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Doll J, Moghaddam A, Daniel V, Biglari B, Heller R, Schmidmaier G, Raven TF. LIPUS vs. reaming in non-union treatment: Cytokine expression course as a tool for evaluation and differentiation of non-union therapy. J Orthop 2020; 17:208-214. [PMID: 31889743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Doll
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,ATORG - Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group, Center of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Am Hasenkopf 1, D-63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Volker Daniel
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, D-67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Raban Heller
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Friedrich Raven
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,ATORG - Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group, Center of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Am Hasenkopf 1, D-63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
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52
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Ozawa Y, Gojoubori T, Ota H, Takemoto T, Suguro H, Nishida T, Satou S, Asano M. Bone regeneration is enhanced by the combined use of acid-electrolyzed functional water with hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1679-1686. [PMID: 31820853 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/Col) composite has a nanostructure and composition similar to that of natural bone. Herein, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of acid-electrolyzed functional water (FW) in combination with HAP/Col composite as an irrigation material in a rat calvarium defect model. The rats were divided into four groups: control, PBS irrigation; FW, FW irrigation; HAP/Col, filled with HAP/Col; FW + HAP/Col, FW irrigation prior to HAP/Col filling. Bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the newly formed bone were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. The results indicated that the combined use of FW and HAP/Col significantly augmented both BV (12.25 ± 1.93 mm3 , control: 3.22 ± 0.55 mm3 , 6 weeks) and BMD (120.09 ± 14.76 cm3 /mg vs. control: 54.67 ± 7.20 cm3 /mg, 6 weeks) in a time-dependent manner, which might be attributed to the soluble factor-inducing ability of FW. Based on this assumption, bFGF concentration in peripheral blood was measured. bFGF concentration was significantly increased in the FW + HAP/Col group (68.25 ± 9.2 pg/ml vs. control: 21.70 ± 8.18 pg/ml, 6 hr). Real-time PCR demonstrated significant augmentation of MCSF (2.82 ± 0.59-fold), RANKL (2.51 ± 0.33-fold) and BMP7 (1.66 ± 0.25-fold) (bone regeneration-related genes) and PDGF (1.31 ± 0.15-fold), VEGF (3.27 ± 0.42-ld) and IL-8 (6.77 ± 2.02-fold) (angiogenic genes) mRNAs in the FW + HAP/Col group. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined use of FW and HAP/Col induces bone regeneration, presumably by inducing the factors contributing to bone regeneration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ozawa
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gojoubori
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ota
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takemoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suguro
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuuichi Satou
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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53
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Strategy for the Generation of Engineered Bone Constructs Based on Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expanded with Human Platelet Lysate. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7198215. [PMID: 31885622 PMCID: PMC6914958 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7198215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to their potent multilineage differentiation, enhanced self-renewal capacity, and immediate availability for clinical use. Clinical experience has demonstrated satisfactory biosafety profiles and feasibility of UC-MSC application in the allogeneic setting. However, the use of UC-MSC for bone regeneration has not been fully established. A major challenge in the generation of successful therapeutic strategies for bone engineering lies on the combination of highly functional proosteogenic MSC populations and bioactive matrix scaffolds. To address that, in this study we proposed a new approach for the generation of bone-like constructs based on UC-MSC expanded in human platelet lysate (hPL) and evaluated its potential to induce bone structures in vivo. In order to obtain UC-MSC for potential clinical use, we first assessed parameters such as the isolation method, growth supplementation, microbiological monitoring, and cryopreservation and performed full characterization of the cell product including phenotype, growth performance, tree-lineage differentiation, and gene expression. Finally, we evaluated bone-like constructs based on the combination of stimulated UC-MSC and collagen microbeads for in vivo bone formation. UC-MSC were successfully cultured from 100% of processed UC donors, and efficient cell derivation was observed at day 14 ± 3 by the explant method. UC-MSC maintained mesenchymal cell morphology, phenotype, high cell growth performance, and probed multipotent differentiation capacity. No striking variations between donors were recorded. As expected, UC-MSC showed tree-lineage differentiation and gene expression profiles similar to bone marrow- and adipose-derived MSC. Importantly, upon osteogenic and endothelial induction, UC-MSC displayed strong proangiogenic and bone formation features. The combination of hPL-expanded MSC and collagen microbeads led to bone/vessel formation following implantation into an immune competent mouse model. Collectively, we developed a high-performance UC-MSC-based cell manufacturing bioprocess that fulfills the requirements for human application and triggers the potency and effectivity of cell-engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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54
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Juhl O, Zhao N, Merife AB, Cohen D, Friedman M, Zhang Y, Schwartz Z, Wang Y, Donahue H. Aptamer-Functionalized Fibrin Hydrogel Improves Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Release Kinetics and Enhances Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Critically Sized Cranial Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6152-6160. [PMID: 32190730 PMCID: PMC7079287 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An aging population, decreased activity levels and increased combat injuries, have led to an increase in critical sized bone defects. As more defects are treated using allografts, which is the current standard of care, the deficiencies of allografts are becoming more evident. Allografts lack the angiogenic potential to induce sufficient vasculogenesis to counteract the hypoxic environment associated with critical sized bone defects. In this study, aptamer-functionalized fibrin hydrogels (AFH), engineered to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were evaluated for their material properties, growth factor release kinetics, and angiogenic and osteogenic potential in vivo. Aptamer functionalization to native fibrin did not result in significant changes in biocompatibility or hydrogel gelation. However, aptamer functionalization of fibrin did improve the release kinetics of VEGF from AFH and, when compared to FH, reduced the diffusivity and extended the release of VEGF several days longer. VEGF released from AFH, in vivo, increased vascularization to a greater degree, relative to VEGF released from FH, in a murine critical-sized cranial defect. Defects treated with AFH loaded with VEGF, relative to nonhydrogel loaded controls, showed a nominal increase in osteogenesis. Together, these data suggest that AFH more efficiently incorporates and retains VEGF in vitro and in vivo, which then enhances angiogenesis and osteogenesis to a greater extent in vivo than FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anna-Blessing Merife
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Michael Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Henry Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
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55
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Benmassaoud MM, Gultian KA, DiCerbo M, Vega SL. Hydrogel screening approaches for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1460:25-42. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew DiCerbo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRowan University Glassboro New Jersey
| | - Sebastián L. Vega
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRowan University Glassboro New Jersey
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56
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Kelly DC, Raftery RM, Curtin CM, O'Driscoll CM, O'Brien FJ. Scaffold-Based Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Enhanced Bone and Cartilage Repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1671-1680. [PMID: 31042304 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering have made progress toward the development of biomaterials capable of the delivery of growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, in order to promote enhanced tissue repair. However, controlling the release of these growth factors on demand and within the desired localized area is a significant challenge and the associated high costs and side effects of uncontrolled delivery have proven increasingly problematic in clinical orthopedics. Gene therapy may be a valuable tool to avoid the limitations of local delivery of growth factors. Following a series of setbacks in the 1990s, the field of gene therapy is now seeing improvements in safety and efficacy resulting in substantial clinical progress and a resurgence in confidence. Biomaterial scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides a template for cell infiltration and tissue formation while promoting transfection of cells to engineer therapeutic proteins in a sustained but ultimately transient fashion. Additionally, scaffold-mediated delivery of RNA-based therapeutics can silence specific genes associated with orthopedic pathological states. This review will provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of gene-activated scaffolds and their use within orthopedic tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1671-1680, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall C Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
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57
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Lim S, Kim JA, Lee T, Lee D, Nam SH, Lim J, Park EK. Stimulatory Effects of KPR-A148 on Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:405-413. [PMID: 31413944 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xanthine derivatives have been used to treat a variety of medical conditions including respiratory disease and neural degeneration. However, few studies have reported their effects on bone regeneration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of KPR-A148, a synthetic xanthine derivative on osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. Methods The cytotoxicity of KPR-A148 was evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide assay. The effects of KPR-A148 on osteoblast differentiation were examined by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin red S staining, and real-time PCR of osteoblast differentiation marker genes. To investigate the effects of KPR-A148 on in vivo bone regeneration, a KPR-A148-containing collagen sponge was implanted into a mouse calvarial defect and KPR-A148 was injected twice, weekly. Bone regeneration was evaluated quantitatively by micro-CT and qualitatively by hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson's Trichrome staining. Results KPR-A148 did not show toxicity in the MC3T3-E1 cells and promoted osteoblast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. 10 μM of KPR-A148 showed the most significant effect on alkaline phospatase staining and matrix mineralization. KPR-A148 increased the expression of osteoblast marker genes in both the early and late stages of differentiation. In addition, KPR-A148 significantly induced new bone formation in the calvarial defect model. Conclusion These results demonstrate that KPR-A148 strongly induces osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation. Therefore, it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for regenerating bone following its destruction by disease or trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lim
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ang Kim
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- 2College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Doohyun Lee
- 2College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- 1Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
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58
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Abstract
Soft and hard tissue engineering has expanded the frontiers of oral/maxillofacial augmentation. Soft tissue grafting enhancements include improving flap prevascularization and using stem cells and other cells to create not only the graft, but also the vascularization and soft tissue scaffolding for the graft. Hard tissue grafts have been enhanced by osteoinductive factors, such as bone morphogenic proteins, that have allowed the elimination of harvesting autogenous bone and thus decrease the need for other surgical sites. Advancements in bone graft scaffolds have developed via seeding with stem cells and improvement of the silica/calcium/phosphate composite to improve graft characteristics and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolphus R Dawson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, D-444 Dental Sciences Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA.
| | - Ahmed El-Ghannam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA
| | - Joseph E Van Sickels
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA
| | - Noel Ye Naung
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA
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59
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Min Q, Liu J, Yu X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wan Y. Sequential Delivery of Dual Growth Factors from Injectable Chitosan-Based Composite Hydrogels. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060365. [PMID: 31226756 PMCID: PMC6627327 DOI: 10.3390/md17060365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local administration of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PGDF-BB) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a sequential release manner could substantially promote bone healing. To achieve this goal, a delivery system that could sustain the release of PGDF-BB and BMP-2 by way of temporal separation was developed. One type of PGDF-BB-encapsulated alginate microsphere and another type of BMP-2-encapsulated microsphere with a core-shell structure were respectively produced using emulsification methods. These two types of microspheres were then embedded into chitosan/glycerophosphate hydrogel for constructing composite gels. Some of them were found to be injectable at ambient temperature and had thermo-sensitive features near physiological temperature and pH. The optimally formulated composite gels showed the ability to control the release of PGDF-BB and BMP-2 in a sequential fashion in which PDGF-BB was released earlier than BMP-2. In vitro release patterns indicated that the release rates could be significantly regulated by varying the embedded amount of the factor-encapsulated microspheres, which can in turn mediate the temporal separation release interval between PGDF-BB and BMP-2. The released PDGF-BB and BMP-2 were detected to be bioactive based on their respective effects on Balb/c 3T3 and C2C12 cells. These results suggest that the presently developed composite gels have the potential for bone repair by synergistically utilizing the early chemotactic effect of PDGF-BB and the subsequent osteogenic and angiogenic functions of PDGF-BB and BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Jiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Universityf of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Universityf of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Jiliang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Ying Wan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Universityf of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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60
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Donos N, Dereka X, Calciolari E. The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration: A narrative review. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:124-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
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61
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Meeson R, Sanghani‐Keri A, Coathup M, Blunn G. VEGF with AMD3100 endogenously mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells and improves fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1294-1302. [PMID: 30345545 PMCID: PMC6563072 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of fractures develop non-union. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may be beneficial, however, this requires cell acquisition, culture and delivery. Endogenous mobilization of stem cells offers a non-invasive alternative. The hypothesis was administration of VEGF and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would increase the circulating pool of available MSCs and improve fracture healing. Ex-breeder female wistar rats received VEGF followed by AMD3100, or sham PBS. Blood prepared for culture and colonies were counted. P3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, bi-differentiation. The effect of mobilization on fracture healing was evaluated with 1.5 mm femoral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator in 12-14 week old female Wistars. The mobilized group had significantly greater number of cfus/ml compared to controls, p = 0.029. The isolated cells expressed 1.8% CD34, 35% CD45, 61% CD29, 78% CD90, and differentiated into osteoblasts but not into adipocytes. The fracture gap in animals treated with VEGF and AMD3100 showed increased bone volume; 5.22 ± 1.7 µm3 and trabecular thickness 0.05 ± 0.01 µm compared with control animals (4.3 ± 3.1 µm3 , 0.04 ± 0.01 µm, respectively). Radiographic scores quantifying fracture healing (RUST) showed that the animals in the mobilization group had a higher healing score compared to controls (9.6 vs. 7.7). Histologically, mobilization resulted in significantly lower group variability in bone formation (p = 0.032) and greater amounts of bone and less fibrous tissue than the control group. Clinical significance: This pre-clinical study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endogenous MSC mobilization on fracture healing, which may have translation potential to prevent or treat clinical fractures at risk of delayed or non-union fractures. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1294-1302, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meeson
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Melanie Coathup
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of Central FloridaFlorida
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
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Efficacy of Recombinant Human BMP2 and PDGF-BB in Orofacial Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8073. [PMID: 31147568 PMCID: PMC6542831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of tissue engineering therapies, there is a growing interest in the application of recombinant human growth factors (rhGFs) to regenerate human orofacial bones. However, despite reports of their ability to promote orofacial bone regeneration in animal experiments, their benefits in human clinical treatments remain unclear. Furthermore, the appropriate concentrations or indications of a specific rhGF remain ambiguous. Therefore it is essential to collect data from diverse clinical trials to evaluate their effects more precisely. Here we reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCT) that focused on the utilization of rhGFs in orofacial bone regeneration. Data from included studies were extracted, pooled and then quantitatively analyzed according to a pre-established protocol. Our results indicate that all current concentrations of rhBMP-2 produces insufficient effect on promoting either tooth extraction socket healing, sinus augmentation or reconstruction of alveolar clefts. However, 0.3 mg/ml rhPDGF-BB promotes the healing of tooth extraction sockets, though the effect does not reach a level of statistical significance. Summarily, we recommend concentrations of 0.3 mg/ml rhPDGF-BB only for the healing of tooth extraction sockets.
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63
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Yin S, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jiang X. Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801433. [PMID: 30938094 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue-engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre-vascularization strategies and co-culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre-vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
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NIMIGEAN VICTOR, POLL ALEXANDRU, MINCULESCU COZETAANCA, NIMIGEAN VANDAROXANA, MORARU SIMONAANDREEA, VÎRLAN MARIAJUSTINAROXANA, BĂLĂCEANU ROSALIEADINA, PĂUN DIANALORETA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of autogenous mandibular bone grafts integration: An experimental study. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/229.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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The Molecular Mechanism of Vitamin E as a Bone-Protecting Agent: A Review on Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061453. [PMID: 30909398 PMCID: PMC6471965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodelling is a tightly-coordinated and lifelong process of replacing old damaged bone with newly-synthesized healthy bone. In the bone remodelling cycle, bone resorption is coupled with bone formation to maintain the bone volume and microarchitecture. This process is a result of communication between bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes) with paracrine and endocrine regulators, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, growth factors, and hormones. The essential signalling pathways responsible for osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation include the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), Wnt/β-catenin, and oxidative stress signalling. The imbalance between bone formation and degradation, in favour of resorption, leads to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Intriguingly, vitamin E has been extensively reported for its anti-osteoporotic properties using various male and female animal models. Thus, understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the skeletal action of vitamin E is vital to promote its use as a potential bone-protecting agent. This review aims to summarize the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of vitamin E in regulating the bone remodelling cycle.
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Combined Extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Rebalance Bone Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1596951. [PMID: 30894875 PMCID: PMC6393883 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1596951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the osteoprotective effect and the possible molecular mechanisms of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Forty-eight female SD rats were sham-operated (Sham, n = 8) or ovariectomized (OVX, n = 40). Then after a week, OVX rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 8 in each group): OVX, extracts of Herba Epimedii (HE, 0.35 g/kg), extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL, 0.35 g/kg), combined extracts of HE and FLL (HE & FLL, 0.20 g/kg HE plus 0.15 g/kg FLL), and Raloxifene hydrochloride (RH, 6.25 mg/kg) groups. All groups were administered once daily for 12 weeks. Indicators related to bone remodeling were detected, including estradiol (E2), bone mineral density (BMD), maximal load, ultimate deflection, micro-CT properties, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum and bone, and the protein and mRNA expression of bone turnover markers (RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, Atp6v0d2, OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2). Results showed that the combined extracts could increase serum E2 levels and BMD, enhance bone strength, reserve bone microstructure degeneration, promote bone formation, and inhibit bone resorption through upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2, while downregulating RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, and Atp6v0d2. These findings demonstrated that the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi with bone protective effects on OVX rats might be an alternative medicine for the treatment of PMOP.
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Aquino-Martínez R, Monroe DG, Ventura F. Calcium mimics the chemotactic effect of conditioned media and is an effective inducer of bone regeneration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210301. [PMID: 30608979 PMCID: PMC6319750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After bone resorption, ions and degraded organic components are co-released into the extracellular space. Ions and growth factors, although different in their biological nature, induce a common and coordinated chemotactic effect. Conditioned media has been used successfully in bone regeneration by promoting endogenous cell recruitment. Likewise, calcium alone act as a paracrine chemotactic signal, inducing the host’s undifferentiated progenitor cell infiltration into the implanted biomaterials. The aim of the present study was to compare the chemotactic effect of calcium and conditioned media in primary calvarial cells. Methods The chemotactic cell response was evaluated in vitro using an agarose spot and a wound healing assay. In addition, we used a calvarial bone explant model ex-vivo. The healing potential was also tested through an in vivo model, a critical-size calvarial bone defect in mice. For the in vivo experiment, cell-free calcium-containing or conditioned media-containing scaffolds were implanted, and MSC’s seeded scaffolds were used as positive control. After seven weeks post-implantation, samples were retrieved, and bone regeneration was evaluated by μCT and histological analysis. Osteogenic gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. Results We found that chemotactic cell migration in response to either calcium or conditioned media was equivalent in vitro and ex vivo. Accordingly, μCT analysis showed that bone regeneration induced by the MSC’s seeded scaffolds was similar to that obtained with cell-free calcium or conditioned media-containing scaffolds. Pre-treatment with SB202190, a highly selective p38 inhibitor, abrogated the chemotactic effect induced by conditioned media. In contrast, p38 activity was not essential for the calcium-induced chemotaxis. Moreover, BAPTA-AM treatment, a cytosolic calcium chelator, decreased the chemotactic effect and the expression of key osteogenic genes induced by calcium or conditioned media. Conclusion We show that calcium ions alone not only mimic the conditioned media chemotactic effect, but also induce an osteogenic effect similar to that produced by transplanted MSC’s in vivo. Furthermore, the chemotactic effect induced by conditioned media is calcium and p38 dependent. The rise in cytosolic calcium might integrate the different signaling pathways triggered by conditioned media and extracellular Ca2+. This calcium-driven in situ bone regeneration is a promising and convenient alternative to promote endogenous cell recruitment into the injured bone site. This pre-clinical cell-free and growth factor-free approach might avoid the disadvantages of the ex vivo cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Aquino-Martínez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - David G. Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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van Niekerk G, Mitchell M, Engelbrecht AM. Bone resorption: supporting immunometabolism. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0783. [PMID: 29491030 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system is associated with an increase in the breakdown of various peripheral tissues, including bone. Despite the widely appreciated role of inflammatory mediators in promoting bone resorption, the functional value behind this process is not completely understood. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism have highlighted the metabolic reprogramming that takes place in activated immune cells. It is now believed that the breakdown of peripheral tissue provides metabolic substrates to fuel metabolic anabolism in activated immune cells. We argue that phosphate, liberated by bone resorption, plays an indispensable role in sustaining immune cell metabolism. The liberated phosphate is then incorporated into macromolecules such as nucleotides and phospholipids, and is also used for the phosphorylation of metabolites (e.g. glycolytic intermediates). In addition, magnesium, also liberated during the breakdown of bone, is an essential cofactor required by various metabolic enzymes which are upregulated in activated immune cells. Finally, calcium activates various additional molecules involved in immune cell migration. Taken together, these factors suggest a key role for bone resorption during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Yuan B, Raucci MG, Fan Y, Zhu X, Yang X, Zhang X, Santin M, Ambrosio L. Injectable strontium-doped hydroxyapatite integrated with phosphoserine-tethered poly(epsilon-lysine) dendrons for osteoporotic bone defect repair. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7974-7984. [PMID: 32255042 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The control of the inflammatory response induced by the implantation of foreign biomaterials is fundamental in determining tissue healing. It has been shown that the activation of specific macrophage pathways upon contact with a biomaterial can lead either to a chronic inflammation preventing a physiological tissue repair or to an improved tissue healing. In the case of bone repair, calcium phosphate cements with good osteoconductivity properties have been successfully applied in bone defect filling and repair, but poor handling properties, insufficient viscous flow and unmatched degradation rate are still problems that remain unsolved. In this study, a strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) gel was modified by integrating branched poly(epsilon-lysine) dendrons with third-generation branches exposing phosphoserine (SrHA/G3-K PS). The interaction of this material with macrophages was investigated in vitro, focusing on the secretion and gene expression of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results showed that the addition of strontium and G3-K PS to HA sol-gel could down-regulate the gene expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1, while increasing the gene expression of IL-6, a cytokine known for its osteogenic effect. These results were further confirmed by ELISA test of the respective protein concentrations. When exposed to supernatants of macrophage culture in the presence of strontium and G3-K PS, osteoblast viability was promoted with elevated osteogenic gene markers, in terms of OPG, ALP, OCN and COL-I. In vivo implantation experiments using an osteoporotic rat model with bone defect further confirmed that the addition of G3-K PS to HA could dramatically promote new bone regeneration. Although the introduction of strontium improved the degradation properties of the injectable materials, no positive effect on promoting in vivo bone regeneration was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Reyes R, Rodríguez JA, Orbe J, Arnau MR, Évora C, Delgado A. Combined sustained release of BMP2 and MMP10 accelerates bone formation and mineralization of calvaria critical size defect in mice. Drug Deliv 2018. [PMID: 29516759 PMCID: PMC6058487 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1446473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dual delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) on bone regeneration was investigated in a murine model of calvarial critical-size defect, hypothesizing that it would result in an enhanced bone formation. Critical-size calvarial defects (4 mm diameter) were created in mice and PLGA microspheres preloaded with either BMP-2, MMP10 or a microsphere combination of both were transplanted into defect sites at different doses. Empty microspheres were used as the negative control. Encapsulation efficiency was assessed and in vivo release kinetics of BMP-2 and MMP10 were examined over 14 days. Histological analyses were used to analyze bone formation after four and eight weeks. Combination with MMP10 (30 ng) significantly enhanced BMP-2 (600 ng)-mediated osteogenesis, as confirmed by the increase in percentage of bone fill (p < .05) at four weeks. Moreover, it also increased mineral apposition rate (p < .05), measured by double labeling with tetracycline and calceine. MMP10 accelerates bone repair by enhancing BMP-2-promoted bone healing and improving the mineralization rate. In conclusion combination of MMP10 and BMP-2 may become a promising strategy for repair and regeneration of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Reyes
- a Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics , Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain.,b Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodríguez
- c Laboratorio de Aterotrombosis, Área de Ciencias Cardiovasculares, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,d CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) , Madrid , Spain.,e IdiSNA-Health Research Institute of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- c Laboratorio de Aterotrombosis, Área de Ciencias Cardiovasculares, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,d CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) , Madrid , Spain.,e IdiSNA-Health Research Institute of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - María Rosa Arnau
- f Servicio de Estabulario, Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- b Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain.,g Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology , Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- b Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain.,g Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology , Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zhu X, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang K, Fan Y, Zhang X. The directional migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward vascular endothelial cells stimulated by biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:129-139. [PMID: 29977596 PMCID: PMC6007427 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductivity of porous calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics has been widely investigated and confirmed, and it might be attributed to the rapid formation of the vascular networks after in vivo implantation of the ceramics. In this study, to explore the vascularization mechanism within the CaP ceramics, the migration and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under the stimulation of porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic with excellent osteoinductivity were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the directional migration of BMSCs toward BCP ceramic occurred when evaluated by using a transwell model, and the BMSCs migration was enhanced by the seeded macrophages on the ceramic in advance. Besides, by directly culturing BMSCs on BCP ceramic discs under both in vitro and in vivo physiological environment, it was found that the differentiation of BMSCs toward vascular endothelial cells (VECs) happened under the stimulation of BCP ceramic, as was confirmed by the up-regulated gene expressions and protein secretions of VECs-related characteristic factors, including kinase insert domain receptor, von willebrand factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and cadherin 5 in the BMSCs. This study offered a possibility for explaining the origin of VECs during the rapid vascularization process after in vivo implantation of porous CaP ceramics and could give some useful guidance to reveal the vascularization mechanism of the ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Biomimetic Implant Surface Functionalization with Liquid L-PRF Products: In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9031435. [PMID: 29854805 PMCID: PMC5964419 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) clots and membranes are autologous blood concentrates widely used in oral surgical procedures; less is known, however, about the liquid formulations of such products. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the behavior of different implant surfaces when in contact with two liquid leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) products. Methods Six commercial pure titanium discs, of 9.5 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness, were used. Three of these samples had a micro/nano-rough surface; three were machined. Three different protocols were tested. Protocols involved the immersion of the samples in (1) a platelets, lymphocytes, and fibrinogen liquid concentrate (PLyF) for 10 minutes, (2) an exudate obtained from L-PRF clots rich in fibronectin and vitronectin for 5 minutes, and (3) the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate for 2 minutes followed by immersion in the PLyF concentrate for further 8 minutes. After these treatments, the samples were fixed and observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Under microscopic observation, (1) the samples treated with the PLyF concentrate revealed a dense fibrin network in direct contact with the implant surface and a significant number of formed elements of blood; (2) in the samples treated with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudates, only a small number of white and red blood cells were detectable; and (3) in samples exposed to the combined treatment, there was an apparent increase in the thickness of the fibrin layer. When compared to the machined surface, the micro/nano-rough samples showed an overall increased retention of fibrin, leading to a thicker coating. Conclusions Liquid L-PRF products promote the formation of a dense fibrin clot on micro/nano-rough implant surfaces in vitro. The adjunctive treatment of surfaces with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate could provide support to contact of the fibrin with the surface, though it is not essential for the clot formation. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the properties and benefits of liquid L-PRF products.
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Stem Cells for Osteochondral Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:219-240. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fischer C, Reiner C, Schmidmaier G, Doll J, Child C, Grützner PA, Biglari B, Boxriker S, Moghaddam A. Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-β cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:691-697. [PMID: 29713178 PMCID: PMC5907889 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this prospective safety study, we investigated if the characteristic cytokine expression during bone regeneration is manipulated by the local application of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in non-union surgery. Therefore, the levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were compared between patients with the gold standard use of autologous bone graft (ABG) and those with additional application of BMP-7 as part of the diamond concept. Patients and methods Between 2009 and 2014, of the 153 patients with tibial and femoral non-unions, a matched pair analysis was performed to compare the serological cytokine expressions. Blood samples were collected preoperatively, 1, 2 and 6 weeks as well as 3 and 6 months after non-union surgery. Matching criteria were smoking status, fracture location, gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Patients in G1 (n=10) were treated with ABG and local BMP-7 while their matching partners in G2 (n=10) received ABG only. The routine clinical and radiologic follow-up was 1 year. Results Although the IGF-1 quantification in G2 showed higher pre- and postoperative values compared to G1 (p<0.05), the courses of both groups were similar. Likewise, PDGF-AB and TGF-β expressions appeared similar in G1 and G2 with peaks in both groups at 2 weeks follow-up. Osseous consolidation was assessed in all operated non-unions. The adjunct application of BMP-7 did not cause any pathologic cytokine expression. Conclusion Similar expressions of the serum cytokines IGF-1, PDGF-AB and TGF-β were demonstrated in non-union patients treated with ABG and additional application of BMP-7 according to the diamond concept. Our findings indicate that the local application of BMP-7, which imitates the physiologic secretion of growth factors during bone regeneration, is safe and without the risk of abnormal systemic cytokine expression. Studies with higher patient numbers will have to validate these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fischer
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Reiner
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Hospital South, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Doll
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Child
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bahram Biglari
- Trauma and Orthopedics, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Boxriker
- Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
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Doğan GE, Halici Z, Karakus E, Erdemci B, Alsaran A, Cinar I. Dose-dependent effect of radiation on resorbable blast material titanium implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:130-134. [PMID: 29057714 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1392601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment modality in head and neck cancer; however, it also negatively affects healthy structures. Direct damage to oral soft and hard tissue frequently occurs with radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on bone surrounding titanium dental implants via biomechanical and molecular methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four implants were inserted in the left tibiae of 18 adult male New Zealand rabbits (3 implants in each rabbit). After 4 weeks of the implant surgery, the left tibiae of 12 rabbits were subjected to a single dose of irradiation (15 Gy or 30 Gy). Four weeks after the irradiation, rabbits were sacrificed and removal torque test was done for the biomechanical evaluation. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp-2) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (Fgf-2) expression analyses were performed with Real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. RESULTS The control group showed significantly higher removal torque value than the 15 and 30 Gy irradiation groups, and the 15 Gy irradiation group had higher removal torque value than the 30 Gy irradiation group (p < .001). The 15 Gy and 30 Gy irradiation groups had significantly lower Bmp-2 and Fgf-2 mRNA expressions than the control group (p < .001). In addition, the 30 Gy irradiation group had significantly lower Bmp-2 (p < .01) and Fgf-2 mRNA expressions (p < .001) than the 15 Gy group. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy with 15 and 30 Gy doses can adversely affect osseointegration of implants by reducing the quality of bone and impairing the bone-to-implant contact. The mechanism of action seems to be related to alterations in Bmp-2 and Fgf-2 mRNA expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülnihal Emrem Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Private Practitioner of Dentistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakus
- Department of Pharmacology, Private Practitioner of Veterinary, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Burak Erdemci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Akgün Alsaran
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Anadolu University, Engineering Faculty, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Cinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Human Spinal Bone Dust as a Potential Local Autograft: In Vitro Potent Anabolic Effect on Human Osteoblasts. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:E193-E199. [PMID: 28723877 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro Study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect that factors released from human posterior spinal bone dust have on primary human osteoblast growth and maturation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Bone dust, created during spinal fusion surgeries, has the potential to be used as an autologous bone graft by providing a source of viable autologous osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells with osteogenic potential. Till date, no information is available on whether bone dust also provides a source of anabolic factors with the potential to enhance osteoblast proliferation and maturation, which would enhance its therapeutic potential. METHODS Bone dust was collected from consenting patients undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion surgeries, and primary human osteoblasts were cultured from patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Growth factors and cytokines released by bone dust were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary human osteoblast proliferation and gene expression in response to bone dust were assessed using H-thymidine incorporation and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Human bone dust released anabolic cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and growth factors (TGF-β, VEGF, FGF-Basic, and PDGF-BB) in increasing concentrations over a 7-day period. In vitro, the anabolic factors released by bone dust increased osteoblast proliferation by 7-fold, compared with osteoblasts cultured alone. In addition, the factors released from bone dust up-regulated a number of osteoblastic genes integral to osteoblast differentiation, maturation, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that human posterior spinal bone dust released anabolic factors that potently enhance osteoblast proliferation and the expression of genes that favor bone healing and bone union. As bone dust is anabolic and its harvest is fast, simple, and safe to perform, spinal surgeons should be encouraged to 'recycle' bone dust and harness the regenerative potential of this free autologous bone graft. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Segredo-Morales E, García-García P, Évora C, Delgado A. BMP delivery systems for bone regeneration: Healthy vs osteoporotic population. Review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou C, Yuan Y, Zhou P, Wang F, Hong Y, Wang N, Xu S, Du J. Highly Effective Antibacterial Vesicles Based on Peptide-Mimetic Alternating Copolymers for Bone Repair. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4154-4162. [PMID: 29020450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Zhou
- Shanghai
Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301
Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Panyu Zhou
- Changhai
Hospital, Department of Emergency, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fangyingkai Wang
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yuanxiu Hong
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Nuosha Wang
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Changhai
Hospital, Department of Emergency, The Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Shanghai
Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301
Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department
of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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Hyzy SL, Kajan I, Wilson DS, Lawrence KA, Mason D, Williams JK, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Inhibition of angiogenesis impairs bone healing in anin vivomurine rapid resynostosis model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2742-2749. [PMID: 28589712 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L. Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Illya Kajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 313 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Kelsey A. Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 313 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Devon Mason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
| | | | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
- Department of Periodontics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; 7703 Floyd Curl Drive San Antonio Texas
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; 601 West Main Street Richmond Virginia 23284
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 313 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta Georgia USA
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Patel R, Patel M, Kwak J, Iyer AK, Karpoormath R, Desai S, Rarh V. Polymeric microspheres: a delivery system for osteogenic differentiation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Patel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-Bind) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health, Sciences; Wayne State University; 259 Mack Ave Detroit MI 48201 USA
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences; University of Kwa Zulu Natal; Durban 4000 Africa
| | - Shrojal Desai
- Global Infusion Systems R&D at Hospira; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vimal Rarh
- Department of Chemistry, S.G.T.B. Khalsa College; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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81
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Wang C, Liu Y, Fan Y, Li X. The use of bioactive peptides to modify materials for bone tissue repair. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:191-206. [PMID: 28596916 PMCID: PMC5458541 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that the modification of biomaterials with appropriate bioactive peptides could further enhance their functions. Especially, it has been shown that peptide-modified bone repair materials could promote new bone formation more efficiently compared with conventional ones. The purpose of this article is to give a general review of recent studies on bioactive peptide-modified materials for bone tissue repair. Firstly, the main peptides for inducing bone regeneration and commonly used methods to prepare peptide-modified bone repair materials are introduced. Then, current in vitro and in vivo research progress of peptide-modified composites used as potential bone repair materials are reviewed and discussed. Generally speaking, the recent related studies have fully suggested that the modification of bone repair materials with osteogenic-related peptides provide promising strategies for the development of bioactive materials and substrates for enhanced bone regeneration and the therapy of bone tissue diseases. Furthermore, we have proposed some research trends in the conclusion and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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82
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Yang Y, Nian H, Tang X, Wang X, Liu R. Effects of the combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone turnover and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in GIOP rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:91-99. [PMID: 28254481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis based on the theory of "kidney governing bones" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, based on traditional Chinese formula Er-Zhi pills, were frequently used in TCM formulas that were prescribed for kidney tonifying and bone strengthening. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two herbs may have a protective influence on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of the decoction and the active fractions of the combined herbs in GIOP rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including the normal control (NC), GIOP model (MO), active fractions low (100mg/kg, LAF), active fractions high (200mg/kg, HAF), decoction low (3.5g/kg, LD), decoction high (7g/kg, HD) and Calcium with Vitamin D3 (0.2773g/kg, CaD)-treated group. The GIOP model was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (1mg/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks. Different kinds of indicators were measured, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), serum bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP), serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and serum carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen (ICTP), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone structured histomorphometry. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were detected by Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS Administration of combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi decoction and combined active fractions could significantly prevent GC-induced bone loss by increasing the contents of serum b-ALP, BGP and BMP-2 as the markers of bone formation, reducing the serum TRACP and ICTP contents to inhibit bone resorption and enhancing BMC. They could also attenuate biomechanical properties and BMD reduction, deterioration of trabecular architecture in MO rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, smad2, smad3 and smad4 were up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was down-regulated following combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi treatment. CONCLUSION Combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi exhibited protective effects on promoting bone formation and precluding bone resorption. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its regulations on TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The substance bases of the combined herbs on anti-osteoporosis were total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii, total iridoids and flavonoids of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Honglei Nian
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Renhui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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83
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Wang J, Liu D, Guo B, Yang X, Chen X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Zhang X. Role of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic-mediated secretion of signaling molecules by macrophages in migration and osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:447-460. [PMID: 28126596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction initiates fracture healing and could play a role in the osteoinductive effect of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics, which has been widely confirmed; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, various signaling molecules from macrophages under the stimulation of osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic and its degradation products were examined and evaluated for their influence on the migration and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results of cellular experiments confirmed that the gene expression of most inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1) and growth factors (VEGF, PDGF and EGF) by macrophages were up-regulated to varying degrees by BCP ceramic and its degradation products. Cell migration tests demonstrated that the conditioned media (CMs), which contained abundant signaling molecules secreted by macrophages cultured on BCP ceramic and its degradation products, promoted the migration of MSCs. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that CMs promoted the gene expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, COL-I, OSX, BSP and OPN) in MSCs. ALP activity and mineralization staining further confirmed that CMs promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. The present study confirmed the correlation between the inflammatory reaction and osteoinductive capacity of BCP ceramic. The ceramic itself and its degradation products can induce macrophages to express and secrete various signaling molecules, which then recruit and promote the MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. Compared with BCP conditioned media, degradation particles played a more substantial role in this process. Thus, inflammation initiated by BCP ceramic and its degradation products could be necessary for osteoinduction by the ceramic. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is known that the inflammatory reaction initiates fracture healing. The aim of this study was to examine whether osteoinductive BCP ceramics could cause macrophages to change their secretion patterns and whether the secreted cytokines could affect migration and osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Moreover, the duration of inflammation could be influenced by the local ionic environment and the degradation products of the implant. Our experimental results revealed the correlation between the inflammatory reaction and osteoinductive capacity of BCP ceramic. The ceramic itself and its degradation products can induce macrophages to express and secrete various signaling molecules, which then recruit and promote the MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. Compared with ionic microenvironment, degradation particles played a more substantial role in this process. Therefore, the appropriate inflammation initiated by BCP ceramic and its degradation products could be essential for osteoinduction by the ceramic. We believe that the present study improves the understanding of the effect of biomaterial-mediated inflammation on MSC migration and differentiation and established a preliminary correlation between the immune system and osteoinduction by biomaterials.
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84
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Yan M, Ni J, Shen H, Song D, Ding M, Huang J. Local controlled release of simvastatin and PDGF from core/shell microspheres promotes bone regeneration in vivo. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is demonstrated to be a potent stimulator for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- The Center of Medical Research
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
| | - Deye Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
| | - Muliang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410011
- P. R. China
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85
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Alterman JB, Huff JF. Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane. J Vet Dent 2016; 33:185-194. [DOI: 10.1177/0898756416676564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases diagnosed in dogs and cats. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a treatment alternative to extraction of strategically important teeth. The barrier membrane used in the GTR procedure is of key importance. The purpose of this case series was to evaluate a liquid polymer gel as a membrane for GTR. The polymer gel ( N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and poly [DL-lactide]) combined with 8.5% doxycycline hyclate was used in place of a traditional membrane in 4 teeth. The teeth were re-examined 6 months postoperatively for radiographic evaluation. A decrease in probing depth and new alveolar bone formation was seen 6 months postoperatively. Improvement in periodontal disease stage was seen in 2 of the 4 teeth. Larger controlled trials with histopathologic evaluation are indicated to further assess the use of this polymer as a membrane in GTR. However, the clinical outcomes of all 4 treated teeth were considered successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Alterman
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, VCA Animal Specialty Center of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Dentistry Department, Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners of Midvale, Midvale, UT, USA
| | - John F. Huff
- VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
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86
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Katsumura S, Izu Y, Yamada T, Griendling K, Harada K, Noda M, Ezura Y. FGF Suppresses Poldip2 Expression in Osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1670-1677. [PMID: 27918072 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent ageing-associated diseases that are soaring in the modern world. Although various aspects of the disease have been investigated to understand the bases of osteoporosis, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone loss is still incompletely understood. Poldip2 is a molecule that has been shown to be involved in cell migration of vascular cells and angiogenesis. However, expression of Poldip2 and its regulation in bone cells were not known. Therefore, we examined the Poldip2 mRNA expression and the effects of bone regulators on the Poldip2 expression in osteoblasts. We found that Poldip2 mRNA is expressed in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. As FGF controls osteoblasts and angiogenesis, FGF regulation was investigated in these cells. FGF suppressed the expression of Poldip2 in MC3T3-E1 cells in a time dependent manner. Protein synthesis inhibitor but not transcription inhibitor reduced the FGF effects on Poldip2 gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. As for bone-related hormones, dexamethasone was found to enhance the expression of Poldip2 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells whereas FGF still suppressed such dexamethasone effects. With respect to function, knockdown of Poldip2 by siRNA suppressed the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells. Poldip2 was also expressed in the primary cultures of osteoblast-enriched cells and FGF also suppressed its expression. Finally, Poldip2 was expressed in femoral bone in vivo and its levels were increased in aged mice compared to young adult mice. These data indicate that Poldip2 is expressed in osteoblastic cells and is one of the targets of FGF. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1670-1677, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakie Katsumura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathy Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Maiti SK, Ninu AR, Sangeetha P, Mathew DD, Tamilmahan P, Kritaniya D, Kumar N, Hescheler J. Mesenchymal stem cells-seeded bio-ceramic construct for bone regeneration in large critical-size bone defect in rabbit. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2016. [PMID: 28096633 PMCID: PMC5227108 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1202013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) represent an attractive cell population for tissue engineering purpose. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) to a silica-coated calcium hydroxyapatite (HASi) - rabbit bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) construct promoted bone healing in a large segmental bone defect beyond standard critical -size radial defects (15mm) in rabbits. An extensively large 30mm long radial ostectomy was performed unilaterally in thirty rabbits divided equally in five groups. Defects were filled with a HASi scaffold only (group B); HASi scaffold seeded with rBMSC (group C); HASi scaffold seeded with rBMSC along with rhBMP-2 and IGF-1 in groups D and E respectively. The same number of rBMSC (five million cells) and concentration of growth factors rhBMP-2 (50µg) and IGF-1 (50µg) was again injected at the site of bone defect after 15 days of surgery in their respective groups. An empty defect served as the control group (group A). Radiographically, bone healing was evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days post implantation. Histological qualitative analysis with microCT (µ-CT), haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson’s trichrome staining were performed 90 days after implantation. All rhBMP-2-added constructs induced the formation of well-differentiated mineralized woven bone surrounding the HASi scaffolds and bridging bone/implant interfaces as early as eight weeks after surgery. Bone regeneration appeared to develop earlier with the rhBMP-2 constructs than with the IGF-1 added construct. Constructs without any rhBMP-2 or IGF-1 showed osteoconductive properties limited to the bone junctions without bone ingrowths within the implantation site. In conclusion, the addition of rhBMP-2 to a HASi scaffold could promote bone generation in a large critical-size-defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Principal Scientist, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Ajantha Ravindran Ninu
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Palakkara Sangeetha
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Dayamon D Mathew
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Paramasivam Tamilmahan
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Kritaniya
- Senior Research Fellow, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Principal Scientist, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Jurgen Hescheler
- Director, Institute of Neurophysiology, Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 39, D-50931, Köln, Germany
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88
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Bastami F, Paknejad Z, Jafari M, Salehi M, Rezai Rad M, Khojasteh A. Fabrication of a three-dimensional β-tricalcium-phosphate/gelatin containing chitosan-based nanoparticles for sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2: Implication for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 72:481-491. [PMID: 28024612 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of an ideal scaffold having proper composition, physical structure and able to have sustained release of growth factors still is challenging for bone tissue engineering. Current study aimed to design an appropriate three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold with suitable physical characteristics, including proper compressive strength, degradation rate, porosity, and able to sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), for bone tissue engineering. A highly porous 3-D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, inside of which two perpendicular canals were created, was fabricated using foam-casting technique. Then, scaffolds were coated with gelatin layer. Next, BMP2-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were dispersed into collagen hydrogel and filled into the scaffold canals. Physical characteristics of fabricated constructs were evaluated. Moreover, the capability of given construct for bone regeneration has been evaluated in vitro in interaction with human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (hBFPSCs). The results showed that gelatin-coated TCP scaffold with rhBMP2 delivery system not only could act as a mechanically and biologically compatible framework, but also act as an osteoinductive graft by sustained delivering of rhBMP2 in a therapeutic window for differentiation of hBFPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage. The proposed scaffold model can be suggested for delivering of cells and other growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alone or in combination, for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bastami
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahrasadat Paknejad
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maissa Jafari
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Feasibility and Efficiency of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Culture with Allogeneic Platelet Lysate-Supplementation for Cell Therapy against Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6104780. [PMID: 27840648 PMCID: PMC5093274 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing interest in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) as regeneration therapy against cerebral stroke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and validity of hBMSC cultures with allogeneic platelet lysates (PLs). Platelet concentrates (PC) were harvested from healthy volunteers and made into single donor-derived PL (sPL). The PL mixtures (mPL) were made from three different sPL. Some growth factors and platelet cell surface antigens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hBMSCs cultured with 10% PL were analyzed for their proliferative potential, surface markers, and karyotypes. The cells were incubated with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) agents and injected into a pig brain. MRI and histological analysis were performed. Consequently, nine lots of sPL and three mPL were prepared. ELISA analysis showed that PL contained adequate growth factors and a particle of platelet surface antigens. Cell proliferation capacity of PLs was equivalent to or higher than that of fetal calf serum (FCS). No contradiction in cell surface markers and no chromosomal aberrations were found. The MRI detected the distribution of SPIO-labeled hBMSCs in the pig brain. In summary, the hBMSCs cultured with allogeneic PL are suitable for cell therapy against stroke.
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90
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Han S, Proctor AR, Vella JB, Benoit DSW, Choe R. Non-invasive diffuse correlation tomography reveals spatial and temporal blood flow differences in murine bone grafting approaches. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3262-3279. [PMID: 27699097 PMCID: PMC5030009 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal blood flow during murine bone graft healing was monitored non-invasively using diffuse correlation tomography. The system utilized spatially dense data from a scanning set-up, non-linear reconstruction, and micro-CT anatomical information. Weekly in vivo measurements were performed. Blood flow changes in autografts, which heal successfully, were localized to graft regions and consistent across mice. Poor healing allografts showed heterogeneous blood flow elevation and high inter-subject variabilities. Allografts with tissue-engineered periosteum showed responses intermediate to both autografts and allografts, consistent with healing observed. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal blood flow changes can be utilized to differentiate the degree of bone graft healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfeng Han
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Ashley R. Proctor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Joseph B. Vella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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91
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Moghaddam A, Yildirim TM, Westhauser F, Danner W, Swing T, Bruckner T, Biglari B. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of long bone nonunions: Evaluation of cytokine expression as a tool for objectifying nonunion therapy. J Orthop 2016; 13:306-12. [PMID: 27408510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonunion is one of the most common complications in bone healing. After several clinical studies, the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the treatment of nonunions remains unclear because of the difficulty in evaluating its effect on bone healing. In former studies, the analysis of serum cytokine expression patterns over time has proven to be an objective method for showing the bone healing process and evaluating nonunion therapies. This study evaluates LIPUS as a treatment option for patients with nonunions based on the analysis of serum cytokine expression. METHODS In this prospective, single institution study, venous blood samples from 23 patients were taken from October 2012 to October 2013 before starting LIPUS therapy and at the end of week 1 and 2 and after 1, 2, and 3 months. Patients attended clinical and radiological follow-up examinations at the same intervals. After treating all patients according to the LIPUS therapy protocol, we divided them into two groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with healing at the nonunion site, and Group 2 consisted of patients with failed nonunion therapy. We measured transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) at all time-points. RESULTS The TGF-β1 serum concentration increased from the pre-treatment value to 1 week within the unsuccessful group. Otherwise, no significant differences between groups in measured cytokines during LIPUS therapy could be detected. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LIPUS does not lead to a significant increase in cytokine levels in patients with nonunions. It is likely that "successful" treatment can be attributed to spontaneous healing. Our results suggest that LIPUS is not a proper treatment for long bone nonunions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Moghaddam
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Timur Mert Yildirim
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Danner
- BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Tyler Swing
- HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
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A case of mandible hypoplasia treated with autologous bone graft from mandibular symphysis: Expression of VEGF and receptors in bone regeneration. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:652-656. [PMID: 27432807 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system plays an important role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis during both skeletal development and postnatal bone growth and repair. Indeed, protein expression changes of this system could contribute to craniofacial defects commonly associated with a variety of congenital syndromes. Similarly to other craniofacial bones, mandible arises from neural crest cells of the neuroectodermal germ layer, and undergoes membranous ossification. Here, we report a case of left mandibular hypoplasia in a 42-year-old man treated with autologous bone graft from mandibular symphysis. After 3 months from surgical reconstruction, the protein expression of VEGF and receptors (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3) in regenerated bone tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. At variance with the mandibular symphysis bone harvested for graft surgery, we observed de novo expression of VEGF and VEGFRs in osteoblasts and osteocytes from post-graft regenerating mandible bone tissue. In particular, while VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 immunopositivity was widespread in osteoblasts, that of VEGFR-2 was scattered. Among the three receptors, VEGFR-3 was the more intensively expressed both in osteoblasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that VEGFR-2 might be produced during the early period of regeneration, while VEGFR-1 might participate in bone cell maintenance during the middle or late consolidation period. VEGFR-3 might, instead, represent a specific signal for ectomesenchymal lineage differentiation during bone regeneration. Modulation of VEGF/VEGFR signaling could contribute to graft integration and new bone formation during mandibular regeneration.
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93
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Al Subaie A, Emami E, Tamimi I, Laurenti M, Eimar H, Abdallah MN, Tamimi F. Systemic administration of omeprazole interferes with bone healing and implant osseointegration: an in vivo study on rat tibiae. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:193-203. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- College of Dentistry; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Montreal; Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Marco Laurenti
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Hazem Eimar
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
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Fischer C, Doll J, Tanner M, Bruckner T, Zimmermann G, Helbig L, Biglari B, Schmidmaier G, Moghaddam A. Quantification of TGF-ß1, PDGF and IGF-1 cytokine expression after fracture treatment vs. non-union therapy via masquelet. Injury 2016; 47:342-9. [PMID: 26775211 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biochemical processes during bone regeneration can be analysed via quantification of peripheral serum cytokine levels. To date, serum levels of cytokines in patients treated with masquelet technique and patients with normal bone healing have not been compared. This comparison is supposed to deliver novel insights into the process of bone regeneration. Our aim was to validate this established method in the monitoring of bone regeneration after non-union treatment in masquelet technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 04/2008 and 01/2014 three groups were recruited: G1 (10 patients) with long bone non-unions, treated successfully with masquelet therapy, G2 (6 patients) with unsuccessful masquelet therapy and G3 (10 patients) with long bone fractures and normal bone healing. Peripheral blood samples were collected over a period of six months following a standardised time pattern in combination with clinical and radiologic follow up. TGF-ß1, PDGF-AB and IGF-1 were measured using commercially available immunoassays. RESULTS TGF-ß1 levels in G1 and G2 demonstrated a parallel and lower overall concentration over time compared to G3. G3 showed a significant TGF-ß1 peak 2 weeks after surgery compared to G1 (p=0.0054). PDGF-AB concentrations were always lower in G2 than in G1 and G3. G3 peaked at week 2 with a significant higher value than in G2 (p=0.0177). IGF-1 showed lower overall serum concentrations in G2 than in G1 and G3. G1 had a peak level during the fourth week of follow-up. Compared to G2 this peak was significant (p=0.0015). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that successful bone regeneration via masquelet technique only partially imitates cytokine expression of physiological bone healing. High expressions of IGF-1 correspond to a successful masquelet therapy while TGF-ß seems to play a minor role. These results assume that objective analysis of an effective non-union therapy with cytokine expression analysis is possible even with a small number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fischer
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany.
| | - Julian Doll
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
| | - Michael Tanner
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
| | - Gerald Zimmermann
- Theresienkrankenhaus und St. Hedwigs-Klinik GmbH, Department for Trauma Surgery, Mannheim, D-68165 Germany
| | - Lars Helbig
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, D-67071 Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital. HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, D-69118 Germany
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95
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Wen L, Wang Y, Wen N, Yuan G, Wen M, Zhang L, Liu Q, Liang Y, Cai C, Chen X, Ding Y. Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Maintaining Stemness and Enhancing Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Indirect Cell-Cell Interaction. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 25:123-38. [PMID: 26528828 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A hot issue in current research regarding stem cells for regenerative medicine is the retainment of the stemness and multipotency of stem cell. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are characterized by an angiogenic switch that induces angiogenesis and further ameliorates the local microenvironment in ischemic organs. This study investigated whether EPCs could modulate the multipotent and differential abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We established an EPC/MSC indirect Transwell coculture system and then examined the effects of EPCs on the regulation of MSC biological properties in vitro and bone formation in vivo. The in vitro studies showed that cocultured MSCs (coMSCs) display no overt changes in cell morphology but an enhanced MSC phenotype compared with monocultured MSCs (monoMSCs). Our studies regarding the cellular, molecular, and protein characteristics of coMSCs and monoMSCs demonstrated that EPCs greatly promote the proliferation and differentiation potentials of coMSCs under indirect coculture condition. The expression of the pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, and Klf4 was also upregulated in coMSCs. Furthermore, coMSCs combined with fibrin glue showed improved bone regeneration when used to repair rat alveolar bone defects compared with monoMSC grafts in vivo. This study is the first to demonstrate that EPCs have dynamic roles in maintaining MSC stemness and regulating MSC differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China .,2 Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- 2 Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China .,3 Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wen
- 2 Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Gongjie Yuan
- 4 Department of Orthodontics, Dalian Stomatological Hospital , Dalian, China
| | - Mingling Wen
- 5 Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- 6 Department of Stomatology, 323 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army , Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Chuan Cai
- 2 Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- 7 Department of General Dentistry, 174th Hospital of Chinese PLA , Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Ding
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
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96
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Song Y, Zheng J, Yan M, Ding W, Xu K, Fan Q, Li Z. The Effect of Irreversible Electroporation on the Femur: Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18187. [PMID: 26655843 PMCID: PMC4674754 DOI: 10.1038/srep18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablation method that has been tested in humans with lung, prostate, kidney, liver, lymph node and presacral cancers. As a new non-thermal treatment, the use of IRE to ablate tumors in the musculoskeletal system might reduce the incidence of fractures. We aimed to determine the ablation threshold of cortical bone and to evaluate the medium- and long-term healing process and mechanical properties of the femur in a rabbit model post-IRE ablation. The ablation threshold of cortical bone was between 1090 V/cm and 1310 V/cm (120 pulses). IRE-ablated femurs displayed no detectable fracture but did exhibit signs of recovery, including osteoblast regeneration, angiogenesis and bone remodeling. In the ablation area, revascularization appeared at 4 weeks post-IRE. Osteogenic activity peaked 8 weeks post-IRE and remained high at 12 weeks. The mechanical strength decreased briefly 4 weeks post-IRE but returned to normal levels within 8 weeks. Our experiment revealed that IRE ablation preserved the structural integrity of the bone cortex, and the ablated bone was able to regenerate rapidly. IRE may hold unique promise for in situ bone tissue ablation because rapid revascularization and active osteogenesis in the IRE ablation area are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department of Urologic and Pediatric Surgery, NO. 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, NO. 5 Guangrong Street, Shenyang, 110003, P.R.China.,Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, NO. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, P.R.China
| | - Mingwei Yan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P.R.China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P.R.China
| | - Kui Xu
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Qingyu Fan
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Zhao Li
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
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97
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Han S, Hoffman MD, Proctor AR, Vella JB, Mannoh EA, Barber NE, Kim HJ, Jung KW, Benoit DSW, Choe R. Non-Invasive Monitoring of Temporal and Spatial Blood Flow during Bone Graft Healing Using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143891. [PMID: 26625352 PMCID: PMC4666601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular infiltration and associated alterations in microvascular blood flow are critical for complete bone graft healing. Therefore, real-time, longitudinal measurement of blood flow has the potential to successfully predict graft healing outcomes. Herein, we non-invasively measure longitudinal blood flow changes in bone autografts and allografts using diffuse correlation spectroscopy in a murine femoral segmental defect model. Blood flow was measured at several positions proximal and distal to the graft site before implantation and every week post-implantation for a total of 9 weeks (autograft n = 7 and allograft n = 10). Measurements of the ipsilateral leg with the graft were compared with those of the intact contralateral control leg. Both autografts and allografts exhibited an initial increase in blood flow followed by a gradual return to baseline levels. Blood flow elevation lasted up to 2 weeks in autografts, but this duration varied from 2 to 6 weeks in allografts depending on the spatial location of the measurement. Intact contralateral control leg blood flow remained at baseline levels throughout the 9 weeks in the autograft group; however, in the allograft group, blood flow followed a similar trend to the graft leg. Blood flow difference between the graft and contralateral legs (ΔrBF), a parameter defined to estimate graft-specific changes, was elevated at 1–2 weeks for the autograft group, and at 2–4 weeks for the allograft group at the proximal and the central locations. However, distal to the graft, the allograft group exhibited significantly greater ΔrBF than the autograft group at 3 weeks post-surgery (p < 0.05). These spatial and temporal differences in blood flow supports established trends of delayed healing in allografts versus autografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfeng Han
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Proctor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Vella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel A. Mannoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel E. Barber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ki Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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98
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Application of platelet-rich fibrin in endodontic surgery: a pilot study. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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99
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Agarwal R, García AJ. Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:53-62. [PMID: 25861724 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
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100
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Bone critical defect repair with poloxamine-cyclodextrin supramolecular gels. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:463-473. [PMID: 26362078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoinductive capacity of a poloxamine (Tetronic(®) 908, T) and α-cyclodextrin (αCD) supramolecular gel (T-CD) as scaffold in a critical size defect in rat calvaria. The T-CD gel was evaluated solely and after being loaded with simvastatin (SV) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) separately and in combinations in order to reduce the doses of the active substances. Three doses of SV (7.5, 75, 750 μg) and two doses of BMP-2 (3 and 6 μg) were tested. The histology and histomorphometrical analysis showed improved bone repair with T-CD compared to T, probably due to better release control of both SV and BMP-2. In addition, as T-CD eroded more slowly than poloxamine alone, it remained longer in the defect site. Although synergism was not obtained with BMP-2 and SV, according to the observed regeneration of the defect, the dose of BMP-2 and SV can be reduced to 3 μg and 7.5 μg, respectively.
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