV and HIV-1 Infections via a Similar Mechanism of Action. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134707. [PMID: 26263487 PMCID: PMC4532424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV-related liver disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients. Despite the recent advent of anti-HCV direct acting antivirals (DAAs), the treatment of HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients remains a challenge, as these patients are refractory to most therapies and develop liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer more often than HCV mono-infected patients. Until the present study, there was no suitable in vitro assay to test the inhibitory activity of drugs on HCV/HIV-1 co-infection. Here we developed a novel in vitro "co-infection" model where HCV and HIV-1 concurrently replicate in their respective main host target cells--human hepatocytes and CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Using this co-culture model, we demonstrate that cyclophilin inhibitors (CypI), including a novel cyclosporin A (CsA) analog, CPI-431-32, simultaneously inhibits replication of both HCV and HIV-1 when added pre- and post-infection. In contrast, the HIV-1 protease inhibitor nelfinavir or the HCV NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir only blocks the replication of a single virus in the "co-infection" system. CPI-431-32 efficiently inhibits HCV and HIV-1 variants, which are normally resistant to DAAs. CPI-431-32 is slightly, but consistently more efficacious than the most advanced clinically tested CypI--alisporivir (ALV)--at interrupting an established HCV/HIV-1 co-infection. The superior antiviral efficacy of CPI-431-32 over ALV correlates with its higher potency inhibition of cyclophilin A (CypA) isomerase activity and at preventing HCV NS5A-CypA and HIV-1 capsid-CypA interactions known to be vital for replication of the respective viruses. Moreover, we obtained evidence that CPI-431-32 prevents the cloaking of both the HIV-1 and HCV genomes from cellular sensors. Based on these results, CPI-431-32 has the potential, as a single agent or in combination with DAAs, to inhibit both HCV and HIV-1 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Udayan Chatterji
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Trepanier
- Ciclofilin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Daren Ure
- Ciclofilin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cosme Ordonez
- Ciclofilin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Foster
- Ciclofilin Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Inshaw J, Leen C, Fisher M, Gilson R, Hawkins D, Collins S, Fox J, McLean K, Fidler S, Phillips A, Lattimore S, Babiker A, Porter K. The Impact of HCV Infection Duration on HIV Disease Progression and Response to cART amongst HIV Seroconverters in the UK. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225723 PMCID: PMC4520682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effect of HCV infection on HIV disease progression remains unclear; the effect of HCV infection duration on HIV disease progression is unknown. Methods We used data from a cohort of HIV seroconverters to investigate the effect of HCV infection duration on time from HIV seroconversion to CD4 <350cells/mm3, AIDS or death, censoring at the earlier of cART initiation or last clinic visit, adjusting for confounders and splitting data into follow up periods from HIV seroconversion (<2, 2–4 and >4 years). We additionally compared CD4 cell decline following HCV infection to that of mono-infected individuals with similar HIV infection duration by fitting a random effects model. In a separate analysis, we used linear mixed models to we examine the effect of HCV infection and its duration on CD4 increase over 48 weeks following cART. Results Of 1655 individuals, 97 (5.9%) were HCV co-infected. HCV<1 year was associated with a higher risk of endpoint in each follow-up period from HIV seroconversion (HR [95% CI] 2.58 [1.51, 4.41], p = 0.001; 3.80 [1.20, 12.03], p = 0.023; 2.03 [0.88, 4.71], p = 0.098 for <2, 2–4 and >4 years respectively), compared to mono-infected individuals. However, we found no evidence of an association for those with HCV>2 years (all p>0.89). Individuals experienced a somewhat greater decrease in CD4 count following HCV infection lasting 13 months, relative to individuals with HIV alone, (estimate = -3.33, 95% CI [-7.29, 0.63] cells/mm3 per month, p = 0.099). Of 1502 initiating cART, 106 (7.1%) were HCV co-infected, with no evidence of HCV duration at cART being associated with immunological response (p = 0.45). Conclusions The impact of HCV co-infection on HIV disease progression appears to be restricted to the first year after HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Inshaw
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Martin Fisher
- Brighton and Sussex University NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Gilson
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Hawkins
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julie Fox
- Guy’s and St. Thomas NHS Trust at Kings College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ken McLean
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Phillips
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abdel Babiker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kholoud Porter
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Karageorgopoulos DE, Allen J, Bhagani S. Hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected individuals: Is this still a "special population"? World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1936-52. [PMID: 26244068 PMCID: PMC4517153 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i15.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial proportion of individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Co-infected individuals are traditionally considered as one of the "special populations" amongst those with chronic HCV, mainly because of faster progression to end-stage liver disease and suboptimal responses to treatment with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin, the benefits of which are often outweighed by toxicity. The advent of the newer direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has given hope that the majority of co-infected individuals can clear HCV. However the "special population" designation may prove an obstacle for those with co-infection to gain access to the new agents, in terms of requirement for separate pre-licensing clinical trials and extensive drug-drug interaction studies. We review the global epidemiology, natural history and pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infection. The accelerated course of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infection is not adequately offset by successful combination antiretroviral therapy. We also review the treatment trials of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infected individuals with DAAs and compare them to trials in the HCV mono-infected. There is convincing evidence that HIV co-infection no longer diminishes the response to treatment against HCV in the new era of DAA-based therapy. The management of HCV co-infection should therefore become a priority in the care of HIV infected individuals, along with public health efforts to prevent new HCV infections, focusing particularly on specific patient groups at risk, such as men who have sex with men and injecting drug users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drosos E Karageorgopoulos
- Drosos E Karageorgopoulos, Joanna Allen, Sanjay Bhagani, Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Allen
- Drosos E Karageorgopoulos, Joanna Allen, Sanjay Bhagani, Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Bhagani
- Drosos E Karageorgopoulos, Joanna Allen, Sanjay Bhagani, Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Turkova A, Giacomet V, Goetghebuer T, Miloenko M, Nicolini LA, Noguera-Julian A, Rojo P, Volokha A, Indolfi G, Giaquinto C, Thorne C. HCV treatment in children and young adults with HIV/HCV co-infection in Europe. J Virus Erad 2015; 1:179-84. [PMID: 27482410 PMCID: PMC4946737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe use of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV/HCV co-infected children and young people living in Europe and to evaluate treatment outcomes. METHODS HCV treatment data on children and young people aged <25 years with HIV/HCV co-infection were collected in a cohort collaboration of 11 European paediatric HIV cohorts. Factors associated with receipt of HCV treatment and with sustained virological response 24 weeks after treatment completion (SVR24) were explored. RESULTS Of 229 HIV/HCV co-infected patients, 22% had a history of AIDS and of 55 who were treated for HCV, 47 (85%) were receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. The overall HCV treatment rate was 24% (n=55) but it varied substantially between countries, with the highest rate being in Russia at 61% (30/49). Other factors associated with treatment receipt were older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-14.4, for 18-24-year-olds vs 11-17-year-olds, P=0.001] and advanced fibrosis (AOR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3-23.7; for ≥9.6 vs ≤7.2 kPa, P=0.02). Of 50 patients with known treatment outcomes, 50% attained SVR24. Of these, 16 (80%) had genotype (GT) 2,3 and 8 (29%) had GT 1,4 (P<0.001). After adjusting for genotype (GT 1,4 vs GT 2,3), females (P=0.003), patients with non-vertical HCV acquisition (P=0.002) and those with shorter duration of HCV (P=0.009) were more likely to have successful treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION Only half of the HIV/HCV co-infected youth achieved an HCV cure. HCV treatment success appears to be lower in the context of HIV co-infection than in HCV mono-infection, underscoring the urgent need to speed up approvals of new direct-acting antiviral combinations in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Turkova
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL,
London,
UK
| | - Vania Giacomet
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital,
University of Milan,
Italy
| | | | - Milana Miloenko
- Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children,
St Petersburg,
Russia
| | - Laura Ambra Nicolini
- Infectious Diseases Unite, Department of Health Sciences –DISSAL;
University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST.
Genova,
Italy
| | - Antoni Noguera-Julian
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu,
Universitat de Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Pablo Rojo
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital 12 de Octubre,
Universidad Complutense,
Madrid,
Spain
| | - Alla Volokha
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education,
Kiev,
Ukraine
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Paediatric and Liver Unit,
Meyer Children's University-Hospital of Florence,
Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Women and Child Health,
University of Padova,
Padova,
Italy
| | - Claire Thorne
- University College London,
Institute of Child Health,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Marcus JL, Leyden WA, Chao CR, Xu L, Quesenberry CP, Tien PC, Klein DB, Towner WJ, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ. Differences in Response to Antiretroviral Therapy by Sex and Hepatitis C Infection Status. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2015; 29:370-8. [PMID: 26061798 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2015.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection and biological sex may each affect response to antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet no studies have examined HIV-associated outcomes by both HCV status and sex. We conducted a cohort study of HIV-infected adults initiating ART in Kaiser Permanente California during 1996-2011. We used piecewise linear regression to assess CD4 changes by sex and HCV status over 5 years. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) by sex and HCV status for HIV RNA <500 copies/mL over 1 year, and for AIDS and death over the follow-up period. Among 12,865 subjects, there were 154 HIV/HCV-co-infected women, 1000 HIV/HCV-co-infected men, 1088 HIV-mono-infected women, and 10,623 HIV-mono-infected men. CD4 increases were slower in the first year for HIV/HCV-co-infected women (75 cells/μL) and men (70 cells/μL) compared with HIV-mono-infected women (145 cells/μL) and men (120 cells/μL; p<0.001). After 5 years, women had higher CD4 than men in both HIV-mono-infected (598 vs. 562 cells/μL, p=0.003) and HIV/HCV-co-infected individuals (567 vs. 509 cells/μL, p=0.003). Regardless of sex, HIV/HCV co-infection was associated with 40% higher mortality [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-1.6] compared with HIV mono-infection, but was not associated with AIDS (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.3) or achieving HIV RNA <500 copies/mL (HR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9-1.1). HIV/HCV-co-infected men and women have slower CD4 recovery after starting ART and have increased mortality compared with HIV-mono-infected men and women. HCV should be aggressively treated in HIV/HCV-co-infected adults, regardless of sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun R. Chao
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Lanfang Xu
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | | | - Phyllis C. Tien
- University of California, San Francisco, California, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Leandro, California
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
|
84
|
The impact of blood-borne viruses on cause-specific mortality among opioid dependent people: An Australian population-based cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 152:264-71. [PMID: 25936861 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-borne viruses (BBV) are prevalent among people with opioid dependence but their association with cause-specific mortality has not been examined at the population-level. METHODS We formed a population-based cohort of 29,571 opioid substitution therapy (OST) registrants in New South Wales, Australia, 1993-2007. We ascertained notifications of infection and death by record linkage between the Pharmaceutical Drugs of Addiction System (OST data), registers of hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses, and the National Death Index. We used competing risks regression to quantify associations between notification for BBV infection and causes of death. BBV status, age, year, OST status, and OST episodes were modelled as time-dependent covariates; sex was a fixed covariate. RESULTS OST registrants notified with HCV infection were more likely to die from accidental overdose (subdistribution hazard ratio, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.7, 1.5-2.0), cancer (2.0, 1.3-3.2) and unintentional injury (1.4, 1.0-2.0). HBV notification was associated with a higher hazard of mortality due to unintentional injury (2.1, 1.1-3.9), cancer (2.8, 1.5-5.5), and liver disease (2.1, 1.0-4.3). Liver-related mortality was higher among those notified with HIV only (11, 2.5-50), HCV only (5.9, 3.2-11) and both HIV and HCV (15, 3.2-66). Registrants with an HIV notification had a higher hazard of cardiovascular-related mortality (4.0, 1.6-9.9). CONCLUSIONS Among OST registrants, BBVs are a direct cause of death and also a marker of behaviours that can result in unintended death. Ongoing and enhanced BBV prevention strategies and treatment, together with targeted education strategies to reduce risk, are justified.
Collapse
|
85
|
Prevalence and correlates of HCV monoinfection and HIV and HCV coinfection among persons who inject drugs in Vietnam. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27:550-6. [PMID: 25769097 PMCID: PMC4380662 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam bears a high burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection among persons who inject drugs (PWID). The high prevalence of HCV and HIV occurs in a context of stigma and limited preventive interventions for PWID. OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HCV, HIV, and HIV/HCV coinfection among PWID and to explore their associations with lifetime injection behaviors. METHODS A total of 1434 PWID were recruited from the Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam between 2005 and 2007. Participants responded to a structured questionnaire and provided blood samples at baseline. A cross-sectional analysis of data collected at baseline was carried out. Factors associated with HCV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalences of HIV and HCV were 35.1 and 88.8%, respectively, and the prevalences of HIV/HCV coinfection and HCV monoinfection were 34.8 and 53.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders in multivariate analysis, ever reusing a syringe and needle was found to be significantly associated with HIV monoinfection [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.99-4.94] and HIV/HCV coinfection (AOR, 3.34; 95% CI, 2.02-5.51). Ever sharing diazepam or novocaine was also found to be significantly associated with HIV monoinfection (AOR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.38-3.32) and HIV/HCV coinfection (AOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.57-3.90). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a high burden of HIV and HCV infection among PWID in Vietnam. Lifetime injection behaviors, including sharing of diazepam or novocaine, may account for the high prevalence of HIV and HCV. Improving prevention and ensuring access to care remain critically important for this vulnerable population.
Collapse
|
86
|
Yang L, Zhao R, Zheng Y, Song X. Effect of hepatitis C virus infection on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6230-6235. [PMID: 26131230 PMCID: PMC4483926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using IVF cases occurring at the Centre for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between January 2008 and December 2013. A total of 1424 couples undergoing IVF cycles were included: Ninety couples where the female was HCV positive, 78 couples where the male was HCV positive, and 1256 control couples where both the male and female were HCV negative by for the presence of HCV RNA and antibodies. RESULTS All experimental and control groups (HCV-positive men, HCV-positive women, and controls) had similar sperm parameters, ovarian stimulation, fertilization and pregnancy results. CONCLUSION HCV infection has no affection on IVF treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The 3 Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mengolia Medical UniversityBaotou 014010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou 014030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueru Song
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. The effects of chronic infection include cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result of shared routes of transmission, co-infection with HIV is a substantial problem, and individuals infected with both viruses have poorer outcomes than do peers infected with one virus. No effective vaccine exists, although persistent HCV infection is potentially curable. The standard of care has been subcutaneous interferon alfa and oral ribavirin for 24-72 weeks. This treatment results in a sustained virological response in around 50% of individuals, and is complicated by clinically significant adverse events. In the past 10 years, advances in HCV cell culture have enabled an improved understanding of HCV virology, which has led to development of many new direct-acting antiviral drugs that target key components of virus replication. These direct-acting drugs allow for simplified and shortened treatments for HCV that can be given as oral regimens with increased tolerability and efficacy than interferon and ribavirin. Remaining obstacles include access to appropriate care and treatment, and development of a vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Webster
- Department of Virology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoffrey M Dusheiko
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bertol BC, Moreira S, Garcia RFL, Ferreira LE, Debortoli G, Pinho MDSL, Amendola-Pires M, Maciel AMDA, Brandço-Mello CE, de França PHC. IL28B gene polymorphisms in mono- and HIV-coinfected chronic hepatitis C patients. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:153. [PMID: 25788894 PMCID: PMC4349181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance were identified near the IL28B gene. Coinfection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the course of HCV contributing to liver damage. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between these SNPs and HCV/HIV coinfection. Our aim was to estimate the frequencies of the allelic and genotypic variants of the IL28B polymorphisms rs12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) and their possible association with the establishment of HCV infection. Methodology: A total of 199 non-infected controls and 230 patients with chronic hepatitis C, including 53 coinfected with HIV, participated in the study. Genotyping consisted of polymerase chain reaction and subsequent analysis of the restriction patterns resulting from exposure to endonucleases. Results: Among the controls with established results, 47.4% (90/190) exhibited the rs12979860 CC genotype, 43.7 CT, and 8.9% TT, whereas 29.1% (66/227), 51.5%, and 19.4% of the patients exhibited the CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. With respect to rs8099917, 66.8% (133/199) of the controls exhibited the TT genotype, 31.2% TG, and 2.0% GG, whereas 56.1% (129/230), 40.9%, and 3.0% of the patients exhibited the TT, TG, and GG genotypes, respectively. Conclusion: The frequencies of the rs12979860 C allele and CC genotype and of the rs8099917 T allele and TT genotype were significantly higher among controls compared with patients, thus confirming the suggested protective effect against HCV infection. No significant difference was observed in the genotype and allelic distributions between the mono- and coinfected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Bertol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Simone Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Raquel F L Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil ; Hospital Municipal São José, Joinville Brazil
| | - Leslie E Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Debortoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Souza Leite Pinho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil ; Hospital Municipal São José, Joinville Brazil
| | - Marcia Amendola-Pires
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E Brandço-Mello
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo H C de França
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Sacchi P, Cima S, Corbella M, Comolli G, Chiesa A, Baldanti F, Klersy C, Novati S, Mulatto P, Mariconti M, Bazzocchi C, Puoti M, Pagani L, Filice G, Bruno R. Liver fibrosis, microbial translocation and immune activation markers in HIV and HCV infections and in HIV/HCV co-infection. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:218-25. [PMID: 25544657 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is accelerated in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C viruses. AIMS We investigated the correlation between liver fibrosis, immune activation and microbial translocation. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mono-infections, HIV/HCV co-infection, and healthy controls (20 subjects/group). Peripheral blood was analysed to determine the levels of Forkhead box 3 (Foxp3) T cells, TGF-β1, CD14 (soluble and surface isoforms), IL-17 and bacterial translocation products. These measurements were correlated to the severity of liver fibrosis, measured with the FIB-4 score and transient elastography. RESULTS Foxp3T cell levels were significantly elevated in HIV mono-infected and co-infected groups (p<0.0005). FIB-4 and liver stiffness values inversely correlated with TGF-β1 (p=0.0155 and p=0.0498). Bacterial DNA differed significantly in the HIV-positive compared to the other groups: HIV/HCV co-infected subjects had significantly higher serum levels of bacterial translocation products, CD14, and IL-17 levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis stage in HIV/HCV co-infection may be influenced by immune activation due either by viral infections or to bacterial translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sacchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Cima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Corbella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuditta Comolli
- Molecular and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Chiesa
- Molecular and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biometry, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Novati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mulatto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Pagani
- Microbiology Institution, University of Pavia, Italy; Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Filice
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bruno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lee JH, Seo HS, Kwon JH, Kim HT, Kwon KC, Sim SJ, Cha YJ, Lee J. Multiplex diagnosis of viral infectious diseases (AIDS, hepatitis C, and hepatitis A) based on point of care lateral flow assay using engineered proteinticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 69:213-25. [PMID: 25747506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA) is an attractive method for rapid, simple, and cost-effective point of care diagnosis. For LFA-based multiplex diagnosis of three viral intractable diseases (acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hepatitis C and A), here we developed proteinticle-based 7 different 3D probes that display different viral antigens on their surface, which were synthesized in Escherichia coli by self-assembly of human ferritin heavy chain that was already engineered by genetically linking viral antigens to its C-terminus. Each of the three test lines on LFA strip contains the proteinticle probes to detect disease-specific anti-viral antibodies. Compared to peptide probes, the proteinticle probes were evidently more sensitive, and the proteinticle probe-based LFA successfully diagnosed all the 20 patient sera per each disease without a false negative signal, whereas the diagnostic sensitivities in the peptide probe-based LFAs were 65-90%. Duplex and triplex assays performed with randomly mixed patient sera gave only true positive signals for all the 20 serum mixtures without any false positive signals, indicating 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. It seems that on the proteinticle surface the antigenic peptides have homogeneous orientation and conformation without inter-peptide clustering and hence lead to the enhanced diagnostic performance with solving the problems of traditional diagnostic probes. Although the multiplex diagnosis of three viral diseases above was demonstrated as proof-of-concept here, the proposed LFA system can be applied to multiplex point of care diagnosis of other intractable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Seong Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo Chul Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Cha
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-Ro 84, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Ro 145, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Martinez JP, Sasse F, Brönstrup M, Diez J, Meyerhans A. Antiviral drug discovery: broad-spectrum drugs from nature. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:29-48. [PMID: 25315648 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2014. The development of drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activities is a long pursued goal in drug discovery. It has been shown that blocking co-opted host-factors abrogates the replication of many viruses, yet the development of such host-targeting drugs has been met with scepticism mainly due to toxicity issues and poor translation to in vivo models. With the advent of new and more powerful screening assays and prediction tools, the idea of a drug that can efficiently treat a wide range of viral infections by blocking specific host functions has re-bloomed. Here we critically review the state-of-the-art in broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery. We discuss putative targets and treatment strategies, with particular focus on natural products as promising starting points for antiviral lead development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Martinez
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Bamford A, Turkova A, Lyall H, Foster C, Klein N, Bastiaans D, Burger D, Bernadi S, Butler K, Chiappini E, Clayden P, Della Negra M, Giacomet V, Giaquinto C, Gibb D, Galli L, Hainaut M, Koros M, Marques L, Nastouli E, Niehues T, Noguera-Julian A, Rojo P, Rudin C, Scherpbier HJ, Tudor-Williams G, Welch SB. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life. HIV Med 2015; 19:e1-e42. [PMID: 25649230 PMCID: PMC5724658 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2015 Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines provide practical recommendations on the management of HIV‐1 infection in children in Europe and are an update to those published in 2009. Aims of treatment have progressed significantly over the last decade, moving far beyond limitation of short‐term morbidity and mortality to optimizing health status for adult life and minimizing the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune system development and health in general. Additionally, there is a greater need for increased awareness and minimization of long‐term drug toxicity. The main updates to the previous guidelines include: an increase in the number of indications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at all ages (higher CD4 thresholds for consideration of ART initiation and additional clinical indications), revised guidance on first‐ and second‐line ART recommendations, including more recently available drug classes, expanded guidance on management of coinfections (including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and additional emphasis on the needs of adolescents as they approach transition to adult services. There is a new section on the current ART ‘pipeline’ of drug development, a comprehensive summary table of currently recommended ART with dosing recommendations. Differences between PENTA and current US and World Health Organization guidelines are highlighted and explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bamford
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Turkova
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - H Lyall
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Foster
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Bastiaans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands
| | - D Burger
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernadi
- University Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - K Butler
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin & University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Chiappini
- Meyer University Hospital, Florence University, Florence, Italy
| | | | - M Della Negra
- Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Giacomet
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Giaquinto
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - D Gibb
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - L Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Hainaut
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Koros
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - L Marques
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Department, Porto Central Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Nastouli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - T Niehues
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - A Noguera-Julian
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rojo
- 12th of October Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rudin
- University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H J Scherpbier
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Savale L, Sattler C, Günther S, Montani D, Chaumais MC, Perrin S, Jaïs X, Seferian A, Jovan R, Bulifon S, Parent F, Simonneau G, Humbert M, Sitbon O. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients treated with interferon. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1627-34. [PMID: 25323231 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00057914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolated cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients treated with interferon (IFN) α or β have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe all consecutive cases of PAH patients with a history of IFN exposure identified in the French reference centre for severe pulmonary hypertension between 1998 and 2012. A total of 53 patients with PAH and a history of IFN therapy were identified. 48 patients had been treated with IFNα for chronic hepatitis C. Most of them had portal hypertension (85%) and 56% had HIV co-infection. Five additional patients had been treated with IFNβ for multiple sclerosis. The diagnosis of PAH was made within 3 years after IFN therapy in 66% of patients. Repeated haemodynamic assessment was available in 13 out of 16 patients exposed to IFN after the diagnosis of PAH. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance >20% was observed in 11 out of 13 cases (median 43% increase; IQR 32-67%). In five of these patients, IFN withdrawal resulted in spontaneous haemodynamic improvement. This retrospective analysis suggests that IFN therapy may trigger PAH. However, most of these patients had other risk factors for PAH. A prospective case-control study is necessary to definitively establish a link between IFN exposure and PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Caroline Sattler
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Sven Günther
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marie-Camille Chaumais
- UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France Univ. Paris-sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, France AP-HP, Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Swanny Perrin
- UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France Univ. Paris-sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Andrei Seferian
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Roland Jovan
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Sophie Bulifon
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Florence Parent
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Gérald Simonneau
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France UMR_S 999, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Fernández-Rodríguez A, Berenguer J, Rallón N, Jiménez-Sousa MA, López JC, Soriano V, García-Álvarez M, Cosín J, Martínez P, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Miralles P, Miguel Benito J, Resino S. PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with sustained virological response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients under HCV therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:113-9. [PMID: 25072612 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ2) rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism is associated with the response to pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients, and whether it is able to predict the outcome of HCV treatment. DESIGN Retrospective follow-up study. METHODS Two hundred eighty-five naive patients, who started HCV-treatment, were genotyped for PPARγ2 and interleukin 28B polymorphisms. Genetic data were analyzed under dominant inheritance model. Sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV viremia through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment. RESULTS The variables significantly associated with SVR in a multivariate analysis were HCV-genotype (GT) 3 {adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.66 [95% of confidence interval (95% CI): 3.96 to 14.81] P < 0.001}, HCV-viremia <500,000 IU/mL [aOR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.15] P = 0.015), no/mild liver fibrosis (F < 2) [aOR = 1.92 (95% CI: 1.08 to 3.42) P = 0.026], IL28B rs12980275 AA genotype [aOR = 2.70 (95% CI: 1.54 to 4.71) P < 0.001], and PPARγ2 rs1801282 CG/GG genotype [aOR = 2.93 (95% CI: 1.27 to 6.72) P = 0.011]. When PPARγ2 rs1801282 genotype was included in a decision tree analysis, HCV-GT3 patients with CG/GG genotype had increased SVR from 80.3% to 100%. In GT1/4 patients, rs12980275 AA carriers had increased SVR from 58.7% to 78.6%, and rs12980275 AG/GG carriers had increased SVR from 28.7% to 35.7%. The overall percentage of patients correctly classified was 71.6% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.766 ± 0.028. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PPARγ2 rs1801282 G allele (Ala variant) was associated with increased odds for achieving SVR in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients on HCV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- *Unidad de Infección viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; †Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH; Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón," Madrid, Spain; ‡Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; §IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid Spain; and ‖Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ruiseñor-Escudero H, Wirtz AL, Berry M, Mfochive-Njindan I, Paikan F, Yousufi HA, Yadav RS, Burnham G, Vu A. Risky behavior and correlates of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus infection among people who inject drugs in three cities in Afghanistan. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:127-33. [PMID: 25131717 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting drug use is the primary mode of HIV transmission and acquisition in Afghanistan. People who inject drugs (PWID) in the country have been characterized by high risk injecting behavior and a high burden of HCV infection. We aimed to estimate the burden of HIV, HCV, and other infectious diseases and to identify the correlates of HIV and HCV infection among PWID living in three major Afghan cities in 2009. METHODS Epidemiologic data was collected among PWID for the integrated biological and behavioral surveillance (IBBS) survey between May and August, 2009 in three Afghan cities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and biologic specimens to screen for HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, and HSV-2 using rapid testing kits. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify correlates of infection. RESULTS Among 548 participants, pooled HIV prevalence was 7.1% (Mazar-i-Sharif: 1.0%, Kabul: 3.1%, Herat: 18.4%) and HCV prevalence was 40.3%. Almost all participants with HIV infection were co-infected with HCV (94.9%). Pooled prevalence estimates for other diseases included 7.1% for HBV, 5.5% for syphilis; and 9.3% for HSV-2. Living in Herat, ever in prison and time injecting were independently associated with HIV infection. Living in Kabul, Herat and time injecting were independently associated with HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS There is a high and heterogeneous burden of HIV and HCV among PWID in Afghan cities. Provision of comprehensive harm reduction services to PWID in Afghanistan is warranted to reduce exposures associated with HIV and HCV infection, especially in the city of Herat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Ruiseñor-Escudero
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, 965 E Fee Hall Suite A227, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Andrea L Wirtz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark Berry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iliassou Mfochive-Njindan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Feda Paikan
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hussain A Yousufi
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | - Gilbert Burnham
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Vu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Clausen LN, Lundbo LF, Benfield T. Hepatitis C virus infection in the human immunodeficiency virus infected patient. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12132-12143. [PMID: 25232248 PMCID: PMC4161799 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share the same transmission routes; therefore, coinfection is frequent. An estimated 5-10 million individuals alone in the western world are infected with both viruses. The majority of people acquire HCV by injection drug use and, to a lesser extent, through blood transfusion and blood products. Recently, there has been an increase in HCV infections among men who have sex with men. In the context of effective antiretroviral treatment, liver-related deaths are now more common than Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-related deaths among HIV-HCV coinfected individuals. Morbidity and mortality rates from chronic HCV infection will increase because the infection incidence peaked in the mid-1980s and because liver disease progresses slowly and is clinically silent to cirrhosis and end-stage-liver disease over a 15-20 year time period for 15%-20% of chronically infected individuals. HCV treatment has rapidly changed with the development of new direct-acting antiviral agents; therefore, cure rates have greatly improved because the new treatment regimens target different parts of the HCV life cycle. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis and the natural course of HCV as well as current and future strategies for HCV therapy in the context of HIV-HCV coinfection in the western world.
Collapse
|
97
|
HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000-2010: prevalence and case characteristics. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:1408-16. [PMID: 25170631 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using surveillance data, we describe the prevalence and characteristics of individuals in New York City (NYC) co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Surveillance databases including persons reported to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene with HIV, HBV, and HCV by 31 December 2010 and not known to be dead as of 1 January 2000, were matched with 2000-2011 vital statistics mortality data. Of 140 606 persons reported with HIV, 4% were co-infected with HBV only, 15% were co-infected with HCV only, and 1% were co-infected with HBV and HCV. In all groups, 70-80% were male. The most common race/ethnicity and HIV transmission risk groups were non-Hispanic blacks and men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV/HBV infection, and non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and injection drug users for HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections. The overall age-adjusted 2000-2011 mortality was higher in co-infected than HIV mono-infected individuals. Use of population-based surveillance data provided a comprehensive characterization of HIV co-infection with HBV and HCV. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting HIV and viral hepatitis testing and prevention efforts to populations at risk for co-infection, and of integrating HIV and viral hepatitis care and testing services.
Collapse
|
98
|
Swaminathan G, Pascual D, Rival G, Perales-Linares R, Martin-Garcia J, Navas-Martin S. Hepatitis C virus core protein enhances HIV-1 replication in human macrophages through TLR2, JNK, and MEK1/2-dependent upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3501-10. [PMID: 25131930 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their differential cell tropisms, HIV-1 and HCV dramatically influence disease progression in coinfected patients. Macrophages are important target cells of HIV-1. We hypothesized that secreted HCV core protein might modulate HIV-1 replication. We demonstrate that HCV core significantly enhances HIV-1 replication in human macrophages by upregulating TNF-α and IL-6 via TLR2-, JNK-, and MEK1/2-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we show that TNF-α and IL-6 secreted from HCV core-treated macrophages reactivates monocytic U1 cells latently infected with HIV-1. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized role of HCV core by enhancing HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Daniel Pascual
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Master of Science in Forensic Science Program, Professional Studies in the Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Germaine Rival
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Master of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Program, Professional Studies in the Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Julio Martin-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Sonia Navas-Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Kosack CS, Nick S, Shanks L. Diagnostic accuracy evaluation of the ImmunoFlow HCV rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of hepatitis C antibodies. J Virol Methods 2014; 204:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
100
|
Low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in a medium size city in southern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 18:689-90. [PMID: 25066050 PMCID: PMC9425223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|