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Ramoun AA, Emara AM, Heleil BA, Darweish SA, Abou-Ghait HA. Hormonal profile and follicular dynamics concurrent with CIDR and insulin modified Ovsync TAI programs and their impacts on the fertility response in buffaloes. Theriogenology 2017; 104:205-210. [PMID: 28888896 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fifty one cyclic Egyptian buffaloes were used to study the hormonal profile and follicular dynamics concurrent with CIDR and insulin modified Ovsync TAI programs and their impacts on the consequent fertility responses. The buffaloes were randomly assigned into 3 ovulation synchronization protocols: Ovsync-alone (n = 13, control) CIDR-sync (n = 20) and Insulin-sync (n = 18). Ovsync-alone protocol consisted of two im injections of 20 μg bueserlin (GnRHa) on Day 0 (GnRH 1) and on Day 9 (GnRH 2) with an im injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol sodium (PGF2 α) on Day 7. The CIDR-sync protocol consisted of the same treatment protocol as in Ovsync in addition to intra-vaginal insertion of CIDR (contains 1.38 gm of progesterone) on Day 0 followed by removal on Day 7. The Insulin-sync protocol consisted of the same treatment protocol as in Ovsync plus 3 sc injections of insulin at a dose of 0.25 i.u/1 kg, on Days 7, 8, and 9. Buffaloes in all groups were inseminated 16 h after GnRH2 by the same inseminator using frozen semen in straws. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 3, 5 for serum progesterone assay and on Day 9 to measure serum concentrations of estradiol, insulin and IGF-1. Transrectal ultrasonographic scanning of the ovaries was conducted on Days 7, 8 and 9 to record the diameter of the largest follicle. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted on Day 30 post-TAI by trans-rectal ultrasonographic scanning of the uterus to calculate conception rate. The serum progesterone concentration showed an increase (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant buffaloes in both Ovsync-alone and Insulin-sync groups, but not in CIDR-sync group (p > 0.05) on Days 3 and 5. The serum estradiol concentration on Day 9 showed an increase (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared with the non-pregnant buffaloes in all of the treated groups. In Insulin-sync and Ovsync-alone groups, the diameter of the largest follicle (LF) was larger (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant buffaloes, but in CIDR-sync, the diameter of the (LF) was larger (p < 0.01) in non-pregnant compared with pregnant buffaloes. Also, the results showed that the greatest diameter of LF was observed in pregnant buffaloes in Insulin-sync compared with either pregnant or non-pregnant buffaloes in all groups. It is concluded that modified CIDR-sync and Insulin-sync could improve fertility response through modulating hormonal profile and follicular dynamics in buffaloes during low breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ramoun
- Theriogenology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - A M Emara
- Theriogenology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - B A Heleil
- Theriogenology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - S A Darweish
- Mahallet-Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Centre, Egypt
| | - H A Abou-Ghait
- Mahallet-Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Centre, Egypt
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Acosta DAV, Schneider A, Jacometo CB, Rincon JA, Cardoso F, Corrêa MN. Effect of bovine somatotropin injection in late pregnant Holstein heifers on metabolic parameters and steroidogenic potential of the first postpartum dominant follicle. Theriogenology 2017; 104:164-172. [PMID: 28863349 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-partum injections of bovine somatotropin (bST) in dairy heifers on metabolic markers and the steroidogenic potential of the first postpartum dominant follicle. Heifers were assigned to two groups: bST (ST; n = 29), that received two doses of bST (500 mg/dose) at -28 and -14 days relative to calving; and control (CTL; n = 30), that did not received bST. Follicular development was monitored via ultrasound every 3 days starting at 8 days in milk (DIM) in a subset of 20 heifers until the day the first large follicle reached a diameter of 16 mm. From these cows follicular fluid was aspirated and the follicular cells recovered (ST; n = 8 and CTL; n = 10). Blood samples were collected weekly for all heifers. Follicular fluid IGF-I concentrations of the first postpartum dominant follicle was higher (P = 0.05) in ST (87.1 ± 7.7 mg/mL) than CTL cows (64.3 ± 6.8 mg/mL). Also, E2 concentration in the follicular fluid was higher (P = 0.02) for ST (199.7 ± 55.9 ng/mL) than CTL cows (74.5 ± 37.7 ng/mL). The expression of LHCGR and STAR mRNA in follicular cells was higher (P < 0.05) in ST than CTL cows. Nonetheless, HSD3B, P450scc, P450c17, IGFr and CYP19A1 mRNA expression was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Serum IGF-I concentration was higher in ST treated heifers during the pre-partum period (P = 0.01) and no difference was observed in the postpartum period (P = 0.19). In conclusion, pre-partum bST treatment in dairy heifers increased intrafollicular IGF-I and expression of LHCGR and STAR mRNA in follicular cells of the first postpartum dominant follicle. These changes were associated to increased intrafollicular and serum E2 concentration, which can potentially increase the chance of ovulation of the first follicular wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Andres Velasco Acosta
- The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA), Bogotá, 250047, Colombia; Research Center, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Department of Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Research Center, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bespalhok Jacometo
- Facultad Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia; Research Center, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Joao Alvarado Rincon
- Department of Clinics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Research Center, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marcio Nunes Corrêa
- The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA), Bogotá, 250047, Colombia; Research Center, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Rodríguez F, Gareis N, Hein G, Salvetti N, Amweg A, Huber E, Stassi A, Ortega H, Rey F. Role of Components of the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in the Early Stages of Ovarian Follicular Persistence in Cattle. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:201-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moriel P, Artioli LFA, Piccolo MB, Marques RS, Poore MH, Cooke RF. Frequency of wet brewers grains supplementation during late gestation of beef cows and its effects on offspring postnatal growth and immunity. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2553-63. [PMID: 27285931 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate postnatal growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves born to dams fed wet brewers grains (WBG) daily or 3 times weekly during late gestation. On d 0 (approximately 60 d before calving), 28 multiparous, spring-calving Angus cows (BW = 578 ± 19 kg; age = 4.7 ± 0.65 yr; BCS = 7.0 ± 0.18) were stratified by sire, age, BW, and BCS and then randomly allocated into 1 of 14 drylot pens (2 cows/pen; 18 by 3 m; 27 m/cow). Cows were offered ground tall fescue hay ad libitum and received similar weekly WBG supplementation (DMI = 0.5% of BW multiplied by 7 d). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (7 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows receiving WBG supplementation daily (S7; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 7 d) or 3 times weekly (S3; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 3 d; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) from d 0 until calving. Cow-calf pairs were managed as a single group on tall fescue pastures from calving to weaning (d 226). Calves were immediately submitted to a preconditioning period from d 226 to 266 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, , and on d 231 and 245. Decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation did not impact ( ≥ 0.21) precalving intake of total DM, CP, and TDN; BW and BCS change; overall plasma cortisol concentrations; and postcalving growth and pregnancy rate of cows. Overall plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin did not differ ( ≥ 0.28) between S3 and S7 cows, whereas S3 cows had greater ( = 0.002) plasma glucose concentrations and tended ( = 0.06) to have greater plasma insulin concentrations on days they were not fed WBG vs. days of WBG supplementation. Calf plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth but not serum IgG ( = 0.63) tended ( = 0.10) to be greater for S3 vs. S7 calves. However, additional calf growth and immunity variables obtained during pre- and postweaning phases did not differ between S3 and S7 calves ( ≥ 0.21). Hence, decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation caused oscillations on precalving plasma glucose and insulin concentrations but did not affect plasma cortisol concentrations, growth, and pregnancy rate of cows. Also, reduced frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation did not have carryover effects on postnatal calf growth and immunity.
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Porcu C, Pasciu V, Succu S, Baralla E, Manca ME, Serra E, Leoni GG, Dattena M, Bomboi GC, Molle G, Naitana S, Berlinguer F. Glucogenic treatment creates an optimal metabolic milieu for the conception period in ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 59:105-115. [PMID: 28063291 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the influence of a short-term glucogenic nutritional treatment on circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and urea, and on their correspondent levels in follicular fluid (FF) collected 12 h after the end of the treatment. After estrous synchronization with intravaginal progestagen-impregnated sponges, 20 Sarda ewes were randomly allocated into two experimental groups (GLU and WAT) and, from day 7 to day 10 (day 0 = day of sponge removal), the GLU group was gavaged with a glycogenic mixture, whereas the WAT group was gavaged with water (control group). Follicular development was stimulated by FSH administration from day 8 to 10. At day 11, ovaries were collected and follicular fluid processed. Plasma changes were assessed from day 6 to 11. In GLU group, circulating concentration of glucose (P < 0.0001), insulin (P < 0.0001), and IGF-1 (P < 0.01) rose significantly, whereas NEFA and urea concentrations decreased (P < 0.0001), as compared with controls. In particular, in FF the higher glucose concentrations found in GLU ewes compared with controls (P < 0.0001) were not accompanied by any increase in insulin and IGF-1 concentrations. NEFA (P < 0.0001) and urea (P < 0.0001) were lower in FF of GLU than WAT group, although NEFA clearance in the ovary proved to be less efficient than at the systemic level. No significant difference between groups was found in FF concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (a protease regulating the levels of free IGF-1 in follicles), glutathione, and in its total antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that glycogenic mixture administration creates a suitable follicular microenvironment for the conception period in dairy ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Porcu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - V Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Succu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M E Manca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G G Leoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Dattena
- Department of Animal Production, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G C Bomboi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Molle
- Department of Animal Production, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Naitana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - F Berlinguer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Zarazaga L, Gatica M, Gallego-Calvo L, Guzmán J. The reproductive performance of female goats treated with melatonin is not improved after introduction to bucks displaying springtime sexual activity if these does are experiencing decreasing body weight/condition score. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gandra JR, Verdurico LC, Mingoti RD, Takiya CS, Gardinal R, Vendramini THA, Barletta RV, Visintin JA, Rennó FP. Whole flaxseed, raw soybeans, and calcium salts of fatty acids supplementation for transition cows: follicle development and embryo quality. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caio Seiti Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gardinal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Villela Barletta
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Palma Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Dorneles Tortorella R, Nogueira GDP, Modesto MR, Passoni Silva PC, da Silva JP, Neves JP, Ramos AF. Characterizing emergence and divergence in the first follicular wave in a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed. Theriogenology 2017; 88:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Das D, Nath P, Pal S, Hajra S, Ghosh P, Maitra S. Expression of two insulin receptor subtypes, insra and insrb, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovary and involvement of insulin action in ovarian function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:21-31. [PMID: 26853486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Present study reports differential expression of the two insulin receptor (IR) subtypes in zebrafish ovary at various stages of follicular growth and potential involvement of IR in insulin-induced oocyte maturation. The results showed that mRNA expression for IR subtypes, insra and insrb, exhibited higher levels in mid-vitellogenic (MV) and full-grown (FG) rather than pre-vitellogenic (PV) oocytes. Interestingly, compared to the levels in denuded oocytes, mRNAs for both insra and insrb were expressed at much higher level in the follicle layer harvested from FG oocytes. Immunoprecipitation using IRβ antibody could detect a protein band of desired size (∼95kDa) in FG oocyte lysates. Further, IRβ immunoreactivity was detected in ovarian tissue sections, especially at the follicle layer and oocyte membrane of MV and FG, but not PV stage oocytes. While hCG (10IU/ml) stimulation was without effect, priming with insulin (5μM) could promote oocyte maturation of MV oocytes in a manner sensitive to de novo protein and steroid biosynthesis. Compared to hCG, in insulin pre-incubated MV oocytes, stimulation with maturation inducing steroid (MIS), 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) elicited higher maturational response. Potential involvement of insulin-mediated action on acquisition of maturational competence and regulation of oocyte maturation was further manifested through up regulation of 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-hsd), MIS receptor (mPRα), insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) and IGF1 receptor (igf1rb), but not cyp19a expression in MV oocytes. Moreover, priming with anti-IRβ attenuated insulin action on meiotic G2-M1 transition indicating the specificity of insulin action and physiological relevance of IR in zebrafish ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Das
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Poulomi Nath
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Soumojit Pal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sudip Hajra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sudipta Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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Nayeri S, Stothard P. Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-016-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Laskowski D, Sjunnesson Y, Gustafsson H, Humblot P, Andersson G, Båge R. Insulin concentrations used in in vitro embryo production systems: a pilot study on insulin stability with an emphasis on concentrations measured in vivo. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:66. [PMID: 27766972 PMCID: PMC5073877 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin has been used as a stimulatory factor for in vitro cell culture since many years. Even for routine in vitro embryo production (IVP), insulin is added to the media during different steps. There is a strong difference in concentrations used in vitro compared to what is measured in vivo in follicular fluid or serum. We performed a pilot study on insulin stability to explain possible reasons for that variation. RESULTS We measured insulin concentrations before and after bovine oocyte maturation in an experiment by using a quantitative ELISA (Mercodia bovine insulin ELISA immunoassay) and found that concentrations were stable up to 22 h of incubation. We compared our results with eleven in vivo studies measuring insulin in either serum or follicular fluid and nine IVP-protocols using insulin. In all studies, in vitro concentrations were much higher compared with those found physiologically in vivo. Limited knowledge is available concerning the different activity and stability of insulin in vitro versus in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of insulin used in vitro are quite high in comparison to physiological concentrations found in serum or follicular fluid. One explanation may be a different stability or activity of insulin in vitro even if we could measure stable concentrations of insulin in our pilot study. More precise dose-effect studies have to be performed to draw clear conclusions about the consequences of the use of such high doses as they might have negative consequences for the developing embryo. Insulin has direct effects on the regulation of the metabolism and could even influence the epigenetic programming of the metabolism with unknown consequences for the offspring later in life.
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Abstract
AbstractThis review addresses the reasons for the lack of progress in the control of superovulation and highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying follicular development. The present inability to provide large numbers of viable embryos from selected females still restricts genetic improvement, whilst variability in ovarian response to hormones limit the present capacity for increasing reproductive efficiency.Females are born with a large store of eggs which rapidly declines as puberty approaches. If these oocytes are normal then there is scope for increasing the reproductive potential of selected females. Oocytes must reach a certain size before they can complete all stages of development and the final changes that occur late in follicular development. It is likely that oocytes that do not produce specific factors at precise stages of development will not be viable. Hence, it is important to characterize oocyte secreted factors since there are potential indicators of oocyte quality.The mechanisms that determine ovulation rate have still not been fully elucidated. Indeed follicular atresia, the process whereby follicles regress, is still not known. A better understanding of these processes should prove pivotal for the synchronization of follicular growth, for more precise oestrous synchronization and improved superovulatory response.Nutrition can influence a whole range of reproductive parameters however, the pathways through which nutrition acts have not been fully elucidated. Metabolic hormones, particularly insulin and IGFs, appear to interact with gonadotrophins at the level of the gonads. Certainly gonadotropins provide the primary drive for the growth of follicles in the later stages of development and both insulin and IGF-1, possibly IGF-2, synergize with gonadotrophins to stimulate cell proliferation and hormone production. More research is required to determine the effects of other growth factors and their interaction with gonadotropins.There is evidence, particularly from studies with rodents, that steroids can also modulate follicular growth and development, although information is very limited for ruminants. There may be a rôle for oestrogens in synchronizing follicular waves, to aid in oestrous synchronization regimes and for removing the dominant follicle to achieve improved superovulatory responses. However more information is required to determine whether these are feasible approaches.Heritability for litter size is higher in sheep than in cattle. Exogenous gonadotropins are a commercially ineffective means of inducing twinning in sheep and cattle. Although there are differences in circulating gonadotropin concentrations, the mechanism(s) responsible for the high ovulation appear to reside essentially within the ovaries. The locus of the Booroola gene, a major gene for ovulation rate, has been established but not specifically identified. However sheep possessing major genes do provide extremely valuable models for investigating the mechanisms controlling ovulation rate, including a direct contrast to mono-ovulatory species such as cattle.In conclusion, the relationship between oocyte quality, in both healthy follicles and those follicles destined for atresia, must be resolved before the future potential for increasing embryo yield can be predicted. In addition, a greater understanding of the factors affecting folliculogenesis in ruminants should ensure that the full benefits ensuing from the precise control of ovarian function are achieved. The improved use of artificial insemination and embryo transfer that would ensue from a greater understanding of the processes of folliculo genesis, coupled with the new technologies of genome and linkage mapping, should ensure a more rapid rate of genetic gain.
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Kasimanickam RK, Whittier WD, Hall JB, Kastelic JP. Estrous synchronization strategies to optimize beef heifer reproductive performance after reproductive tract scoring. Theriogenology 2016; 86:831-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Herbal formula menoprogen alters insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels in the serum and ovaries of an aged female rat model of menopause. Menopause 2016; 22:1125-33. [PMID: 26057826 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menoprogen (MPG), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for menopause, improves menopausal symptoms; however, its mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that MPG is not directly estrogenic; thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of MPG on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels in an aged female rat model of menopause. METHODS In a six-arm study, 14-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 per arm) were randomly divided into the following groups: untreated aged, 17β-estradiol-treated aged (estradiol [E2]), and three arms with increasing doses of MPG (162, 324, or 648 mg/kg/d). The sixth arm contained 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats as a normal comparison group. Four weeks after MPG or E2 administration, animals were killed after blood draws, and ovarian tissues were excised. Levels of E2 and progesterone (P4) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum and ovarian tissue levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGF-1 receptor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, aged rats had significantly reduced serum levels of E2, P4, and IGF-1, and increased serum and ovarian tissue levels of IGFBP-1. MPG restored serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 levels and down-regulated ovarian levels of IGFBP-1, which were closely related to increases in E2 and P4 levels in aged rats. No significant differences in either IGF-1 or IGFBP-1 were observed between the three doses of MPG. CONCLUSIONS MPG exerts a direct in vivo effect on aged female rats by positively regulating serum and ovarian IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 levels.
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Laskowski D, Sjunnesson Y, Humblot P, Andersson G, Gustafsson H, Båge R. The functional role of insulin in fertility and embryonic development-What can we learn from the bovine model? Theriogenology 2016; 86:457-64. [PMID: 27177960 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a key metabolic hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis in the body. In addition, insulin-dependent signaling has important functions in reproduction and early embryo development. As metabolism and reproduction are closely linked, metabolic challenges may be the source of reproductive disorders and decreased fertility. This is known for the dairy cow and for other species including the human. Although metabolic disorders in the dairy cow often derive from a failure to adapt to a high milk production, the situation in the human is often linked to emerging conditions and associated diseases in our modern society such as obesity and diabetes, where an excess energy intake causes decreased fertility in women. Both energy excess and energy deficit are associated with a deviation of insulin concentrations in serum and follicular fluid from normal levels. Although many studies have shown that extreme variation in energy supply can negatively influence early embryo development by inducing changes in circulating concentrations of several metabolites or hormones like insulin, several in vitro culture media are still supplemented with insulin in high concentrations. In this review, direct and indirect effects of insulin on fertility will be described. Differences between the in vivo and in vitro situations will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Laskowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Y Sjunnesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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66
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Jimenez CR, de Azevedo JL, Silveira RG, Penitente-Filho J, Carrascal-Triana EL, Zolini AM, Araujo VR, Torres CAA, Gonçalves WG. Effects of IGF-1 onIn VitroCulture of Bovine Preantral Follicles are Dose-Dependent. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:435-44. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CR Jimenez
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - JL de Azevedo
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - RG Silveira
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - J Penitente-Filho
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - EL Carrascal-Triana
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - AM Zolini
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - VR Araujo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles; Universidade Estadual do Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - CAA Torres
- Departament of Animal Science; Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - WG Gonçalves
- Departament of Biology; Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
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67
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Subramaniam E, Colazo M, Gobikrushanth M, Sun Y, Ruiz-Sanchez A, Ponce-Barajas P, Oba M, Ambrose D. Effects of reducing dietary starch content by replacing barley grain with wheat dried distillers grains plus solubles in dairy cow rations on ovarian function. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2762-2774. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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68
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Dentis JL, Schreiber NB, Gilliam JN, Schutz LF, Spicer LJ. Changes in brain ribonuclease (BRB) messenger RNA in granulosa cells (GCs) of dominant vs subordinate ovarian follicles of cattle and the regulation of BRB gene expression in bovine GCs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 55:32-40. [PMID: 26773365 PMCID: PMC4779677 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain ribonuclease (BRB) is a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily that is constitutively expressed in a range of tissues and is the functional homolog of human ribonuclease 1. This study was designed to characterize BRB gene expression in granulosa cells (GCs) during development of bovine dominant ovarian follicles and to determine the hormonal regulation of BRB in GCs. Estrous cycles of Holstein cows (n = 18) were synchronized, and cows were ovariectomized on either day 3 to 4 or day 5 to 6 after ovulation during dominant follicle growth and selection. Ovaries were collected, follicular fluid (FFL) was aspirated, and GCs were collected for RNA isolation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Follicles were categorized as small (1-5 mm; pooled per ovary), medium (5-8 mm; individually collected), or large (8.1-17 mm; individually collected) based on surface diameter. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in FFL. Abundance of BRB messenger RNA (mRNA) in GCs was 8.6- to 11.8-fold greater (P < 0.05) in small (n = 31), medium (n = 66), and large (n = 33) subordinate E2-inactive (FFL E2 < P4) follicles than in large (n = 16) dominant E2-active (FFL E2 > P4) follicles. In the largest 4 follicles, GCs BRB mRNA abundance was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with FFL E2 (r = -0.65) and E2:P4 ratio (r = -0.46). In experiment 2, GCs from large (8-22 mm diameter) and small (1-5 mm diameter) follicles were treated with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1; 0 or 30 ng/mL) and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (0 or 30 ng/mL); IGF1 increased (P < 0.05) BRB mRNA abundance, and tumor necrosis factor alpha decreased (P < 0.001) the IGF1-induced BRB mRNA abundance in large-follicle GCs. In experiment 3 to 6, E2, follicle-stimulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 9, cortisol, wingless 3A, or sonic hedgehog did not affect (P > 0.10) abundance of BRB mRNA in GCs; thyroxine and luteinizing hormone increased (P < 0.05), whereas prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) decreased (P < 0.05) BRB mRNA abundance in small-follicle GCs. Treatment of small-follicle GCs with recombinant human RNase1 increased (P < 0.05) GCs numbers and E2 production. In conclusion, BRB is a hormonally and developmentally regulated gene in bovine GCs and may regulate E2 production during follicular growth in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dentis
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - N B Schreiber
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - J N Gilliam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - L F Schutz
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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69
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Laskowski D, Sjunnesson Y, Humblot P, Sirard MA, Andersson G, Gustafsson H, Båge R. Insulin exposure during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation changes blastocyst gene expression and developmental potential. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 29:RD15315. [PMID: 26922243 DOI: 10.1071/rd15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic imbalance impairs fertility, because changes in concentrations of metabolites and hormones in the blood and follicular fluid create an unfavourable environment for early embryonic development. Insulin is a key metabolic hormone known for its effects on fertility: insulin concentrations are increased during energy balance disturbances in diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Still, insulin is frequently used at supraphysiological concentrations for embryo in vitro culture with unknown consequences for the developmental potential of the offspring. In the present study we investigated the effects of insulin exposure during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation on developmental rates, embryo quality and gene expression. Supplementation of the maturation media with insulin at 10 or 0.1 µg mL-1 decreased blastocyst rates compared with an insulin-free control (19.8 ± 1.3% and 20.4 ± 1.3% vs 23.8 ± 1.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and led to increased cell numbers (nearly 10% more cells on Day 8 compared with control; P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) stress response and cell differentiation, validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To conclude, the results of the present study demonstrate that insulin exposure during in vitro oocyte maturation has a lasting effect on the embryo until the blastocyst stage, with a potential negative effect in the form of specific gene expression perturbations.
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70
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Behrouzi A, Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ. Alterations in bone morphogenetic protein 15, growth differentiation factor 9, and gene expression in granulosa cells in preovulatory follicles of dairy cows given porcine LH. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1249-57. [PMID: 26794084 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work, using porcine LH (pLH) in lieu of GnRH for synchronizing ovulation in dairy cows improved pregnancy rates without increasing plasma progesterone concentrations after ovulation. The LH profile is known to remain elevated above basal concentrations (≥1 ng/mL) for up to 20 hours in pLH-treated cows compared to less than 6 hours in GnRH-treated cows. Because LH triggers a cascade of signaling networks in the preovulatory follicle to promote final maturation and support oocyte competence, we hypothesized that dissimilar LH profiles will differentially regulate the intrafollicular factors and expression of downstream genes associated with improved oocyte competence. Specific objectives were to determine differences in the abundance of oocyte-secreted factors in the preovulatory follicular fluid and target genes in granulosa cells associated with oocyte competence, in response to exogenous porcine LH or GnRH-induced endogenous bovine LH exposure, in dairy cows. Follicular contents were aspirated by a transvaginal ultrasound-guided procedure from the preovulatory follicle of cyclic, nonlactating Holstein cows 21 ± 1 hour after administration of either pLH (25-mg) or GnRH (100-μg). Mature forms of bone morphogenetic protein 15, growth differentiation factor 9, and transforming growth factorβ1 were approximately 2-fold more abundant in pLH-treated cows which were exposed to an extended, low LH profile, than in GnRH-treated cows that had a short, high LH profile. The relative abundance of messenger RNA for cyclooxygenase-2, LH receptor, and progesterone receptor in granulosa cells, was about two-, eight-, and two-fold higher, respectively, in cows subjected to pLH than GnRH treatment. We infer that the improved pregnancy rate after pLH-induced ovulation reported previously, occurred through greater activation of intrafollicular transforming growth factor-β1 superfamily members, as these proteins promote cumulus expansion and oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Behrouzi
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Marcos Germán Colazo
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - Divakar Justus Ambrose
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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71
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Rodríguez FM, Colombero M, Amweg AN, Huber E, Gareis NC, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Rey F. Involvement of PAPP-A and IGFR1 in Cystic Ovarian Disease in Cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:659-68. [PMID: 26031184 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle. It has been shown that intra-ovarian factors, such as members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, may contribute to follicular persistence. The bioavailability of IGF to initiate its response by binding to specific receptors (IGFRs) depends on interactions with related compounds, such as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). The aim of this study was to determine IGFR1 and PAPP-A expression both in follicles at different stages of development and in cysts, to evaluate the roles in the etiopathogenesis of COD in cattle. The mRNA expression of PAPP-A was higher in granulosa cells of large tertiary follicles than in cysts, whereas the protein PAPP-A present in the follicular fluid from these follicles showed no differences. Although no PAPP-A mRNA expression was detected in smaller tertiary follicles, in their follicular fluid, this protease was detected in lesser concentration than in cysts. The mRNA expression of IGFR1 was lower in granulosa cells from cystic follicles than in those from tertiary ones. However, the protein expression of this receptor presented the highest levels in cystic structures, probably to increase the possibility of IGF response. The data obtained would indicate that animals with COD have an altered regulation of the IGF system in the ovary, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Colombero
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A N Amweg
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Huber
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N C Gareis
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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72
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Stankiewicz T. Biochemical composition of the fluid of ovarian cysts and pre-ovulatory follicles compared to the serum in sows. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2015; 43:216-21. [PMID: 25948167 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-140836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the biochemical composition of follicular cysts, pre-ovulatory follicles and serum in sows. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research involved multiparous sows (cysts-bearing sows, n = 21; non-cysts-bearing sows, n = 22). Concentration of glucose, protein, cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) in the samples was determined. RESULTS Glucose concentration in serum was higher than in cysts and follicles (p < 0.01) and glucose concentration in cysts was higher than in follicles (p < 0.01). Differences were also observed between the concentration of glucose in serum of cysts-bearing and non-cysts-bearing sows (p < 0.01). Protein concentration in cysts and follicles was lower than in serum (p < 0.01). Concentration of cholesterol in the serum of cysts-bearing sows and non-cysts-bearing sows was higher than the one in cysts and follicles (p < 0.01). Cholesterol concentration in the serum of cysts-bearing sows was higher than the one in non-cysts-bearing sows (p < 0.01). Concentration of HDL in serum of both cysts-bearing and non-cysts-bearing sows was also higher than the one in cysts and follicles (p < 0.01). Cysts-bearing sows had a higher concentration of HDL in the serum than non-cysts-bearing sows. Differences were also observed between the concentration of HDL in cysts and the one in follicles (p < 0.05). LDL was determined not to be present in either cysts or pre-ovulatory follicles. TAG concentration in the serum of cysts-bearing sows was higher than the one in the serum of non-cysts-bearing sows (p < 0.05). Differences were also detected between the TAG concentrations in cysts and in follicles (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The differences in the biochemical composition of the fluid in follicular cysts and pre-ovulatory follicles point to the variable intensification of the course of metabolic processes in pathological and physiological ovarian structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stankiewicz
- Tomasz Stankiewicz, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, 6 Doktora Judyma Street, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland,
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73
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The effect of pre-maturation culture using phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor and insulin, transferrin and selenium on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes. ZYGOTE 2015; 24:219-29. [PMID: 25925275 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate if a pre-maturation culture (PMC) using cilostamide as a meiotic inhibitor in combination with insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) for 8 or 24 h increases in vitro embryo production. To evaluate the effects of PMC on embryo development, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, embryo size and total cell number were determined. When cilostamide (20 μM) was used in PMC for 8 or 24 h, 98% of oocytes were maintained in germinal vesicles. Although the majority of oocytes resumed meiosis after meiotic arrest, the cleavage and blastocyst rates were lower than the control (P 0.05) to the control. The deleterious effect of 20 μM cilostamide treatment for 24 h on a PMC was confirmed by lower cumulus cell viability, determined by trypan blue staining, in that group compared with the other groups. A lower concentration (10 μM) and shorter exposure time (8 h) minimized that effect but did not improve embryo production. More studies should be performed to determine the best concentration and the arresting period to increase oocyte competence and embryo development.
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74
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Nteeba J, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Keating AF. Heat Stress Alters Ovarian Insulin-Mediated Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase and Steroidogenic Signaling in Gilt Ovaries. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:148. [PMID: 25926439 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises a variety of reproductive functions in several mammalian species. Inexplicably, HS animals are frequently hyperinsulinemic despite marked hyperthermia-induced hypophagia. Our objectives were to determine the effects of HS on insulin signaling and components essential to steroid biosynthesis in the pig ovary. Female pigs (35 ± 4 kg) were exposed to constant thermoneutral (20°C; 35%-50% humidity; n = 6) or HS conditions (35°C; 20%-35% humidity; n = 6) for either 7 (n = 10) or 35 days (n = 12). After 7 days, HS increased (P < 0.05) ovarian mRNA abundance of the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), protein kinase B subunit 1 (AKT1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), and aromatase (CYP19a). After 35 days, HS increased INSR, IRS1, AKT1, LDLR, LHCGR, CYP19a, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) ovarian mRNA abundance. In addition, after 35 days, HS increased ovarian phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), STAR, and CYP19a protein abundance. Immunostaining analysis revealed similar localization of INSR and pAKT1 in the cytoplasmic membrane and oocyte cytoplasm, respectively, of all stage follicles, and in theca and granulosa cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that HS alters ovarian insulin-mediated PI3K signaling pathway members, which likely impacts follicle activation and viability. In summary, environmentally induced HS is an endocrine-disrupting exposure that modifies ovarian physiology and potentially compromises production of ovarian hormones essential for fertility and pregnancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nteeba
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Robert P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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75
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Velazquez MA. Impact of maternal malnutrition during the periconceptional period on mammalian preimplantation embryo development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 51:27-45. [PMID: 25498236 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During episodes of undernutrition and overnutrition the mammalian preimplantation embryo undergoes molecular and metabolic adaptations to cope with nutrient deficits or excesses. Maternal adaptations also take place to keep a nutritional microenvironment favorable for oocyte development and embryo formation. This maternal-embryo communication takes place via several nutritional mediators. Although adaptive responses to malnutrition by both the mother and the embryo may ensure blastocyst formation, the resultant quality of the embryo can be compromised, leading to early pregnancy failure. Still, studies have shown that, although early embryonic mortality can be induced during malnutrition, the preimplantation embryo possesses an enormous plasticity that allows it to implant and achieve a full-term pregnancy under nutritional stress, even in extreme cases of malnutrition. This developmental strategy, however, may come with a price, as shown by the adverse developmental programming induced by even subtle nutritional challenges exerted exclusively during folliculogenesis and the preimplantation period, resulting in offspring with a higher risk of developing deleterious phenotypes in adulthood. Overall, current evidence indicates that malnutrition during the periconceptional period can induce cellular and molecular alterations in preimplantation embryos with repercussions for fertility and postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Velazquez
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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76
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Rawan AF, Yoshioka S, Abe H, Acosta TJ. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Regulates the Expression of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Steroid Production in Bovine Granulosa Cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:283-291. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AF Rawan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - S Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - H Abe
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - TJ Acosta
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
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77
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Cappellozza BI, Cooke RF, Reis MM, Marques RS, Guarnieri Filho TA, Perry GA, Jump DB, Lytle KA, Bohnert DW. Effects of protein supplementation frequency on physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:386-94. [PMID: 25412746 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine if frequency of protein supplementation impacts physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows. Fourteen nonpregnant, nonlactating beef cows were ranked by age and BW and allocated to 3 groups. Groups were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design, containing 3 periods of 21 d and the following treatments: 1) soybean meal supplementation daily (D), 2) soybean meal supplementation 3 times/week (3WK), and 3) soybean meal supplementation once/week (1WK). Within each period, cows were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol: 100 μg of GnRH + controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing 1.38 g of progesterone (P4) on d 1, 25 mg of PGF2α on d 8, and CIDR removal + 100 μg of GnRH on d 11. Grass-seed straw was offered for ad libitum consumption. Soybean meal was individually supplemented at a daily rate of 1 kg/cow (as-fed basis). Moreover, 3WK was supplemented on d 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, and 18 whereas 1WK was supplemented on d 4, 11, and 18. Blood samples were collected from 0 (before) to 72 h after supplementation on d 11 and 18 and analyzed for plasma urea-N (PUN). Samples collected from 0 to 12 h were also analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and P4 (d 18 only). Uterine flushing fluid was collected concurrently with blood sampling at 28 h for pH evaluation. Liver biopsies were performed concurrently with blood sampling at 0, 4, and 28 h and analyzed for mRNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-I; h 28) and CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (h 0 and 4 on d 18). Plasma urea-N concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. 3WK from 20 to 72 h and greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D from 16 to 48 h and at 72 h after supplementation (treatment × hour interaction, P < 0.01). Moreover, PUN concentrations peaked at 28 h after supplementation for 3WK and 1WK (P < 0.01) and were greater (P < 0.01) at this time for 1WK vs. 3WK and D and for 3WK vs. D. Expression of CPS-I was greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D and 3WK. Uterine flushing pH tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater for 1WK vs. 3WK and D. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.15) on expression of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, plasma glucose, and P4 concentrations, whereas plasma insulin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) in D and 3WK vs. 1WK. Hence, decreasing frequency of protein supplementation did not reduce uterine flushing pH or plasma P4 concentrations, which are known to impact reproduction in beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cappellozza
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - R F Cooke
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - M M Reis
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - R S Marques
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - T A Guarnieri Filho
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, 18618-970
| | - G A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - D B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - K A Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - D W Bohnert
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
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78
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Rodriguez-Ledesma A, Cobo M, Lopez-Pujalte C, Herrera-Viedma E. An overview of animal science research 1945-2011 through science mapping analysis. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 132:475-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rodriguez-Ledesma
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - M.J. Cobo
- Department of Computer Science; University of Cádiz; Cádiz Spain
| | - C. Lopez-Pujalte
- Department of Information and Communication; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
| | - E. Herrera-Viedma
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence; CITIC-UGR (Research Center on Information and Communication Technology); University of Granada; Granada Spain
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79
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Nteeba J, Ganesan S, Keating AF. Progressive obesity alters ovarian folliculogenesis with impacts on pro-inflammatory and steroidogenic signaling in female mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:86. [PMID: 25143355 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity induces immune cell infiltration and inflammation in peri-ovarian adipose tissue and mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in ovarian tissue. Whether these changes are associated with obesity-related ovarian dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to compare mRNA and protein abundance of ovarian immune cell and inflammation markers, along with NF-kappaB and steroidogenic pathway members in normal wild-type non-agouti (a/a; lean) and lethal yellow mice (KK.CG-A(y/)J; obese) at 6, 12, 18, or 24 wk of age. Our data revealed that, beginning at 12 wk of age, NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling members were elevated (P < 0.05) in obese females. Interestingly obesity had opposing and temporal effects on the steroidogenic enzyme pathway. Obesity decreased (P < 0.05) STAR protein at 12, 18, and 24 wk of age. CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 proteins were increased (P < 0.05) at 12 wk but were decreased (P < 0.05) at 18 and 24 wk. Interestingly, CYP19A1 was increased in lethal yellow mouse ovaries at 6 wk of age, potentially indicating early puberty onset. These data demonstrate that obesity alters expression of ovarian inflammatory and steroidogenic pathway genes in ways which could adversely affect ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nteeba
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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80
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Salazar-Ortiz J, Monget P, Guillaume D. The influence of nutrition on the insulin-like growth factor system and the concentrations of growth hormone, glucose, insulin, gonadotropins and progesterone in ovarian follicular fluid and plasma from adult female horses (Equus caballus). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:72. [PMID: 25078409 PMCID: PMC4237953 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed intake affects the GH-IGF system and may be a key factor in determining the ovarian follicular growth rate. In fat mares, the plasma IGF-1 concentration is high with low GH and a quick follicular growth rate, in contrast to values observed in thin mares. Nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of differential feed intake on the IGF system. The objective of this experiment was to quantify IGFs, IGFBPs, GH, glucose, insulin, gonadotropin and progesterone (P4) in blood and in preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) in relation to feeding levels in mares. METHODS Three years prior to the experiment, Welsh Pony mares were assigned to a restricted diet group (R, n = 10) or a well-fed group (WF, n = 9). All mares were in good health and exhibited differences in body weight and subcutaneous fat thickness. Follicular development was scanned daily and plasma was also collected daily. Preovulatory FF was collected by ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Hormone levels were assayed in FF and plasma with a validated RIA. RESULTS According to scans, the total number of follicles in group R was 53% lower than group WF. Insulin and IGF-1 concentrations were higher in WF than in R mares. GH and IGF-2 concentrations were lower in plasma from WF mares than from R mares, but the difference was not significant in FF. The IGFBP-2/IGFBP-3 ratio in FF was not affected by feeding but was dramatically increased in R mare plasma. No difference in gonadotropin concentration was found with the exception of FSH, which was higher in the plasma of R mares. On the day of puncture, P4 concentrations were not affected by feeding but were higher in preovulatory FF than in plasma. CONCLUSIONS The bioavailability of IGF-1 or IGF-2, represented by the IGFBP2/IGFBP3 ratio, is modified by feed intake in plasma but not in FF. These differences partially explain the variability in follicular growth observed between well-fed mares and mares on restricted diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar-Ortiz
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR6175 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR6175 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR6175 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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81
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Cappellozza BI, Cooke RF, Guarnieri Filho TA, Bohnert DW. Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: I. Forage disappearance parameters in rumen-fistulated steers and physiological responses in pregnant heifers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2716-24. [PMID: 24713162 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the influence of supplement composition on ruminal forage disappearance, performance, and physiological responses of Angus × Hereford cattle consuming a low-quality cool-season forage (8.7% CP and 57% TDN). In Exp. 1, 6 rumen-fistulated steers housed in individual pens were assigned to an incomplete 3 × 2 Latin square design containing 2 periods of 11 d each and the following treatments: 1) supplementation with soybean meal (PROT), 2) supplementation with a mixture of cracked corn, soybean meal, and urea (68:22:10 ratio, DM basis; ENER), or 3) no supplementation (CON). Steers were offered meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) hay for ad libitum consumption. Treatments were provided daily at 0.50 and 0.54% of shrunk BW/steer for PROT and ENER, respectively, to ensure that PROT and ENER intakes were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No treatment effects were detected on rumen disappearance parameters of forage DM (P ≥ 0.33) and NDF (P ≥ 0.66). In Exp. 2, 35 pregnant heifers were ranked by initial BW on d -7 of the study, allocated into 12 feedlot pens (4 pens/treatment), and assigned to the same treatments and forage intake regimen as in Exp. 1 for 19 d. Treatments were fed once daily at 1.77 and 1.92 kg of DM/heifer for PROT and ENER, respectively, to achieve the same treatment intake as percent of initial BW used in Exp. 1 (0.50 and 0.54% for PROT and ENER, respectively). No treatment effects (P = 0.17) were detected on forage DMI. Total DMI was greater (P < 0.01) for PROT and ENER compared with CON and similar between PROT and ENER (P = 0.36). Accordingly, ADG was greater (P = 0.01) for PROT compared with CON, tended to be greater for ENER compared with CON (P = 0.08), and was similar between ENER and PROT (P = 0.28). Heifers receiving PROT and ENER had greater mean concentrations of plasma glucose (P = 0.03), insulin (P ≤ 0.09), IGF-I (P ≤ 0.04), and progesterone (P = 0.01) compared to CON, whereas ENER and PROT had similar concentrations of these variables (P ≥ 0.15). A treatment × hour interaction was detected (P < 0.01) for plasma urea N (PUN), given that PUN concentrations increased after supplementation for ENER and PROT (time effect, P < 0.01) but did not change for CON (time effect, P = 0.62). In conclusion, beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages had similar ruminal forage disappearance and intake, performance, and physiological status if offered supplements based on soybean meal or corn at 0.5% of BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cappellozza
- Oregon State University - Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, 97720
| | - R F Cooke
- Oregon State University - Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, 97720
| | - T A Guarnieri Filho
- Oregon State University - Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, 97720 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, 18618-970
| | - D W Bohnert
- Oregon State University - Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, 97720
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82
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The effect of nutrition and metabolic status on the development of follicles, oocytes and embryos in ruminants. Animal 2014; 8:1031-44. [PMID: 24774511 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nutrition and energy reserves on the fertility of ruminants has been extensively described. However, the metabolic factors and the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between nutrition and ovarian function are still poorly understood. These factors could be hormonal (either reproductive and/or metabolic) and/or dietary and metabolic (glucose, amino acids and fatty acids). In this review, we briefly summarize the impact of those nutrients (fatty acids, glucose and amino acids) and metabolic hormones (insulin/IGF-I, growth hormone, T3/4, ghrelin, apelin and the adipokines (leptin, adiponectin and resistin)) implicated in the development of ovarian follicles, oocytes and embryos in ruminants. We then discuss the current hypotheses on the mechanisms of action of these factors on ovarian function. We particularly describe the role of some energy sensors including adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the ovarian cells.
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83
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Maruniakova N, Kadasi A, Sirotkin AV, Bulla J, Kolesarova A. T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin combined with insulin-like growth factor-I modify progesterone secretion by porcine ovarian granulosa cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:404-409. [PMID: 24345238 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.854650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of A-trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxins combined with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the release of steroid hormone progesterone (P4) by porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). The cells were incubated without (control) or with treatments of A-trichothecenes T-2 (100 and 1000 ng/mL)/ HT-2 (100 and 1000 ng/mL) combined with IGF-I (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Progesterone secretion was determined by RIA. The release of P4 by GCs after addition of T-2 toxin (at 100 ng/mL) combined with IGF-I (at 10 but not at 1 and 100 ng/mL) and HT-2 toxin (at 100 ng/mL) combined with IGF-I (at all doses) was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited. On the other hand the release of P4 after addition of T-2/ HT-2 toxin (at 1000 ng/mL) combined with IGF-I (at all doses) was significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated. Alone IGF-I addition (at 10, 100 but not at 1 ng/mL) significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated P4 release by GCs. The results of our in vitro study indicate the T-2 and HT-2 toxins combined with IGF-I could modify progesterone secretion by porcine ovarian granulosa cells and potentially regulate process of steroidogenesis in the ovaries. Currently, occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed is a worldwide problem and therefore study of these toxins as well as their interaction with different substances such as growth factors could be beneficial for better understanding of mechanism of their toxic effects in organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Maruniakova
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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84
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Varughese EE, Brar PS, Honparkhe M, Ghuman SPS. Correlation of Blood Flow of the Preovulatory Follicle to its Diameter and Endocrine Profile in Dairy Buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:140-4. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EE Varughese
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - PS Brar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - M Honparkhe
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - SPS Ghuman
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) Ludhiana Punjab India
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85
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Aad PY, Echternkamp SE, Spicer LJ. Possible role of IGF2 receptors in regulating selection of 2 dominant follicles in cattle selected for twin ovulations and births. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:187-95. [PMID: 24209503 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abundance of IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R), FSH receptor (FSHR), and LH receptor (LHCGR) mRNA in granulosa cells (GCs) or theca cells (TCs) or both cells as well as estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and androstenedione concentrations in follicular fluid were compared in cows genetically selected (Twinner) or not selected (control) for multiple ovulations and twin births. Cows were slaughtered at day 3 to 4 (day 3) and day 5 to 6 (day 5) of an estrous cycle, and ovaries, follicular fluid, GCs, and TCs were collected. The two largest (F1 and F2) E2-active (EA) and E2-inactive (EI) follicles were selected according to their E2-to-P4 ratio and diameter. Androstenedione levels in EA F1 and F2 follicles were 5-fold greater (P < 0.05) in Twinner cows than in control cows on day 3 but did not differ on day 5. Twinner cows also had greater (P < 0.05) E2 and P4 concentrations, whereas steroid levels in EI follicles did not differ (P > 0.10) between genotypes. In EA F2 follicles, IGF2R levels in GCs were greater (P < 0.05) in control cows than in Twinner cows on day 3 and day 5, whereas IGF2R mRNA in TCs did not differ (P > 0.10). On day 3, FSHR mRNA levels were greater (P < 0.05) in GCs of EA F1 and EI F2 follicles of control cows than of Twinner cows. LH receptor mRNA expression was less in GCs and greater in TCs of EA F2 follicles in control cows than in Twinner cows (P < 0.05). We hypothesize that reduced GC IGF2R expression in F2 follicles of Twinner cows may play a role in the development of 2 or more dominant follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Aad
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, 114 Animal Science Bldg., Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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86
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Lents CA, White FJ, Ciccioli NH, Floyd-White LN, Rubio I, Keisler DH, Spicer LJ, Wettemann RP. Metabolic status, gonadotropin secretion, and ovarian function during acute nutrient restriction of beef heifers1,2. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4146-57. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Lents
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - F. J. White
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - N. H. Ciccioli
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - L. N. Floyd-White
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - I. Rubio
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - D. H. Keisler
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - L. J. Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - R. P. Wettemann
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078-0425
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87
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Kim YJ, Ku SY, Kim YY, Liu HC, Chi SW, Kim SH, Choi YM, Kim JG, Moon SY. MicroRNAs transfected into granulosa cells may regulate oocyte meiotic competence during in vitro maturation of mouse follicles. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:3050-61. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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88
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Satrapa RA, Razza EM, Castilho ACS, Simões RAL, Silva CF, Nabhan T, Pegorer MF, Barros CM. Differential Expression of IGF Family Members in Heat-Stressed Embryos ProducedIn Vitrofrom OPU-Derived Oocytes of Nelore (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus) Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:1043-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA Satrapa
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - EM Razza
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - ACS Castilho
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - RAL Simões
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - CF Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - T Nabhan
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - MF Pegorer
- Department of Animal Reproduction; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
| | - CM Barros
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Sao Paulo State; Botucatu Brazil
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89
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Das D, Khan PP, Maitra S. Participation of PI3-kinase/Akt signalling in insulin stimulation of p34cdc2 activation in zebrafish oocyte: phosphodiesterase 3 as a potential downstream target. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 374:46-55. [PMID: 23623869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of fully grown oocytes to growth factors (insulin/IGFs) initiates various signalling cascades that culminate to final stages of oocyte maturation. Regulation of signalling pathways during growth factor-induced meiosis resumption in fish is not well characterized. Here we studied the participation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway during recombinant human insulin (rh-insulin)-induced meiotic maturation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes. Priming of defolliculated oocytes in vitro with rh-insulin promotes germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, an effect sensitive to translation but not transcription inhibition. More than 80% of the oocytes underwent GVBD due to 0.8IU/ml rh-insulin within 10h of incubation and the kinetics of p34cdc2 kinase activation corresponded well with GVBD data. PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002 blocked insulin, but not 17α, 20β-DHP-induced GVBD. Immunoblot analyses of oocyte extract revealed that phospho-PI3K (p85α) was up regulated within 30-60 min of insulin stimulation followed by phospho-Akt (Ser473) at 60-120 min. Though PI3K/Akt phosphorylation was largely unaffected, pre-incubation with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, IBMX and cilostamide, but not rolipram completely blocked rh-insulin-induced p34cdc2 activation and GVBD. These results suggest that PDE3 may be one potential downstream target to PI3K/Akt signalling necessary for rh-insulin-induced GVBD in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Das
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731 235, India
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90
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Effects of bovine somatotropin injection on serum concentrations of progesterone in non-lactating dairy cows. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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91
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Expression levels of mRNA for insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2, IGF receptors and IGF binding proteins in in vivo and in vitro grown bovine follicles. ZYGOTE 2013; 22:521-32. [PMID: 23659735 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199413000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mRNA levels for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) IGF1 (IGF-I) and IGF2 (IGF-II), IGF receptors (IGF1R and IGF2R), and binding proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6) in bovine follicles of 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mm in diameter. mRNA expression levels in in vitro cultured follicles that reached approximately 0.5 mm were compared with that of in vivo grown follicles. IGF1R and IGF2R expression levels in 0.5 mm in vivo follicles were higher than in 1.0 or 0.2 mm follicles, respectively. IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6 showed variable expression in the follicular size classes analyzed. In vitro grown follicles had significantly reduced expression levels for IGF1, IGF1R, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-6 mRNA when compared with 0.2 mm follicles, but, when compared with in vivo grown follicles (0.5 mm), only IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 showed a reduction in their expression. In conclusion, IGFs, their receptors and IGFBPs showed variable expression of mRNA levels in the follicular size classes analyzed.
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92
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Differential expression of members of the IGF system in OPU-derived oocytes from Nelore (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus) cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:155-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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93
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Leiva T, Cooke R, Aboin A, Soares H, Barbosa M, Madureira A, Borges M, Vasconcelos J. Effects of propiogenic ingredients on serum concentration of insulin and progesterone in non-lactating cows. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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94
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Wang LJ, Xiong XR, Zhang H, Li YY, Li Q, Wang YS, Xu WB, Hua S, Zhang Y. Defined media optimization for in vitro culture of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Theriogenology 2013; 78:2110-9. [PMID: 23110954 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to establish an efficient defined culture medium for bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In this study, modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOF) without bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the basic culture medium (BCM), whereas the control medium was BCM with BSA. In Experiment 1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to BCM supported development of SCNT embryos to blastocyst stage, but blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number were both lower (P < 0.05) compared to the undefined group (6.1 vs. 32.6% and 67.3 ± 3.4 vs. 109.3 ± 4.5, respectively). In Experiment 2, myo-inositol, a combination of insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added separately to PVA-supplemented BCM. The blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number of those three groups were dramatically improved compared with that of PVA-supplemented group in Experiment 1 (18.5, 23.0, 24.1 vs. 6.1% and 82.7 ± 2.0, 84.3 ± 4.2, 95.3 ± 3.8 vs. 67.3 ± 3.4, respectively, P < 0.05), but were still lower compared with that of undefined group (33.7% and 113.8 ± 3.4, P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, when a combination of myo-inositol, ITS and EGF were added to PVA-supplemented BCM, blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number were similar to that of undefined group (30.4 vs. 31.1% and 109.3 ± 4.4 vs. 112.0 ± 3.6, P > 0.05). In Experiment 4, when blastocysts were cryopreserved and subsequently thawed, there were no significant differences between the optimized defined group (Experiment 3) and undefined group in survival rate and 24 and 48 h hatching blastocyst rates. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in expression levels of H19, HSP70 and BAX in blastocysts derived from optimized defined medium and undefined medium, although the relative expression abundance of IGF-2 was significantly decreased in the former. In conclusion, a defined culture medium containing PVA, myo-inositol, ITS, and EGF supported in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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95
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Cooke RF, Bohnert DW, Francisco CL, Marques RS, Mueller CJ, Keisler DH. Effects of bovine somatotropin administration on growth, physiological, and reproductive responses of replacement beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2894-901. [PMID: 23478831 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment compared growth, body composition, plasma IGF-I and leptin, and reproductive development of beef heifers receiving or not recombinant bovine ST (BST) beginning after weaning until the first breeding season. Fifty Angus × Hereford heifers (initial BW = 219 ± 2 kg; initial age = 208 ± 2 d), weaned at approximately 6 mo of age, were assigned to the experiment (d 0 to 210). On d 0, heifers were ranked by initial BW and age and assigned to 1) treatment with BST or 2) saline control. Heifers assigned to the BST treatment received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections containing 250 mg of sometribove zinc whereas control heifers received a 5-mL s.c. injection of 0.9% saline every 14 d. Treatments were initiated on d 14 and last administered on d 196. Heifers were maintained on separate pastures harvested for hay the previous summer according to treatment and received grass and alfalfa hay at a rate to provide a daily amount of 7.0 and 1.0 kg of DM per heifer, respectively. Heifer shrunk BW was collected on d 1 and 211 for heifer ADG calculation. Blood samples were collected weekly from d 0 to 210 for determination of plasma progesterone to estimate puberty attainment as well as plasma concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in selected samples. On d 0, 63, 133, and 189, heifers were evaluated for intramuscular marbling, LM depth, and backfat thickness via real-time ultrasonography. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.27) for heifer ADG (0.49 vs. 0.51 kg/d for control and BST heifers, respectively; SEM = 0.02). Mean backfat thickness was lesser (P < 0.01) in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (3.56 vs. 3.92 mm, respectively; SEM = 0.08). Heifers receiving BST had greater plasma IGF-I concentrations compared with control cohorts 7 d after treatment administration (treatment × day interaction; P < 0.01). Mean plasma leptin concentrations were lesser (P = 0.05) in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (1.82 vs. 2.03 ng/mL, respectively; SEM = 0.07). Onset of puberty was hastened in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (treatment × day interaction; P = 0.04). In summary, a greater proportion of BST heifers reached puberty during the experiment compared with control cohorts, despite lesser plasma leptin concentrations, backfat thickness, and similar ADG. Hence, circulating IGF-I was positively associated with hastened puberty attainment independently of growth rate, circulating leptin concentrations, and body fat content of replacement beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Cooke
- Oregon State University - Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720, USA.
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96
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Nicolini P, Carriquiry M, Meikle A. A polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene is associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:11. [PMID: 23409757 PMCID: PMC3599257 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene is considered as a promising candidate for the identification of polymorphisms affecting cattle performance. The objectives of the current study were to determine the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) IGF-1/SnaBI with fertility, milk production and body condition traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows under grazing conditions. Methods Seventy multiparous cows from a commercial herd were genotyped for the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI. Fertility measures evaluated were: interval to commencement of luteal activity (CLA), calving to first service (CFS) and calving to conception (CC) intervals. Milk production and body condition score were also evaluated. The study period extended from 3 wk before calving to the fourth month of lactation. Results and discussion Frequencies of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI alleles A and B were 0.59 and 0.41, respectively. Genotype frequencies were 0.31, 0.54 and 0.14 for AA, AB and BB, respectively. Cows with the AA genotype presented an early CLA and were more likely to resume ovarian cyclicity in the early postpartum than AB and BB ones. No effect of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI genotype was evidenced on body condition change over the experimental period, suggesting that energy balance is not responsible for the outcome of postpartum ovarian resumption in this study. Traditional fertility measures were not affected by the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first report describing an association of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI with an endocrine fertility measure like CLA in cattle. Results herein remark the important role of the IGF-1gene in the fertility of dairy cows on early lactation and make the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI an interesting candidate marker for genetic improvement of fertility in dairy cattle.
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97
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King SM, Modi DA, Eddie SL, Burdette JE. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling increases proliferation and hyperplasia of the ovarian surface epithelium and decreases follicular integrity through upregulation of the PI3-kinase pathway. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:12. [PMID: 23388061 PMCID: PMC3724505 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovarian surface epithelium responds to cytokines and hormonal cues to initiate proliferation and migration following ovulation. Although insulin and IGF are potent proliferative factors for the ovarian surface epithelium and IGF is required for follicle development, increased insulin and IGF activity are correlated with at least two gynecologic conditions: polycystic ovary syndrome and epithelial ovarian cancer. Although insulin and IGF are often components of in vitro culture media, little is known about the effects that these growth factors may have on the ovarian surface epithelium morphology or how signaling in the ovarian surface may affect follicular health and development. METHODS Ovaries from CD1 mice were cultured in alginate hydrogels in the presence or absence of 5 μg/ml insulin or IGF-I, as well as small molecule inhibitors of IR/IGF1R, PI 3-kinase signaling, or MAPK signaling. Tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of cytokeratin 8 to mark the ovarian surface epithelium, Müllerian inhibiting substance to mark secondary follicles, and BrdU incorporation to assess proliferation. Changes in gene expression in the ovarian surface epithelium in response to insulin or IGF-I were analyzed by transcription array. Extracellular matrix organization was evaluated by expression and localization of collagen IV. RESULTS Culture of ovarian organoids with insulin or IGF-I resulted in formation of hyperplastic OSE approximately 4-6 cell layers thick with a high rate of proliferation, as well as decreased MIS expression in secondary follicles. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway restored MIS expression reduced by insulin but only partially restored normal OSE growth and morphology. Inhibition of the PI 3-kinase pathway restored MIS expression reduced by IGF-I and restored OSE growth to a single cell layer. Insulin and IGF-I altered organization of collagen IV, which was restored by inhibition of PI 3-kinase signaling. CONCLUSIONS While insulin and IGF are often required for propagation of primary cells, these cytokines may act as potent mitogens to disrupt cell growth, resulting in formation of hyperplastic OSE and decreased follicular integrity as measured by MIS expression and collagen deposition. This may be due partly to altered collagen IV deposition and organization in the ovary in response to insulin and IGF signaling mediated by PI 3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby M King
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois, 900 S, Ashland Room 3202, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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98
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Vieira F, Cooke R, Aboin A, Lima P, Vasconcelos J. Short communication: Acute but transient increase in serum insulin reduces messenger RNA expression of hepatic enzymes associated with progesterone catabolism in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1085-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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99
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Hernandez-Medrano JH, Campbell BK, Webb R. Nutritional influences on folliculogenesis. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:274-82. [PMID: 22827381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is an intricate process that involves the proliferation and differentiation of both somatic and germ cells. This process depends on complex interactions between systemic factors such as both pituitary gonadotrophins and metabolic hormones and/or local factors produced by the ovarian somatic and germ cells, such as the IGF system and TGF-β superfamily members. In domestic ruminants, follicular development begins during foetal life with formation of primordial follicles from the association of germ cells and pre-granulosa cells. After follicular formation, folliculogenesis begins with a primordial follicle progressing into more developed stages (i.e. primary, secondary, pre-antral and antral) in a continuous, progressive process to either ovulation or, as in most cases, to atresia. Even early stages of follicular formation and subsequent development are influenced by both internal (e.g. genotype) and/or external environmental (e.g. nutrition and season) factors. Among these external factors, nutrition is one of the most important affecting reproductive function, and this is the focus of this review, because other reviews in this issue discuss other environmental factors. A number of studies have now shown that nutrition can have both positive and negative effects on follicular growth, oestrous activity, oocyte quality, blastocyst development and pregnancy outcome. Therefore, understanding the intricate processes involved during folliculogenesis and the ways in which factors, such as nutrition, affect them is leading to new opportunities to improve pregnancy rates by influencing follicle development and oocyte quality. This review will focus on follicular development from foetal to adult stages and the influences that nutrition has during some of these developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hernandez-Medrano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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100
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Metformin enhances the action of insulin on porcine granulosa-lutein cells in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 136:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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