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Yoo A, Ahn J, Kim MJ, Seo HD, Hahm JH, Jung CH, Ha TY. Fruit of Schisandra chinensis and its bioactive component schizandrin B ameliorate obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111439. [PMID: 35761679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit (Omiza in Korean), used for the production tea or liquor, and is known to enhance skeletal muscle function. However, the effect of Omiza extract (OM) on obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of OM on skeletal muscle mass and performance in obese mice. OM increased skeletal muscle weight, size and improved skeletal muscle performance. Further, it also suppressed obesity-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokines, MuRF1, and Atrogin1 in mouse skeletal muscle and enhanced the expression of MHC and the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR signaling molecules, thereby suppressing myostatin expression and regulating Smad-FOXO signaling. Schizandrin B, a major component of OM inhibited palmitic acid induced atrophy in C2C12 cells via Smad-FOXO regulation, suggesting that it partially contributed to the effects of OM against obesity-induced muscle atrophy. Taken together, OM may have the potential to prevent and treat obesity-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyoung Yoo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Sencan C, Dost FS, Ates Bulut E, Isik AT. DPP4 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic option for sarcopenia: A 6-month follow-up study in diabetic older patients. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baig MH, Ahmad K, Moon JS, Park SY, Ho Lim J, Chun HJ, Qadri AF, Hwang YC, Jan AT, Ahmad SS, Ali S, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Myostatin and its Regulation: A Comprehensive Review of Myostatin Inhibiting Strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:876078. [PMID: 35812316 PMCID: PMC9259834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.876078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a well-reported negative regulator of muscle growth and a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF) family. MSTN has important functions in skeletal muscle (SM), and its crucial involvement in several disorders has made it an important therapeutic target. Several strategies based on the use of natural compounds to inhibitory peptides are being used to inhibit the activity of MSTN. This review delivers an overview of the current state of knowledge about SM and myogenesis with particular emphasis on the structural characteristics and regulatory functions of MSTN during myogenesis and its involvements in various muscle related disorders. In addition, we review the diverse approaches used to inhibit the activity of MSTN, especially in silico approaches to the screening of natural compounds and the design of novel short peptides derived from proteins that typically interact with MSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Afsha Fatima Qadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ye Chan Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Ju Lee, ; Inho Choi,
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Ju Lee, ; Inho Choi,
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Hypoglycaemic therapy in frail older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a choice determined by metabolic phenotype. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1949-1967. [PMID: 35723859 PMCID: PMC9208348 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a newly emerging complication of diabetes in older people and increasingly recognised in national and international clinical guidelines. However, frailty remains less clearly defined and frail older people with diabetes are rarely characterised. The general recommendation of clinical guidelines is to aim for a relaxed glycaemic control, mainly to avoid hypoglycaemia, in this often-vulnerable group of patients. With increasing age and development of frailty, body composition changes are characterised by an increase in visceral adipose tissue and a decrease in body muscle mass. Depending on the overall body weight, differential loss of muscle fibre types and body adipose/muscle tissue ratio, the presence of any associated frailty can be seen as a spectrum of metabolic phenotypes that vary in insulin resistance of which we have defined two specific phenotypes. The sarcopenic obese (SO) frail phenotype with increased visceral fat and increased insulin resistance on one side of spectrum and the anorexic malnourished (AM) frail phenotype with significant muscle loss and reduced insulin resistance on the other. In view of these varying metabolic phenotypes, the choice of hypoglycaemic therapy, glycaemic targets and overall goals of therapy are likely to be different. In the SO phenotype, weight-limiting hypoglycaemic agents, especially the new agents of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2 inhibitors, should be considered early on in therapy due to their benefits on weight reduction and ability to achieve tight glycaemic control where the focus will be on the reduction of cardiovascular risk. In the AM phenotype, weight-neutral agents or insulin therapy should be considered early on due to their benefits of limiting further weight loss and the possible anabolic effects of insulin. Here, the goals of therapy will be a combination of relaxed glycaemic control and avoidance of hypoglycaemia; and the focus will be on maintenance of a good quality of life. Future research is still required to develop novel hypoglycaemic agents with a positive effect on body composition in frailty and improvements in clinical outcomes.
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Byeon HR, Jang SY, Lee Y, Kim D, Hong MG, Lee D, Shin JH, Seo JG. New Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are Effective for Improving the Muscle Strength of Mice with Immobilization-Induced Muscular Atrophy. J Med Food 2022; 25:565-575. [PMID: 35708632 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular atrophy is a muscle disease in which muscle mass and strength decrease due to aging, injury, metabolic disorders, or chronic conditions. Proteins in muscle tissue are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and atrophy accelerates this pathway. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains are effective agents against metabolic and inflammatory diseases in next-generation probiotic research. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 and F. prausnitzii strain EB-FPDK11 in a mouse model of muscular atrophy, since atrophy inhibits energy metabolism and immune activation. After oral administration of each strain for 4 weeks, the hind legs of the mice were fixed with a plaster cast to immobilize them for a week. As a result, the administration of EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 strains improved grip strength but did not increase muscle mass. At the molecular level, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii treatments decreased the expression levels of ubiquitin-proteasome genes, atrogin-1, MuRF, and cathepsin L. They increased the expression level of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory gene, PGC-1α. The effect of the strains was confirmed by a decrease in myostatin. Furthermore, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii modulated the immune function by enhancing ZO-1 and inhibiting IL-6. In particular, EB-AMDK19 promoted the expression of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may have beneficial effects on muscular atrophy, verified by newly isolated EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 as potential next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Byeon
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
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Kim TY, Park KT, Choung SY. Codonopsis lanceolata and its active component Tangshenoside I ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154058. [PMID: 35349834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy is caused by aging, disuse, malnutrition, and several diseases. However, there are still no effective drugs or treatments for muscle atrophy. Codonopsis lanceolata (CL), a traditional medicinal plant and food, has been reported to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and active component of CL on muscle atrophy in vitro and to confirm the effect of CL and its active component on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo. STUDY design/Methods This study used the dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy C2C12 myotube model and immobilization (IM)-induced muscle atrophy C57BL/6 mice model. In vitro study, the myotube diameter was measured. In vivo study, the grip strength, muscle mass (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus) and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to confirm the underlying molecular mechanisms Results:In vitro study, CL and its main component, Tangshenoside I (TSI), effectively restored C2C12 myotube diameters decreased by Dex. Surprisingly, TSI was identified as the active component responsible for the overall efficacy of CL on muscle atrophy. In vivo study, CL and TSI, dose-dependently increased grip strength, mass muscle, and muscle fiber CSA reduced by IM. In the molecular mechanism studies, CL and TSI increased muscle protein synthesis via activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and decreased muscle protein degradation via inhibiting the muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box protein (Atrogin-1) expressions. It also upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis via the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggests that CL and its active component, TSI, can be potential drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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57
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Yadav A, Yadav SS, Singh S, Dabur R. Natural products: Potential therapeutic agents to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174995. [PMID: 35523319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle (SkM) is the largest organ, which plays a vital role in controlling musculature, locomotion, body heat regulation, physical strength, and metabolism of the body. A sedentary lifestyle, aging, cachexia, denervation, immobilization, etc. Can lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, which is further responsible for SkM atrophy (SmA). To date, the understanding of the mechanism of SkM mass loss is limited which also restricted the number of drugs to treat SmA. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to regulate muscle homeostasis. Presently, some natural products attained immense attraction to regulate SkM homeostasis. The natural products, i.e., polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin), terpenoids (ursolic acid, tanshinone IIA, celastrol), flavonoids, alkaloids (tomatidine, magnoflorine), vitamin D, etc. exhibit strong potential against SmA. Some of these natural products have been reported to have equivalent potential to standard treatments to prevent body lean mass loss. Indeed, owing to the large complexity, diversity, and slow absorption rate of bioactive compounds made their usage quite challenging. Moreover, the use of natural products is controversial due to their partially known or elusive mechanism of action. Therefore, the present review summarizes various experimental and clinical evidence of some important bioactive compounds that shall help in the development of novel strategies to counteract SmA elicited by various causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Nunes EA, Stokes T, McKendry J, Currier BS, Phillips SM. Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and non-disease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1068-C1084. [PMID: 35476500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to muscle mass loss, also known as muscle atrophy. The balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of skeletal muscle mass. A reduced mechanical load on skeletal muscle is one of the main external factors leading to muscle atrophy. However, endocrine and inflammatory factors can act synergistically in catabolic states, amplifying the atrophy process and accelerating its progression. Additionally, older individuals display aging-induced anabolic resistance, which can predispose this population to more pronounced effects when exposed to periods of reduced physical activity or mechanical unloading. Different cellular mechanisms contribute to the regulation of muscle protein balance during skeletal muscle atrophy. This review summarizes the effects of muscle disuse on muscle protein balance and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy in the absence or presence of disease. Finally, a discussion of the current literature describing efficient strategies to prevent or improve the recovery from muscle atrophy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brad S Currier
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Duan J, Cheng M, Xu Y, Tang S, Li X, Chen Y, Lu H, Gao T, Yu W. Comparison of the effects of different calorie amounts of enteral nutrition in hypercatabolism associated with ghrelin-POMC in endotoxemic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35428321 PMCID: PMC9013094 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercatabolism often occurs in critically ill patients, and it increases infection rates and mortality in these patients. Enteral nutrition (EN) is commonly used in case of hypercatabolism. However, the effect of amount of calories in EN on hypercatabolism remains unexplored. Objective Here, we compared the effect of low-calorie, medium-calorie and high-calorie EN on hypercatabolism in the acute phase of endotoxemia, which is associated with gastrointestinal hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
Methods Overall 84 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used for research. A set of rats were divided into 5 groups, Control (NS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups were fed a standard chow diet; LPS + L (LPS + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), LPS + M (LPS + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and LPS + H (LPS + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Another set of rats were used for parallel control experiment and divided into 5 groups: NS + F (saline + fasting) and LPS + F (LPS + fasting) groups were given no food, NS + L (saline + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), NS + M (saline + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and NS + H (saline + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Hypercatabolism was evaluated by assessing skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, insulin resistance, and corticosterone levels. Moreover, serum inflammatory factors, gastrointestinal hormones, hypothalamic ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1α, hypothalamic neuropeptide, and intestinal injury indicators were detected. Results Low-calorie EN effectively increased serum and hypothalamic ghrelin possibly due to slight intestinal barrier damage, thereby decreasing hypothalamic POMC expression; consequently, it alleviated rat insulin resistance, reduced blood cortisol levels and muscle atrophy, and improved the survival rate of rats in the acute phase of endotoxemia. Interestingly, with an increase in calories in enteral nutrition, the aforementioned effects did not increase. Conclusions Low-calorie EN could effectively increase gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin by reducing intestinal damage and suppressing POMC expression to ameliorate hypercatabolism when compared with medium-calorie and high-calorie EN. Therefore Low-calorie EN may be preferred for providing EN in the acute stage of endotoxemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Duan
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Cheng
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Xu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiu Tang
- Nanjing University Hospital, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gao
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Nutrients against Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050687. [PMID: 35267320 PMCID: PMC8909279 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess is a critical factor contributing to muscle atrophy. Both endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids negatively affect the preservation of muscle mass and function. To date, the most effective intervention to prevent muscle atrophy is to apply a mechanical load in the form of resistance exercise. However, glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy easily causes fatigue in daily physical activities, such as climbing stairs and walking at a brisk pace, and reduces body movements to cause a decreased ability to perform physical activity. Therefore, providing adequate nutrients in these circumstances is a key factor in limiting muscle wasting and improving muscle mass recovery. The present review will provide an up-to-date review of the effects of various nutrients, including amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and β–hydroxy β–methylbutyrate (HMB), fatty acids such as omega-3, and vitamins and their derivates on the prevention and improvement of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.
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Erekat NS, Al-Jarrah MD. Endurance exercise training suppresses myostatin upregulation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Vet World 2022; 15:383-389. [PMID: 35400955 PMCID: PMC8980372 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.383-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Muscle atrophy is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although myostatin has been implicated in muscle atrophy, its expression in PD skeletal muscle has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of PD induction and exercise training on myostatin expression in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino mice were randomly selected and separated into three groups of 10 mice each: Sedentary control, sedentary PD (SPD), and exercised PD (EPD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid were used to induce chronic parkinsonism in the PD groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of myostatin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in gastrocnemius muscles of all three groups. Results: Myostatin expression and NF-kB nuclear localization, indicative of its activation, were significantly (p<0.01) higher in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in the SPD group than in the control and EPD groups. Concomitantly, the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the SPD albino mice was significantly smaller (p<0.01) than in the control and EPD groups, indicating muscle atrophy. Conclusion: The present data are the first to indicate a correlation between PD induction and myostatin overexpression and NF-kB activation in the gastrocnemius muscle, potentially promoting the muscle atrophy commonly seen in PD. Additionally, the current data are the first to indicate the beneficial effects of exercise training on PD-associated myostatin overexpression, NF-κB activation, and muscle atrophy. Thus, our data are the first to suggest that myostatin and NF-κB might be regarded as potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to ameliorate skeletal muscle abnormalities commonly observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Liao Y, Zhou X, Peng Z, Li D, Meng Z, Xu S, Yang X, Liu L, Yang W. Muscle aging amelioration by yeast protein supplementation was associated with gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Das A, Gopinath SD, Arimbasseri GA. Systemic ablation of vitamin D receptor leads to skeletal muscle glycogen storage disorder in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:467-480. [PMID: 34877816 PMCID: PMC8818613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency leads to pathologies of multiple organ systems including skeletal muscle. Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency exhibit muscle weakness and are susceptible to frequent falls. Mice lacking a functional vitamin D receptor (VDR) develop severe skeletal muscle atrophy immediately after weaning. But the root cause of myopathies when vitamin D signalling is impaired is unknown. Because vitamin D deficiency leads to metabolic changes as well, we hypothesized that the skeletal muscle atrophy in mice lacking VDR may have a metabolic origin. METHODS We analysed wild-type (WT) mice as well as vitamin D receptor null (vdr-/-) mice for skeletal muscle proteostasis, energy metabolism, systemic glucose homeostasis, and muscle glycogen levels. Dysregulation of signalling pathways as well as the glycogen synthesis and utilization machinery were also analysed using western blots. qRT-PCR assays were performed to understand changes in mRNA levels. RESULTS Skeletal muscles of vdr-/- exhibited higher expression levels of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and showed increased protein ubiquitination, suggesting up-regulation of protein degradation. Foxo1 transcription factor was activated in vdr-/- while Foxo3 factor was unaffected. Fasting protein synthesis as well as mTORC1 pathways were severely down-regulated in vdr-/- mice. Skeletal muscle ATP levels were low in vdr-/- (0.58 ± 0.18 μmol/mL vs. 1.6 ± 0.0.14 μmol/mL, P = 0.006), leading to increased AMPK activity. Muscle energy deprivation was not caused by decreased mitochondrial activity as we found the respiratory complex II activity in vdr-/- muscles to be higher compared with WT (0.29 ± 0.007 mU/μL vs. 0.16 ± 0.005 mU/μL). vdr-/- mice had lower fasting blood glucose levels (95 ± 14.5 mg/dL vs. 148.6 ± 6.1 mg/dL, P = 0.0017) while they exhibited hyperlactataemia (7.42 ± 0.31 nmol/μL vs. 4.95 ± 0.44 nmol/μL, P = 0.0032), suggesting systemic energy deficiency in these mice. Insulin levels in these mice were significantly lower in response to intraperitoneal glucose injection (0.69 ± 0.08 pg/mL vs. 1.11 ± 0.09 pg/mL, P = 0.024). Skeletal muscles of these mice exhibit glycogen storage disorder characterized by increased glycogen accumulation. The glycogen storage disorder in vdr-/- muscles is driven by increased glycogen synthase activity and decreased glycogen phosphorylase activity. Increased glycogenin expression supports higher levels of glycogen synthesis in these muscles. CONCLUSIONS The results presented show that lack of vitamin D signalling leads to a glycogen storage defect in the skeletal muscles, which leads to muscle energy deprivation. The inability of vdr-/- skeletal muscles to use glycogen leads to systemic defects in glucose homeostasis, which in turn leads to proteostasis defects in skeletal muscles and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamica Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchitra D Gopinath
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Noncoding RNAs-associated ceRNA networks involved in the amelioration of skeletal muscle aging after whey protein supplementation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kang MJ, Moon JW, Lee JO, Kim JH, Jung EJ, Kim SJ, Oh JY, Wu SW, Lee PR, Park SH, Kim HS. Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:605-620. [PMID: 34725961 PMCID: PMC8818615 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe condition that involves loss of muscle mass and quality. Drug intake can also cause muscle atrophy. Biguanide metformin is the first-line and most widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism of metformin in muscle is unclear. METHODS Myostatin expression was investigated at the protein and transcript levels after metformin administration. To investigate the pathways associated with myostatin signalling, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, primary culture, and confocal microscopy. Serum analysis, physical performance, and immunohistochemistry were performed using our in vivo model. RESULTS Metformin induced the expression of myostatin, a key molecule that regulates muscle volume and triggers the phosphorylation of AMPK. AMPK alpha2 knockdown in the background of metformin treatment reduced the myostatin expression of C2C12 myotubes (-49.86 ± 12.03%, P < 0.01) and resulted in increased myotube diameter compared with metformin (+46.62 ± 0.88%, P < 0.001). Metformin induced the interaction between AMPK and FoxO3a, a key transcription factor of myostatin. Metformin also altered the histone deacetylase activity in muscle cells (>3.12-fold ± 0.13, P < 0.001). The interaction between HDAC6 and FoxO3a induced after metformin treatment. Confocal microscopy revealed that metformin increased the nuclear localization of FoxO3a (>3.3-fold, P < 0.001). Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that metformin induced the binding of FoxO3a to the myostatin promoter. The transcript-level expression of myostatin was higher in the gastrocnemius (GC) muscles of metformin-treated wild-type (WT) (+68.9 ± 10.01%, P < 0.001) and db/db mice (+55.84 ± 6.62%, P < 0.001) than that in the GC of controls (n = 4 per group). Average fibre cross-sectional area data also showed that the metformin-treated C57BL/6J (WT) (-31.74 ± 0.75%, P < 0.001) and C57BLKS/J-db/db (-18.11 ± 0.94%, P < 0.001) mice had decreased fibre size of GC compared to the controls. The serum myoglobin level was significantly decreased in metformin-treated WT mice (-66.6 ± 9.03%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that metformin treatment impairs muscle function through the regulation of myostatin in skeletal muscle cells via AMPK-FoxO3a-HDAC6 axis. The muscle-wasting effect of metformin is more evident in WT than in db/db mice, indicating that more complicated mechanisms may be involved in metformin-mediated muscular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pu Reum Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Neuromuscular Function and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030364. [PMID: 35159176 PMCID: PMC8834056 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that leads to impaired body movement. It not only severely diminishes the quality of life of the patients, but also subjects them to increased risk of secondary medical conditions such as fall-induced injuries and various chronic diseases. However, no effective treatment is currently available to prevent or reverse the disease progression. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as a potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Their expression levels are altered in the patients and molecular mechanisms underlying the association between PRMTs and the diseases are being investigated. PRMTs have been shown to regulate development, homeostasis, and regeneration of both muscle and neurons, and their association to NMDs are emerging as well. Through inhibition of PRMT activities, a few studies have reported suppression of cytotoxic phenotypes observed in NMDs. Here, we review our current understanding of PRMTs’ involvement in the pathophysiology of NMDs and potential therapeutic strategies targeting PRMTs to address the unmet medical need.
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Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana fauriei Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3645431. [PMID: 35069972 PMCID: PMC8769843 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3645431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as wasting or loss of muscle. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, their long-term or high-dose use induces skeletal muscle atrophy. Valeriana fauriei (VF) is used to treat restlessness, anxiety, and sleep disorders; however, its effects on skeletal muscle health have not been investigated. This study investigated whether Valeriana fauriei could ameliorate muscle atrophy. We induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo, by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC. In DEX-induced myotube atrophy, Valeriana fauriei treatment increased the fusion index and decreased the expression of muscle atrophic genes such as muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx/Atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1). In DEX-treated mice with muscle atrophy, Valeriana fauriei supplementation increased the ability to exercise, muscle weight, and cross-sectional area, whereas it inhibited myosin heavy chain isoform transition and the expression of muscle atrophy biomarkers. Valeriana fauriei treatment led to via the downregulation of muscle atrophic genes via inhibition of GC receptor translocation. Valeriana fauriei was also found to act as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Didrovaltrate (DI), an iridoid compound from Valeriana fauriei, was found to downregulate atrophic genes and decrease ROS in the DEX-induced myotube atrophy. Consolidated, our results indicate that Valeriana fauriei prevents DEX-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting GC receptor translocation. Further, Valeriana fauriei acts as a ROS scavenger, and its functional compound is didrovaltrate. We suggest that Valeriana fauriei and its functional compound didrovaltrate possess therapeutic potentials against muscle atrophy.
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Zhou Q, Kerbl-Knapp J, Zhang F, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Akhmetshina A, Hörl G, Paar M, Steyrer E, Kratky D, Madl T. Metabolomic Profiles of Mouse Tissues Reveal an Interplay between Aging and Energy Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 35050139 PMCID: PMC8779655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism, including alterations in energy intake and expenditure, is closely related to aging and longevity. Metabolomics studies have recently unraveled changes in metabolite composition in plasma and tissues during aging and have provided critical information to elucidate the molecular basis of the aging process. However, the metabolic changes in tissues responsible for food intake and lipid storage have remained unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate aging-related metabolic alterations in these tissues. To fill this gap, we employed NMR-based metabolomics in several tissues, including different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and brown/white adipose tissues (BAT, WAT), of young (9-10 weeks) and old (96-104 weeks) wild-type (mixed genetic background of 129/J and C57BL/6) mice. We, further, included plasma and skeletal muscle of the same mice to verify previous results. Strikingly, we found that duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and WAT do not metabolically age. In contrast, plasma, skeletal muscle, and BAT show a strong metabolic aging phenotype. Overall, we provide first insights into the metabolic changes of tissues essential for nutrient uptake and lipid storage and have identified biomarkers for metabolites that could be further explored, to study the molecular mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Zhou
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Q.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (F.Z.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (D.K.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Jeon SH, Choung SY. Oyster Hydrolysates Attenuate Muscle Atrophy via Regulating Protein Turnover and Mitochondria Biogenesis in C2C12 Cell and Immobilized Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4385. [PMID: 34959937 PMCID: PMC8703783 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, also known as skeletal muscle atrophy, is characterized by significant loss of muscle mass and strength. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates have anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation properties. However, the anti-sarcopenic effect of oyster hydrolysates remains uninvestigated. Therefore, we prepared two different oyster hydrolysates, namely TGPN and PNY. This study aimed to determine the anti-muscle atrophy efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TGPN and PNY on both C2C12 cell lines and mice. In vitro, the TGPN and PNY recovered the dexamethasone-induced reduction in the myotube diameters. In vivo, TGPN and PNY administration not only improved grip strength and exercise endurance, but also attenuated the loss of muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Mechanistically, TGPN and PNY increased the expression of protein synthesis-related protein levels via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway, and reduced the expression of protein degradation-related protein levels via the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O pathway. Also, TGPN and PNY stimulated NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1(SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1,2, mitochondrial transcription factor A, along with mitochondrial DNA content via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. These findings suggest oyster hydrolysates could be used as a valuable natural material that inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating protein turnover and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Zhao Y, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Zhu X, Dong X, Shen L, Zhang S, Niu L, Chen L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Chen D, Zhu L. l-Arginine Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Activating SIRT1-AKT-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in C2C12 Myotube Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121957. [PMID: 34943060 PMCID: PMC8750292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine (l-Arg) has been reported to possess a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptosis. However, the role of l-Arg in LPS-induced muscle injury and its potential protective mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of l-Arg on the LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in differentiated C2C12 myotube cells. Our results demonstrated that myotube cells treated with 0.2 mg/mL LPS significantly decreased cell viability. l-Arg treatment significantly suppressed LPS induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, l-Arg improved antioxidant-related enzymes’ activities; increased antioxidant ability via Akt-Nrf2 signaling pathway; maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and enhanced FOXO3a expression, leading to a decrease in the mitochondrial-associated apoptotic proteins. In addition, l-Arg exposure dramatically increased the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1. The cytoprotective effect of l-Arg was restricted by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, which led to an increase in ROS level, apoptosis rate, and decreased cell MMP. The results also demonstrated that EX527 treatment significantly eliminated the effect of l-Arg on LPS-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. Our findings revealed that l-Arg could be used as a potential nutraceutical in reducing muscle injury via regulating SIRT1-Akt-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a-mitochondria apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xia Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (L.Z.)
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Fröhlich A, Diek M, Denecke C, von Haehling S, Hadzibegovic S, Anker MS. JCSM: growing together with cachexia and sarcopenia research. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1359-1367. [PMID: 34969163 PMCID: PMC8718022 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Kathrin Fröhlich
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Monika Diek
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Corinna Denecke
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Sara Hadzibegovic
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)BerlinGermany
| | - Markus S. Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)BerlinGermany
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Petrelli M. Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty: disease implications for geriatric DM patients. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha regulates myogenesis to inhibit differentiation and promote proliferation in satellite cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:35-40. [PMID: 34619550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α and NF-κB signaling is involved in the wasting of skeletal muscle in various conditions, in addition to cancer cachexia. TNF-α and NF-κB signaling promotes the expression level of muscle RING finger protein 1, a ubiquitin ligase, causing muscle degradation. Several studies have indicated that of TNF-α and NF-κB signaling suppresses muscle differentiation by reducing the levels of MyoD protein. On the other hand, TNF-α and NF-κB is required for myoblast proliferation. Thus, the role of TNF-α and NF-κB signaling in the process of myogenesis and regeneration of skeletal muscle is not completely elucidated. Here, we reported that TNF-α reduced the width of single fibers of skeletal muscle in an organ culture model. TNF-α and p65 repressed the transactivation of MyoD and suppressed myoblast differentiation. In addition, TNF-α increased the number of satellite cells, and NF-κB signaling was promoted at the proliferation stage during skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo. TNF-α and NF-κB signaling regulate myogenesis to inhibit differentiation and promote proliferation in satellite cells.
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Oh S, Choi CH, Lee BJ, Park JH, Son KH, Byun K. Fermented Oyster Extract Attenuated Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237128. [PMID: 34885708 PMCID: PMC8658907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress induces muscle atrophy, which decreases with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Fermented oyster extracts (FO), rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate, have shown antioxidative effects. We evaluated whether FO decreased oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and whether it decreased NF-κB, leading to decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. Decreased oxidative stress led to the downregulation of Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase, which increased IGF-1 and decreased FoxO3, atrogin1, and Murf1, and eventually decreased muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy animal model. For four weeks, mice were orally administered with FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate, and then Dexa was subcutaneously injected for ten days. During Dexa injection period, FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate were also administered, and grip strength test and muscle harvesting were performed on the day of the last Dexa injection. We compared the attenuation effect of FO with GABA, lactate, and GABA+lactate treatment. Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; SOD activity and glutathione levels were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; NADPH oxidase activity was increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α activities were increased by Dexa were decreased by FO; Cbl-b expression was increased by Dexa but restored by FO; IGF-1 expression was decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; FoxO3, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO. The gastrocnemius thickness and weight were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. In conclusion, FO decreased Dexa-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1. Decreased oxidative stress led to decreased Cbl-b, FoxO3, atrogin1, and MuRF1, which attenuated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Korea; (B.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Joung-Hyun Park
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Korea; (B.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Kuk-Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.-H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.-H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Restorative potential of (-)-epicatechin in a rat model of Gulf War illness muscle atrophy and fatigue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21861. [PMID: 34750405 PMCID: PMC8575952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined in a rat model of Gulf War illness (GWI), the potential of (-)-epicatechin (Epi) to reverse skeletal muscle (SkM) atrophy and dysfunction, decrease mediators of inflammation and normalize metabolic perturbations. Male Wistar rats (n = 15) were provided orally with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) 1.3 mg/kg/day, permethrin (PM) 0.13 mg/kg/day (skin), DEET 40 mg/kg/day (skin) and were physically restrained for 5 min/day for 3 weeks. A one-week period ensued to fully develop the GWI-like profile followed by 2 weeks of either Epi treatment at 1 mg/kg/day by gavage (n = 8) or water (n = 7) for controls. A normal, control group (n = 15) was given vehicle and not restrained. At 6 weeks, animals were subjected to treadmill and limb strength testing followed by euthanasia. SkM and blood sampling was used for histological, biochemical and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine and metabolomics assessments. GWI animals developed an intoxication profile characterized SkM atrophy and loss of function accompanied by increases in modulators of muscle atrophy, degradation markers and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Treatment of GWI animals with Epi yielded either a significant partial or full normalization of the above stated indicators relative to normal controls. Plasma metabolomics revealed that metabolites linked to inflammation and SkM waste pathways were dysregulated in the GWI group whereas Epi, attenuated such changes. In conclusion, in a rat model of GWI, Epi partially reverses detrimental changes in SkM structure including modulators of atrophy, inflammation and select plasma metabolites yielding improved function.
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Baek KW, Jung YK, Park JS, Kim JS, Hah YS, Kim SJ, Yoo JI. Two Types of Mouse Models for Sarcopenia Research: Senescence Acceleration and Genetic Modification Models. J Bone Metab 2021; 28:179-191. [PMID: 34520651 PMCID: PMC8441530 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2021.28.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia leads to loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength due to aging; it was recently given a disease code (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, M62.84). As a result, in recent years, sarcopenia-related research has increased. In addition, various studies seeking to prevent and treat sarcopenia by identifying the various mechanisms related to the reduction of skeletal muscle properties have been conducted. Previous studies have identified muscle synthesis and breakdown; investigating them has generated evidence for preventing and treating sarcopenia. Mouse models are still the most useful ones for determining mechanisms underlying sarcopenia through correlations and interventions involving specific genes and their phenotypes. Mouse models used to study sarcopenia often induce muscle atrophy by hindlimb unloading, denervation, or immobilization. Though it is less frequently used, the senescence-accelerated mouse can also be useful for sarcopenia research. Herein, we discuss cases where senescence-accelerated and genetically engineered mouse models were used in sarcopenia research and different perspectives to use them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Youn-Kwan Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - So-Jeong Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Cannataro R, Carbone L, Petro JL, Cione E, Vargas S, Angulo H, Forero DA, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Sarcopenia: Etiology, Nutritional Approaches, and miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9724. [PMID: 34575884 PMCID: PMC8466275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is mainly focused on the amount and quality of protein intake. The impact of several nutrition strategies that consider timing of food intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, metabolic control, and the role of mitochondrial function on the progression of sarcopenia is not fully understood. This narrative review summarizes the metabolic background of this phenomenon and proposes an integral nutritional approach (including dietary supplements such as creatine monohydrate) to target potential molecular pathways that may affect reduce or ameliorate the adverse effects of sarcopenia. Lastly, miRNAs, in particular those produced by skeletal muscle (MyomiR), might represent a valid tool to evaluate sarcopenia progression as a potential rapid and early biomarker for diagnosis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salvador, Buenos Aires 1020, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Heidy Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación Programa de Medicina (GINUMED), Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Extract Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Downregulation of the CREB-KLF15 and Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092283. [PMID: 34571935 PMCID: PMC8469055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Many patients with type 1 diabetes experience skeletal muscle wasting. Although the link between type 1 diabetes and muscle wasting is not clearly known, insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia may contribute to decreased muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the ethanolic extract of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SFe) on muscle wasting in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-diabetic C57BL/6 mice (blood glucose level ≥300 mg/dL) were orally administered SFe (250 or 500 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. We observed that SFe administration did not change blood glucose levels but increased gastrocnemius muscle weight, cross-sectional area, and grip strength in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Administration of SFe (500 mg/kg) decreased the expression of atrophic factors, such as MuRF1 and atrogin-1, but did not alter the expression of muscle synthetic factors. Further studies showed that SFe administration decreased the expression of KLF15 and p-CREB, which are upstream molecules of atrophic factors. Examination of the expression of molecules involved in autophagy–lysosomal pathways (e.g., p62/SQSTM1, Atg7, Beclin-1, ULK-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II) revealed that SFe administration significantly decreased the expression of p62/SQSTM1, LC3-I, and LC3-II; however, no changes were observed in the expression of Atg7, Beclin-1, or ULK-1. Our results suggest that SFe ameliorated muscle wasting in STZ-induced diabetic mice by decreasing protein degradation via downregulation of the CREB-KLF15-mediated UPS system and the p62/SQSTM1-mediated autophagy–lysosomal pathway.
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Tsukamoto T, Tsujii M, Odake K, Iino T, Nakamura T, Matsumine A, Sudo A. Febuxostat reduces muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice with LM8 osteosarcoma cells via inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:810-820. [PMID: 34278932 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1947502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cachexic condition due to malignant tumors has been a challenging problem. The aim of this study is to analyze effects of febuxostat on both in vitro and in vivo models of the wasting of skeletal muscles, due to LM8 osteosarcoma cells. C2C12 myotubes were incubated in the conditioned medium of LM8. Febuxostat was added at a concentration of 3 µM and 30 µM, and ROS, diameter of myotubes, and expression of atrogin-1 were analyzed. Furthermore, an in vivo study was performed by subcutaneous injection of LM8 on C3H mice. Febuxostat was administered in the drinking water at 5 µg/ml, and 25 µg/ml. In addition, tumor-bearing mice without febuxostat (group TB) and control mice (group C) were established. At 4 weeks, body weight, wet weights of the gastrocnemius muscles, XO activity, 8-OHdG, and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated. ROS generation, atrophy of myotubes, and upregulation of atrogin-1 were clearly observed in C2C12 myotubes following incubation in the conditioned medium. These pathological conditions were significantly inhibited by febuxostat administration. Furthermore, mice in group TB showed significant loss of body weight and muscle weight in which XO activity, 8-OHdG, and expression of IL-6 were significantly increased compared to those in group C. Febuxostat administration not only significantly improved the body weight and muscleweight, but also reduced markers of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Febuxostat did not show anti-tumor effects. Febuxostat, which is clinically used for treatment of hyperuricemia, is effective against the wasting of the skeletal muscles induced by LM8 osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Odake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Science, Eiheiji-Cho, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie university Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Park SH, Kim DS, Oh J, Geum JH, Kim JE, Choi SY, Kim JH, Cho JY. Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Mice by Targeting Protein Catalytic Pathways, Myogenesis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1493-1514. [PMID: 34247561 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy, or loss of skeletal muscle, is caused by aging, malnutrition, immobility through injury, or diseases such as cancer. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) contains various active components, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, polyacetylenes, and coumarins, and is used in various herbal medicines in the European Pharmacopoeia. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of chamomile [Formula: see text](MC) on muscle wasting and its mechanism of action. Mice with dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy were orally administered MC (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that MC (200 and 300 mg/kg) significantly recovered DEX-induced loss of muscle volume, density, and weight and MC-treated DEX-induced mice also showed increased moving distance and grip strength. MC suppressed the mRNA level of muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) while increasing the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), MyoD, and Myogenin-1. We found 25 peaks in MC samples through HPLC analysis and identified 6 peaks by comparison with a profile of standard compounds: chlorogenic acid (CGA), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (L7G), patulitrin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside (A7G), herniarin, and (E)-tonghaosu. Of these components, the gene expression of MyoD was significantly augmented by patulitrin, herniarin, CGA, and L7G in C2C12 cells, while Myogenin-1 gene expression was increased by A7G, patulitrin, herniarin, CGA, and L7G. Moreover, TFAM gene expression and phosphorylation of AKT were increased by all six ingredients. Based on our results, we suggest MC for use as a supplement or remedy for muscle wasting, including cachexia and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Coxmax NBT, Inc., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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81
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A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071941. [PMID: 34209794 PMCID: PMC8300232 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spore-forming probiotics are widely used in the poultry industry for their beneficial impact on host health. The main feature that separates spore-forming probiotics from the more common lactic acid probiotics is their high resistance to external and internal factors, resulting in higher viability in the host and correspondingly, greater efficiency. Their most important effect is the ability to confront pathogens, which makes them a perfect substitute for antibiotics. In this review, we cover and discuss the interactions of spore-forming probiotic bacteria with poultry as the host, their health promotion effects and mechanisms of action, impact on poultry productivity parameters, and ways to manufacture the probiotic formulation. The key focus of this review is the lack of reproducibility in poultry research studies on the evaluation of probiotics’ effects, which should be solved by developing and publishing a set of standard protocols in the professional community for conducting probiotic trials in poultry. Abstract One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing.
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim SW, Lee SH, Jung DW, Williams DR. Investigation of niclosamide as a repurposing agent for skeletal muscle atrophy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252135. [PMID: 34038481 PMCID: PMC8153455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a feature of aging (termed sarcopenia) and various diseases, such as cancer and kidney failure. Effective drug treatment options for muscle atrophy are lacking. The tapeworm medication, niclosamide is being assessed for repurposing to treat numerous diseases, including end-stage cancer metastasis and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of niclosamide as a repurposing drug for muscle atrophy. In a myotube atrophy model using the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, niclosamide did not prevent the reduction in myotube diameter or the decreased expression of phosphorylated FOXO3a, which upregulates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of muscle catabolism. Treatment of normal myotubes with niclosamide did not activate mTOR, a major regulator of muscle protein synthesis, and increased the expression of atrogin-1, which is induced in catabolic states. Niclosamide treatment also inhibited myogenesis in muscle precursor cells, enhanced the expression of myoblast markers Pax7 and Myf5, and downregulated the expression of differentiation markers MyoD, MyoG and Myh2. In an animal model of muscle atrophy, niclosamide did not improve muscle mass, grip strength or muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Muscle atrophy is also feature of cancer cachexia. IC50 analyses indicated that niclosamide was more cytotoxic for myoblasts than cancer cells. In addition, niclosamide did not suppress the induction of iNOS, a key mediator of atrophy, in an in vitro model of cancer cachexia and did not rescue myotube diameter. Overall, these results suggest that niclosamide may not be a suitable repurposing drug for glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy or cancer cachexia. Nevertheless, niclosamide may be employed as a compound to study mechanisms regulating myogenesis and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
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Farini A, Sitzia C, Villa C, Cassani B, Tripodi L, Legato M, Belicchi M, Bella P, Lonati C, Gatti S, Cerletti M, Torrente Y. Defective dystrophic thymus determines degenerative changes in skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2099. [PMID: 33833239 PMCID: PMC8032677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), sarcolemma fragility and myofiber necrosis produce cellular debris that attract inflammatory cells. Macrophages and T-lymphocytes infiltrate muscles in response to damage-associated molecular pattern signalling and the release of TNF-α, TGF-β and interleukins prevent skeletal muscle improvement from the inflammation. This immunological scenario was extended by the discovery of a specific response to muscle antigens and a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in muscle regeneration. Normally, autoimmunity is avoided by autoreactive T-lymphocyte deletion within thymus, while in the periphery Tregs monitor effector T-cells escaping from central regulatory control. Here, we report impairment of thymus architecture of mdx mice together with decreased expression of ghrelin, autophagy dysfunction and AIRE down-regulation. Transplantation of dystrophic thymus in recipient nude mice determine the up-regulation of inflammatory/fibrotic markers, marked metabolic breakdown that leads to muscle atrophy and loss of force. These results indicate that involution of dystrophic thymus exacerbates muscular dystrophy by altering central immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas clinical and research center, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella Legato
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cerletti
- UCL Research Department for Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.
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84
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Singh A, Phogat J, Yadav A, Dabur R. The dependency of autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system during skeletal muscle atrophy. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:203-219. [PMID: 33927785 PMCID: PMC8046863 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the four proteolytic systems in the cell, autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the main proteolytic events that allow for the removal of cell debris and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have revealed that these systems perform their functions independently of each other. However, recent studies indicate the existence of regulatory interactions between these proteolytic systems via ubiquitinated tags and a reciprocal regulation mechanism with several crosstalk points. UPS plays an important role in the elimination of short-lived/soluble misfolded proteins, whereas autophagy eliminates defective organelles and persistent insoluble protein aggregates. Both of these systems seem to act independently; however, disruption of one pathway affects the activity of the other pathway and contributes to different pathological conditions. This review summarizes the recent findings on direct and indirect dependencies of autophagy and UPS and their execution at the molecular level along with the important drug targets in skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jatin Phogat
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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85
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Targeting the Activin Receptor Signaling to Counteract the Multi-Systemic Complications of Cancer and Its Treatments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030516. [PMID: 33671024 PMCID: PMC7997313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, i.e., cachexia, frequently occurs in cancer and associates with poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatments have also been shown to contribute to sustainment or exacerbation of cachexia, thus affecting quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients. Pre-clinical studies have shown that blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) or its ligands and their downstream signaling can preserve muscle mass in rodents bearing experimental cancers, as well as in chemotherapy-treated animals. In tumor-bearing mice, the prevention of skeletal and respiratory muscle wasting was also associated with improved survival. However, the definitive proof that improved survival directly results from muscle preservation following blockade of ACVR2 signaling is still lacking, especially considering that concurrent beneficial effects in organs other than skeletal muscle have also been described in the presence of cancer or following chemotherapy treatments paired with counteraction of ACVR2 signaling. Hence, here, we aim to provide an up-to-date literature review on the multifaceted anti-cachectic effects of ACVR2 blockade in preclinical models of cancer, as well as in combination with anticancer treatments.
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86
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Shen J, Hao Z, Wang J, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Ke N, Song Y, Lu Y, Hu L, Qiao L, Wu X, Luo Y. Comparative Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Longissimus dorsi Muscle Tissues From Two Goat Breeds With Different Meat Production Performance Using RNA-Seq. Front Genet 2021; 11:619399. [PMID: 33519920 PMCID: PMC7838615 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.619399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcass weight, meat quality and muscle components are important traits economically and they underpin most of the commercial return to goat producers. In this study, the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues were collected from five Liaoning cashmere (LC) goats and five Ziwuling black (ZB) goats with phenotypic difference in carcass weight, some meat quality traits and muscle components. The histological quantitative of collagen fibers and the transcriptome profiles in the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues were investigated using Masson-trichrome staining and RNA-Seq, respectively. The percentage of total collagen fibers in the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues from ZB goats was less than those from LC goats, suggesting that these ZB goats had more tender meat. An average of 15,919 and 15,582 genes were found to be expressed in Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues from LC and ZB goats, respectively. Compared to LC goats, the expression levels of 78 genes were up-regulated in ZB goats, while 133 genes were down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in GO terms related to the muscle growth and development and the deposition of intramuscular fat and lipid metabolism, hippo signaling pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. The results provide an improved understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating meat production performance in goats, and will help us improve the accuracy of selection for meat traits in goats using marker-assisted selection based on these differentially expressed genes obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Ke
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yize Song
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyan Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lirong Qiao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Wu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Development and progression of cancer cachexia: Perspectives from bench to bedside. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:177-185. [PMID: 34447946 PMCID: PMC8386816 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating syndrome characterized by weight loss, reduced fat mass and muscle mass that affects approximately 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%–30% of cancer-associated deaths. Understanding underlying mechanisms for the development of CC are crucial to advance therapies to treat CC and improve cancer outcomes. CC is a multi-organ syndrome that results in extensive skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting; however, CC can impair other organs such as the liver, heart, brain, and bone as well. A considerable amount of CC research focuses on changes that occur within the muscle, but cancer-related impairments in other organ systems are understudied. Furthermore, metabolic changes in organ systems other than muscle may contribute to CC. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address degenerative mechanisms which occur during CC from a whole-body perspective. Outlining the information known about metabolic changes that occur in response to cancer is necessary to develop and enhance therapies to treat CC. As much of the current evidences in CC are from pre-clinical models we should note the majority of the data reviewed here are from pre-clinical models.
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88
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Xiao Y, Wang C, Sun Y, Zhang X, Cui L, Yu J, Zheng H. Quantitative Estimation of Passive Elastic Properties of Individual Skeletal Muscle in Vivo Using Normalized Elastic Modulus-Length Curve. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3371-3379. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2985724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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89
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Kim C, Hwang JK. Flavonoids: nutraceutical potential for counteracting muscle atrophy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1619-1640. [PMID: 33282430 PMCID: PMC7708614 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the conversion of chemical energy into physical force. Muscle atrophy, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, is a symptom of chronic disease (cachexia), aging (sarcopenia), and muscle disuse (inactivity). To date, several trials have been conducted to prevent and inhibit muscle atrophy development; however, few interventions are currently available for muscle atrophy. Recently, food ingredients, plant extracts, and phytochemicals have received attention as treatment sources to prevent muscle wasting. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds found in foods and plants. They possess diverse biological activities, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The effects of flavonoids on muscle atrophy have been investigated by monitoring molecular mechanisms involved in protein turnover, mitochondrial activity, and myogenesis. This review summarizes the reported effects of flavonoids on sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy, thus, providing an insight into the understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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90
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Anker MS, Springer J, Coats AJ, von Haehling S. The 10th year of the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1390-1395. [PMID: 33340288 PMCID: PMC7749579 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Js Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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91
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Soluble Whey Protein Hydrolysate Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy Induced by Immobilization via Regulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113362. [PMID: 33139592 PMCID: PMC7692342 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is prevalent in older people and associated with functional decline and mortality. Protein supplementation is necessary to maintain skeletal muscle mass and whey protein hydrolysates have the best nutrient quality among food proteins. In the first study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to immobilization for 1 week to induce muscle atrophy. Then, mice were administered with four different whey protein hydrolysates for 2 weeks with continuous immobilization. Among them, soluble whey protein hydrolysate (WP-S) had the greatest increase in grip strength, muscle weight, and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber than other whey protein hydrolysates. To investigate the molecular mechanism, we conducted another experiment with the same experimental design. WP-S significantly promoted the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and inhibited the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway. In addition, it increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in both the soleus and quadriceps and changed MyHC isoform expressions. In conclusion, WP-S attenuated muscle atrophy induced by immobilization by enhancing the net protein content regulating muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Thus, it is a necessary and probable candidate for developing functional food to prevent sarcopenia.
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92
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Henkelmann R, Palke L, Schneider S, Müller D, Karich B, Mende M, Josten C, Böhme J. Impact of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation therapy on the clinical outcomes after fixation of lower limb fractures: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 35:356-366. [PMID: 33106057 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520966857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation with those of standard rehabilitation on surgically treated ankle and tibial plateau fractures. DESIGN Open-label prospective randomized multicenter study. SETTING Three level 1 trauma centers. SUBJECTS Patients with tibial plateau or ankle fractures who underwent postoperative partial weight-bearing were randomized into the intervention (anti-gravity treadmill use) or control (standard rehabilitation protocol) groups. MAIN MEASURES The primary endpoint was the change in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for ankle fractures and total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for tibial plateau fractures (0-100 points) from baseline (T1) to six weeks after operation (T4) in both groups. Leg circumference of both legs was measured to assess thigh muscle atrophy in the operated leg. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients constituted the intervention and 36 the control group, respectively; 14 patients dropped out during the follow-up period. Among the 59 remaining patients (mean age 42 [range, 19-65] years), no difference was noted in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (54.2 ± 16.1 vs. 56.0 ± 16.6) or Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (52.8 ± 18.3 vs 47.6 ± 17.7) between the intervention and control groups 6 weeks after operation. The change in the leg circumference from T1 to T4 was greater by 4.6 cm in the intervention group (95% confidence interval: 1.2-8.0, P = 0.005). No adverse event associated with anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation was observed. CONCLUSION No significant difference was noted in patient-reported outcomes between the two groups. Significant differences in muscular atrophy of the thigh were observed six weeks after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkelmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Palke
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schneider
- Clinic of Trauma, Orthopedic and Septic Surgery, Hospital St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Müller
- Ambulantes Reha Centrum Leipzig GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Karich
- Department of Trauma and Physical Medicine, Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Zwickau, Germany
| | - Meinhard Mende
- Coordinating Centre for Clinical Trials and Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Böhme
- Clinic of Trauma, Orthopedic and Septic Surgery, Hospital St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
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93
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Russell SJ, Schneider MF. Alternative signaling pathways from IGF1 or insulin to AKT activation and FOXO1 nuclear efflux in adult skeletal muscle fibers. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15292-15306. [PMID: 32868454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is regulated by the balance between protein degradation and synthesis. FOXO1, a transcription factor, helps to determine this balance by activating pro-atrophic gene transcription when present in muscle fiber nuclei. Foxo1 nuclear efflux is promoted by AKT-mediated Foxo1 phosphorylation, eliminating FOXO1's atrophy-promoting effect. AKT activation can be promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) or insulin via a pathway including IGF1 or insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and AKT. We used confocal fluorescence time-lapse imaging of FOXO1-GFP in adult isolated living muscle fibers maintained in culture to explore the effects of IGF1 and insulin on FOXO1-GFP nuclear efflux with and without pharmacological inhibitors. We observed that although AKT inhibitor blocks the IGF1- or insulin-induced effect on FOXO1 nuclear efflux, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, which we show to be effective in these fibers, do not. We also found that inhibition of the protein kinase ACK1 or ATM contributes to the suppression of FOXO1 nuclear efflux after IGF1. These results indicate a novel pathway that has been unexplored in the IGF1- or insulin-induced regulation of FOXO1 and present information useful both for therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy and for further investigative areas into insulin insensitivity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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94
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Chung SW, Kim JY, Yoon JP, Suh DW, Yeo WJ, Lee YS. Atrogin1-induced loss of aquaporin 4 in myocytes leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14189. [PMID: 32843684 PMCID: PMC7447774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) regulates the flux of water across the cell membrane, maintaining cellular homeostasis. Since AQP4 is enriched in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle, a functional defect in AQP4 may cause skeletal muscle dysfunction. To investigate a novel mechanism underlying skeletal muscle atrophy, we examined AQP4 expression and its regulation in muscle using the rotator cuff tear (RCT) model. Human and mouse AQP4 expression was significantly decreased in atrophied muscle resulting from RCT. The size and the number of myotubes were reduced following AQP4 knockdown. Atrogin 1-mediated ubiquitination of AQP4 was verified with an ubiquitination assay after immunoprecipitation of AQP4 with an anti-AQP4 antibody. In this study, we identified high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a potent upstream regulator of atrogin 1 expression. Atrogin 1 expression was increased by recombinant mouse HMGB1 protein, and the HMGB1-induced atrogin 1 expression was mediated via NF-κB signaling. Our study suggests that loss of AQP4 appears to be involved in myocyte shrinkage after RCT, and its degradation is mediated by atrogin 1-dependent ubiquitination. HMGB1, in its function as a signaling molecule upstream of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin 1, was found to be a novel regulator of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yeon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Suh
- Joint Center, Barunsesang Hospital, #75-5, Yatap-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Yeo
- Joint Center, Barunsesang Hospital, #75-5, Yatap-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Joint Center, Barunsesang Hospital, #75-5, Yatap-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497, Republic of Korea.
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95
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Yuan L, Li L, Yu T, Yang Z, Jiang T, Ma Q, Qi J, Shi Y, Zhao P. The correlational study about neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and exercise tolerance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21550. [PMID: 32872002 PMCID: PMC7437780 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and exercise tolerance of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).235 patients with COPD were selected as the study subjects. Complete blood count, C reactive protein (CRP), pulmonary function tests, the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Modified Medical Respiratory Council, the COPD assessment test, and clinical COPD questionnaire were tested. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and Borg scale were tested before or after 6MWD test.By the median of NLR, the subjects were divided into 2 groups, NLR ≥4.5 group and NLR <4.5 group. The white blood cell count (WBC), CRP and deoxygenation saturation in the NLR ≥4.5 group were higher than those in the NLR <4.5 group, while the age, body mass index (BMI), 6MWD, and heart rate variation were lower than those in the NLR <4.5 group. CRP, WBC, and deoxygenation saturation had positive effects on NLR, BMI, 6MWT, and heart rate variation had negative effects on NLR. The Pearson correlation analysis showed NLR was positively correlated with WBC, CRP, BMI index, 6MWT, and deoxygenation saturation, while it was negatively correlated with BMI and heart rate variation.NLR might associate with exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory reserve of COPD patients, and could be used as an indicator of muscle function in COPD patients.
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96
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Vesentini G, Barbosa AMP, Floriano JF, Felisbino SL, Costa SMB, Piculo F, Marini G, Nunes SK, Reyes DRA, Marcondes JPC, Hallur RLS, Rozza AL, Magalhães CG, Costa R, Abbade JF, Corrente JE, Calderon IMP, Matheus SMM, Rudge MVC. Deleterious effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the characteristics of the rectus abdominis muscle associated with pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108315. [PMID: 32679058 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the structural characteristics of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) and its indirect effects on pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI). METHODS A total of 92 pregnant women were divided into four groups, according to their clinical conditions: non-GDM continent, non-GDM associated PSUI, GDM continent and GDM associated PSUI. The muscle morphometry (histochemistry and immunohistochemistry) for the fiber types and collagen fiber distribution, the ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy), the protein expression of fiber types and calcium signaling (Western blotting), and the content of types I and III collagen fiber (ELISA) in RAM collected at delivery were assessed. RESULTS The GDM groups presented a significantly increased number of slow fibers and slow-twitch oxidative fiber expression; decreased fiber area, number of fast fibers, and area of collagen; an increase in central nuclei; ultrastructural alterations with focal lesion areas such as myeloid structures, sarcomere disorganization, and mitochondrial alteration. The PSUI groups presented a considerable decrease in types I and III collagen contents and the localization of collagen fiber. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that GDM causes morphological, biochemical and physiological changes in the RAM, and this might predispose women to PSUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Vesentini
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica M P Barbosa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Philosophy and Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Marilia, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Floriano
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Sarah M B Costa
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Piculo
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marini
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Sagrado Coração, Department of Health Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sthefanie K Nunes
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David R A Reyes
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P C Marcondes
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raghavendra L S Hallur
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane L Rozza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Cláudia G Magalhães
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Costa
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joelcio F Abbade
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Corrente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Biostatistics Department, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema M P Calderon
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma M M Matheus
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Anatomy, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marilza V C Rudge
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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97
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Liu Y, Perumal E, Bi X, Wang Y, Ding W. Potential mechanisms of uremic muscle wasting and the protective role of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1551-1561. [PMID: 32488756 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many studies report that mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are involved in the development of muscle wasting. However, treatment approaches to protect against muscle wasting are limited. In this study, we investigated the benefits and potential mechanism of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant on uremic-induced muscle wasting. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control group, CKD group, CKD + Mito-TEMPO group, and Mito-TEMPO group. Renal injury was assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and BUN along with PAS and Masson's staining. Bodyweight, gastrocnemius muscle mass, grip strength, and myofiber cross-sectional areas were investigated to evaluate muscle atrophy. Muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis were evaluated by Western blot and real-time PCR. Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA kits. Oxidative stress markers such as SOD2 activity and MDA level in gastrocnemius muscle tissue were measured by colorimetric assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and real-time PCR. ER stress was evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS Impaired renal function was significantly restored by Mito-TEMPO treatment. Severe muscle atrophy was observed in muscle tissues of CKD mice along with increased inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress. However, these effects were significantly attenuated with Mito-TEMPO treatment. CONCLUSIONS Mito-TEMPO improved muscle wasting in CKD mice possibly through alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 639 zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Elangovan Perumal
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 639 zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiao Bi
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 639 zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingdeng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 639 zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 639 zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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98
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Moon JY, Kim DJ, Kim HS. Sulforaphane ameliorates serum starvation-induced muscle atrophy via activation of the Nrf2 pathway in cultured C2C12 cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1831-1839. [PMID: 32401383 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance of redox homeostasis, contributes to the pathogenesis and progress of muscle atrophy. However, it is debated whether oxidative stress is a cause or consequence of muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between menadione-induced oxidative stress and serum starvation-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. We found that atrophic phenotypes including myotube diameter decrease, protein ubiquitination, and the expression of atrogenes were detected under oxidative stress as well as during serum starvation. Oxidative stress during serum starvation was assessed to confirm the correlation. Both intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein oxidation were increased in atrophic myotubes. These results indicate that menadione-induced oxidative stress triggers muscle atrophy and vice versa. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress and it is considered to have a cytoprotective role in the mitigation of muscle atrophy. Transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1, target genes of Nrf2, was decreased during serum starvation, which is related to decreased nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Pre-treatment of sulforaphane (SFN), a known Nrf2 inducer, before serum starvation showed a protective effect via Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation. SFN can liberate Nrf2 from Keap1, enabling the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Consequently, the expression of HO-1 increased and intracellular ROS was significantly reduced by SFN pre-treatment. These results demonstrate that oxidative stress mediates the pathophysiology of muscle atrophy, which can be improved via upregulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yun Moon
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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99
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Hariyanto TI, Kurniawan A. Cachexia in Cancer Patients: Systematic Literature Review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Cachexia in cancer patients, especially in advanced stage, is recently known as an emerging problem. Cachexia occurs in about half of all patients with neoplastic disease. The diagnosis of cachexia needs comprehensive evaluation of body weight and body composition for several months. Cachexia will give negative impacts such as increased mortality, chemotoxicity, and decreased quality of life. Here, we review the current evidence describing the definition, stages, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in cancer patients.
Methods We identified 75 studies and/or review articles evaluating cachexia and weight loss in cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases.
Results Cachexia is reported across all stages and types of cancers. The most recent definition of cachexia is reported in a 2011 paper by International Consensus. The mechanism of cachexia in cancer is complex and involved many factors which elaborate together to produce cachexia. The diagnostic evaluation and cut-off measurement of cachexia, especially in cancer varied across studies. The loss of weight that happens during chemotherapy will make a poor prognosis. Cachexia can worsen chemotherapy toxicity. Combination of dietary modification and exercise with supplementation of medication that control appetite and inflammation are important in the management of cachexia in cancer patients.
Conclusion Patients with cancer are the population at risk for developing cachexia before and after chemotherapy. Cachexia diagnosis needs evaluation of body weight and body composition. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as dietary modification and physical exercise, are the best strategy to reduce cachexia in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotius I. Hariyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman Street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Andree Kurniawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman Street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
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100
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Wen C, Li F, Guo Q, Zhang L, Duan Y, Wang W, Li J, He S, Chen W, Yin Y. Protective effects of taurine against muscle damage induced by diquat in 35 days weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32514342 PMCID: PMC7268319 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is a key factor that influences piglets’ health. Taurine plays an imperative role in keeping the biological system from damage. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of taurine against muscle injury due to the secondary effect of diquat toxicity. Results Our study found that taurine effectively and dose-dependently alleviated the diquat toxicity induced rise of feed/gain, with a concurrent improvement of carcass lean percentage. The plasma content of taurine was considerably increased in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, dietary taurine efficiently improved the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, taurine attenuated muscle damage by restoring mitochondrial micromorphology, suppressing protein degradation and reducing the percentage of apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle. Taurine supplementation also suppressed the genes expression levels of the antioxidant-, mitochondrial biogenesis-, and muscle atrophy-related genes in the skeletal muscle of piglets with oxidative stress. Conclusions These results showed that the dose of 0.60% taurine supplementation in the diet could attenuate skeletal muscle injury induced by diquat toxicity. It is suggested that taurine could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to improve growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China
| | - Shanping He
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 Hunan China
| | - Wen Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, 410125 China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125 China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 China
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