51
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Fink DM, Mans C. Use of Amlodipine in Psittacine Birds: 5 Cases (2010-2018). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:155-160. [PMID: 34256545 DOI: 10.1647/19-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure with minimal adverse effects in mammals. To provide a retrospective evaluation of amlodipine use in psittacine birds, medical records were reviewed for all avian patients prescribed amlodipine for treatment for the presumptive diagnosis of hypertension, based on clinical signs and indirect blood pressure measurements. Five birds were treated with amlodipine between 2010 and 2018. The median age was 33 years (range, 22-37 years) and 3/5 birds presented for ataxia or seizures. The median indirect systolic blood pressure at diagnosis was 243 mm Hg (range, 200-275 mm Hg). In 3/5 birds, amlodipine was the only drug prescribed, whereas, in 2/5 birds, enalapril was also prescribed in addition to amlodipine. In addition to the prescription of enalapril, blood pressure measurements were obtained indirectly, which are variables to be considered in this report. The initial median dose of amlodipine prescribed was 0.4 mg/kg (range, 0.1-0.4 mg/kg) PO q24h. In 3/5 birds, amlodipine administration was increased either in dose or frequency. Median follow-up time was 25 months (range, 2-55 months) after the initiation of amlodipine treatment. Owners in all 5 cases reported improvement of clinical signs by a median time of 2 months (range, 1-15 months). Three of 5 birds (60%) demonstrated a decreasing trend in blood pressure during the first 6 months after treatment with amlodipine was started (average, ≥20% decrease). Prospective, controlled studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of amlodipine in psittacine birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M Fink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA,
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52
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Golzarand M, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary choline and betaine intake and risk of hypertension development: a 7.4-year follow-up. Food Funct 2021; 12:4072-4078. [PMID: 33977970 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The evidence for a linkage between dietary intake of choline and betaine, a choline metabolism product, and the risk of hypertension (HTN) is limited. The current population-based cohort study was designed to investigate the possible association between dietary intake of choline and betaine with the risk of HTN in adults. This cohort study was conducted on the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary intake of choline and betaine was calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Hypertension was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or used drugs to treat hypotension. In this study, 2865 subjects participated and followed-up for a median of 7.4 years. During the follow-up period, 623 patients with hypertension (22.1%) were detected. Our results revealed per every 100 mg increased dietary intake of choline, the risk of developing HTN decreased by 16% (0.84; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.96, P for trend = 0.009). No significant association was observed between habitual dietary intake of betaine and the risk of HTN (1.10; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.38, P for trend = 0.21). After stratification based on age, sex, and BMI, each 100 mg per d increase in dietary choline decreased the risk of HTN occurrence in subjects younger than 55 years old by 17% (0.83; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.96) and men by 21% (0.79; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.95). The current study's findings provide further support to confirm the protective properties of choline and choline-rich foods against HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdul Aziz NS, Ambak R, Othman F, He FJ, Yusof M, Paiwai F, Abdul Ghaffar S, Mohd Yusof MF, Cheong SM, MacGregor G, Aris T. Risk factors related with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS) 2017-2018. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:14. [PMID: 34059146 PMCID: PMC8165759 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sodium intake was an established risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the MyCoSS study. METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia. A multi-stage stratified sampling was used to represent nationally. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from a total of 900 respondents. Indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method was used to measure sodium intake. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion. RESULTS A total of 798 respondents (76% response rate) completed the 24-h urine collection process. Logistic regression revealed that high sodium intake associated with obese [aOR 2.611 (95% CI 1.519, 4.488)], male [aOR 2.436 (95% CI 1.473, 4.030)], having a waist circumference of > 90cm for adult males [aOR 2.260 ( 95% CI 1.020, 5.009) and >80cm for adult females [aOR 1.210 (95% CI 0.556, 2.631)], being a young adult [aOR 1.977 (95% CI 1.094, 3.574)], and living in urban areas [aOR 1.701 (95% CI 1.094, 2.645)]. CONCLUSION Adults who are obese, have a large waist circumference, of male gender, living in urban areas, and belonging to the young adult age group were found to have higher sodium intake than other demographic groups. Hence, reduction of salt consumption among these high-risk groups should be emphasised to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Ambak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Othman
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Feng J. He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Muslimah Yusof
- Paediatric Department, Women and Children Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Paiwai
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusof
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siew Man Cheong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Graham MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
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54
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Venkatakrishnan K, Chiu HF, Wang CK. Impact of functional foods and nutraceuticals on high blood pressure with a special focus on meta-analysis: review from a public health perspective. Food Funct 2021; 11:2792-2804. [PMID: 32248209 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent times many researchers are expressing immense interest in nutraceuticals and functional foods for combating various diseases or abnormal conditions, especially against hypertension (HT). Persistent HT is medically referred to as chronic high blood pressure (BP) and considered to be one of the major risk factors for the deadliest diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence HT poses a serious socio-economic burden worldwide, particularly to developing countries. The current treatment strategy for HT includes standard anti-hypertensive drugs, which are associated with many adverse effects and lower drug adherence rates. Therefore, an alternative or complementary natural therapy (functional foods or nutraceuticals or dietary supplements) would be the alternate choice along with a modified lifestyle pattern that might help to manage or combat HT and its related complications. During this review, the author would like to shed light on the basic science behind HT including pathophysiology and the impact of dietary salt on HT and the impact of various functional foods or nutraceuticals against HT in humans (meta-analysis and systemic review). This contribution gives a better idea (public health perspective) for choosing the best functional foods/nutraceuticals for the prevention, management or delaying the onset of HT and its associated conditions along with modified lifestyle patterns and standard anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung-40301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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55
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Li Q, Liu C, Zhang S, Li R, Zhang Y, He P, Zhang Z, Liu M, Zhou C, Ye Z, Wu Q, Li H, Qin X. Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China. Hypertension 2021; 78:422-430. [PMID: 33550823 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Li
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.).,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, China (Q.L., C.L., S.Z., R.L., X.Q.)
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.).,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, China (Q.L., C.L., S.Z., R.L., X.Q.)
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, China (Q.L., C.L., S.Z., R.L., X.Q.)
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, China (Q.L., C.L., S.Z., R.L., X.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Panpan He
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | | | - Mengyi Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Chun Zhou
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Ziliang Ye
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Qimeng Wu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Huan Li
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.)
| | - Xianhui Qin
- From the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, China (Q.L., C.L., Y.Z., P.H., Z.Z., M.L., C.Z., Z.Y., Q.W., H.L., X.Q.).,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, China (Q.L., C.L., S.Z., R.L., X.Q.)
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56
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Mahdavi A, Mohammadi H, Foshati S, Shokri‐Mashhadi N, Clark CCT, Moafi A, Rouhani MH. Effects of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile in adolescents with hemophilia: A randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:145-153. [PMID: 33473278 PMCID: PMC7802541 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with hemophilia are an enhanced risk of modifiable cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. There is currently no nutritional guideline to prevent or manage cardiometabolic risk factors in these patients. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among children with hemophilia. In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 40 children (all male) with hemophilia were randomly allocated to the DASH group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20) for 10 weeks. The intervention group received the DASH diet (50%-55% of energy from carbohydrate, 27%-30% of energy from fat and 16%-18% energy from protein), and the control group received nutritional recommendations based on healthy eating practices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Serum vitamin C was measured as a biomarker of compliance with the DASH diet. Study was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N6). A significant increase in serum vitamin C in the DASH diet group was observed compared to the control group (p = .001), indicating good compliance with the DASH diet. There was a significant reduction in SBP (-0.48 mmHg), DBP (-0.48 mmHg), FBS (-5.86 mg/dl), TC (-16.07 mg/dl), TG (-17.21 mg/dl), and LDL-C (-9.79 mg/dl), and a significant increase in HDL-C (3.39 mg/dl), in the DASH diet group compared with the control group. Adherence to the DASH diet in children with hemophilia yielded beneficial effects in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mahdavi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri‐Mashhadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Alireza Moafi
- Pediatric Hematology and OncologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Matsuzaki K, Shido O, Yoshino K. The journey from white rice to ultra-high hydrostatic pressurized brown rice: an excellent endeavor for ideal nutrition from staple food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1502-1520. [PMID: 33190522 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1844138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although brown rice (BR) contains significantly higher levels of nutrients than the traditionally used polished white rice (WR), its consumption among the population is still not noteworthy. WR and BR are essentially same grain. The only difference between the two is the application of an exhaustive milling procedure during the processing of WR that removes all other layers of the grain except the portion of its white endosperm. BR, on the other hand, is prepared by removing only the outer hull of the rice seed. Thus, in addition to its inner endosperm, the bran and germ are also left on the BR. Hence, BR retains all its nutrients, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins, minerals, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) packed into the bran and germ of the seed. Since BR tastes nutty and takes longer to cook than WR, it is not appreciated by the consumers. However, these problems have been circumvented using non-thermal ultra-high hydrostatic pressure (UHHP)-processing for the treatment of BR. A superior modification in the physicochemical and functional qualities of UHHPBR, along with its ability to curb human diseases may make it a more palatable and nutritious choice of rice over WR or the untreated-BR. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism by which UHHP treatment leads to the modification of nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and fibers. We have focused on the effects of rice on cell and animal models of different conditions such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension and the possible mechanisms. Finally, we have emphasized the effects of UHHPBR in human cases with rare conditions such as osteoporosis and brain cognition - two age-related degenerative diseases of the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.,Departmnet of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Sussman EJ, Singh B, Clegg D, Palmer BF, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Let Them Eat Healthy: Can Emerging Potassium Binders Help Overcome Dietary Potassium Restrictions in Chronic Kidney Disease? J Ren Nutr 2020; 30:475-483. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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59
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Raj P, Ames N, Joseph Thandapilly S, Yu L, Netticadan T. The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13402. [PMID: 32713035 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the blood pressure (BP) lowering and cardioprotective effects of oat avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or in combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five-weeks-old male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats received vehicle, avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or a combination of avenanthramide C and beta-glucan via gavage for 15 weeks. BP was measured at 0, 10, and 15 weeks of treatment. Echocardiography was performed at 15 weeks of treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation were also measured. Beta-glucan alone prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic BP in SHR, but avenanthramide C alone or the combination did not prevent the increase in systolic and diastolic BP. SHRs treated with beta-glucan and not avenanthramide C or the combination reduced isovolumetric relaxation time when compared to SHR treated with vehicle. Beta-glucan and avenanthramide C decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in SHR. In conclusion, beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiovascular abnormalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oats products are believed to contain many bioactives that possess potential beneficial properties against chronic diseases. Specifically, oats beta-glucan has been well-established for its efficacy in positively modulating the risk factor for dyslipidemia. This preliminary in vivo study shows that beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiac dysfunction as well. In light of the current findings, further human studies may establish the efficacy of oats beta-glucan in hypertensive patients alongside the current antihypertensive medications. This novel attribute established via rigorous studies may provide an impetus for oats products and oats industry. Last but not least, it will also help improve the cardiovascular disease burden in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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60
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Tyner E, Oropeza M, Figueroa J, Peña ICD. Childhood Hypertension and Effects on Cognitive Functions: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:677-686. [PMID: 31749437 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191017155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension is currently one of the most common health concerns in children, given its effects not only on cardiovascular but also cognitive functions. There is accumulating evidence suggesting neurocognitive dysfunction in hypertensive children that could persist even into adulthood. Identifying the precise mechanism(s) underlying the association between childhood hypertension and cognitive dysfunction is crucial as it could potentially lead to the discovery of "druggable" biological targets facilitating the development of treatments. Here, we discuss some of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying childhood hypertension and cognitive deficits and suggest strategies to address some of the current challenges in the field. The various research studies involving hypertensive adults indicate that long-term hypertension may produce abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity, chronic inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, or hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia, which could lead to alterations in the brain's structure and functions, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. In light of the current literature, we propose that dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis, modifications in endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the gut microbiome may also modulate cognitive functions in hypertensive individuals. Moreover, the above-mentioned pathological states may further intensify the detrimental effects of hypertension on cognitive functions. Thus, treatments that target not only hypertension but also its downstream effects may prove useful in ameliorating hypertension-induced cognitive deficits. Much remains to be clarified about the mechanisms and treatments of hypertension-induced cognitive outcomes in pediatric populations. Addressing the knowledge gaps in this field entails conducting not only clinical research but also rigorous basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tyner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Marie Oropeza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Johnny Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, and Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
| | - Ike C Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
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Yousefi M, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Insights to potential antihypertensive activity of berry fruits. Phytother Res 2020; 35:846-863. [PMID: 32959938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, Mihas CC, Dimitriadis KS, Sotiropoulou LI, Chrysochoou CA, Nihoyannopoulos PI, Tousoulis DM. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with and without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1150-1160. [PMID: 32330233 PMCID: PMC7490167 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recognized as an effective dietary intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP). However, among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the DASH diet-mediated BP reduction, there are significant methodological and clinical differences. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the DASH diet effect on BP in adults with and without hypertension, accounting for underlying methodological and clinical confounders. We systematically searched Medline and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases and identified 30 RCTs (n = 5545 participants) that investigated the BP effects of the DASH diet compared with a control diet in hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults. Both random-effects and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the mean attained systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences during follow-up. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. Compared with a control diet, the DASH diet reduced both SBP and DBP (difference in means: -3.2 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.2, -2.3 mm Hg; P < 0.001, and -2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.5, -1.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001, respectively). Hypertension status did not modify the effect on BP reduction. The DASH diet compared with a control diet reduced SBP levels to a higher extent in trials with sodium intake >2400 mg/d than in trials with sodium intake ≤2400 mg/d, whereas both SBP and DBP were reduced more in trials with mean age <50 y than in trials of older participants. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The adoption of the DASH diet was accompanied by significant BP reduction in adults with and without hypertension, although higher daily sodium intake and younger age enhanced the BP-lowering effect of the intervention. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42019128120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Filippou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas P Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Costas C Mihas
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos S Dimitriadis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida I Sotiropoulou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina A Chrysochoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros I Nihoyannopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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63
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Arvizu M, Stuart JJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Gaskins AJ, Rosner B, Chavarro JE. Prepregnancy adherence to dietary recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in relation to risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1429-1437. [PMID: 32778894 PMCID: PMC7727486 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether adherence to diet recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is also related to the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHTN). OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate the relation of prepregnancy adherence to the American Heart Association (AHA) diet recommendations and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) with the risk of pre-eclampsia and GHTN. METHODS Between 1991 and 2009, we prospectively followed 16,892 singleton pregnancies among 11,535 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study II. Prepregnancy diet was assessed every 4 y, from which we calculated dietary pattern scores from the DASH diet (8 components) and the diet recommendations from the AHA 2020 Strategic Impact Goals (primary score: 5 components; secondary score: primary score plus 3 components). Pregnancy outcomes were self-reported, and we estimated the RR (95% CI) of pre-eclampsia and GHTN with log-binomial regression using generalized estimating equations to account for repeat pregnancies and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Women had a mean (SD) age of 34.4 (34.0) y at pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia was reported in 495 (2.9%) pregnancies and GHTN in 561 (3.3%) pregnancies. The RR (95% CI) of pre-eclampsia for women in the highest quintile of the DASH was 0.65 (0.48, 0.87) compared with women in the lowest score quintile. A similar inverse trend was observed for the AHA primary (0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.00) and secondary (0.81; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.07) scores comparing women in the highest versus the lowest score quintile. Neither the DASH nor the AHA scores were related to GHTN. CONCLUSIONS Women with higher adherence to dietary recommendations for the prevention of CVD in the general population had a lower risk of pre-eclampsia-a common pregnancy complication related to higher CVD risk among women-than women with lower adherence to these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Arvizu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Stuart
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Al-Majdoub M, Spégel P, Bennet L. Metabolite profiling paradoxically reveals favorable levels of lipids, markers of oxidative stress and unsaturated fatty acids in a diabetes susceptible group of Middle Eastern immigrants. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:597-603. [PMID: 31863321 PMCID: PMC7160074 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The population of immigrants from the Middle East in Sweden show a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to native Swedes. The exact reason for this is unknown. Here, we have performed metabolite profiling to investigate these differences. METHODS Metabolite profiling was conducted in Iraqi immigrants (n = 93) and native Swedes (n = 77) using two complementary mass spectrometry-based platforms. Differences in metabolite levels were compared after adjustment for confounding anthropometric, diet and clinical variables. RESULTS The Iraqi immigrant population were more obese (44.1 vs 24.7%, p < 0.05), but had a lower prevalence of hypertension (32.3 vs 54.8%, p < 0.01) than the native Swedish population. We detected 140 metabolites, 26 of which showed different levels between populations (q < 0.05,) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, T2D and use of metformin. Twenty-two metabolites remained significant after further adjustment for HOMA-IR, HOMA-beta or insulin sensitivity index. Levels of polyunsaturated acylcarnitines (14:2 and 18:2) and fatty acid (18:2) were higher, whereas those of saturated and monounsaturated acylcarnitines (14:0, 18:1, and 8:1), fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:1), uremic solutes (urate and quinate) and ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate) were lower in Iraqi immigrants. Further, levels of phospholipids were generally lower in the Iraqi immigrant population. CONCLUSIONS Our result suggests an overall beneficial lipid profile in Iraqi immigrants, despite a higher risk to develop T2D. Higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids may suggest differences in dietary pattern, which in turn may reduce the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Family Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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65
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Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:4549031. [PMID: 32395338 PMCID: PMC7201512 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4549031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are commonly used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, and pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) can provide additional information. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with these cardiovascular risk markers. This cross-sectional study involved 1839 men and women aged 40-60 years. Data on SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, sociodemography, lifestyle, anthropometry, and lipids were collected. Gender-stratified linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between log-transformed blood pressure indices and the study variables. Age was associated with all measured blood pressure indices (p < 0.001) among men and women. Men had higher SBP (p=0.007) and PP (p < 0.001) than women. Nankana ethnicity was associated with higher PP levels (p < 0.005) in the total population. Vendor meal consumption among women was associated with higher PP levels (p < 0.05). Fruit intake among men was associated with lower PP levels (p < 0.05). Currently unmarried women had higher SBP (p < 0.005), DBP (p < 0.05), MAP (p < 0.005), and PP (p < 0.005) than currently married women. Pesticide exposure was negatively associated with SBP (p < 0.005), DBP (p < 0.005), MAP (p < 0.005), and PP (p < 0.05) among women. Increased subcutaneous fat was associated with DBP (p < 0.005) and MAP (p < 0.05) among women. Among men, hip circumference was associated with higher DBP and MAP (p < 0.05 for both associations), subcutaneous fat associated with higher SBP (p < 0.005), DBP (p < 0.001), and MAP (p < 0.001) and visceral fat was associated with higher PP (p < 0.05). In the total population, visceral fat was associated with higher DBP (p < 0.05) and MAP (p < 0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with SBP (p < 0.005), DBP (p < 0.005), and MAP (p < 0.001) for women and positively associated with SBP, DBP, and MAP (p < 0.001 for all three) and PP (p < 0.05) for men. The association of blood pressure indices with modifiable risk factors suggests that targeted health interventions may reduce CVD risk in this population.
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66
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Jama HA, Marques FZ. Don't Take It With a Pinch of Salt: How Sodium Increases Blood Pressure via the Gut Microbiota. Circ Res 2020; 126:854-856. [PMID: 32213140 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
| | - Francine Z Marques
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.).,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
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67
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Association between hemoglobin A1c and acute ischemic stroke among patients with type-2 diabetes: a case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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68
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Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and hypertension risk: results of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1068-1077. [PMID: 31959262 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was independently associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. Participants included 5632 adults, without hypertension at the baseline (2008-2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, who took part in the second follow-up visit (2012-2014). Adherence to the DASH diet was estimated at baseline using a score based on eight food items (final scores from 8 to 40 points) and was categorised as high adherence (≥30 points, or ≥75 %) and low adherence (<75 %; reference). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. The association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of incident hypertension was estimated using Cox regression models adjusted by covariates. In total, 780 new cases of hypertension (13·8 %) were identified in about 3·8-year follow-up. Participants with high adherence to the DASH diet had 26 % lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, diabetes and family history of hypertension. The HR reduced to 0·81 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·04) and was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for BMI, suggesting that lower body weight explains about 10 % of the association between high adherence to the DASH diet and hypertension risk reduction. The results indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet lowered the risk of hypertension by one-fourth over a relatively short follow-up period.
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69
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Storz MA, Helle P. Atrial fibrillation risk factor management with a plant-based diet: A review. J Arrhythm 2019; 35:781-788. [PMID: 31844466 PMCID: PMC6898539 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in the clinical setting affecting approximately 34 million individuals worldwide. The disease is associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality resulting from stroke, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome. Atrial fibrillation is now a major public health problem with tremendous implications on the economy and the world's healthcare systems. Numerous risk factors and clinical conditions that are associated with the development and progression of atrial fibrillation have been identified in the past. Within the last decades, a shift in awareness toward modifiable conditions has been observed and risk factor management has gained significant momentum. In light of this, dietary approaches are of paramount importance. Whole-food plant-based diets emphasizing grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits and nuts and excluding most (or all) animal products have recently experienced a significantly increased interest. The purpose of this review is to present evidence suggestive of a plant-based diet being a valuable tool in atrial fibrillation risk factor management. The effects of a plant-based diet on both established and emerging risk factors, such as inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis, are reviewed in this article. A special focus is put on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Helle
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineDie FilderklinikFilderstadt‐BonlandenGermany
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70
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Lin SR, Lin SY, Chen CC, Fu YS, Weng CF. Exploring a New Natural Treating Agent for Primary Hypertension: Recent Findings and Forthcoming Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2003. [PMID: 31744165 PMCID: PMC6912567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension describes abnormally-high systolic/diastolic blood pressure in a resting condition caused by various genetic or environmental risk factors. Remarkably, severe complications, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease have led to primary hypertension becoming a huge burden for almost one-third of the total population. Medication is the major regimen for treating primary hypertension; however, recent medications may have adverse effects that attenuate energy levels. Hence, the search for new hypotensive agents from folk or traditional medicine may be fruitful in the discovery and development of new drugs. This review assembles recent findings for natural antihypertensive agents, extracts, or decoctions published in PubMed, and provides insights into the search for new hypotensive compounds based on blood-pressure regulating mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic/adrenergic receptor/calcium channel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Yea Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong,160 Zhongzheng S. Rd. Luodong, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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71
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Zhao Q, Miljkovic I. Weight Loss and Blood Pressure Changes, Roles Played by Genetic Susceptibility and Macronutrients. Hypertension 2019; 74:1300-1301. [PMID: 31656100 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- From the Department of Biostatistics, FMD K&L, Fort Washington, PA (Q.Z.)
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA (I.M.)
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72
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Mozaffari H, Ajabshir S, Alizadeh S. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and risk of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2035-2044. [PMID: 31669002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been favorably linked to important risk factors associated with development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, the protective role of DASH dietary patterns in development of CKD, as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), remains inconsistent in the literature. The aim of the current systematic review was to summarize the findings of previous observational studies and quantify the potential association between DASH dietary patterns and the risk of CKD using meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive search was done with the use of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases to find relevant articles published prior to June 2019. Search terms included: ([Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] OR [DASH]) AND ([Kidney Failure, Chronic] OR [Renal Insufficiency, Chronic] OR [Chronic Kidney Disease], OR [CKD] OR [End-Stage Renal Disease] OR [ESRD] OR [Kidney] OR [Renal]). To pool the risk estimates, fixed-effects and random-effects models were applied. Cochrane Q test was performed to detect sources of heterogeneity among the included studies. RESULTS Out of the seven studies included in the systematic review, six were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The total sample size was 568,213 participants including 16,694 cases of CKD. Combined risk estimates for 2 cross-sectional and 4 prospective cohort studies showed an inverse association between DASH dietary patterns and risk of CKD (Pooled risk estimate: 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.94; p = 0.01). Stratified analysis showed a marginally significant relationship between DASH dietary patterns and risk of CKD in prospective cohort studies (Pooled risk estimate: 0.79, 95% CI 0.61-1.01; p = 0.05), and no significant association in cross-sectional studies (Pooled risk estimate: 0.71, 95% CI 0.38-1.34; p = 0.29), respectively. A significant association was observed between DASH dietary patterns and risk of CKD in the studies extracted DASH based on nutrients (Pooled risk estimate: 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97; p = 0.02), compared to the studies extracted DASH based on food groups (Pooled risk estimate: 0.66, 95% CI 0.28-1.58; p = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed a significant inverse association between DASH dietary patterns and the risk of developing CKD. Adherence to DASH dietary patterns might have protective effects against CKD development and progression. Further research is required to confirm the certainty of estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Ajabshir
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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73
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Jurik R, Stastny P. Role of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1393. [PMID: 31492032 PMCID: PMC6780911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of diet and strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) seems to be very important for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (HT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ST alone or combined with nutrition or supplementation has an impact on the arterial pressure reduction in normotensive and hypertensive populations. A systematic computerized literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar; only English language studies published from 1999 until 2018 were included. This systematic search identified the results of 303 individuals from nine studies. The ST program alone had a similar effectiveness as the nutrition program (NP) alone; however, their combination did not result in increased effectiveness in terms of a high BP reduction. The consumption of L-citrulline had a similar effect as ST on lowering BP; on the other hand, caffeine led to an increase in BP during the ST session. Our data suggest that a combination of ST 2-3 times a week at moderate intensity and a NP seems to be equally effective in terms of lowering BP (systolic and diastolic) as ST and NP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jurik
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent evidence on the association of dietary carbohydrates (quantity, quality, and timing of intake) with hypertension (HTN) risk and out-of-clinic blood pressure (BP) measures. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on carbohydrate quantity are inconclusive, but low carbohydrate diets may be associated with lower BP. Plant-based carbohydrate-containing foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may lower HTN risk and 24-h BP. Excessive sugar intakes from sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with higher BP levels and HTN risk, with evidence of a dose-response relationship. Preliminary data suggest that timing of carbohydrate intake may influence HTN risk and 24-h BP. The role of carbohydrate nutrition in HTN's etiology warrants further investigation. Additional studies are needed to investigate the influence of dietary carbohydrates on HTN risk and the circadian pattern of BP, evaluate potential sex and racial/ethnic differences in these associations, and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Jahan Y, Moriyama M, Rahman MM, Rahman A. Self-monitoring urinary salt excretion device can be used for controlling hypertension for developing countries. Clin Hypertens 2019; 25:3. [PMID: 30923632 PMCID: PMC6419439 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-019-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of dietary salt is widely recommended in the management of hypertension, but assessment of individual salt intake has drawn little attention. Monitoring nutritional salt intake through sodium excretion has been popular, because the main route for sodium (Na) excretion is through the urine. Nonetheless, direct measurement of dietary salt intake is time consuming and lacks accuracy. To collect a 24-h urine and measure the content is difficult method for most patients. In this review paper, we would like to explore the usefulness of measuring urinary salt excretion by using a self-monitoring device at home. Measuring daily overnight urine by the self-monitoring device at home will be useful for the management of hypertension suitable for each individual. From the recent increase of processed foods, the term “salt intake” would not accurately be equal to “sodium intake”. Devices measuring urinary sodium excretion have been developed and evaluated on their accuracy and correlation with sodium intake. They must be handy, simple and capable of measuring large populations to be useful for monitoring of daily salt intake and to guide salt restriction as well as the long-term effects by dietary salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jahan
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Moriyama
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- 2Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Seangpraw K, Auttama N, Tonchoy P, Panta P. The effect of the behavior modification program Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) on reducing the risk of hypertension among elderly patients in the rural community of Phayao, Thailand. J Multidiscip Healthc 2019; 12:109-118. [PMID: 30774358 PMCID: PMC6362921 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s185569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) program with self-efficacy on reducing the risk of hypertension among elderly patients in the rural community of Phayao Province in Northern Thailand. Patients and methods A quasi-experimental study was employed among elderly patients in the rural community of Phayao. Multistage random sampling was used to select a study area with similar characteristics. Ninety elderly participants were placed in the intervention group and 85 elderly participants from the same village were placed in the control group. The intervention group used the behavior modification guidelines of the DASH program with self-efficacy for 3 months, including 45-minute weekly group education meetings, 25-minute group activity training sessions, and a 15-minute individual checklist. A control group received no intervention. Data were collected by using self-administered questionnaires. The analyses included descriptive statistics, the Mann−Whitney U-test, and sample t-testing. Three different time periods were examined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results More than half of the participants (65.7%) were aged 60–69 years. The results from comparison of the intervention and control groups showed that the perceived severity of hypertension and self-efficacy had increased and preventive behaviors toward hypertension had improved in both groups. There were statistically significant differences after the intervention and at 3-month follow-up (P<0.001). After the intervention, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the elderly people in the intervention group had decreased (P<0.001) Conclusion The behavior modification guidelines of the DASH program with self-efficacy, were effective in improving the mean score of perceived severity, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors among elderly participants with a high risk of hypertension. Furthermore, the program was effective in lowering blood pressure and it may be useful in controlling stage 1 hypertension in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisarat Auttama
- School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand,
| | - Prakasit Tonchoy
- School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand,
| | - Pitakpong Panta
- School of Nursing, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Bautista-Expósito S, Peñas E, Frias J, Martínez-Villaluenga C. Pilot-scale produced fermented lentil protects against t-BHP-triggered oxidative stress by activation of Nrf2 dependent on SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. Food Chem 2019; 274:750-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Diet-Related Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension During an 11-Year Follow-Up: The Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081077. [PMID: 30104485 PMCID: PMC6115751 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using long-term follow-up cohort data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, we assessed the dietary risk factors for incident hypertension (HTN). In total, 6792 subjects (3300 males and 3492 females) aged 40⁻69 years were included in the study. Physician-diagnosed HTN self-reported by the participants was used as the outcome. Daily intake of 20 food groups was assessed while using a dish-based semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. After controlling for known risk factors, the food groups that were most closely associated with HTN were identified by forward stepwise selection while using the Cox proportional hazards model. The median follow-up period was 11.5 years (interquartile range, 6.0⁻11.7 years) and the incidence of HTN was 20 per 1000 person-years. Older age, obesity, lower education level, high alcohol intake, and having at least one parent with HTN were associated with the risk for HTN. In addition, a high intake of salted seafood and a low intake of eggs and meat were independently associated with the incidence of HTN after controlling for the known risk factors. Those in the top quartile of salted seafood intake had a 28% greater risk for incident HTN than those in the bottom quartile. The population-attributable fraction of three dietary factors accounted for 29.0% of the incidence of HTN. A high intake of salted seafood and a low intake of eggs and meat were associated with a greater risk for HTN.
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Khan K, Jovanovski E, Ho HVT, Marques ACR, Zurbau A, Mejia SB, Sievenpiper JL, Vuksan V. The effect of viscous soluble fiber on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:3-13. [PMID: 29153856 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary fiber intake, especially viscous soluble fiber, has been established as a means to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors. Whether this is true for blood pressure remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effects of viscous soluble fiber supplementation on blood pressure and quantify the effect of individual fibers. DATA SYNTHESIS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. We included RCTs of ≥4-weeks in duration assessing viscous fiber supplementation from five types: β-glucan from oats and barley, guar gum, konjac, pectin and psyllium, on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Study data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two (N = 1430) and twenty-one RCTs (N = 1343) were included in the final analysis for SBP and DBP, respectively. Viscous fiber reduced SBP (MD = -1.59 mmHg [95% CI: -2.72,-0.46]) and DBP (MD = -0.39 mmHg [95% CI: -0.76,-0.01]) at a median dose of 8.7 g/day (1.45-30 g/day) over a median follow-up of 7-weeks. Substantial heterogeneity in SBP (I2 = 72%, P < 0.01) and DBP (I2 = 67%, P < 0.01) analysis occurred. Within the five fiber types, SBP reductions were observed only for supplementation using psyllium fiber (MD = -2.39 mmHg [95% CI: -4.62,-0.17]). CONCLUSION Viscous soluble fiber has an overall lowering effect on SBP and DBP. Inclusion of viscous fiber to habitual diets may have additional value in reducing CVD risk via improvement in blood pressure. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier-NCT02670967.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada
| | - E Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - H V T Ho
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A C R Marques
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - A Zurbau
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S B Mejia
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - J L Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Keenan Research Center of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Canada; Division of Endocrinology & Medicine, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - V Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, Canada; Keenan Research Center of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Canada; Division of Endocrinology & Medicine, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Al-Thani M, Al-Thani AA, Al-Mahdi N, Al-Kareem H, Barakat D, Al-Chetachi W, Tawfik A, Akram H. An Overview of Food Patterns and Diet Quality in Qatar: Findings from the National Household Income Expenditure Survey. Cureus 2017; 9:e1249. [PMID: 28630807 PMCID: PMC5472397 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Availability of accurate data pertaining to a population's dietary patterns and associated health outcomes is critical for proper development and implementation of related policies. This article is a first attempt to share the food patterns, amounts and diet quality among households (HH) in Qatar. METHODS Data from the 2012-2013 Qatar National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was used. This cross-sectional survey included 3723 HH (1826 Qatari HH and 1897 non-Qatari HH). Dietary data on monthly amounts food items available at HH according to the nationality was used. The food items were expressed in terms of grams per capita per day and aggregated into groups to examine the food patterns, energy, and adequacy. RESULTS The overall average amount of purchased food at HH in Qatar was 1885 g/capita/day. Qatari HH purchased more food (2118 g/capita/day) versus non-Qataris (1373 g/capita/day); however, the percentages of the amounts purchased by food types were similar among both nationalities. Average daily energy (kcal) per capita was almost double among Qatari HH (4275 kcal) vs. non-Qatari HH (2424 kcal). The food items under subsidy program for Qatari citizens provided 1753 kcal/capita/day and accounted for 41% of total daily energy. Proteins (29.2), fats (39.2), sodium (3.3), and vitamin C (32.5) had higher than recommended levels of nutrient density (grams per 1000 kcal). Calcium (227), vitamin A (302.3), fiber (2.0), and carbohydrates (132.6) had lower than recommended levels of nutrient energy density (g/1000 kcal). CONCLUSIONS The study predicts unhealthy dietary habits among HH in Qatar and provides useful information for policy makers and healthcare community.
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81
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Mohammadifard N, Khaledifar A, Khosravi A, Nouri F, Pourmoghadas A, Feizi A, Esmaillzadeh A, Sarrafzadegan N. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and their association with blood pressure in a non-hypertensive Iranian adult population: Isfahan salt study. Nutr Diet 2016; 74:275-282. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; Shahrekord Iran
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; Shahrekord Iran
| | - Arsalan Khaledifar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hajar Hospital, Modeling in Health Research Centre; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Shahrekord Iran
- Interventional Cardiology Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; Shahrekord Iran
- Interventional Cardiology Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; Shahrekord Iran
| | - Ali Pourmoghadas
- Interventional Cardiology Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; Shahrekord Iran
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82
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Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:615-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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83
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Younus A, Aneni EC, Spatz ES, Osondu CU, Roberson L, Ogunmoroti O, Malik R, Ali SS, Aziz M, Feldman T, Virani SS, Maziak W, Agatston AS, Veledar E, Nasir K. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in US and Non-US Populations. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:649-70. [PMID: 27040086 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several population-based studies have examined the prevalence and trends of the American Heart Association's ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics as well as its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality and with non-CVD outcomes. However, no efforts have been made to aggregate these studies. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize available data on the distribution and outcomes associated with ideal CVH metrics in both US and non-US populations. We conducted a systematic search of relevant studies in the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, as well as the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Search terms used included "life's simple 7", "AHA 2020" and "ideal cardiovascular health". We included articles published in English Language from January 1, 2010, to July 31, 2015. Of the 14 US cohorts, the prevalence of 6 to 7 ideal CVH metrics ranged from as low as 0.5% in a population of African Americans to 12% in workers in a South Florida health care organization. Outside the United States, the lowest prevalence was found in an Iranian study (0.3%) and the highest was found in a large Chinese corporation (15%). All 6 mortality studies reported a graded inverse association between the increasing number of ideal CVH metrics and the all-cause and CVD-related mortality risk. A similar relationship between ideal CVH metrics and incident cardiovascular events was found in 12 of 13 studies. Finally, an increasing number of ideal CVH metrics was associated with a lower prevalence and incidence of non-CVD outcomes such as cancer, depression, and cognitive impairment. The distribution of ideal CVH metrics in US and non-US populations is similar, with low proportions of persons achieving 6 or more ideal CVH metrics. Considering the strong association of CVH metrics with both CVD and non-CVD outcomes, a coordinated global effort for improving CVH should be considered a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Younus
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Ehimen C Aneni
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL; Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL
| | - Erica S Spatz
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Chukwuemeka U Osondu
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Lara Roberson
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Rehan Malik
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Shozab S Ali
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Muhammad Aziz
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Theodore Feldman
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Arthur S Agatston
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Emir Veledar
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL; Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, FL.
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84
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Association of major dietary patterns and blood pressure longitudinal change in Bangladesh. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1193-200. [PMID: 25693059 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies and clinical trials have shown associations of diet and high blood pressure (BP). However, prospective studies on the association between dietary patterns and longitudinal BP change are lacking, especially in low-income populations. METHOD We evaluated the association of dietary patterns and food groups with longitudinal change of BP in 10 389 participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, with a median of 6.7 years of follow-up. Dietary information was obtained through a previously validated food-frequency questionnaire. BP was measured at baseline and at each biennial follow-up using the same method. RESULT Each standard deviation (SD) increase for the 'gourd vegetable' dietary pattern score was related to a slower annual change of 0.08, 0.04, and 0.05 mmHg in SBP, DBP, or pulse pressure, respectively. Each SD increase in the 'balanced' dietary pattern score was related to a decreasing annual change of 0.06 mmHg (P = 0.012) and 0.08 mmHg in SBP and pulse pressure (P < 0.001). On the contrary, one SD increase in 'western' dietary pattern score was related to a greater annual increase of 0.07 (P = 0.005) and 0.05 mmHg in SBP and pulse pressure (P = 0.013). Higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with a slower rate of change in annual SBP and pulse pressure, whereas higher meat intake was related to a more rapid increase in annual pulse pressure. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that dietary patterns play a significant role in the rate of BP change over time in a low-income population.
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Chan R, Leung J, Woo J. Estimated net endogenous acid production and risk of prevalent and incident hypertension in community-dwelling older people. World J Hypertens 2015; 5:129-136. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v5.i4.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the associations of dietary acid-base load with prevalent and incident hypertension in community-living Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.
METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 65 years participating in a cohort study examining the risk factors for osteoporosis completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline between 2001 and 2003. Estimated net endogenous acid production (NEAP) was calculated using Frassetto’s method based on the diet’s protein to potassium ratio derived from the FFQ. Prevalent and 4-year incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or self-reported use of anti-hypertensive medications. Multivariable logistic regression was used for cross-sectional analysis (n = 3956) to assess the association between estimated NEAP and prevalent hypertension, and for longitudinal analysis (n = 795) on its association with 4-year incident hypertension, with adjustment for various potential socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS: Median estimated NEAP of the participants was 47.7 (interquartile range: 36.2, 60.9) g/mEq. Participants in the highest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP was associated with increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension than those in the lowest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP [multivariable OR = 1.66 (95%CI: 1.22 to 2.26, Ptrend = 0.002)]. No significant association was observed between energy-adjusted estimated NEAP and risk of incident hypertension.
CONCLUSION: A high dietary acid load was independently associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension in ambulant older Chinese people in Hong Kong. The longitudinal analyses failed to show any causal relationship between dietary acid load and hypertension in this population.
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86
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Lee YK, Lyu ES, Oh SY, Park HR, Ro HK, Heo YR, Hyun T, Choi MK. Daily Copper and Manganese Intakes and Their Relation to Blood Pressure in Normotensive Adults. Clin Nutr Res 2015; 4:259-66. [PMID: 26566521 PMCID: PMC4641988 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that trace minerals have anti-oxidative functions and are related to the control of blood pressure, only a limited number of studies directly address the issue. Thus, the purpose of our study was to assess the intake of copper and manganese, which are trace minerals, and to clarify their relation to blood pressure. In a cross-sectional study, the blood pressure of 640 normotensive adults, from 19 to 69 year-old (320 males and 320 females), was measured, and its correlation with the intake of copper and manganese was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall method. The average value of the blood pressure was 126.4/80.2 mmHg for the males and 117.8/75.8 mmHg for the females. The daily copper intake was 1.3 mg/day for the males and 1.2 mg/day for the females. For manganese, the daily intake was 4.2 mg/day for the males and 4.1 mg/day for the females. Although the copper intake of all subjects showed a positive correlation with the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, there was no significant correlation when the potential confounding factors were adjusted. The manganese intake of the male subjects had a significantly negative correlation with the systolic blood pressure after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, and energy intake. In conclusion, the daily manganese intake of the normotensitve adults showed a significantly negative correlation with the systolic blood pressure indicating a possibility of a positive effect of manganese on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eun-Soon Lyu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyong Ro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Taisun Hyun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Al Thani M, Al Thani AA, Al-Chetachi W, Al Malki B, Khalifa SAH, Bakri AH, Hwalla N, Nasreddine L, Naja F. Lifestyle Patterns Are Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure among Qatari Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional National Study. Nutrients 2015; 7:7593-615. [PMID: 26371041 PMCID: PMC4586550 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Women of childbearing age are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of elevated blood pressure (BP), with dietary and lifestyle habits being increasingly recognized as important modifiable environmental risk factors for this condition. Using data from the National STEPwise survey conducted in Qatar in year 2012, we aimed to examine lifestyle patterns and their association with elevated BP among Qatari women of childbearing age (18–45 years). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, anthropometric and BP data were used (n = 747). Principal component factor analysis was applied to identify the patterns using the frequency of consumption of 13 foods/food groups, physical activity level, and smoking status. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of the identified lifestyle patterns with elevated BP and to examine the socio-demographic correlates of these patterns. Three lifestyle patterns were identified: a “healthy” pattern characterized by intake of fruits, natural juices, and vegetables; a “fast food & smoking” pattern characterized by fast foods, sweetened beverages, and sweets, in addition to smoking; and a “traditional sedentary” pattern which consisted of refined grains, dairy products, and meat in addition to low physical activity. The fast food & smoking and the traditional & sedentary patterns were associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the risk of elevated BP in the study population. The findings of this study highlight the synergistic effect that diet, smoking and physical inactivity may have on the risk of elevated BP among Qatari women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Thani
- Public Health Department, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Al Anoud Al Thani
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Walaa Al-Chetachi
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Badria Al Malki
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shamseldin A H Khalifa
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad Haj Bakri
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11-0.236 Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11-0.236 Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Farah Naja
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11-0.236 Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
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Mohammadifard N, Salehi-Abargouei A, Salas-Salvadó J, Guasch-Ferré M, Humphries K, Sarrafzadegan N. The effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:966-82. [PMID: 25809855 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.091595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have assessed the effects of nut consumption (tree nuts, peanuts, and soy nuts) on blood pressure (BP), the results are conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of nut consumption on BP. DESIGN The databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs carried out between 1958 and October 2013 that reported the effect of consuming single or mixed nuts (including walnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, peanuts, and soy nuts) on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) as primary or secondary outcomes in adult populations aged ≥18 y. Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts and titles and the full text. Studies that evaluated the effects for <2 wk or in which the control group ingested different healthy oils were excluded. Mean ± SD changes in SBP and DBP in each treatment group were recorded for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-one RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes [mean difference (MD): -1.29; 95% CI: -2.35, -0.22; P = 0.02] but not in the total population. Subgroup analyses of different nut types suggest that pistachios, but not other nuts, significantly reduce SBP (MD: -1.82; 95% CI: -2.97, -0.67; P = 0.002). Our study suggests that pistachios (MD: -0.80; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.17; P = 0.01) and mixed nuts (MD: -1.19; 95% CI: -2.35, -0.03; P = 0.04) have a significant reducing effect on DBP. We found no significant changes in DBP after the consumption of other nuts. CONCLUSIONS Total nut consumption lowered SBP in participants without type 2 diabetes. Pistachios seemed to have the strongest effect on reducing SBP and DBP. Mixed nuts also reduced DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
| | - Karin Humphries
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- From the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center (NM and NS), the Hypertension Research Center (NM), Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Food Security Research Center (AS-A), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; the Nutrition and Food Security Research Center (AS-A) and the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health (AS-A), Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Reus, Spain (JS-S and MG-F); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (KH)
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Eshriqui I, Vilela AAF, Rebelo F, Farias DR, Castro MBT, Kac G. Gestational dietary patterns are not associated with blood pressure changes during pregnancy and early postpartum in a Brazilian prospective cohort. Eur J Nutr 2014; 55:21-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dietary phytochemical index is inversely associated with the occurrence of hypertension in adults: a 3-year follow-up (the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study). Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:392-8. [PMID: 25387902 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The epidemiological association of phytochemical-rich foods with the risk of hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary phytochemical index (PI) with the occurrence of hypertension (HTN) after 3 years of follow-up in Tehranian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 1546 nonhypertensive subjects, aged 20-70 years. Dietary intake was collected by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary PI was calculated as (dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)) × 100. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up and HTN was defined by Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure criteria. The odds of HTN after 3 years in each quartile category of dietary PI were estimated by logistic regression model and adjusted for potential variables. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 38.0±12.0 years and 43% were male. The mean dietary PI was 29.1±11.8. After 3 years of follow-up, 265 (17.1%) new cases of HTN were identified. No significant changes were observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure across quartile categories of dietary PI. After adjustment for confounders, the odds (95% confidence interval) of HTN across quartiles of dietary PI were 1.00, 0.97 (0.62-1.38), 0.69 (0.45-1.07) and 0.52 (0.32-0.84) (P for trend=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may prevent the development of HTN. Further investigations are, however, recommended.
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Caligiuri SPB, Penner B, Pierce GN. The HYPERFlax trial for determining the anti-HYPERtensive effects of dietary flaxseed in newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertensive patients: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Trials 2014; 15:232. [PMID: 24938224 PMCID: PMC4073186 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2013 the World Health Organization deemed hypertension as a global crisis as it is the leading risk factor attributed to global mortality. Therefore, there is a great need for effective alternative treatment strategies to combat a condition that affects 40% of adults worldwide. Recently, the FlaxPAD Trial observed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with peripheral arterial disease that consumed 30 g of milled flaxseed per day for one year. However, these patients were already on anti-hypertensive medication. Therefore, there is a need to assess if dietary flaxseed can effectively reduce blood pressure in the absence of peripheral arterial disease and anti-hypertensive medication in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Methods/Design The HYPERFlax Trial is a parallel, superiority, phase II/III, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. St. Boniface Hospital and the Health Sciences Centre of Winnipeg, Canada, will recruit 100 participants newly diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension who have yet to be administered anti-hypertensive medication. Participants will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into a flaxseed or control group and provided food products to consume daily for six months. At baseline, two, four, and six months, participant assessments will include the primary outcome measure, averaged automated blood pressure, and secondary measures: 24-hour food recall, international physical activity questionnaire, anthropometrics, and blood and urine sampling for biochemical analysis. Plasma will be assessed for lipids, metabolomics profiling, and molecules that regulate vascular tone. Urine will be collected for metabolomics profiling. With an estimated dropout rate of 20%, the trial will have a power of 0.80 to detect differences between groups and across time, out of an effect size of 0.7 (SD) at an α level of 0.05. Discussion This trial will determine if dietary flaxseed is efficacious over six months as an anti-hypertensive therapy in subjects newly diagnosed with hypertension. If flaxseed can effectively reduce blood pressure as a monotherapy, then flaxseed will provide individuals on a global basis with a cost-effective food-based strategy to control hypertension. Trial registration NCT01952340, Registered 24 September 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grant N Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St, Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Recent publications by ochsner authors: october 2013 - march 2014. Ochsner J 2014; 14:301-6. [PMID: 24940149 PMCID: PMC4052558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Pereira PC. Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Nutrition 2013; 30:619-27. [PMID: 24800664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dairy and milk consumption are frequently included as important elements in a healthy and balanced diet. It is the first food for mammals and provides all the necessary energy and nutrients to ensure proper growth and development, being crucial in respect to bone mass formation. However, several controversies arise from consumption of dairy and milk products during adulthood, especially because it refers to milk from other species. Despite these controversies, epidemiologic studies confirm the nutritional importance of milk in the human diet and reinforce the possible role of its consumption in preventing several chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), some forms of cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Lactose malabsorption symptoms and cow milk protein allergy are generally considered to be the adverse reactions to milk consumption. The present article reviews the main aspects of milk nutritional composition and establishes several associations between its nutritious role, health promotion, and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, CiiEm - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L. Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
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