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Yuan Y, Jiao B, Qu L, Yang D, Liu R. The development of COVID-19 treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125246. [PMID: 36776881 PMCID: PMC9909293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has become the greatest worldwide public health threat of this century. Recent studies have unraveled numerous mysteries of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and thus largely improved the studies of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic strategies. However, important questions remain regarding its therapy. In this review, the recent research advances on COVID-19 mechanism are quickly summarized. We mainly discuss current therapy strategies for COVID-19, with an emphasis on antiviral agents, neutralizing antibody therapies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. When necessary, specific mechanisms and the history of therapy are present, and representative strategies are described in detail. Finally, we discuss key outstanding questions regarding future directions of the development of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lili Qu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Ruijuan Liu, ; Duomeng Yang,
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Ruijuan Liu, ; Duomeng Yang,
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52
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Dlamini ST, Htet KM, Theint ECC, Mayadilanuari AM, Li WM, Tung YC, Tu HP. Herpes Zoster Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Association with Medications Used. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2123. [PMID: 36767490 PMCID: PMC9915285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was associated with the risk of incident herpes zoster (HZ), which might be influenced by medication use by RA patients. We aimed to investigate the association of RA with the risk of incident HZ and how the HZ risk effected by RA medications in CIC RA patients. We conducted an observational study including population-based representative insurance claims data of 19,673 patients with RA and 39,346 matched patients without RA during 1997-2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database; we identified 1651 patients with catastrophic illness-certified (CIC) RA and 11,557 matched patients with non-CIC RA. Exploratory analyses assessed the association between RA/CIC RA and risk of incident HZ and its complications. The association of prescribed medications with HZ risk in CIC RA patients was also estimated. The incidence rates of HZ were higher in CIC RA patients and non-CIC RA than in the matched people without RA (21.95 and 14.03 vs. 7.36 events per 1000 person-years, respectively). The adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) for HZ was 1.74 (1.65-1.84) in RA patients vs. matched non-RA and 1.65 (1.44-1.89) in CIC RA patients vs. non-CIC RA. For HZ complications, RA had a 2.85-fold higher risk than non-RA, and CIC RA had a 1.78-fold higher risk than non-CIC RA. Moreover, in CIC RA patients, prednisolone use was associated with incident HZ risk compared with prednisolone nonuse (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 1.08-2.03); prolonged prednisolone use (approximately 5 years) increased the risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.16, 1.46-3.19). Our results suggested that RA was positively associated with HZ risk, particularly in RA patients with prednisolone use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyaw Moe Htet
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ei Chue Chue Theint
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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53
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Atluri K, Manne S, Nalamothu V, Mantel A, Sharma PK, Babu RJ. Advances in Current Drugs and Formulations for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:1-87. [PMID: 37585309 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023042979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology. Treatment of AD remains challenging owing to the presence of a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes and limited response to existing therapies. However, recent genetic, immunological, and pathophysiological insights into the disease mechanism resulted in the invention of novel therapeutic drug candidates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current therapies and assesses various novel drug delivery strategies currently under clinical investigation. Further, this review majorly emphasizes on various topical treatments including emollient therapies, barrier repair agents, topical corticosteroids (TCS), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitors. It also discusses biological and systemic therapies, upcoming treatments based on ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, this review scrutinized the use of pharmaceutical inactive ingredients in the approved topical dosage forms for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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54
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Rheumatoid arthritis: advances in treatment strategies. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:69-88. [PMID: 35725992 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe joint and bone damage due to heightened autoimmune response at the articular sites. Worldwide annual incidence and prevalence rate of RA is 3 cases per 10,000 population and 1%, respectively. Several genetic and environmental (microbiota, smoking, infectious agents) factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Although convention treatment strategies, predominantly Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and Glucocorticoids (GC), are unchanged as the primary line of treatment; novel strategies consisting of biological DMARDs, are being developed and explored. Personalized approaches using biologicals targetspecific pathways associated with disease progression. However, considering the economic burden and side-effects associated with these, there is an unmet need on strategies for early stratification of the inadequate responders with cDMARDs. As RA is a complex disease with a variable remission rate, it is important not only to evaluate the current status of drugs in clinical practice but also those with the potential of personalised therapeutics. Here, we provide comprehensive data on the treatment strategies in RA, including studies exploring various combination strategies in clinical trials. Our systematic analysis of current literature found that conventional DMARDs along with glucocorticoid may be best suited for early RA cases and a combination of conventional and targeted DMARDs could be effective for treating seronegative patients with moderate to high RA activity. Clinical trials with insufficient responders to Methotrexate suggest that adding biologicals may help in such cases. However, certain adverse events associated with the current therapy advocate exploring novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy in future.
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Tasso M, Bertolini N, Mostacciuolo E, Passavanti S, Luppino JME, Del Puente A, Peluso R, Santelli F, Scarpa R, Costa L, Caso F. Effectiveness and safety profile of tofacitinib and baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 24-month real-life prospective study in Southern-Italy. Reumatismo 2022; 74. [PMID: 36580064 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib up to 24 months of follow-up in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated in Southern Italy. Patients' data, activity index, and clinimetric scores were collected at baseline (T0), six (T6), twelve (T12), and twenty-four (T24) months following treatment initiation. At six, twelve, and twenty-four months, adverse events and treatment cessation were also recorded. Sixty-eight patients (mean age: 62.2±10.9 years; mean RA duration: 15±9.6 years) were enrolled over a period of 12 weeks. At baseline, twenty-four patients (35.3%) were treated with tofacitinib, and forty-four patients (64.7%) were treated with baricitinib. The baseline mean disease activity was moderate as measured by DAS28- ESR (5.0±1.0), DAS 28 CRP (4.69±0.94), and SDAI (26.87±10.73) score. Before beginning JAKinhibs therapy, thirty-two patients (61.8%) were taking bDMARDs, while the remaining thirty-six (38.2%) were bDMARDs-naïve. The 24-month retention rate for JAKinhibs was 91.1%. Six months after beginning treatment with JAKinhibs, a statistically significant improvement was observed in all evaluated activity indices and clinimetric scores. Improvement was confirmed during the 12- and 24-month follow-up evaluations. The positive correlation between baseline-T6 SDAI delta and discontinuation of JAKinhibs (p=0.02) suggests that RA worsening in the first six months may be a predictor of therapy withdrawal. Patients with RA responded favorably to tofacitinib and baricitinib in this prospective, real-world study from a single center in Southern Italy. Efficacy was observed despite an underlying persistent and treatment-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tasso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - N Bertolini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - E Mostacciuolo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - S Passavanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - J M E Luppino
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - A Del Puente
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - R Peluso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - F Santelli
- Department of Political Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - R Scarpa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - L Costa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
| | - F Caso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples.
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56
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Swarnakar R, Yadav SL. Precautions before starting tofacitinib in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Clin Cases 2022. [DOI: http:/dx.doi.or10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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57
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Swarnakar R, Yadav SL. Precautions before starting tofacitinib in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Clin Cases 2022. [DOI: http://dx.doi.or10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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58
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Swarnakar R, Yadav SL. Precautions before starting tofacitinib in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:13467-13469. [PMID: 36683637 PMCID: PMC9850994 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is an immunosuppressive and disease-modifying therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. It may result in many infections flaring up. It is important to take precautions of all kinds (cardiovascular, malignancy, infections etc.) before starting tofacitinib. In this article, we have highlighted important steps where we need to take precautions before starting tofacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Swarnakar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi 11049, Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Lal Yadav
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi 11049, Delhi, India
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59
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Agashe RP, Lippman SM, Kurzrock R. JAK: Not Just Another Kinase. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1757-1764. [PMID: 36252553 PMCID: PMC10441554 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT axis is implicated in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Numerous cytokines/growth factors affect JAK/STAT signaling. JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) noncovalently associate with cytokine receptors, mediate receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and recruit ≥1 STAT proteins (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, and STAT6). Tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs dimerize and are then transported into the nucleus to function as transcription factors. Signaling is attenuated by specific suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins, creating a negative feedback loop. Both germline mutations and polymorphisms of JAK family members correlate with specific diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus (TYK2 polymorphisms); severe combined immunodeficiency (JAK3 mutations); pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TYK2 mutations); and hereditary thrombocytosis (JAK2 mutations). Somatic gain-of-function JAK mutations mainly occur in hematologic malignancies, with the activating JAK2 V617F being a myeloproliferative disorder hallmark; it is also seen in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Several T-cell malignancies, as well as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia also harbor JAK family somatic alterations. On the other hand, JAK2 copy-number loss is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) have been deployed in many conditions with JAK activation; they are approved in myeloproliferative disorders, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease, alopecia areata, ankylosing spondylitis, and in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Clinical trials are investigating jakinibs in multiple other autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, dermatologic and neurologic improvements have been observed in children with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (a genetic interferonopathy) treated with JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Win Consortium, Paris, France
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60
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Uckun FM, Qazi S. ERBB1/EGFR and JAK3 Tyrosine Kinases as Potential Therapeutic Targets in High-Risk Multiple Myeloma. ONCO 2022; 2:282-304. [PMID: 36311273 PMCID: PMC9610889 DOI: 10.3390/onco2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our main objective was to identify abundantly expressed tyrosine kinases in multiple myeloma (MM) as potential therapeutic targets. We first compared the transcriptomes of malignant plasma cells from newly diagnosed MM patients who were risk-categorized based on the patient-specific EMC-92/SKY-92 gene expression signature values vs. normal plasma cells from healthy volunteers using archived datasets from the HOVON65/GMMG-HD4 randomized Phase 3 study evaluating the clinical efficacy of bortezomib induction/maintenance versus classic cytotoxic drugs and thalidomide maintenance. In particular, ERBB1/EGFR was significantly overexpressed in MM cells in comparison to normal control plasma cells, and it was differentially overexpressed in MM cells from high-risk patients. Amplified expression of EGFR/ERBB1 mRNA in MM cells was positively correlated with increased expression levels of mRNAs for several DNA binding proteins and transcription factors with known upregulating activity on EGFR/ERBB1 gene expression. MM patients with the highest ERBB1/EGFR expression level had significantly shorter PFS and OS times than patients with the lowest ERBB1/EGFR expression level. High expression levels of EGFR/ERBB1 were associated with significantly increased hazard ratios for unfavorable PFS and OS outcomes in both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The impact of high EGFR/ERBB1 expression on the PFS and OS outcomes remained significant even after accounting for the prognostic effects of other covariates. These results regarding the prognostic effect of EGFR/ERBB1 expression were validated using the MMRF-CoMMpass RNAseq dataset generated in patients treated with more recently applied drug combinations included in contemporary induction regimens. Our findings provide new insights regarding the molecular mechanism and potential clinical significance of upregulated EGFR/ERBB1 expression in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M. Uckun
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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61
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Zhang Y, Gao Z, Chao S, Lu W, Zhang P. Transdermal delivery of inflammatory factors regulated drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1934-1950. [PMID: 35757855 PMCID: PMC9246099 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease, with the features of recurrent chronic inflammation of synovial tissue, destruction of cartilage, and bone erosion, which further affects joints tissue, organs, and systems, and eventually leads to irreversible joint deformities and body dysfunction. Therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis mainly reduce inflammation through regulating inflammatory factors. Transdermal administration is gradually being applied to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which can allow the drug to overcome the skin stratum corneum barrier, reduce gastrointestinal side effects, and avoid the first-pass effect, thus improving bioavailability and relieving inflammation. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of transdermal drug delivery in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and discussed in detail the dosage forms such as gel (microemulsion gel, nanoemulsion gel, nanomicelle gel, sanaplastic nano-vesiclegel, ethosomal gel, transfersomal gel, nanoparticles gel), patch, drug microneedles, nanostructured lipid carrier, transfersomes, lyotropic liquid crystal, and drug loaded electrospinning nanofibers, which provide inspiration for the rich dosage forms of transdermal drug delivery systems for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaoju Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shushu Chao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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62
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Xu Q, Huang ZS, Liu QP, Wei JCC. Tofacitinib for sarcoidosis, a new potential treatment. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1217-1219. [PMID: 36320145 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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63
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Haddad F, Dokmak G, Karaman R. A Comprehensive Review on the Efficacy of Several Pharmacologic Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1758. [PMID: 36362912 PMCID: PMC9692303 DOI: 10.3390/life12111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and the cause of the pandemic is extremely contagious among people and has spread around the world. Antivirals, immunomodulators, and other medications, such as antibiotics, stem cells, and plasma therapy, have all been utilized in the treatment of COVID-19. To better understand the clinical efficacy of these agents and to aid in the selection of effective COVID-19 therapies in various countries, this study reviewed the effectiveness of the various pharmacologic agents that have been used for COVID-19 therapy globally by summarizing the clinical outcomes that have been obtained from the clinical trials published on each drug related to COVID-19 infection. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized the use of remdesivir, paxlovid, molnupiravir, baricitinib, tixagevimab-cilgavimab, and bebtelovimab for the management of COVID-19. On the other hand, most research advises against using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients because they are not beneficial. Although the FDA has given emergency use authorization for some monoclonal antibodies, including bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab, and imdevimab for managing COVID-19, they are not currently approved for use because the Omicron variant has significantly reduced their in vitro susceptibility. In this study, we also included a wide range of alternative therapy strategies that effectively treat COVID-19 patients, although further randomized studies are necessary to support and assess their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Haddad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Ghadeer Dokmak
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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64
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Jeelan Basha N, Basavarajaiah SM, Shyamsunder K. Therapeutic potential of pyrrole and pyrrolidine analogs: an update. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2915-2937. [PMID: 35079946 PMCID: PMC8788913 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound pyrrole and pyrrolidine has been a versatile field of study for a long time for its diverse biological and medicinal importance. Biomolecules such as chlorophyll, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome are naturally occurring metal complexes of pyrrole. These metal complexes play a vital role in a living system like photosynthesis, oxygen carrier, as well storage, and redox cycling reactions. Apart from this, many medicinal drugs are derived from either pyrrole, pyrrolidine, or by its fused analogs. This review mainly focuses on the therapeutic potential of pyrrole, pyrrolidine, and its fused analogs, more specifically anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antituberculosis. Further, this review summarizes more recent reports on the pyrrole, pyrrolidine analogs, and their biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - S M Basavarajaiah
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560004, India
| | - K Shyamsunder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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65
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Sarabia S, Ranjith B, Koppikar S, Wijeratne DT. Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:71. [PMID: 36163193 PMCID: PMC9513929 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background JAK inhibitors are a relatively new class of medications that may be useful in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of several JAK inhibitors in treating psoriasis and PsA and examine safety concerns. Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing any JAK inhibitor to placebo. The primary outcomes were a 75% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) and a 20% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology composite score (ACR20). A secondary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving a “0” or “1” on the static Physician Global Assessment scale. Odds ratios were used to compare the proportion of patients reaching these targets in the max dose intervention group vs. the placebo group. A random effects model was used to account for heterogeneity. Results In total, 15 RCTs were included in the study and no observational studies. This encompassed 6757 patients in total. When the results were combined, the calculated odds ratio for PASI75 amongst tofacitinib vs. placebo was OR 14.35 [95%CI 7.65, 26.90], for PASI75 amongst non-tofacitinib JAK inhibitors vs. placebo it was OR 6.42 [95%CI 4.89, 8.43], for ACR20 amongst all JAK inhibitors versus placebo was OR 5.87 [95%CI 4.39, 7.85]. There was no significant difference in prevalence of serious adverse events between intervention and control in any of these studies. Conclusion JAK inhibitors show promise for safely treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-022-00287-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sarabia
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brandan Ranjith
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sahil Koppikar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Don Thiwanka Wijeratne
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Li H, Li T, Hu Q, Yao Z, Li L, Huang Q, Zhou R. Inhibitors targeting the autophosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase of Streptococcus suis show potent antimicrobial activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990091. [PMID: 36118193 PMCID: PMC9478340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern threatening public health. Developing novel antibiotics is one of the effective strategies to tackle AMR. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs) have been recently shown to play critical roles in the physiology and pathogenesis of several important bacterial pathogens which are regarded as a promising antimicrobial drug target. We previously reported the roles of STK in the regulation of bacterial cell division, metabolism, and pathogenesis in Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen. In this study, we firstly identified the Thr167 and Ser175 residues in the activation loop of S. suis STK (ssSTK) as the kinase autophosphorylation sites. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the autophosphorylation deficient strain resembled the stk deletion strain showing essentiality for bacterial growth in minimal medium, abnormal morphology, and decreased virulence when compared with the wild-type S. suis SC19 strain. Based on these findings, we established an ssSTK inhibitor screening approach by measuring the growth of S. suis in a minimal medium and testing the autophosphorylation inhibition by measuring the consumption of ATP in an enzymatic reaction by ssSTK. A series of inhibitors against ssSTK are identified from a commercial kinase inhibitors library, including Staurosporine, K252a, AT9283, and APY29. These inhibitors showed antimicrobial activity in vitro. Moreover, by using Galleria mellonella larvae infection assay, compound APY29 displayed in vivo efficacy against S. suis infection. Additionally, it was predicted by molecular docking that these inhibitors could interact with ssSTK. Collectively, our data illustrated the essential roles of ssSTK autophosphorylation in the physiology and pathogenicity of S. suis and consider these inhibitors as promising antimicrobial lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang,
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
- The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China
- Rui Zhou,
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Li N, Du S, Wang Y, Zhu X, Shu S, Men Y, He M, Fang F, Wang Y, Gong Y, Chen J, Gu L, Cheng Y, He Q, Lu H, Niu Y, Xu Y, Feng P. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I study of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of KL130008, a novel oral JAK inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106257. [PMID: 35820629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES KL130008 is a novel selective inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 that may have therapeutic benefit against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. Here, we developed a first-in-human trial of KL130008 to evaluate its pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety in healthy subjects. METHODS Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I study was designed. Healthy Chinese subjects received KL130008 in single-ascending doses (1-20 mg) or multiple-ascending doses (2-6 mg) once daily for seven days, and data on PK, PD, and safety data including QT interval were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 79 subjects were enrolled, of whom 77 completed the study. After oral administration following at least a 10-h fast, KL130008 was rapidly absorbed and reached a maximum concentration (Cmax) in 0.6-1.5 h. KL130008 exposure was approximately linear and dose-proportional. The drug showed exponential elimination with t1/2 = 14-18 h, and 8-20% of KL130008 was excreted in the urine. Dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylated signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3 (p-STAT3) was observed in subjects who received single KL130008 doses of 4-20 mg, while multiple dosing of KL130008 at 2, 4, or 6 mg once daily for seven consecutive days sustainably inhibited p-STAT3. The rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were 88.7% with KL130008 and 81.3% with placebo. All such events were grade 1 or 2 and disappeared or resolved by the end of the study. The most frequent such events were a decrease in neutrophil percentage, which occurred in 30.6% of subjects on KL130008; a decrease in neutrophil count, which occurred in 29.0% of subjects on KL130008; and an increase in lymphocyte percentage, which occurred in 25.8% of subjects on KL130008. None of these three events occurred while subjects were on placebo. CONCLUSION Our results support that KL130008 is a safe and well-tolerated oral JAK1/2 inhibitor. The present study may help optimize the KL130008 dosing regimen for a phase II study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800018743 (chictr.org); registered on October 7, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuangqing Du
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shiqing Shu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuchun Men
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Miao He
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yimou Gong
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Liling Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Yezhe Cheng
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Qiang He
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Huifang Lu
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 666, Xinhua Avenue, Chengdu Cross-Strait Science and Technology Industrial Development Park, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Lin QX, Meng HJ, Pang YY, Qu Y. Recurrent herpes zoster in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with tofacitinib: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8703-8708. [PMID: 36157812 PMCID: PMC9453357 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Varicella zoster virus reactivation leading to herpes zoster (HZ) is an adverse effect of this drug; however, recurrent HZ at the same site is a rare clinical condition.
CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old female RA patient had undergone 1-year of tofacitinib treatment (10 mg daily). About 1 mo after initiation of oral tofacitinib, she developed blisters on the left flank and abdomen and was diagnosed with HZ; antiviral therapy with acyclovir was resolutory. However, 5 d prior to presentation at our hospital, erythema and blisters with severe pain recurred at the same site. Small clustered blisters and bullous were visible on the left lumbar abdomen and perineum, with a pain score of 8 (visual analogue scale). Antiviral, nutritional supplement, analgesic and other treatments led to healing but over an atypically long period (approximately 26 d, vs approximately 1 wk). HZ is a common and serious adverse reaction of JAK inhibitors, but it rarely recurs. Our patient’s experience of HZ recurrence at the same site, with a wider affected area, more severe pain and longer healing period, is inconsistent with previous reports.
CONCLUSION Same-anatomical site HZ recurrence may occur during oral tofacitinib treatment, with more severe clinical manifestations than in the initial occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Meng
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Yan Pang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
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Wang S, Du Q, Sun J, Geng S, Zhang Y. Investigation of the mechanism of Isobavachalcone in treating rheumatoid arthritis through a combination strategy of network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115342. [PMID: 35525528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural chalcone compound widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia L., and Tibetan medicine Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. Etc.. Among them, Psoralea corylifolia has the effect of tonifying the kidney and strengthening Yang, and it is recorded in the Medicinal theory that it can be used in managing rheumatism and arthralgia. In addition, It has been included in many prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine as the main herb for managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Similarly, Abelmoschus manihot is a common Tibetan medicinal herb and is a common medicinal material in Tibetan medicine and reported in ancient medicinal books such as Jing Zhu Ben Cao and Si Bu Yi Dian to possess the effect of Ganhuangshui and thus can be used in treating Huangshui diseases (such as RA). Previous research has demonstrated IBC to possess numerous biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory. Nevertheless, its efficacy and potential mechanism in treating rheumatoid arthritis are yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of IBC in treating RA through a combined strategy of network pharmacology, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards databases were consulted to predict the potential targets of IBC and RA. Additionally, the potential targets for IBC in treating RA were predicted by consulting databases such as String, Cytoscape, MCODE, and Cytohubba. R software was utilized for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways, followed by in vitro experimentation using cell lines and in vivo experimentation using animals to explore the potential mechanism of IBC in RA treatment. RESULTS By integrating the results of network pharmacological analysis, 17 genes were found to be strongly associated with RA, such as TNF, MAPK13, EGFR, PTGS2, MMP3, etc. The enrichment analysis indicated that IBC possessed tremendous therapeutic efficacy in managing RA through PI3K-AKT, rheumatoid arthritis, and TNF signaling pathways. The in vitro experimentation indicated that IBC inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis and inhibition of inflammation of MH7A cell lines stimulated with TNF-α. The IBC might also have an increasing effect on the intracellular ROS and reducing effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential. The western blotting results indicated that IBC markedly inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-JAK1, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 proteins in TNF-α stimulated MH7A cells. Furthermore, we found that IBC also significantly reduced paw swelling and arthritis severity in CIA model rats through in vivo animal studies. CONCLUSIONS In short, this study explored the effect of IBC by combining network pharmacology prediction with in vitro and in vivo experimentation. The results indicated that IBC exerts its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect by regulating cell proliferation and survival via PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. This may open a new horizon and provide a theoretical foundation for further development and utilization of IBC in RA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qinyun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sang Geng
- University of Tibetan Medicine, Lasa, 850000, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Du Y, Cui R, Tian N, Chen M, Zhang XL, Dai SM. Regulation of type I interferon signature by VGLL3 in the fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients via targeting the Hippo pathway. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:188. [PMID: 35941675 PMCID: PMC9358906 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The upregulation of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes induced by type I IFNs (namely type I IFN signature) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients had implications in early diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses. However, factors that modulate the type I IFN signature in RA are largely unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the involvement of VGLL3, a homologue of the vestigial-like gene in Drosophila and a putative regulator of the Hippo pathway, in the modulation of type I IFN signature in the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients. Methods FLS were isolated from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Expression of VGLL3 in the synovial tissues and FLS was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. RNA sequencing was performed in RA-FLS upon VGLL3 overexpression. The expression of IFN-stimulated genes was examined by PCR and Western blotting. Results VGLL3 was upregulated in the RA synovium and RA-FLS compared to OA. Overexpression of VGLL3 promoted the expression of IFN-stimulated genes in RA-FLS. The expression of STAT1 and MX1 was also upregulated in RA synovium compared to OA and was associated with the expression of VGLL3 in RA and OA patients. VGLL3 promoted the IRF3 activation and IFN-β1 expression in RA-FLS. Increased IFN-β1 induced the expression of IFN-stimulated genes in RA-FLS in an autocrine manner. VGLL3 also modulated the expression of the Hippo pathway molecules WWTR1 and AMOTL2, which mediated the regulation of IRF3 activation and IFN-β1 production by VGLL3 in RA-FLS. Conclusions VGLL3 drives the IRF3-induced IFN-β1 expression in RA-FLS by inhibiting WWTR1 expression and subsequently promotes the type I IFN signature expression in RA-FLS through autocrine IFN-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xian-Long Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Sanchez-Diaz M, Diaz-Calvillo P, Rodriguez-Pozo JA, Tercedor-Sánchez J, Cantudo-Cuenca MR, Molina-Leyva A, Arias-Santiago S. Tofacitinib for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Real-world Evidence and Factors Associated with Therapeutic Response. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00736. [PMID: 35578820 PMCID: PMC9574676 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Jeucken KCM, van Rooijen CCN, Kan YY, Kocken LA, Jongejan A, van Steen ACI, van Buul JD, Olsson HK, van Hamburg JP, Tas SW. Differential Contribution of NF-κB Signaling Pathways to CD4+ Memory T Cell Induced Activation of Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860327. [PMID: 35769477 PMCID: PMC9235360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are important contributors to inflammation in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). In this study, we examined whether CD4+ memory T (Tm) cells can drive EC inflammatory responses. Human Tm cells produced ligands that induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein EC as exemplified by increased expression of inflammatory mediators including chemokines and adhesion molecules. NF-κB, a key regulator of EC activation, was induced by Tm cell ligands. We dissected the relative contribution of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling to Tm induced EC responses using pharmacological small molecule inhibitors of IKKβ (iIKKβ) or NF-κB inducing kinase (iNIK). RNA sequencing revealed substantial overlap in IKKβ and NIK regulated genes (n=549) that were involved in inflammatory and immune responses, including cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF) and chemokines (CXCL5, CXCL1). NIK regulated genes were more restricted, as 332 genes were uniquely affected by iNIK versus 749 genes by iIKKβ, the latter including genes involved in metabolism, proliferation and leukocyte adhesion (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). The functional importance of NIK and IKKβ in EC activation was confirmed by transendothelial migration assays with neutrophils, demonstrating stronger inhibitory effects of iIKKβ compared to iNIK. Importantly, iIKKβ – and to some extent iNIK - potentiated the effects of currently employed therapies for IMIDs, like JAK inhibitors and anti-IL-17 antibodies, on EC inflammatory responses. These data demonstrate that inhibition of NF-κB signaling results in modulation of Tm cell-induced EC responses and highlight the potential of small molecule NF-κB inhibitors as a novel treatment strategy to target EC inflammatory responses in IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. M. Jeucken
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C. N. van Rooijen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yik Y. Kan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lotte A. Kocken
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham C. I. van Steen
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henric K. Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Sander W. Tas,
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Caracterización del uso de tofacitinib como tratamiento para COVID-19. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE REUMATOLOGÍA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9023355 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcreu.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo El propósito principal de este estudio es caracterizar y comparar la población que recibió tofacitinib con aquella que no fue tratada con este fármaco para la COVID-19 en la Clínica Unión Médica del Norte, durante el año 2020. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo transversal de tipo exploratorio y de fuente secundaria. Se analizaron las características de los participantes y su tratamiento en relación con los parámetros de laboratorio y las características clínicas. Resultados Se incluyeron 507 pacientes ingresados en la unidad de COVID-19 de la Clínica Unión Médica del Norte. Se determinó que las defunciones fueron menores en el grupo que se medicó con tofacitinib (6,45%) en comparación con el grupo que no utilizó dicho fármaco. Asimismo, los medicados con esta terapia ameritaron en menos proporción soporte ventilatorio, sin embargo, hubo más proporción de ingresos a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Además, se identificó una reducción mayor en la glucemia en aquellos pacientes medicados con tofacitinib, aunque mayores niveles de ferritina y dímero D. Conclusiones El fármaco tofacitinib puede actuar de manera beneficiosa en relación con la mortalidad y la reducción del uso de ventilación mecánica. En adición, podría colaborar con la evolución de los pacientes. No obstante, nuestra investigación no es concluyente. Es necesario realizar futuras investigaciones confirmatorias de la eficacia de la terapia con tofacitinib para los pacientes con COVID-19.
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74
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Criptococosis diseminada por terapia biológica, se debe gestionar el riesgo. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:218-223. [PMID: 35867915 PMCID: PMC9296075 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Se han descrito múltiples efectos adversos con el uso de la terapia biológica para enfermedades autoinmunitarias, muchos de ellos secundarios al estado de inmunosupresión, como las infecciones bacterianas, fúngicas o virales. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 64 años con diagnóstico comprobado de criptococosis diseminada secundaria al uso de tofacitinib. Se descartaron otras causas de inmunosupresión, como infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV). Tres años antes se le había diagnosticado artritis reumatoide y se encontraba en tratamiento farmacológico con un agente biológico que inhibe las enzimas JAK. Se han descrito muy pocos casos de criptococosis pulmonar y meníngea en este tipo de pacientes. Conclusión. Este reporte de caso es útil para que otros médicos tratantes tengan presente la posibilidad de este tipo de infección fúngica invasora asociada con la terapia biológica y el enfoque de gestión de riesgo.
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Shiiya C, Ono N, Aoki S, Amagai M, Kubo A. Improvement of redness and hyperkeratosis in a case of Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis during Tofacitinib treatment for ulcerative colitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e797-e798. [PMID: 35620940 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Shiiya
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582
| | - Noriko Ono
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582
| | - Satomi Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0011
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76
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Kim BH, Kim MG, Choi BY. Lagerstroemia indica extract regulates human hair dermal papilla cell growth and degeneration via modulation of β-catenin, Stat6 and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:2763-2773. [PMID: 35596731 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagerstroemia indica (L. indica) is reported to have diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuro-regulatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. AIMS The purpose of the present study is to examine the potential of hair growth promotion and/or hair loss prevention by L. indica extract. PATIENTS/METHODS The effects of L. indica on hair growth have been studied in human hair follicle dermal papillary (hHFDP) cells and follicular organ culture ex vivo by cell proliferation assay, PCR, western blot analysis and reporter gene activity assay. Moreover, a clinical trial was conducted in healthy volunteers. RESULTS L. indica significantly promoted the proliferation of hHFDP cells, which was associated with increased expression of TCF/LEF, VEGF and Gli1 mRNA, and inhibition of STAT6 and Smad2 mRNA. Treatment with L. indica also increased the TCF/LEF reporter gene activity but downregulated the SBE- and STAT6-luciferase activities. The expression of total β-catenin, CDK4 and CDK2 were elevated, while that of STAT6 and SMAD2/3 was suppressed upon treatment with L. indica. In human hair follicles organ culture, L. indica significantly inhibited hair follicular degeneration. The clinical trial showed a statistically significant rise in total hair count in test group (n=24) after 24 weeks of applying the hair tonic enriched with L. indica (141.46 ± 21.27 number/cm2 , p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We suggest that L. indica extract prevents hair loss as well as stimulate hair growth by regulating the Wnt-β-catenin, JAK3-STAT6 and TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathways, and may be further developed as a novel functional cosmetic for preventing hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Engineering, Seowon University
| | - Myong Gi Kim
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Engineering, Seowon University
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Henry SP, Liosi ME, Ippolito JA, Cutrona KJ, Krimmer SG, Newton AS, Schlessinger J, Jorgensen WL. Conversion of a False Virtual Screen Hit into Selective JAK2 JH2 Domain Binders Using Convergent Design Strategies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:819-826. [PMID: 35586418 PMCID: PMC9109162 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) pseudokinase domain (JH2) is an ATP-binding domain that regulates the activity of the catalytic tyrosine kinase domain (JH1). Dysregulation of JAK2 JH1 signaling caused by the V617F mutation in JH2 is implicated in various myeloproliferative neoplasms. To explore if JAK2 activity can be modulated by a small molecule binding to the ATP site in JH2, we have developed several ligand series aimed at selectively targeting the JAK2 JH2 domain. We report here the evolution of a false virtual screen hit into a new JAK2 JH2 series. Optimization guided by computational modeling has yielded analogues with nanomolar affinity for the JAK2 JH2 domain and >100-fold selectivity for the JH2 domain over the JH1 domain. A crystal structure for one of the potent compounds bound to JAK2 JH2 clarifies the origins of the strong binding and selectivity. The compounds expand the platform for seeking molecules to regulate JAK2 signaling, including V617F JAK2 hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Maria-Elena Liosi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Joseph A. Ippolito
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Kara J. Cutrona
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Stefan G. Krimmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Ana S. Newton
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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78
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Zhu L, Cao Z, Wang S, Zhang C, Fang L, Ren Y, Xie B, Geng J, Xie S, Zhao L, Ma L, Dai H, Wang C. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Peripheral Immune Responses in Anti-Synthetase Syndrome-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804034. [PMID: 35250976 PMCID: PMC8891123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) secondary to anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) greatly influence the prognoses of patients with ASS. Here we aimed to investigate the peripheral immune responses to understand the pathogenesis of this condition. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 5 patients with ASS-ILD and 3 healthy donors (HDs). Flow cytometry of PBMCs was performed to replenish the results of scRNA-seq. RESULTS We used scRNA-seq to depict a high-resolution visualization of cellular landscape in PBMCs from patients with ASS-ILD. Patients showed upregulated interferon responses among NK cells, monocytes, T cells, and B cells. And the ratio of effector memory CD8 T cells to naïve CD8 T cells was significantly higher in patients than that in HDs. Additionally, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathways were enriched in T cells. Flow cytometry analyses showed increased proportions of Th17 cells and Th2 cells, and decreased proportion of Th1 cells in patients with ASS-ILD when compared with HDs, evaluated by the expression patterns of chemokine receptors. CONCLUSIONS The scRNA-seq data analyses reveal that ASS-ILD is characterized by upregulated interferon responses, altered CD8 T cell homeostasis, and involvement of differentiation signaling pathways of CD4 T cells. The flow cytometry analyses show that the proportions of Th17 cells and Th2 cells are increased and the proportion of Th1 cells is decreased in patients with ASS-ILD. These findings may provide foundations of novel therapeutic targets for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University (THUAI), State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changshui Zhang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University (THUAI), State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- DataCanvas Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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79
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yu J, Lan J, Liang W, Liu G, Qu X, Chen J, Su Z, Yu S, Cheng Y, Wang W, Ren Q, Deng Q, Zhao Y, Yang H. A randomized, crossover, phase I clinical study to evaluate bioequivalence and safety of tofacitinib and Xeljanz® in Chinese healthy subjects. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108780. [PMID: 35461158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that has been marketed and approved in the USA for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A phase I clinical trial was conducted to compare the bioequivalence and safety of tofacitinib (Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.) and Xeljanz® (Pfizer Inc.) in healthy Chinese subjects, providing basis for the clinical application of tofacitinib. METHODS Healthy Chinese subjects (N = 32) were randomly assigned to two groups at a 1:1 ratio. Subjects orally took 5 mg tofacitinib or Xeljanz® per cycle in random sequence. Blood samples were collected at 15 sampling points per cycle, and plasma drug concentrations of tofacitinib or Xeljanz® were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and statistical analysis for the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Subjects' physical indicators were monitored during the whole process to evaluate drug safety. RESULTS The adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the peak concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and AUC from time zero to observed infinity (AUC0-∞) were all within the range of 80-125%. The other PK parameter values were similar. The above values were all meeting the bioequivalence criteria with well safety. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic parameters and safety profile of tofacitinib were similar to those of Xeljanz® in healthy Chinese subjects. Therefore, tofacitinib can be considered bioequivalent to Xeljanz®, and the findings of this trial will promote the clinical application of tofacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Xu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengzhi Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Yannan Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Ansiterui Medical Technology Consulting Co., Ltd, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guangwen Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyao Qu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengjie Su
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanhua Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaohuan Deng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Haimiao Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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80
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Ansalone C, Ainsworth RI, Nygaard G, Ai R, Prideaux EB, Hammaker D, Perumal NB, Weichert K, Tung F, Kodandapani L, Sauder JM, Mertsching EC, Benschop RJ, Boyle DL, Wang W, Firestein GS. Caspase-8 Variant G Regulates Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Aggressive Behavior. ACR Open Rheumatol 2022; 4:288-299. [PMID: 34963199 PMCID: PMC8992463 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by contributing to synovial inflammation and progressive joint damage. An imprinted epigenetic state is associated with the FLS aggressive phenotype. We identified CASP8 (encoding for caspase-8) as a differentially marked gene and evaluated its pathogenic role in RA FLSs. METHODS RA FLS lines were obtained from synovial tissues at arthroplasty and used at passage 5-8. Caspase-8 was silenced using small interfering RNA, and its effect was determined in cell adhesion, migration and invasion assays. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot were used to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. A caspase-8 selective inhibitor was used determine the role of enzymatic activity on FLS migration and invasion. Caspase-8 isoform transcripts and epigenetic marks in FLSs were analyzed in FLS public databases. Crystal structures of caspase-8B and G were determined. RESULTS Caspase-8 deficiency in RA FLSs reduced cell adhesion, migration, and invasion independent of its catalytic activity. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses of RA FLSs revealed that a specific caspase-8 isoform, variant G, is the dominant isoform expressed (~80% of total caspase-8) and induced by PDGF. The crystal structures of caspase-8 variant G and B were identical except for a unique unstructured 59 amino acid N-terminal domain in variant G. Selective knockdown of caspase-8G was solely responsible for the effects of caspase-8 on calpain activity and cell invasion in FLS. CONCLUSION Blocking caspase-8 variant G could decrease cell invasion in diseases like RA without the potential deleterious effects of nonspecific caspase-8 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gyrid Nygaard
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Rizi Ai
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
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81
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Yang J, Liu X. Immunotherapy for Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790962. [PMID: 34975890 PMCID: PMC8716621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an immune-mediated disease involving the central nervous system, usually caused by antigen-antibody reactions. With the advent of autoantibody-associated diseases, AE has become a hot research frontier in neuroimmunology. The first-line conventional treatments of autoimmune encephalitis consist of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange (PLEX), and second-line therapy includes rituximab. Despite considerable research and expanding clinical experience, current treatments are still ineffective for a significant number of patients. Although there is no clear consensus, clinical trial evidence limited, and the level of evidence for some of the drugs based on single reports, third-line therapy is a viable alternative for refractory encephalitis patients. With the current rapid research progress, a breakthrough in the treatment of AE is critical. This article aims to review the third-line therapy for refractory AE
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gajjela BK, Zhou MM. Calming the cytokine storm of COVID-19 through inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:390-400. [PMID: 34743903 PMCID: PMC8553370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, which has infected over 178 million people worldwide. Even with new vaccines, global herd immunity will not be reached soon. New cases and viral variants are being reported at an alarming rate. Effective antiviral treatment is urgently needed. Patients with severe COVID-19 suffer from life-threatening respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome in their lungs, a leading cause of COVID-19 mortality. This lung hyper-inflammation is induced by virus-caused massive tissue damage that is associated with uncontrolled cytokine release, known as a cytokine storm, through JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Here, we review the FDA-approved JAK inhibitors that are being clinically evaluated and repurposed for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 by calming SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Gajjela
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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83
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Muromoto R, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Current understanding of the role of tyrosine kinase 2 signaling in immune responses. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:1-14. [PMID: 35126866 PMCID: PMC8790287 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is a complex network that clears pathogens, toxic substrates, and cancer cells. Distinguishing self-antigens from non-self-antigens is critical for the immune cell-mediated response against foreign antigens. The innate immune system elicits an early-phase response to various stimuli, whereas the adaptive immune response is tailored to previously encountered antigens. During immune responses, B cells differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, while naïve T cells differentiate into functionally specific effector cells [T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells]. However, enhanced or prolonged immune responses can result in autoimmune disorders, which are characterized by lymphocyte-mediated immune responses against self-antigens. Signal transduction of cytokines, which regulate the inflammatory cascades, is dependent on the members of the Janus family of protein kinases. Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) is associated with receptor subunits of immune-related cytokines, such as type I interferon, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23. Clinical studies on the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Tyk2 inhibitors in autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases are currently ongoing. This review summarizes the findings of studies examining the role of Tyk2 in immune and/or inflammatory responses using Tyk2-deficient cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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84
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Use of Ruxolitinib for the Simultaneous Treatment of Severe Refractory Ulcerative Colitis and Polycythemia Vera. ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00741. [PMID: 35018293 PMCID: PMC8740881 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is the only medicine in the class of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that has been approved for use in moderate-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). The potential of other JAK inhibitors to treat UC has not been fully explored. We present a case describing the successful use of the selective JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, to treat a patient with concomitant UC and polycythemia vera.
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La Manna S, De Benedictis I, Marasco D. Proteomimetics of Natural Regulators of JAK-STAT Pathway: Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:792546. [PMID: 35047557 PMCID: PMC8762217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.792546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway is a crucial cellular signaling cascade, including an intricate network of Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) responsible for its regulation. It mediates the activities of several cytokines, interferons, and growth factors and transduces extracellular signals into transcriptional programs to regulate cell growth and differentiation. It is essential for the development and function of both innate and adaptive immunities, and its aberrant deregulation was highlighted in neuroinflammatory diseases and in crucial mechanisms for tumor cell recognition and tumor-induced immune escape. For its involvement in a multitude of biological processes, it can be considered a valuable target for the development of drugs even if a specific focus on possible side effects associated with its inhibition is required. Herein, we review the possibilities to target JAK-STAT by focusing on its natural inhibitors as the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. This protein family is a crucial checkpoint inhibitor in immune homeostasis and a valuable target in immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer and immune deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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86
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Treatment paradigms in Parkinson's Disease and Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 165:135-171. [PMID: 36208898 PMCID: PMC9148185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
People with Parkinson's Disease (PwP) may be at higher risk for complications from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) due to older age and to the multi-faceted nature of Parkinson's Disease (PD) per se, presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Those on advanced therapies may be particularly vulnerable. Taking the above into consideration, along with the potential multi-systemic impact of Covid-19 on affected patients and the complications of hospitalization, we are providing an evidence-based guidance to ensure a high standard of care for PwP affected by Covid-19 with varying severity of the condition. Adherence to the dopaminergic medication of PwP, without abrupt modifications in dosage and frequency, is of utmost importance, while potential interactions with newly introduced drugs should always be considered. Treating physicians should be cautious to acknowledge and timely address any potential complications, while consultation by a neurologist, preferably with special knowledge on movement disorders, is advised for patients admitted in non-neurological wards. Non-pharmacological approaches, including the patient's mobilization, falls prevention, good sleep hygiene, emotional support, and adequate nutritional and fluid intake, are essential and the role of telemedicine services should be strengthened and encouraged.
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87
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Wang Z, Huang J, Xie D, He D, Lu A, Liang C. Toward Overcoming Treatment Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755844. [PMID: 35003068 PMCID: PMC8732378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and bone erosion. The exact mechanism of RA is still unknown, but various immune cytokines, signaling pathways and effector cells are involved. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are commonly used in RA treatment and classified into different categories. Nevertheless, RA treatment is based on a "trial-and-error" approach, and a substantial proportion of patients show failed therapy for each DMARD. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made to overcome treatment failure, including identification of biomarkers, exploration of the reasons for loss of efficacy, development of sequential or combinational DMARDs strategies and approval of new DMARDs. Here, we summarize these efforts, which would provide valuable insights for accurate RA clinical medication. While gratifying, researchers realize that these efforts are still far from enough to recommend specific DMARDs for individual patients. Precision medicine is an emerging medical model that proposes a highly individualized and tailored approach for disease management. In this review, we also discuss the potential of precision medicine for overcoming RA treatment failure, with the introduction of various cutting-edge technologies and big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqian Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duoli Xie
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine as privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry: An extensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113867. [PMID: 34607244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine scaffold represents an important class of heterocyclic nucleus which provides various bioactives molecules. Among them, the successful kinase inhibitor ponatinib led to a resurgence of interest in exploring new imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-containing derivatives for their putative therapeutic applications in medicine. This present review intends to provide a state-of-the-art of this framework in medicinal chemistry from 1966 to nowadays, unveiling different aspects of its structure-activity relationships (SAR). This extensive literature surveil may guide medicinal chemists for the quest of novel imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine compounds with enhanced pharmacokinetics profile and efficiency.
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89
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Keretsu S, Ghosh S, Cho SJ. Computer aided designing of novel pyrrolopyridine derivatives as JAK1 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23051. [PMID: 34845259 PMCID: PMC8630053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor kinases that play a key role in cytokine signaling and their aberrant activities are associated with the pathogenesis of various immune diseases. The JAK1 isoform plays an essential role in the types 1 and II interferon signaling and elicits signals from the interleukin-2, interleukin-4, gp130, and class 2 receptor families. It is ubiquitously expressed in humans and its overexpression has been linked with autoimmune diseases such as myeloproliferative neoplasm. Although JAK1 inhibitors such as Tofacitinib have been approved for medical use, the low potency and off-target effects of these inhibitors have limited their use and calls for the development of novel JAK1 inhibitors. In this study, we used computational methods on a series of pyrrolopyridine derivatives to design new JAK1 inhibitors. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to study the protein-inhibitor interactions. 3D-quantitative structure–activity relationship models were developed and were used to predict the activity of newly designed compounds. Free energy calculation methods were used to study the binding affinity of the inhibitors with JAK1. Of the designed compounds, seventeen of the compounds showed a higher binding energy value than the most active compound in the dataset and at least six of the compounds showed higher binding energy value than the pan JAK inhibitor Tofacitinib. The findings made in this study could be utilized for the further development of JAK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Asemota U, Greenberg S, Gulati A, Kumar K, Janga K. Tofacitinib-Induced Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis With Crescentic Glomerulonephritis. Cureus 2021; 13:e18663. [PMID: 34790443 PMCID: PMC8583358 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) vasculitis is common after the age of 50 years but it can occur at any age. There is a slight male preponderance and it is more common in Whites than Blacks but the black race confers a worse prognosis. The clinical features of ANCA vasculitis vary considerably. The manifestation of the disease depends on the organs affected, the chronicity of the disease, and how quiescent it is. Non-specific symptoms of malaise, fatigue, fever, and weight loss are common. Crescentic glomerulonephritis with focal necrosis is usually the pathology underlying renal disease. Manifestations of renal disease include hematuria and proteinuria which may progress to renal failure. We present a case of a 75-year-old female who presented with acute worsening of renal function and nephrotic-range proteinuria with positive testing for p-ANCA after the recent commencement of treatment with tofacitinib. This prompted a suspicion of ANCA-vasculitis. The patient was started on pulse dose steroids and rituximab after kidney biopsy confirmation of ANCA-vasculitis with crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit Gulati
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Kalyana Janga
- Nephrology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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91
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Zocchi ML, Facchin F, Pagani A, Bonino C, Sbarbati A, Conti G, Vindigni V, Bassetto F. New perspectives in regenerative medicine and surgery: the bioactive composite therapies (BACTs). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2021; 45:1-25. [PMID: 34728900 PMCID: PMC8554210 DOI: 10.1007/s00238-021-01874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and surgery is a rapidly expanding branch of translational research in tissue engineering, cellular and molecular biology. To date, the methods to improve cell intake, survival, and isolation need to comply with a complex and still unclear regulatory frame, becoming everyday more restrictive and often limiting the effectiveness and outcome of the therapeutic choices. Thus, the authors developed a novel 360° regenerative strategy based on the synergic action of several new components called the bioactive composite therapies (BACTs) to improve grafted cells intake, and survival in total compliance with the legal and ethical limits of the current regulatory frame. The rationale at the origin of this new technology is based on the evidence that cells need supportive substrate to survive in vitro and this observation, applying the concept of translational medicine, is true also in vivo. Bioactive composite mixtures (BACMs) are tailor-made bioactive mixtures containing several bioactive components that support cells' survival and induce a regenerative response in vivo by stimulating the recipient site to act as an in situ real bioreactor. Many different tissues have been used in the past for the isolation of cells, molecules, and growth factors, but the adipose tissue and its stromal vascular fraction (SVF) remains the most valuable, abundant, safe, and reliable source of regenerative components and particularly of adipose-derived stems cells (ADSCs). The role of plastic surgeons as the historical experts in all the most advanced techniques for harvesting, manipulating, and grafting adipose tissue is fundamental in this constant process of expansion of regenerative procedures. In this article, we analyze the main causes of cell death and the strategies for preventing it, and we present all the technical steps for preparing the main components of BACMs and the different mixing modalities to obtain the most efficient regenerative action on different clinical and pathological conditions. The second section of this work is dedicated to the logical and sequential evolution from simple bioactive composite grafts (BACGs) that distinguished our initial approach to regenerative medicine, to BACTs where many other fundamental technical steps are analyzed and integrated for supporting and enhancing the most efficient regenerative activity. Level of Evidence: Not gradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Zocchi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Remix Institute for Regenerative Surgery, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Facchin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagani
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bonino
- Department of Rheumatology and Immune Diseases, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giamaica Conti
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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92
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111592. [PMID: 34769021 PMCID: PMC8584240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and can serve as a promising tool in stem cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that deteriorates quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanism of RA pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs and biological agents are being applied in clinical practice. However, long-term use of these drugs causes side effects, and some RA patients may acquire resistance to these drugs. In this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy is considered as a promising approach in RA treatment. In this study, we review conventional and modern treatment approaches, such as MSC-based therapy through the understanding of the link between MSCs and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, we discuss recent achievements in preclinical and clinical studies as well as various strategies for the enhancement of MSC immunoregulatory properties.
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93
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Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Therapy of Psoriasis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194307. [PMID: 34640327 PMCID: PMC8509829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases inhibitors are molecules that target Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT). They inhibit this intracellular signal pathway, blocking the gene transcription of crucial proinflammatory cytokines that play a central role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. This process reduces psoriatic inflammation. The JAK inhibitors are divided into two generations. The first generation of JAK inhibitors blocks two or more different Janus kinases. The second generation is more specified and blocks only one type of Janus kinase and has less side effects than the first generation. Tofacitinib, ruxolitinib and baricitinib belong to first generation JAK inhibitors and decernotinib and filgotinib belong to second group. This narrative review summarizes the role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the therapy of psoriasis. Oral JAK inhibitors show promise for efficacy and safety in the treatment of psoriasis. Studies to date do not indicate that JAK inhibitors are superior to recent biologic drugs in terms of efficacy. However, JAK inhibitors, due to their lack of increased incidence of side effects compared to other biologic drugs, can be included in the psoriasis treatment algorithm because they are orally taken. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to evaluate long-term treatment effects with these drugs.
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94
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Tammam SN, El Safy S, Ramadan S, Arjune S, Krakor E, Mathur S. Repurpose but also (nano)-reformulate! The potential role of nanomedicine in the battle against SARS-CoV2. J Control Release 2021; 337:258-284. [PMID: 34293319 PMCID: PMC8289726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise. To date, a worldwide approved treatment remains lacking and hence in the context of rapid viral spread and the growing need for rapid action, drug repurposing has emerged as one of the frontline strategies in the battle against SARS-CoV2. Repurposed drugs currently being evaluated against COVID-19 either tackle the replication and spread of SARS-CoV2 or they aim at controlling hyper-inflammation and the rampaged immune response in severe disease. In both cases, the target for such drugs resides in the lungs, at least during the period where treatment could still provide substantial clinical benefit to the patient. Yet, most of these drugs are administered systemically, questioning the percentage of administered drug that actually reaches the lung and as a consequence, the distribution of the remainder of the dose to off target sites. Inhalation therapy should allow higher concentrations of the drug in the lungs and lower concentrations systemically, hence providing a stronger, more localized action, with reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the nano-reformulation of the repurposed drugs for inhalation is a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to lungs. In this review, we critically analyze, what nanomedicine could and ought to do in the battle against SARS-CoV2. We start by a brief description of SARS-CoV2 structure and pathogenicity and move on to discuss the current limitations of repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs that are being clinically investigated against COVID-19. This account focuses on how nanomedicine could address limitations of current therapeutics, enhancing the efficacy, specificity and safety of such drugs. With the appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV2 and the potential implication on the efficacy of vaccines and diagnostics, the presence of an effective therapeutic solution is inevitable and could be potentially achieved via nano-reformulation. The presence of an inhaled nano-platform capable of delivering antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs should be available as part of the repertoire in the fight against current and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma N. Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author
| | - Sara El Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sita Arjune
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Krakor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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95
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Chang CK, Chen PK, Chen CC, Chang SH, Chen CH, Chen DY. Increased Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and DHA Are Linked to Pain Reduction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Janus Kinase Inhibitors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093050. [PMID: 34578928 PMCID: PMC8465317 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) could reduce patient-reported pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we examined lipid metabolites change in JAKi-treated patients and evaluate their association with pain reduction. We used 1H-NMR-based lipid/metabolomics to determine serum levels of lipid metabolites at baseline and week 24 of treatment. Serum levels of significant lipid metabolites were replicated by ELISA in 24 JAKi-treated and 12 tocilizumab-treated patients. Pain was evaluated with patients’ assessment on a 0–100 mm VAS, and disease activity assessed using DAS28. JAKi or tocilizumab therapy significantly reduced disease activity. Acceptable pain (VAS pain ≤20) at week 24 was observed in 66.7% of JAKi-treated patients, and pain decrement was greater than tocilizumab-treated patients (ΔVAS pain 70.0 vs. 52.5, p = 0.0595). Levels of omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were increased in JAKi-treated patients (median 0.55 mmol/L versus 0.71 mmol/L, p = 0.0005; 0.29 mmol/L versus 0.35 mmol/L, p = 0.0004; respectively), which were not observed in tocilizumab-treated patients. ELISA results showed increased DHA levels in JAKi-treated patients with acceptable pain (44.30 µg/mL versus 45.61 µg/mL, p = 0.028). A significant association of pain decrement with DHA change, not with DAS28 change, was seen in JAKi-treated patients. The pain reduction effect of JAKi probably links to increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kun Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-K.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-K.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-K.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-K.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 4666); Fax: 886-4-22073812
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96
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Zhou YW, Xie Y, Tang LS, Pu D, Zhu YJ, Liu JY, Ma XL. Therapeutic targets and interventional strategies in COVID-19: mechanisms and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:317. [PMID: 34446699 PMCID: PMC8390046 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the limitations of the present efforts on drug discovery against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the lack of the understanding of the biological regulation mechanisms underlying COVID-19, alternative or novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment are still urgently required. SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity dysfunction are the two main courses driving the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Both the virus and host factors are potential targets for antiviral therapy. Hence, in this study, the current therapeutic strategies of COVID-19 have been classified into "target virus" and "target host" categories. Repurposing drugs, emerging approaches, and promising potential targets are the implementations of the above two strategies. First, a comprehensive review of the highly acclaimed old drugs was performed according to evidence-based medicine to provide recommendations for clinicians. Additionally, their unavailability in the fight against COVID-19 was analyzed. Next, a profound analysis of the emerging approaches was conducted, particularly all licensed vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) enrolled in clinical trials against primary SARS-CoV-2 and mutant strains. Furthermore, the pros and cons of the present licensed vaccines were compared from different perspectives. Finally, the most promising potential targets were reviewed, and the update of the progress of treatments has been summarized based on these reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Dermatovenerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian-Sha Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xue-Lei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Panzera N, Grazia N, Di Vito Nolfi M, Di Francesco B, Navarini L, Maurizi A, Rucci N, Teti AM, Zazzeroni F, Guggino G, Ciccia F, Dolo V, Alesse E, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R. Blocking Jak/STAT signalling using tofacitinib inhibits angiogenesis in experimental arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:213. [PMID: 34391476 PMCID: PMC8364029 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the angiogenic processes, occurring with pannus-formation, may be a therapeutic target. JAK/STAT-pathway may play a role and the aim of this work was to investigate the inhibiting role of a JAK-inhibitor, tofacitinib, on the angiogenic mechanisms occurring during RA. METHODS After ethical approval, JAK-1, JAK-3, STAT-1, STAT-3 and VEGF expression was evaluated on RA-synovial-tissues. In vitro, endothelial cells (ECs), stimulated with 20 ng/ml of VEGF and/or 1 μM of tofacitinib, were assessed for tube formation, migration and proliferation, by Matrigel, Boyden chamber assay and ki67 gene-expression. In vivo, 32 mice received collagen (collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)) and 32 mice PBS (control). At day 19, CIA and controls mice were divided: 16 mice receiving vehicle and 16 mice receiving tofacitinib. At day 35, the arthritis score, the thickness of paw joints and the serum levels of VEGF and Ang-2 were evaluated. RESULTS The expression of JAK-1, JAK-3, STAT-1, STAT-3 and VEGF in synovial tissue of RA-patients were significantly higher than healthy controls. In vitro, tofacitinib inhibited the ECs ability to form vessels, to proliferate and to migrate. In vivo, administration of tofacitinib prevented the increase of the arthritis score, the paw thickness, the synovial vessels and VEGF and Ang-2 serum-accumulation, when compared to CIA without tofacitinib. CONCLUSIONS We explored the anti-angiogenic role of tofacitinib, reporting its ability to inhibit in vitro the angiogenic mechanisms of ECs and in vivo the formation of new synovial vessels, occurring in CIA model. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of tofacitinib during RA may be also related to its anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Benedetto
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Noemi Panzera
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicolò Grazia
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Francesco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
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98
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Wüstenberg R, Christner M, Schmiedel S, Tariparast A, Wichmann D, Lennartz M, Klose H, Kluge S. [Puzzling B symptoms in a 61-year-old patient under treatment for rheumatoid arthritis]. Internist (Berl) 2021; 62:1231-1236. [PMID: 34251468 PMCID: PMC8556203 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ein Patient mit rheumatoider Arthritis sowie B‑Symptomatik, Polyneuropathie und einschmelzenden Lungenveränderungen unter Immunsuppression entwickelte nach zunächst subakutem Verlauf rasch progrediente zentrale neurologische Symptome und ein letales Multiorganversagen. Als ursächlich erwies sich eine disseminierte Infektion mit Histoplasma capsulatum unter Beteiligung des zentralen Nervensystems. Die Erstinfektion hatte sich fünf Jahre zuvor bei einem Karibikurlaub ereignet. Die Kombination aus Reiseaktivität und Immunsuppression erfordert die Berücksichtigung sonst in Deutschland sehr seltener infektiologischer Diagnosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wüstenberg
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - M Christner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - S Schmiedel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Sektion Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - A Tariparast
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - D Wichmann
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Lennartz
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - H Klose
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - S Kluge
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
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99
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Devaprasad A, Radstake TRDJ, Pandit A. Integration of Immunome With Disease-Gene Network Reveals Common Cellular Mechanisms Between IMIDs and Drug Repurposing Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669400. [PMID: 34108969 PMCID: PMC8181425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Development and progression of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) involve intricate dysregulation of the disease-associated genes (DAGs) and their expressing immune cells. Identifying the crucial disease-associated cells (DACs) in IMIDs has been challenging due to the underlying complex molecular mechanism. Methods Using transcriptome profiles of 40 different immune cells, unsupervised machine learning, and disease-gene networks, we constructed the Disease-gene IMmune cell Expression (DIME) network and identified top DACs and DAGs of 12 phenotypically different IMIDs. We compared the DIME networks of IMIDs to identify common pathways between them. We used the common pathways and publicly available drug-gene network to identify promising drug repurposing targets. Results We found CD4+Treg, CD4+Th1, and NK cells as top DACs in inflammatory arthritis such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); neutrophils, granulocytes, and BDCA1+CD14+ cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleroderma; ILC2, CD4+Th1, CD4+Treg, and NK cells in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We identified lymphoid cells (CD4+Th1, CD4+Treg, and NK) and their associated pathways to be important in HLA-B27 type diseases (psoriasis, AS, and IBDs) and in primary-joint-inflammation-based inflammatory arthritis (AS and RA). Based on the common cellular mechanisms, we identified lifitegrast as a potential drug repurposing candidate for Crohn's disease and other IMIDs. Conclusions Existing methods are inadequate in capturing the intricate involvement of the crucial genes and cell types essential to IMIDs. Our approach identified the key DACs, DAGs, common mechanisms between IMIDs, and proposed potential drug repurposing targets using the DIME network. To extend our method to other diseases, we built the DIME tool (https://bitbucket.org/systemsimmunology/dime/) to help scientists uncover the etiology of complex and rare diseases to further drug development by better-determining drug targets, thereby mitigating the risk of failure in late clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Devaprasad
- Division Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R. D. J. Radstake
- Division Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Division Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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100
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Li J, Li L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Hu P, Xu Z, Liu F, Liang Q, Tian X, Huang C. Systematic investigation on the anti-rheumatoid arthritis material basis and mechanism of Juan Bi Tang. Part 1: Integrating metabolic profiles and network pharmacology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 202:114133. [PMID: 34051482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our cooperative team confirmed the chemical composition and anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) efficacy of Juanbi-Tang (JBT), a clinically and historically used traditional Chinese medicine formula, in two model animals. In this study, we developed an in vivo-in silico strategy to elucidate the anti-RA material basis and mechanism of JBT. With the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF), the metabolic profiles were investigated in normal and collagen-induced arthritis RA rats following oral administration of JBT. Based on the absorbed constituents in RA rats, network pharmacology was employed to predict the anti-RA mechanisms, followed by molecular docking validation. Consequently, there were 18 absorbed compounds with 6 chemical structures, which were absolutely identified by matching with standard compounds in plasma, and 17 generated metabolites involved of 7 biotransformation pathways, including glucuronidation, sulfation, hydroxylation, deglycosylation, methylation, taurine, and glycine conjugation. Moreover, RA disease affected the absorption and metabolism of the constituents in JBT, given the undetected 2 absorbed compounds and 4 metabolites in RA rats. The analysis of network pharmacology indicated that those absorbed compounds in JBT may fight against RA through the MAPK, FoxO, and Rap1 pathways. Molecular docking also validated these results. Overall, this is the first study to describe the metabolic profiles of JBT-treated healthy and RA rats, and it provides a possible anti-RA mechanism through multiple absorbed compounds and targets by network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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