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Enhancer dependence of cell-type-specific gene expression increases with developmental age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21450-21458. [PMID: 32817427 PMCID: PMC7474592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008672117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory logic reflects the occupancy of cis elements by transcription factors and the configuration of promoters and enhancers. As the majority of genome-wide analyses have focused on adult cells, scant attention has been paid to embryonic cells, other than embryonic stem cells. Focusing on genome-wide comparative analyses of two stages of erythroblasts, we discovered that regulation of embryonic-specific genes is promoter-centric through Gata1, whereas adult-specific control is combinatorial enhancer-driven and requires Myb, which is confirmed by increased enhancer–promoter interactions of adult specific genes. Extending genome-wide comparative analyses more broadly to available datasets of diverse mouse and human cells and tissues, we conclude that the progressively increased enhancer dependence of cell-type–specific genes with developmental age is conserved during development. How overall principles of cell-type–specific gene regulation (the “logic”) may change during ontogeny is largely unexplored. We compared transcriptomic, epigenomic, and three-dimensional (3D) genomic profiles in embryonic (EryP) and adult (EryD) erythroblasts. Despite reduced chromatin accessibility compared to EryP, distal chromatin of EryD is enriched in H3K27ac, Gata1, and Myb occupancy. EryP-/EryD-shared enhancers are highly correlated with red blood cell identity genes, whereas cell-type–specific regulation employs different cis elements in EryP and EryD cells. In contrast to EryP-specific genes, which exhibit promoter-centric regulation through Gata1, EryD-specific genes rely more on distal enhancers for regulation involving Myb-mediated enhancer activation. Gata1 HiChIP demonstrated an overall increased enhancer–promoter interactions at EryD-specific genes, whereas genome editing in selected loci confirmed distal enhancers are required for gene expression in EryD but not in EryP. Applying a metric for enhancer dependence of transcription, we observed a progressive reliance on cell-specific enhancers with increasing ontogenetic age among diverse tissues of mouse and human origin. Our findings highlight fundamental and conserved differences at distinct developmental stages, characterized by simpler promoter-centric regulation of cell-type–specific genes in embryonic cells and increased combinatorial enhancer-driven control in adult cells.
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Benoist L, Corre E, Bernay B, Henry J, Zatylny-Gaudin C. -Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3072-3087. [PMID: 32643382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cephalopods, like other protostomes, lack an adaptive immune system and only rely on an innate immune system. The main immune cells are haemocytes (Hcts), which are able to respond to pathogens and external attacks. First reports based on morphological observations revealed that the white body (WB) located in the optic sinuses of cuttlefish was the origin of Hcts. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified several factors known to be involved in haematopoiesis in vertebrate species in cuttlefish WB. Among these factors, members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were identified, some of them for the first time in a molluscan transcriptome and proteome. Immune factors, such as members of the Toll/NF-κB signaling pathway, pattern recognition proteins and receptors, and members of the oxidative stress responses, were also identified, and support an immune role of the WB. Both transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the WB harbors an intense metabolism concurrent with the haematopoietic function. Finally, a comparative analysis of the WB and Hct proteomes revealed many proteins in common, confirming previous morphological studies on the origin of Hcts in cuttlefish. This molecular work demonstrates that the WB is multifunctional and provides bases for haematopoiesis regulation in cuttlefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Benoist
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Plateforme ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff (CNRS-Sorbonne Université), 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme PROTEOGEN, SF 4206 ICORE, Normandie université, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Joel Henry
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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53
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Soares-da-Silva F, Peixoto M, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Crosstalk Between the Hepatic and Hematopoietic Systems During Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32793589 PMCID: PMC7387668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generated during embryonic development are able to maintain hematopoiesis for the lifetime, producing all mature blood lineages. HSC transplantation is a widely used cell therapy intervention in the treatment of hematologic, autoimmune and genetic disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs ex vivo, urging for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating their physiological expansion. In the adult, HSCs reside in the bone marrow, in specific microenvironments that support stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Conversely, while developing, HSCs are transiently present in the fetal liver, the major hematopoietic site in the embryo, where they expand. Deeper insights on the dynamics of fetal liver composition along development, and on how these different cell types impact hematopoiesis, are needed. Both, the hematopoietic and hepatic fetal systems have been extensively studied, albeit independently. This review aims to explore their concurrent establishment and evaluate to what degree they may cross modulate their respective development. As insights on the molecular networks that govern physiological HSC expansion accumulate, it is foreseeable that strategies to enhance HSC proliferation will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Márcia Peixoto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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54
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Shikatani EA, Besla R, Ensan S, Upadhye A, Khyzha N, Li A, Emoto T, Chiu F, Degousee N, Moreau JM, Perry HM, Thayaparan D, Cheng HS, Pacheco S, Smyth D, Noyan H, Zavitz CCJ, Bauer CMT, Hilgendorf I, Libby P, Swirski FK, Gommerman JL, Fish JE, Stampfli MR, Cybulsky MI, Rubin BB, Paige CJ, Bender TP, McNamara CA, Husain M, Robbins CS. c-Myb Exacerbates Atherosclerosis through Regulation of Protective IgM-Producing Antibody-Secreting Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2304-2312.e6. [PMID: 31116977 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that govern transcriptional regulation of inflammation in atherosclerosis remain largely unknown. Here, we identify the nuclear transcription factor c-Myb as an important mediator of atherosclerotic disease in mice. Atherosclerosis-prone animals fed a diet high in cholesterol exhibit increased levels of c-Myb in the bone marrow. Use of mice that either harbor a c-Myb hypomorphic allele or where c-Myb has been preferentially deleted in B cell lineages revealed that c-Myb potentiates atherosclerosis directly through its effects on B lymphocytes. Reduced c-Myb activity prevents the expansion of atherogenic B2 cells yet associates with increased numbers of IgM-producing antibody-secreting cells (IgM-ASCs) and elevated levels of atheroprotective oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-specific IgM antibodies. Transcriptional profiling revealed that c-Myb has a limited effect on B cell function but is integral in maintaining B cell progenitor populations in the bone marrow. Thus, targeted disruption of c-Myb beneficially modulates the complex biology of B cells in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shikatani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada.
| | - Sherine Ensan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Division of Cardiology, Robert Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nadiya Khyzha
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Angela Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Takuo Emoto
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Felix Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Norbert Degousee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Heather M Perry
- Division of Cardiology, Robert Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danya Thayaparan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S148, Canada
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Shaun Pacheco
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - David Smyth
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Caleb C J Zavitz
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Carla M T Bauer
- Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Inflammation, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S148, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Barry B Rubin
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher J Paige
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Division of Cardiology, Robert Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Division of Cardiology, Robert Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G2M9, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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55
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TALEN-mediated biallelic inactivation of MYB in human embryonic stem cell lines WAe001-A-45 and WAe001-A-46. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101854. [PMID: 32526676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB/c-MYB is a proto-oncogene encoding a helix-turn-helix transcription factor that plays a critical role in controlling proliferation and multilineage differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. Deregulation of MYB expression is associated with several types of leukemias and lymphomas. In an attempt to explore the role of the gene in the early human hematopoiesis, we have achieved bi-allelic targeting of MYB in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by TALEN-mediated homologous recombination. Furthermore, the gene targeting introduced eYFP Venus reporter gene into the MYB locus to delineate the expression pattern of MYB. The resulting two cell lines, WAe001-A-45 and WAe001-A-46, passed the standard assays for human pluripotent stem cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of these cell lines provides a model to study the role of MYB in human hematopoietic development.
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56
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Lin HH, Lo YL, Wang WC, Huang KY, I KY, Chang GW. Overexpression of FAM46A, a Non-canonical Poly(A) Polymerase, Promotes Hemin-Induced Hemoglobinization in K562 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:414. [PMID: 32528962 PMCID: PMC7264091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM46A belongs to the FAM46 subfamily of the nucleotidyltransferase-fold superfamily and is predicted to be a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase. FAM46A has been linked to several human disorders including retinitis pigmentosa, bone abnormality, cancer, and obesity. However, its molecular and functional characteristics are largely unknown. We herein report that FAM46A is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system and plays a role in hemin-induced hemoglobinization. FAM46A is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein modified by Tyr-phosphorylation only in the cytosol, where it is closely associated with ER. On the other hand, it is located proximal to the chromatin regions of active transcription in the nucleus. FAM46A is a cell cycle-dependent poly-ubiquitinated short-lived protein degraded mostly by proteasome and its overexpression inhibits cell growth and promotes hemin-induced hemoglobinization in K562 cell. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirm the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase activity of FAM46A is essential for enhanced hemin-induced hemoglobinization. In summary, FAM46A is a novel poly(A) polymerase that functions as a critical intracellular modulator of hemoglobinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yeh Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu I
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Wen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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57
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Schwaller J. Learning from mouse models of MLL fusion gene-driven acute leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194550. [PMID: 32320749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
5-10% of human acute leukemias carry chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene that result in the expression of chimeric protein fusing MLL to >80 different partners of which AF4, ENL and AF9 are the most prevalent. In contrast to many other leukemia-associated mutations, several MLL-fusions are powerful oncogenes that transform hematopoietic stem cells but also more committed progenitor cells. Here, I review different approaches that were used to express MLL fusions in the murine hematopoietic system which often, but not always, resulted in highly penetrant and transplantable leukemias that closely phenocopied the human disease. Due to its simple and reliable nature, reconstitution of irradiated mice with bone marrow cells retrovirally expressing the MLL-AF9 fusion became the most frequently in vivo model to study the biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). I review some of the most influential studies that used this model to dissect critical protein interactions, the impact of epigenetic regulators, microRNAs and microenvironment-dependent signals for MLL fusion-driven leukemia. In addition, I highlight studies that used this model for shRNA- or genome editing-based screens for cellular vulnerabilities that allowed to identify novel therapeutic targets of which some entered clinical trials. Finally, I discuss some inherent characteristics of the widely used mouse model based on retroviral expression of the MLL-AF9 fusion that can limit general conclusions for the biology of AML. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The MLL family of proteins in normal development and disease edited by Thomas A Milne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Beider Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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58
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Márquez-Ropero M, Benito E, Plaza-Zabala A, Sierra A. Microglial Corpse Clearance: Lessons From Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:506. [PMID: 32292406 PMCID: PMC7135884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. To prevent garbage buildup, the brain is equipped with efficient phagocytes: the microglia. Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. In summary, we will show that neuroimmunologists can learn many lessons from the well-developed field of macrophage phagocytosis biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Márquez-Ropero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Parque Científico, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Eva Benito
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Parque Científico, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Parque Científico, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Parque Científico, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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59
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Brioschi S, Zhou Y, Colonna M. Brain Parenchymal and Extraparenchymal Macrophages in Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:294-305. [PMID: 31907272 PMCID: PMC7034672 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are parenchymal macrophages of the CNS; as professional phagocytes they are important for maintenance of the brain's physiology. These cells are generated through primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac and migrate into the brain rudiment after establishment of embryonic circulation. Thereafter, microglia develop in a stepwise fashion, reaching complete maturity after birth. In the CNS, microglia self-renew without input from blood monocytes. Recent RNA-sequencing studies have defined a molecular signature for microglia under homeostasis. However, during disease, microglia undergo remarkable phenotypic changes, which reflect the acquisition of specialized functions tailored to the pathological context. In addition to microglia, the brain-border regions host populations of extraparenchymal macrophages with disparate origins and phenotypes that have recently been delineated. In this review we outline recent findings that provide a deeper understanding of both parenchymal microglia and extraparenchymal brain macrophages in homeostasis and during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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60
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Salei N, Rambichler S, Salvermoser J, Papaioannou NE, Schuchert R, Pakalniškytė D, Li N, Marschner JA, Lichtnekert J, Stremmel C, Cernilogar FM, Salvermoser M, Walzog B, Straub T, Schotta G, Anders HJ, Schulz C, Schraml BU. The Kidney Contains Ontogenetically Distinct Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Subtypes throughout Development That Differ in Their Inflammatory Properties. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:257-278. [PMID: 31932472 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), including macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), are phagocytic cells with important roles in immunity. The developmental origin of kidney DCs has been highly debated because of the large phenotypic overlap between macrophages and DCs in this tissue. METHODS We used fate mapping, RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and histo-cytometry to assess the origin and phenotypic and functional properties of renal DCs in healthy kidney and of DCs after cisplatin and ischemia reperfusion-induced kidney injury. RESULTS Adult kidney contains at least four subsets of MPs with prominent Clec9a-expression history indicating a DC origin. We demonstrate that these populations are phenotypically, functionally, and transcriptionally distinct from each other. We also show these kidney MPs exhibit unique age-dependent developmental heterogeneity. Kidneys from newborn mice contain a prominent population of embryonic-derived MHCIInegF4/80hiCD11blow macrophages that express T cell Ig and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM-4) and MER receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK). These macrophages are replaced within a few weeks after birth by phenotypically similar cells that express MHCII but lack TIM-4 and MERTK. MHCII+F4/80hi cells exhibit prominent Clec9a-expression history in adulthood but not early life, indicating additional age-dependent developmental heterogeneity. In AKI, MHCIInegF4/80hi cells reappear in adult kidneys as a result of MHCII downregulation by resident MHCII+F4/80hi cells, possibly in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). RNA sequencing further suggests MHCII+F4/80hi cells help coordinate the recruitment of inflammatory cells during renal injury. CONCLUSIONS Distinct developmental programs contribute to renal DC and macrophage populations throughout life, which could have important implications for therapies targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Salei
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Stephan Rambichler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Johanna Salvermoser
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Nikos E Papaioannou
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Ronja Schuchert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I and.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung [German Center for Cardiovascular Research]), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Dalia Pakalniškytė
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Na Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen, China.,Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Lichtnekert
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Stremmel
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I and.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung [German Center for Cardiovascular Research]), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
| | | | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
| | | | - Gunnar Schotta
- Division of Molecular Biology.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I and.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung [German Center for Cardiovascular Research]), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, .,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
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61
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Li F, Okreglicka KM, Pohlmeier LM, Schneider C, Kopf M. Fetal monocytes possess increased metabolic capacity and replace primitive macrophages in tissue macrophage development. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103205. [PMID: 31894879 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (MΦTR ) originate from at least two distinct waves of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) arising in the yolk sac (YS) at E7.5 and E8.5 with the latter going through a liver monocyte intermediate. The relative potential of these precursors in determining development and functional capacity of MΦTR remains unclear. Here, we studied development of alveolar macrophages (AM) after single and competitive transplantation of different precursors from YS, fetal liver, and fetal lung into neonatal Csf2ra-/- mice, which lack endogenous AM. Fetal monocytes, promoted by Myb, outcompeted primitive MΦ (pMΦ) in empty AM niches and preferentially developed to mature AM, which is associated with enhanced mitochondrial respiratory and glycolytic capacity and repression of the transcription factors c-Maf and MafB. Interestingly, AM derived from pMΦ failed to efficiently clear alveolar proteinosis and protect from fatal lung failure following influenza virus infection. Thus, our data demonstrate superior developmental and functional capacity of fetal monocytes over pMΦ in AM development and underlying mechanisms explaining replacement of pMΦ in fetal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lea Maria Pohlmeier
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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62
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Mizuguchi A, Yamashita S, Yokogami K, Morishita K, Takeshima H. Ecotropic viral integration site 1 regulates EGFR transcription in glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:223-231. [PMID: 31617054 PMCID: PMC6856030 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) is a transcription factor that contributes to the unfavorable prognosis of leukemia, some epithelial cancers, and glial tumors. However, the biological function of EVI1 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. Based on microarray experiments, EVI1 has been reported to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transcription. Signal transduction via EGFR plays an essential role in glioblastoma. Therefore, we performed this study to clarify the importance of EVI1 in GBM by focusing on the regulatory mechanism between EVI1 and EGFR transcription. Methods We performed immunohistochemical staining and analyzed the EVI1-expression in glioma tissue. To determine the relationship between EVI1 and EGFR, we induced siRNA-mediated knockdown of EVI1 in GBM cell lines. To investigate the region that was essential for the EVI1 regulation of EGFR expression, we conducted promoter reporter assays. We performed WST-8 assay to investigate whether EVI1 affected on the proliferation of GBM cells or not. Results It was observed that 22% of GBM tissues had over 33% of tumor cells expressing EVI1, whereas no lower-grade glioma tissue had over 33% by immunohistochemistry. In A172 and YKG1 cells, the expression levels of EGFR and EVI1 correlated. Analysis of the EGFR promoter region revealed that the EGFR promoter (from − 377 to − 266 bp) was essential for the EVI regulation of EGFR expression. We showed that EVI1 influenced the proliferation of A172 and YKG1 cells. Conclusion This is the first study reporting the regulation of EGFR transcription by EVI1 in GBM cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-019-03310-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Mizuguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Kihara, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 889-1601, Japan.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Kihara, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yokogami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Kihara, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Department of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Kihara, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 889-1601, Japan
| | - Hideo Takeshima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Kihara, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, 889-1601, Japan
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63
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Protective Effect and Mechanisms of New Gelatin on Chemotherapy-Induced Hematopoietic Injury Zebrafish Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8918943. [PMID: 31531120 PMCID: PMC6721477 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8918943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the protective effect of new gelatin (NG, Xin'ejiao in China) on hematopoietic injury caused by chemotherapy. Zebrafish, at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf), was treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs to establish the zebrafish hematopoietic damage model with reduced thrombocytes and erythrocytes. The protecting effects of NG on the thrombocytes and erythrocytes were observed, respectively, on zebrafish models. Then, the RT-PCR method was used to detect the change of mRNA level of the hematopoiesis-related cytokines scl1, c-myb, pu.1, GATA1, and runx1 genes. The results showed that 50 μg·mL−1 and 100 μg·mL−1 NG rescued and increased the thrombocytes numbers induced by vinorelbine (NVB) and chloramphenicol (CHL) and the erythrocytes numbers induced by methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (ADM), and mechlorethamine hydrochloride (MH) in zebrafish models. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of scl1, c-myb, and GATA1 genes in the NG treatment group was raised compared with the MTX treatment group. Also, the mRNA expression of pu.1 and Runx1 in the NG treatment group was reduced compared with the MTX treatment group. In consequence, traditional Chinese medicine NG showed a certain degree protective effect on hematopoiesis injury induced by chemotherapy in this study, which may depend on the promotion of erythrocytes proliferation and the regulation of the hematopoietic genes level.
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64
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Tracing the first hematopoietic stem cell generation in human embryo by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Res 2019; 29:881-894. [PMID: 31501518 PMCID: PMC6888893 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracing the emergence of the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human embryos, particularly the scarce and transient precursors thereof, is so far challenging, largely due to the technical limitations and the material rarity. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed the first genome-scale gene expression landscape covering the entire course of endothelial-to-HSC transition during human embryogenesis. The transcriptomically defined HSC-primed hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) were captured at Carnegie stage (CS) 12–14 in an unbiased way, showing an unambiguous feature of arterial endothelial cells (ECs) with the up-regulation of RUNX1, MYB and ANGPT1. Importantly, subcategorizing CD34+CD45− ECs into a CD44+ population strikingly enriched HECs by over 10-fold. We further mapped the developmental path from arterial ECs via HSC-primed HECs to hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, and revealed a distinct expression pattern of genes that were transiently over-represented upon the hemogenic fate choice of arterial ECs, including EMCN, PROCR and RUNX1T1. We also uncovered another temporally and molecularly distinct intra-embryonic HEC population, which was detected mainly at earlier CS 10 and lacked the arterial feature. Finally, we revealed the cellular components of the putative aortic niche and potential cellular interactions acting on the HSC-primed HECs. The cellular and molecular programs that underlie the generation of the first HSCs from HECs in human embryos, together with the ability to distinguish the HSC-primed HECs from others, will shed light on the strategies for the production of clinically useful HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
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65
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Yokomizo T, Watanabe N, Umemoto T, Matsuo J, Harai R, Kihara Y, Nakamura E, Tada N, Sato T, Takaku T, Shimono A, Takizawa H, Nakagata N, Mori S, Kurokawa M, Tenen DG, Osato M, Suda T, Komatsu N. Hlf marks the developmental pathway for hematopoietic stem cells but not for erythro-myeloid progenitors. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1599-1614. [PMID: 31076455 PMCID: PMC6605751 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HSC-independent progenitors are generated from hemogenic endothelium. Yokomizo et al. show that Hlf expression distinguishes nascent HSCs from HSC-independent progenitors. HSC specification, regulated by the Evi-1/Hlf axis, is activated only within Hlf+ nascent hematopoietic clusters. Before the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), lineage-restricted progenitors, such as erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs), are detected in the embryo or in pluripotent stem cell cultures in vitro. Although both HSCs and EMPs are derived from hemogenic endothelium, it remains unclear how and when these two developmental programs are segregated during ontogeny. Here, we show that hepatic leukemia factor (Hlf) expression specifically marks a developmental continuum between HSC precursors and HSCs. Using the Hlf-tdTomato reporter mouse, we found that Hlf is expressed in intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters and fetal liver HSCs. In contrast, EMPs and yolk sac hematopoietic clusters before embryonic day 9.5 do not express Hlf. HSC specification, regulated by the Evi-1/Hlf axis, is activated only within Hlf+ nascent hematopoietic clusters. These results strongly suggest that HSCs and EMPs are generated from distinct cohorts of hemogenic endothelium. Selective induction of the Hlf+ lineage pathway may lead to the in vitro generation of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan .,Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryota Harai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kihara
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoiku Takaku
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shimono
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Nandakumar SK, McFarland SK, Mateyka LM, Lareau CA, Ulirsch JC, Ludwig LS, Agarwal G, Engreitz JM, Przychodzen B, McConkey M, Cowley GS, Doench JG, Maciejewski JP, Ebert BL, Root DE, Sankaran VG. Gene-centric functional dissection of human genetic variation uncovers regulators of hematopoiesis. eLife 2019; 8:44080. [PMID: 31070582 PMCID: PMC6534380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with human diseases and traits. However, the majority of GWAS-implicated variants are in non-coding regions of the genome and require in depth follow-up to identify target genes and decipher biological mechanisms. Here, rather than focusing on causal variants, we have undertaken a pooled loss-of-function screen in primary hematopoietic cells to interrogate 389 candidate genes contained in 75 loci associated with red blood cell traits. Using this approach, we identify 77 genes at 38 GWAS loci, with most loci harboring 1-2 candidate genes. Importantly, the hit set was strongly enriched for genes validated through orthogonal genetic approaches. Genes identified by this approach are enriched in specific and relevant biological pathways, allowing regulators of human erythropoiesis and modifiers of blood diseases to be defined. More generally, this functional screen provides a paradigm for gene-centric follow up of GWAS for a variety of human diseases and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nandakumar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sean K McFarland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura M Mateyka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Program in Biological and Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Program in Biological and Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Marie McConkey
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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67
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Kim M, Civin CI, Kingsbury TJ. MicroRNAs as regulators and effectors of hematopoietic transcription factors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 10:e1537. [PMID: 31007002 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly-regulated development process orchestrated by lineage-specific transcription factors that direct the generation of all mature blood cells types, including red blood cells, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Under homeostatic conditions, the hematopoietic system of the typical adult generates over 1011 blood cells daily throughout life. In addition, hematopoiesis must be responsive to acute challenges due to blood loss or infection. MicroRNAs (miRs) cooperate with transcription factors to regulate all aspects of hematopoiesis, including stem cell maintenance, lineage selection, cell expansion, and terminal differentiation. Distinct miR expression patterns are associated with specific hematopoietic lineages and stages of differentiation and functional analyses have elucidated essential roles for miRs in regulating cell transitions, lineage selection, maturation, and function. MiRs function as downstream effectors of hematopoietic transcription factors and as upstream regulators to control transcription factor levels. Multiple miRs have been shown to play essential roles. Regulatory networks comprised of differentially expressed lineage-specific miRs and hematopoietic transcription factors are involved in controlling the quiescence and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells as well as proliferation and differentiation of lineage-specific progenitor cells during erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis. This review focuses on hematopoietic miRs that function as upstream regulators of central hematopoietic transcription factors required for normal hematopoiesis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Curt I Civin
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tami J Kingsbury
- Department of Physiology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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68
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c-Myb regulates tumorigenic potential of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6342. [PMID: 31004084 PMCID: PMC6474878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are a heterogeneous group of mesodermal tumors, the most common sub-types are embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS) rhabdomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed c-Myb expression in both eRMS and aRMS. c-Myb has been reported to be often associated with malignant human cancers. We therefore investigated the c-Myb role in RMS using cellular models of RMS. Specific suppression of c-Myb by a lentiviral vector expressing doxycycline (Dox)-inducible c-Myb shRNA inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and migration of the eRMS cell line (RD), but not of the aRMS cell line (RH30). Upon c-Myb knockdown in eRMS cells, cells accumulated in G0/G1 phase, the invasive behaviour of cells was repressed, and elevated levels of myosin heavy chain, marker of muscle differentiation, was detected. Next, we used an RD-based xenograft model to investigate the role of c-Myb in eRMS tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that Dox administration did not result in efficient suppression of c-Myb in growing tumors. However, when c-Myb-deficient RD cells were implanted into SCID mice, we observed inefficient tumor grafting and attenuation of tumor growth during the initial stages of tumor expansion. The presented study suggests that c-Myb could be a therapeutic target in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma assuming that its expression is ablated.
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69
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Jacome-Galarza CE, Percin GI, Muller JT, Mass E, Lazarov T, Eitler J, Rauner M, Yadav VK, Crozet L, Bohm M, Loyher PL, Karsenty G, Waskow C, Geissmann F. Developmental origin, functional maintenance and genetic rescue of osteoclasts. Nature 2019; 568:541-545. [PMID: 30971820 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, ensuring development and continuous remodelling of the skeleton and the bone marrow haematopoietic niche. Defective osteoclast activity leads to osteopetrosis and bone marrow failure1-9, whereas excess activity can contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis10. Osteopetrosis can be partially treated by bone marrow transplantation in humans and mice11-18, consistent with a haematopoietic origin of osteoclasts13,16,19 and studies that suggest that they develop by fusion of monocytic precursors derived from haematopoietic stem cells in the presence of CSF1 and RANK ligand1,20. However, the developmental origin and lifespan of osteoclasts, and the mechanisms that ensure maintenance of osteoclast function throughout life in vivo remain largely unexplored. Here we report that osteoclasts that colonize fetal ossification centres originate from embryonic erythro-myeloid progenitors21,22. These erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived osteoclasts are required for normal bone development and tooth eruption. Yet, timely transfusion of haematopoietic-stem-cell-derived monocytic cells in newborn mice is sufficient to rescue bone development in early-onset autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. We also found that the postnatal maintenance of osteoclasts, bone mass and the bone marrow cavity involve iterative fusion of circulating blood monocytic cells with long-lived osteoclast syncytia. As a consequence, parabiosis or transfusion of monocytic cells results in long-term gene transfer in osteoclasts in the absence of haematopoietic-stem-cell chimerism, and can rescue an adult-onset osteopetrotic phenotype caused by cathepsin K deficiency23,24. In sum, our results identify the developmental origin of osteoclasts and a mechanism that controls their maintenance in bones after birth. These data suggest strategies to rescue osteoclast deficiency in osteopetrosis and to modulate osteoclast activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Jacome-Galarza
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gulce I Percin
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Dresden, Germany.,Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - James T Muller
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Mass
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Developmental Biology of the Innate Immune System, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiri Eitler
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucile Crozet
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Bohm
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Loyher
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Dresden, Germany. .,Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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70
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process by which mature blood and immune cells are produced from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HSPCs). The last several decades of research have shed light on the origin of HSCs, as well as the heterogeneous pools of fetal progenitors that contribute to lifelong hematopoiesis. The overarching concept that hematopoiesis occurs in dynamic, overlapping waves throughout development, with each wave contributing to both continuous and developmentally limited cell types, has been solidified over the years. However, recent advances in our ability to track the production of hematopoietic cells in vivo have challenged several long-held dogmas on the origin and persistence of distinct hematopoietic cell types. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in hematopoietic development and identify unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cool
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Program in Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
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Contribution of resident and recruited macrophages in vascular physiology and pathology. Curr Opin Hematol 2019; 25:196-203. [PMID: 29438258 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophages are generally believed to originate entirely from the bone marrow; however, this paradigm is challenged by the discovery of yolk-sac-derived resident macrophages. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the ontogeny and function of resident macrophages. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage precursors from three distinct embryonic sources (yolk sac, fetal liver and bone marrow) are found to colonize various tissues via the blood circulation early during embryogenesis until shortly after birth. They differentiate into distinct long-lived resident macrophages in response to the expression of tissue-specific transcription factors. Resident macrophages are proficient at taking up tissue-specific cellular debris and consequently acquire tissue-specific imprints. They are primarily involved in homeostasis but can also support the functionality of various tissues. Under pathological settings, dysregulation of resident macrophages can promote disease progression. SUMMARY Resident macrophages maintain themselves via in-situ proliferation under steady state. Following injury, bone marrow monocytes can contribute to the resident macrophage pool in adult animal. Embryonically and postnatally derived resident macrophages are similar but not identical: the former are more efficient at efferocytosis, whereas the latter are more competent at host defense. Thus, specific targeting of these two different resident macrophage populations may lead to better therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. The protein is frequently overexpressed in human leukemias, breast cancers, and other solid tumors suggesting that it is a bona fide oncogene. c-MYB is often overexpressed by translocation in human tumors with t(6;7)(q23;q34) resulting in c-MYB-TCRβ in T cell ALL, t(X;6)(p11;q23) with c-MYB-GATA1 in acute basophilic leukemia, and t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) with c-MYB-NF1B in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-MYB were developed to purge bone marrow cells to eliminate tumor cells in leukemias. Recently, small molecules that inhibit c-MYB activity have been developed to disrupt its interaction with p300. The Dmp1 (cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1; Dmtf1) gene was isolated through its virtue for binding to cyclin D2. It is a transcription factor that has a Myb-like repeat for DNA binding. The Dmtf1 protein directly binds to the Arf promoter for transactivation and physically interacts with p53 to activate the p53 pathway. The gene is hemizygously deleted in 35-42% of human cancers and is associated with longer survival. The significances of aberrant expression of c-MYB and DMTF1 proteins in human cancers and their clinical significances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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74
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RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Modification in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:75-93. [PMID: 31338816 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been shown recently to posttranscriptionally regulate expression of thousands of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts in each mammalian cell type in a dynamic and reversible manner. This epigenetic mark is deposited by the m6A methyltransferase complex (i.e., the METTL3/METTL14/WTAP complex and other cofactor proteins) and erased by m6A demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5. Specific recognition of these m6A-modified mRNAs by m6A-binding proteins (i.e., m6A readers) determines the fate of target mRNAs through affecting splicing, nuclear export, RNA stability, and/or translation. During the past few years, m6A modification has been demonstrated to play a critical role in many major normal bioprocesses including self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, tissue development, circadian rhythm, heat shock or DNA damage response, and sex determination. Thus, it is not surprising that dysregulation of the m6A machinery is also closely associated with pathogenesis and drug response of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss recent findings regarding the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of m6A modification and the associated machinery in normal hematopoiesis and the initiation, progression, and drug response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a major subtype of leukemia usually associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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75
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Listì F, Sclafani S, Agrigento V, Barone R, Maggio A, D'Alcamo E. Study on the Role of Polymorphisms of the SOX-6 and MYB Genes and Fetal Hemoglobin Levels in Sicilian Patients with β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease. Hemoglobin 2018; 42:103-107. [PMID: 30200835 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2018.1482832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hemoglobinopathies, as β-thalassemia (β-thal) and sickle cell disease, are the most common hereditary hemolytic anemias. The increase of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) levels can ameliorate the symptoms of hemoglobinopathies. There are several transcription factors such as MYB and SOX-6, which are involved in the regulation of Hb F. There are not enough studies investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SOX-6 and MYB genes and the variation of Hb F levels in patients affected by sickle cell disease and β-thal. We therefore decided to analyze the role of four missense variants of MYB and SOX-6 genes in the regulation of Hb F levels. In order to do so, we examinated 30 Sicilian patients affected by sickle cell disease and β-thal, to understand if these variants could also have an influence in our populations. Comparing two groups of patients with low and high levels of Hb F, we found no significant differences in the genetic distribution and allelic frequency of MYB and SOX-6 gene polymorphisms. We also created and compared a 'high producer' and 'low producer' genotype with different genes achieving the same result of no significant difference. Our results may be due either to the fact that the association between these genes and the regulation of Hb F levels are influenced by environmental history and population genetics, or to the small number of samples being analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Listì
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
| | - Serena Sclafani
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
| | - Veronica Agrigento
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
| | - Rita Barone
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
| | - Elena D'Alcamo
- a Ospedale V. Cervello, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Ematologia per le Malattie Rare del Sangue e degli Organi Ematopoietici , Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello , Palermo , Italia
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76
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de Smith AJ, Walsh KM, Francis SS, Zhang C, Hansen HM, Smirnov I, Morimoto L, Whitehead TP, Kang A, Shao X, Barcellos LF, McKean-Cowdin R, Zhang L, Fu C, Wang R, Yu H, Hoh J, Dewan AT, Metayer C, Ma X, Wiemels JL. BMI1 enhancer polymorphism underlies chromosome 10p12.31 association with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2647-2658. [PMID: 29923177 PMCID: PMC6235695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have identified regions of association at PIP4K2A and upstream of BMI1 at chromosome 10p12.31-12.2. The contribution of both loci to ALL risk and underlying functional variants remain to be elucidated. We carried out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) imputation across chromosome 10p12.31-12.2 in Latino and non-Latino white ALL cases and controls from two independent California childhood leukemia studies, and additional Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging study controls. Ethnicity-stratified association analyses were performed using logistic regression, with meta-analysis including 3,133 cases (1,949 Latino, 1,184 non-Latino white) and 12,135 controls (8,584 Latino, 3,551 non-Latino white). SNP associations were identified at both BMI1 and PIP4K2A. After adjusting for the lead PIP4K2A SNP, genome-wide significant associations remained at BMI1, and vice-versa (pmeta < 10-10 ), supporting independent effects. Lead SNPs differed by ethnicity at both peaks. We sought functional variants in tight linkage disequilibrium with both the lead Latino SNP among Admixed Americans and lead non-Latino white SNP among Europeans. This pinpointed rs11591377 (pmeta = 2.1 x 10-10 ) upstream of BMI1, residing within a hematopoietic stem cell enhancer of BMI1, and which showed significant preferential binding of the risk allele to MYBL2 (p = 1.73 x 10-5 ) and p300 (p = 1.55 x 10-3 ) transcription factors using binomial tests on ChIP-Seq data from a SNP heterozygote. At PIP4K2A, we identified rs4748812 (pmeta = 1.3 x 10-15 ), which alters a RUNX1 binding motif and demonstrated chromosomal looping to the PIP4K2A promoter. Fine-mapping chromosome 10p12 in a multi-ethnic ALL GWAS confirmed independent associations and identified putative functional variants upstream of BMI1 and at PIP4K2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stephen S. Francis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Chenan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Libby Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Todd P. Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alice Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lisa F. Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
| | - Luoping Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Cecilia Fu
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Josephine Hoh
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Andrew T. Dewan
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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77
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Mitra P. Transcription regulation of MYB: a potential and novel therapeutic target in cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:443. [PMID: 30596073 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Basal transcription factors have never been considered as a priority target in the field of drug discovery. However, their unparalleled roles in decoding the genetic information in response to the appropriate signal and their association with the disease progression are very well-established phenomena. Instead of considering transcription factors as such a target, in this review, we discuss about the potential of the regulatory mechanisms that control their gene expression. Based on our recent understanding about the critical roles of c-MYB at the cellular and molecular level in several types of cancers, we discuss here how MLL-fusion protein centred SEC in leukaemia, ligand-estrogen receptor (ER) complex in breast cancer (BC) and NF-κB and associated factors in colorectal cancer regulate the transcription of this gene. We further discuss plausible strategies, specific to each cancer type, to target those bona fide activators/co-activators, which control the regulation of this gene and therefore to shed fresh light in targeting the transcriptional regulation as a novel approach to the future drug discovery in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mitra
- Pre-clinical Division, Vaxxas Pty. Ltd. Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
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78
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Abstract
The MuvB transcriptional regulatory complex, which controls cell-cycle-dependent gene expression, cooperates with B-Myb to activate genes required for the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. We have identified the domain in B-Myb that is essential for the assembly of the Myb-MuvB (MMB) complex. We determined a crystal structure that reveals how this B-Myb domain binds MuvB through the adaptor protein LIN52 and the scaffold protein LIN9. The structure and biochemical analysis provide an understanding of how oncogenic B-Myb is recruited to regulate genes required for cell-cycle progression, and the MMB interface presents a potential therapeutic target to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
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79
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Mechanism of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis in mouse placenta. Placenta 2018; 69:140-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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80
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Wang X, Angelis N, Thein SL. MYB - A regulatory factor in hematopoiesis. Gene 2018; 665:6-17. [PMID: 29704633 PMCID: PMC10764194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MYB is a transcription factor which was identified in birds as a viral oncogene (v-MYB). Its cellular counterpart was subsequently isolated as c-MYB which has three functional domains - DNA binding domain, transactivation domain and negative regulatory domain. c-MYB is essential for survival, and deletion of both alleles of the gene results in embryonic death. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells, thymus and neural tissue, and required for T and B lymphocyte development and erythroid maturation. Additionally, aberrant MYB expression has been found in numerous solid cancer cells and human leukemia. Recent studies have also implicated c-MYB in the regulation of expression of fetal hemoglobin which is highly beneficial to the β-hemoglobinopathies (beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease). These findings suggest that MYB could be a potential therapeutic target in leukemia, and possibly also a target for therapeutic increase of fetal hemoglobin in the β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunde Wang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/NIH, Sickle Cell Branch, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nikolaos Angelis
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/NIH, Sickle Cell Branch, Bethesda, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/NIH, Sickle Cell Branch, Bethesda, USA.
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81
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Abstract
The yolk sac is the first observed site of hematopoiesis during mouse ontogeny. Primitive erythroid cells are the most well-recognized cell lineages produced from this tissue. In addition to primitive erythroid cells, several types of hematopoietic cells are present, including multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Yolk sac-derived blood cells constitute a transient wave of embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some macrophage and B cell lineages derived from the early yolk sac may persist to adulthood. This review discusses the cellular basis of mouse yolk sac hematopoiesis and its contributions to embryonic and adult hematopoietic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamane
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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82
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Gilmour J, Assi SA, Noailles L, Lichtinger M, Obier N, Bonifer C. The Co-operation of RUNX1 with LDB1, CDK9 and BRD4 Drives Transcription Factor Complex Relocation During Haematopoietic Specification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10410. [PMID: 29991720 PMCID: PMC6039467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic cells arise from endothelial cells within the dorsal aorta of the embryo via a process called the endothelial-haematopoietic transition (EHT). This process crucially depends on the transcription factor RUNX1 which rapidly activates the expression of genes essential for haematopoietic development. Using an inducible version of RUNX1 in a mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation model we showed that prior to the EHT, haematopoietic genes are primed by the binding of the transcription factor FLI1. Once expressed, RUNX1 relocates FLI1 towards its binding sites. However, the nature of the transcription factor assemblies recruited by RUNX1 to reshape the chromatin landscape and initiate mRNA synthesis are unclear. Here, we performed genome-wide analyses of RUNX1-dependent binding of factors associated with transcription elongation to address this question. We demonstrate that RUNX1 induction moves FLI1 from distal ETS/GATA sites to RUNX1/ETS sites and recruits the basal transcription factors CDK9, BRD4, the Mediator complex and the looping factor LDB1. Our study explains how the expression of a single transcription factor can drive rapid and replication independent transitions in cellular shape which are widely observed in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura Noailles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monika Lichtinger
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nadine Obier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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83
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Bolden JE, Lucas EC, Zhou G, O'Sullivan JA, de Graaf CA, McKenzie MD, Di Rago L, Baldwin TM, Shortt J, Alexander WS, Bochner BS, Ritchie ME, Hilton DJ, Fairfax KA. Identification of a Siglec-F+ granulocyte-macrophage progenitor. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:123-133. [PMID: 29645346 PMCID: PMC6320667 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma1217-475r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years multi-parameter flow cytometry has enabled identification of cells at major stages in myeloid development; from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, through populations with increasingly limited developmental potential (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors), to terminally differentiated mature cells. Myeloid progenitors are heterogeneous, and the surface markers that define transition states from progenitors to mature cells are poorly characterized. Siglec-F is a surface glycoprotein frequently used in combination with IL-5 receptor alpha (IL5Rα) for the identification of murine eosinophils. Here, we describe a CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- myeloid population in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. The CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- cells are retained in eosinophil deficient PHIL mice, and are not expanded upon overexpression of IL-5, indicating that they are upstream or independent of the eosinophil lineage. We show these cells to have GMP-like developmental potential in vitro and in vivo, and to be transcriptionally distinct from the classically described GMP population. The CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- population expands in the bone marrow of Myb mutant mice, which is potentially due to negative transcriptional regulation of Siglec-F by Myb. Lastly, we show that the role of Siglec-F may be, at least in part, to regulate GMP viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bolden
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geyu Zhou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolyn A de Graaf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark D McKenzie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A Fairfax
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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84
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He S, Chen J, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhu L, Jin W, Zhao C, Yu T, Wang T, Wu S, Lin X, Qu JY, Wen Z, Zhang W, Xu J. Adult zebrafish Langerhans cells arise from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. eLife 2018; 7:36131. [PMID: 29905527 PMCID: PMC6017808 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of Langerhans cells (LCs), which are skin epidermis-resident macrophages, remains unclear. Current lineage tracing of LCs largely relies on the promoter-Cre-LoxP system, which often gives rise to contradictory conclusions with different promoters. Thus, reinvestigation with an improved tracing method is necessary. Here, using a laser-mediated temporal-spatial resolved cell labeling method, we demonstrated that most adult LCs originated from the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (VDA), an equivalent to the mouse aorta, gonads, and mesonephros (AGM), where both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and non-HSC progenitors are generated. Further fine-fate mapping analysis revealed that the appearance of LCs in adult zebrafish was correlated with the development of HSCs, but not T cell progenitors. Finally, we showed that the appearance of tissue-resident macrophages in the brain, liver, heart, and gut of adult zebrafish was also correlated with HSCs. Thus, the results of our study challenged the EMP-origin theory for LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan Jin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changlong Zhao
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tienan Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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85
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Guerriero JL. Macrophages: The Road Less Traveled, Changing Anticancer Therapy. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:472-489. [PMID: 29655673 PMCID: PMC5927840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in all vertebrate tissues and have emerged as multifarious cells with complex roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. Macrophages are a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, where they either promote or inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis depending on their state. Successful preclinical strategies to target macrophages for anticancer therapy are now being evaluated in the clinic and provide proof of concept that targeting macrophages may enhance current therapies; however, clinical success has been limited. This review discusses the promise of targeting macrophages for anticancer therapy, yet highlights how much is unknown regarding their ontogeny, regulation, and tissue-specific diversity. Further work might identify subsets of macrophages within different tissues, which could reveal novel therapeutic opportunities for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Guerriero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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86
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Fahl SP, Daamen AR, Crittenden RB, Bender TP. c-Myb Coordinates Survival and the Expression of Genes That Are Critical for the Pre-BCR Checkpoint. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3450-3463. [PMID: 29654210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The c-Myb transcription factor is required for adult hematopoiesis, yet little is known about c-Myb function during lineage-specific differentiation due to the embryonic lethality of Myb-null mutations. We previously used tissue-specific inactivation of the murine Myb locus to demonstrate that c-Myb is required for differentiation to the pro-B cell stage, survival during the pro-B cell stage, and the pro-B to pre-B cell transition during B lymphopoiesis. However, few downstream mediators of c-Myb-regulated function have been identified. We demonstrate that c-Myb regulates the intrinsic survival of CD19+ pro-B cells in the absence of IL-7 by repressing expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bmf and Bim and that levels of Bmf and Bim mRNA are further repressed by IL-7 signaling in pro-B cells. c-Myb regulates two crucial components of the IL-7 signaling pathway: the IL-7Rα-chain and the negative regulator SOCS3 in CD19+ pro-B cells. Bypassing IL-7R signaling through constitutive activation of Stat5b largely rescues survival of c-Myb-deficient pro-B cells, whereas constitutively active Akt is much less effective. However, rescue of pro-B cell survival is not sufficient to rescue proliferation of pro-B cells or the pro-B to small pre-B cell transition, and we further demonstrate that c-Myb-deficient large pre-B cells are hypoproliferative. Analysis of genes crucial for the pre-BCR checkpoint demonstrates that, in addition to IL-7Rα, the genes encoding λ5, cyclin D3, and CXCR4 are downregulated in the absence of c-Myb, and λ5 is a direct c-Myb target. Thus, c-Myb coordinates survival with the expression of genes that are required during the pre-BCR checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Fahl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Andrea R Daamen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Rowena B Crittenden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and .,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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87
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Inducible disruption of the c-myb gene allows allogeneic bone marrow transplantation without irradiation. J Immunol Methods 2018; 457:66-72. [PMID: 29630967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation enables the in vivo functional assessment of hematopoietic cells. As pre-conditioning, ionizing radiation is commonly applied to induce BM depletion, however, it exerts adverse effects on the animal and can limit experimental outcome. Here, we provide an alternative method that harnesses conditional gene deletion to ablate c-myb and thereby deplete BM cells, hence allowing BM substitution without other pre-conditioning. The protocol results in a high level of blood chimerism after allogeneic BM transplantation, whereas immune cells in peripheral tissues such as resident macrophages are not replaced. Further, mice featuring a low chimerism after initial transplantation can undergo a second induction cycle for efficient deletion of residual BM cells without the necessity to re-apply donor cells. In summary, we present an effective c-myb-dependent genetic technique to generate BM chimeras in the absence of irradiation or other methods for pre-conditioning.
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88
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Liu X, Xu Y, Han L, Yi Y. Reassessing the Potential of Myb-targeted Anti-cancer Therapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:1259-1266. [PMID: 29675107 PMCID: PMC5907674 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor MYB is essential for the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers, especially leukemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, adenoid cystic carcinoma and brain cancer. Thus, MYB has been regarded as an attractive target for tumor therapy. However, pioneer studies of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against MYB, which were launched three decades ago in leukemia therapy, were discontinued because of their unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In recent years, the roles of MYB in tumor transformation have become increasingly clear. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of MYB, such as the vital effects of MYB co-regulators on MYB activity and of transcriptional elongation on MYB expression, have been unveiled. These observations have underpinned novel approaches in inhibiting MYB. This review discusses the structure, function and regulation of MYB, focusing on recent insights into MYB-associated oncogenesis and how MYB-targeted therapeutics can be explored. Additionally, the main MYB-targeted therapies, including novel genetic therapy, RNA interference, microRNAs and low-molecular-weight compounds, which are especially promising inhibitors that target MYB co-regulators and transcriptional elongation, are described, and their prospects are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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89
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Nishiyama T, Ishikawa Y, Kawashima N, Akashi A, Adachi Y, Hattori H, Ushijima Y, Kiyoi H. Mutation analysis of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Cancer Genet 2018; 222-223:38-45. [PMID: 29666007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the genetic mutation status of 13 patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). Consistent with previous reports, t-MN cells preferentially acquired mutations in TP53 and epigenetic modifying genes, instead of mutations in tyrosine kinase and spliceosome genes. Furthermore, we compared the mutation status of three t-MN cells with each of the initial lymphoid malignant cells, and identified common mutations among t-MN and the initial malignant cells in two patients. In a patient who developed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) after follicular lymphoma (FL), TET2 mutation was identified in both CMML and FL cells. Notably, the TET2 mutation was also identified in peripheral blood cells in the disease-free period with the same allelic frequency as CMML and FL cells, but not in a germ-line control, indicating that the TET2 mutation occurred somatically in the initiating clone for both malignant cells. On the other hand, a germ-line MYB mutation was identified in a patient who developed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after FL. These results suggest that germ-line deposition and clonal hematopoiesis are closely associated with t-MN susceptibility; however, further analysis is necessary to clarify the mechanism required to provide the initiating clone with lineage commitment and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomi Kawashima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akimi Akashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Adachi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hattori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Ushijima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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90
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Nguyen N, Vishwakarma BA, Oakley K, Han Y, Przychodzen B, Maciejewski JP, Du Y. Myb expression is critical for myeloid leukemia development induced by Setbp1 activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86300-86312. [PMID: 27863435 PMCID: PMC5349915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SETBP1 missense mutations have been frequently identified in multiple myeloid neoplasms; however, their oncogenic potential remains unclear. Here we show that expression of Setbp1 mutants carrying two such mutations in mouse bone marrow progenitors efficiently induced development of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) in irradiated recipient mice with significantly shorter latencies and greater penetrance than expression of wild-type Setbp1, suggesting that these mutations are highly oncogenic. The increased oncogenicity of Setbp1 missense mutants could be due in part to their capability to drive significantly higher target gene transcription. We further identify Myb as a critical mediator of Setbp1-induced self-renewal as its knockdown caused efficient differentiation of myeloid progenitors immortalized by wild-type Setbp1 and Setbp1 missense mutants. Interestingly, Myb is also a direct transcriptional target of Setbp1 and Setbp1 missense mutants as they directly bind to the Myb locus in immortalized cells and dramatically activate a critical enhancer/promoter region of Myb in luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, Myb knockdown in Setbp1 and Setbp1 missense mutations-induced AML cells also efficiently induced their differentiation in culture and significantly prolonged the survival of their secondary recipient mice, suggesting that targeting MYB pathway could be a promising strategy for treating human myeloid neoplasms with SETBP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bandana A Vishwakarma
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Oakley
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yufen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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91
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Saito K, Nobuhisa I, Harada K, Takahashi S, Anani M, Lickert H, Kanai-Azuma M, Kanai Y, Taga T. Maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in fetal intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters by the Sox17-Notch1-Hes1 axis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:145-155. [PMID: 29458175 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, from which definitive hematopoiesis first arises in midgestation mouse embryos, has intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs) containing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We previously reported expression of the transcription factor Sox17 in IAHCs, and overexpression of Sox17 in CD45lowc-KIThigh cells comprising IAHCs maintains the formation of cell clusters and their multipotency in vitro over multiple passages. Here, we demonstrate the importance of NOTCH1 in IAHC formation and maintenance of the HSC/HPC phenotype. We further show that Notch1 expression is positively regulated by SOX17 via direct binding to its gene promoter. SOX17 and NOTCH1 were both found to be expressed in vivo in cells of IAHCs by whole mount immunostaining. We found that cells transduced with the active form of NOTCH1 or its downstream target, Hes1, maintained their multipotent colony-forming capacity in semisolid medium. Moreover, cells stimulated by NOTCH1 ligand, Jagged1, or Delta-like protein 1, had the capacity to form multilineage colonies. Conversely, knockdown of Notch1 and Hes1 led to a reduction of their multipotent colony-forming capacity. These results suggest that the Sox17-Notch1-Hes1 pathway is critical for maintaining the undifferentiated state of IAHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoka Saito
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Kaho Harada
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satomi Takahashi
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Maha Anani
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Suez Canal University, 4.5 km the Ring Road, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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92
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Hif-1α and Hif-2α regulate hemogenic endothelium and hematopoietic stem cell formation in zebrafish. Blood 2018; 131:963-973. [PMID: 29339404 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-797795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derive from specialized endothelial cells (ECs) called hemogenic endothelium (HE) via a process called endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been reported to positively modulate EHT in vivo, but current data indicate the existence of other regulators of this process. Here we show that in zebrafish, Hif-2α also positively modulates HSC formation. Specifically, HSC marker gene expression is strongly decreased in hif-1aa;hif-1ab (hif-1α) and in hif-2aa;hif-2ab (hif-2α) zebrafish mutants and morphants. Moreover, live imaging studies reveal a positive role for hif-1α and hif-2α in regulating HE specification. Knockdown of hif-2α in hif-1α mutants leads to a greater decrease in HSC formation, indicating that hif-1α and hif-2α have partially overlapping roles in EHT. Furthermore, hypoxic conditions, which strongly stimulate HSC formation in wild-type animals, have little effect in the combined absence of Hif-1α and Hif-2α function. In addition, we present evidence for Hif and Notch working in the same pathway upstream of EHT. Both notch1a and notch1b mutants display impaired EHT, which cannot be rescued by hypoxia. However, overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain in ECs is sufficient to rescue the hif-1α and hif-2α morphant EHT phenotype, suggesting that Notch signaling functions downstream of the Hif pathway during HSC formation. Altogether, our data provide genetic evidence that both Hif-1α and Hif-2α regulate EHT upstream of Notch signaling.
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93
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Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development. Nat Commun 2018; 9:75. [PMID: 29311541 PMCID: PMC5758709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages in many adult organs originate from yolk sac (YS) progenitors, which invade the developing embryo and persist by means of local self-renewal. However, the route and characteristics of YS macrophage trafficking during embryogenesis are incompletely understood. Here we show the early migration dynamics of YS-derived macrophage progenitors in vivo using fate mapping and intravital microscopy. From embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) CX3CR1+ pre-macrophages are present in the mouse YS where they rapidly proliferate and gain access to the bloodstream to migrate towards the embryo. Trafficking of pre-macrophages and their progenitors from the YS to tissues peaks around E10.5, dramatically decreases towards E12.5 and is no longer evident from E14.5 onwards. Thus, YS progenitors use the vascular system during a restricted time window of embryogenesis to invade the growing fetus. These findings close an important gap in our understanding of the development of the innate immune system.
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94
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Chapin J, Giardina PJ. Thalassemia Syndromes. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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95
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Freitas-Lopes MA, Mafra K, David BA, Carvalho-Gontijo R, Menezes GB. Differential Location and Distribution of Hepatic Immune Cells. Cells 2017; 6:cells6040048. [PMID: 29215603 PMCID: PMC5755505 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the main organs in the body, performing several metabolic and immunological functions that are indispensable to the organism. The liver is strategically positioned in the abdominal cavity between the intestine and the systemic circulation. Due to its location, the liver is continually exposed to nutritional insults, microbiota products from the intestinal tract, and to toxic substances. Hepatocytes are the major functional constituents of the hepatic lobes, and perform most of the liver’s secretory and synthesizing functions, although another important cell population sustains the vitality of the organ: the hepatic immune cells. Liver immune cells play a fundamental role in host immune responses and exquisite mechanisms are necessary to govern the density and the location of the different hepatic leukocytes. Here we discuss the location of these pivotal cells within the different liver compartments, and how their frequency and tissular location can dictate the fate of liver immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Freitas-Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Kassiana Mafra
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Bruna A David
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary. Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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96
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Targeting acute myeloid leukemia by drug-induced c-MYB degradation. Leukemia 2017; 32:882-889. [PMID: 29089643 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular basis for particular subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), effective therapy remains a challenge for many individuals suffering from this disease. A significant proportion of both pediatric and adult AML patients cannot be cured and since the upper limits of chemotherapy intensification have been reached, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. The transcription factor c-MYB has been shown to play a central role in the development and progression of AML driven by several different oncogenes, including mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-fusion genes. Here, we have used a c-MYB gene expression signature from MLL-rearranged AML to probe the Connectivity Map database and identified mebendazole as a c-MYB targeting drug. Mebendazole induces c-MYB degradation via the proteasome by interfering with the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) chaperone system. Transient exposure to mebendazole is sufficient to inhibit colony formation by AML cells, but not normal cord blood-derived cells. Furthermore, mebendazole is effective at impairing AML progression in vivo in mouse xenotransplantation experiments. In the context of widespread human use of mebendazole, our data indicate that mebendazole-induced c-MYB degradation represents a safe and novel therapeutic approach for AML.
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97
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Transcription factor c-Myb inhibits breast cancer lung metastasis by suppression of tumor cell seeding. Oncogene 2017; 37:1020-1030. [PMID: 29084208 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for most of cancer-related deaths. Paracrine signaling between tumor cells and the stroma induces changes in the tumor microenvironment required for metastasis. Transcription factor c-Myb was associated with breast cancer (BC) progression but its role in metastasis remains unclear. Here we show that increased c-Myb expression in BC cells inhibits spontaneous lung metastasis through impaired tumor cell extravasation. On contrary, BC cells with increased lung metastatic capacity exhibited low c-Myb levels. We identified a specific inflammatory signature, including Ccl2 chemokine, that was expressed in lung metastatic cells but was suppressed in tumor cells with higher c-Myb levels. Tumor cell-derived Ccl2 expression facilitated lung metastasis and rescued trans-endothelial migration of c-Myb overexpressing cells. Clinical data show that the identified inflammatory signature, together with a MYB expression, predicts lung metastasis relapse in BC patients. These results demonstrate that the c-Myb-regulated transcriptional program in BCs results in a blunted inflammatory response and consequently suppresses lung metastasis.
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98
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Antoniani C, Romano O, Miccio A. Concise Review: Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis: Biological Insights and Therapeutic Applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2106-2114. [PMID: 29080249 PMCID: PMC5702521 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation starting from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). The understanding of regulatory networks involved in hematopoiesis and their impact on gene expression is crucial to decipher the molecular mechanisms that control hematopoietic development in physiological and pathological conditions, and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. An increasing number of epigenetic studies aim at defining, on a genome‐wide scale, the cis‐regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters and enhancers) used by human HSPCs and their lineage‐restricted progeny at different stages of development. In parallel, human genetic studies allowed the discovery of genetic variants mapping to cis‐regulatory elements and associated with hematological phenotypes and diseases. Here, we summarize recent epigenetic and genetic studies in hematopoietic cells that give insights into human hematopoiesis and provide a knowledge basis for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. As an example, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting cis‐regulatory regions to reactivate fetal hemoglobin for the treatment of β‐hemoglobinopathies. Epigenetic studies allowed the definition of cis‐regulatory sequences used by human hematopoietic cells. Promoters and enhancers are targeted by transcription factors and are characterized by specific histone modifications. Genetic variants mapping to cis‐regulatory elements are often associated with hematological phenotypes and diseases. In some cases, these variants can alter the binding of transcription factors, thus changing the expression of the target genes. Targeting cis‐regulatory sequences represents a promising therapeutic approach for many hematological diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:2106–2114
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Antoniani
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Oriana Romano
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Tarnawsky SP, Yoshimoto M, Deng L, Chan RJ, Yoder MC. Yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors expressing gain of function PTPN11 have functional features of JMML but are not sufficient to cause disease in mice. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:1001-1014. [PMID: 28975680 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests the origin of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is closely associated with fetal development. Nevertheless, the contribution of embryonic progenitors to JMML pathogenesis remains unexplored. We hypothesized that expression of JMML-initiating PTPN11 mutations in HSC-independent yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors (YS EMPs) would result in a mouse model of pediatric myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). RESULTS E9.5 YS EMPs from VavCre+;PTPN11D61Y embryos demonstrated growth hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and hyperactive RAS-ERK signaling. Mutant EMPs engrafted the spleens of neonatal recipients, but did not cause disease. To assess MPN development during unperturbed hematopoiesis we generated CSF1R-MCM+;PTPN11E76K ;ROSAYFP mice in which oncogene expression was restricted to EMPs. Yellow fluorescent protein-positive progeny of mutant EMPs persisted in tissues one year after birth and demonstrated hyperactive RAS-ERK signaling. Nevertheless, these mice had normal survival and did not demonstrate features of MPN. CONCLUSIONS YS EMPs expressing mutant PTPN11 demonstrate functional and molecular features of JMML but do not cause disease following transplantation nor following unperturbed development. Developmental Dynamics 246:1001-1014, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P Tarnawsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lisa Deng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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100
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Perlin JR, Robertson AL, Zon LI. Efforts to enhance blood stem cell engraftment: Recent insights from zebrafish hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2817-2827. [PMID: 28830909 PMCID: PMC5626407 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapy for patients with a variety of hematological malignancies. HSCT would be greatly improved if patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. There is an incomplete understanding of the genes and signals involved in HSC induction, migration, maintenance, and niche engraftment. Recent studies in zebrafish have revealed novel genes that are required for HSC induction and niche regulation of HSC homeostasis. Manipulation of these signaling pathways and cell types may improve HSC bioengineering, which could significantly advance critical, lifesaving HSCT therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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