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Nguyen TH, Nguyen PD, Quetin-Leclercq J, Muller M, Ly Huong DT, Pham HT, Kestemont P. Developmental toxicity of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum turcz ethanol extract in zebrafish embryo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113538. [PMID: 33144170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In spite of its therapeutic applications, research on its toxicity and teratogenicity is still limited. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of the ethanol extract of C. cyrtophyllum (EE) in zebrafish embryo model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Major compounds from crude ethanol extract of Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz leaves were determined using HPLC-DAD-Orbitrap-MS analysis. The developmental toxicity of EE were investigated using zebrafish embryo model. Zebrafish embryos at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) were treated with EE at different concentrations. Egg coagulation, mortality, hatching, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema and teratogenicity were recorded each day for during a 5-day exposure. At time point 120 hpf, body length, pericardial area, heartbeat and yolk sac area were assessed. In order to elucidate molecular mechanisms for the developmental toxicity of EE, we further evaluated the effects of the EE on the expression of genes involved on signaling pathways affecting fish embryo's development such as heart development (gata5, myl7, myh6, has2, hand2, nkx 2.5), oxidative stress (cat, sod1, gpx4, gstp2), wnt pathway (β-catenin, wnt3a, wnt5, wnt8a, wnt11), or cell apoptosis (p53, bax, bcl2, casp3, casp8, casp9, apaf-1, gadd45bb) using qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that three major components including acteoside, cirsilineol and cirsilineol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified from EE. EE exposure during 6-96 h post-fertilization (hpf) at doses ranging from 80 to 200 μg/mL increased embryo mortality and reduced hatching rate. EE exposure at 20 and 40 μg/mL until 72-120 hpf induced a series of malformations, including yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, spine deformation, shorter body length. Based on two prediction models using a teratogenic index (TI), a 25% lethality concentration (LD25) and the no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), EE is considered as teratogenic for zebrafish embryos with TI (LC50/EC50) and LD25/NOAEC values at 96 hpf reaching 3.87 and 15.73 respectively. The mRNA expression levels of p53, casp8, bax/bcl2, gstp2, nkx2.5, wnt3a, wnt11, gadd45bb and gata5 were significantly upregulated by EE exposure at 20 and 40 μg/mL while the expression of wnt5, hand2 and bcl2 were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for toxicity effects of EE to embryo stages and provide an insight into the potential toxicity mechanisms on embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Nguyen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium; Pharmacology Department, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuc-Dam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Education, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) Pharmacognosy Research Group, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) Pharmacognosy Research Group, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marc Muller
- Dept. Life Sciences, GIGA-R, Lab. for Organogenesis and Regeneration, University of Liege, 4000, Liège 1, Belgium.
| | | | - Hai The Pham
- Department of Mỉcrobiology and Center for Life Science Research (CELIFE), Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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Tang D, Geng F, Yu C, Zhang R. Recent Application of Zebrafish Models in Atherosclerosis Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643697. [PMID: 33718384 PMCID: PMC7947229 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Establishing animal models of atherosclerosis is of great benefit for studying its complicated pathogenesis and screening and evaluating related drugs. Although researchers have generated a variety of models for atherosclerosis study in rabbits, mice and rats, the limitations of these models make it difficult to monitor the development of atherosclerosis, and these models are unsuitable for large scale screening of potential therapeutic targets. On the contrast, zebrafish can fulfill these purposes thanks to their fecundity, rapid development ex utero, embryonic transparency, and conserved lipid metabolism process. Thus, zebrafish have become a popular alternative animal model for atherosclerosis research. In this mini review, we summarize different zebrafish models used to study atherosclerosis, focusing on the latest applications of these models to the dynamic monitoring of atherosclerosis progression, mechanistic study of therapeutic intervention and drug screening, and assessment of the impacts of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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53
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Ka J, Jin SW. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Dyslipidemia and Associated Diseases. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 10:42-56. [PMID: 33537252 PMCID: PMC7838516 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death in humans. While cellular and molecular basis on the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia has been extensively investigated over decades, we still lack comprehensive understanding on the etiology of dyslipidemia due to the complexity and the innate multimodality of the diseases. While mouse has been the model organism of choice to investigate the pathophysiology of human dyslipidemia, zebrafish, a small freshwater fish which has traditionally used to study vertebrate development, has recently emerged as an alternative model organism. In this review, we will provide comprehensive perspective on zebrafish as a model organism for human dyslipidemia; we will discuss the attributes of zebrafish as a model, and compare the lipid metabolism in zebrafish and humans. In addition, we will summarize current landscape of zebrafish-based dyslipidemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ka
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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54
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Diazepam and Its Disinfection Byproduct Promote the Early Development of Nervous System in Zebrafish Embryos. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The widely used diazepam, as central nervous system inhibitor, has found to be ubiquitous in surface water and drinking water. Moreover, a series of byproducts such as 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (MACB) were generated after the chlorine disinfection process. However, little information is available about the neurobiological effects of these emerging chemicals at low doses, especially on infants and children. Here, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to diazepam and MACB at 0.05, 0.5, and 5 nM, which were equivalent to environmental levels. Both diazepam and MACB increased the somite number and promoted nervous development of transgenic zebrafish [Tg (elavl3: EGFP) larvae] at 72 hours postfertilization ( hpf). Both diazepam and MACB also disrupted the homeostasis of adenosine monophosphate, valine, methionine, and fumaric acid in zebrafish embryos at 12 hpf. Additionally, the locomotor behavior activity of zebrafish was significantly enhanced after 120-hour sustained exposure to diazepam or MACB. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of oct4, sox2, and nanog, modulating the pluripotency and self-renewal, were upregulated by diazepam and MACB in zebrafish embryo. Altogether, diazepam and MACB stimulate developmental neurogenesis and may induce neuronal excitotoxicity at quite low doses. These results indicated that the chronic exposure to psychoactive drugs may pose a potential risk to the development of the nervous system in infancy.
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55
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Martínez R, Codina AE, Barata C, Tauler R, Piña B, Navarro-Martín L. Transcriptomic effects of tributyltin (TBT) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. A functional benchmark dose analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122881. [PMID: 32474318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the antifouling tributyltin (TBT) has been related to imposex in mollusks and to obesogenicity, adipogenesis and masculinization in fish. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, we evaluated dose-response effects of TBT (1.7-56 nM) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos transcriptome exposed from 2 to 5 days post-fertilization. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 3238 differentially expressed transcripts in eleutheroembryos exposed to TBT. Benchmark dose analyses (BMD) showed that the point of departure (PoD) for transcriptomic effects (9.28 nM) was similar to the metabolomic PoD (11.5 nM) and about one order of magnitude lower than the morphometric PoD (67.9 nM) or the median lethal concentration (LC50: 93.6 nM). Functional analysis of BMD transcriptomic data identified steroid metabolism and cholesterol and vitamin D3 biosynthesis as the most sensitive pathways to TBT (<50% PoD). Conversely, transcripts related to general stress and DNA damage became affected only at doses above the PoD. Therefore, our results indicate that transcriptomes can act as early molecular indicators of pollutant exposure, and illustrates their usefulness for the mechanistic identification of the initial toxic events. As the estimated molecular PoDs are close to environmental levels, we concluded that TBT may represent a substantial risk in some natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya 08007, Spain.
| | - Anna E Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Romà Tauler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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56
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Yang C, Song G, Lim W. A review of the toxicity in fish exposed to antibiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108840. [PMID: 32640291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of human and veterinary diseases and are being used worldwide in the agriculture industry to promote livestock growth. However, a variety of antibiotics that are found in aquatic environments are toxic to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics are not completely removed by wastewater treatment plants and are therefore released into aquatic environments, which raises concern about the destruction of the ecosystem owing to their non-target effects. Since antibiotics are designed to be persistent and work steadily in the body, their chronic toxicity effects have been studied in aquatic microorganisms. However, research on the toxicity of antibiotics in fish at the top of the aquatic food chain is relatively poor. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the reported toxicity studies with antibiotics in fish, including zebrafish, to date. Four antibiotic types; quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides, which are thought to be genetically toxic to fish have been reported to bioaccumulate in fish tissues, as well as in aquatic environments such as rivers and surface water. The adverse effects of these antibiotics are known to cause damage to developmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems, as well as in altering anti-oxidant and immune responses, in fish. Therefore, there are serious concerns about the toxicity of antibiotics in fish and further research and strategies are needed to prevent them in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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57
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Peroxisomal Cofactor Transport. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081174. [PMID: 32806597 PMCID: PMC7463629 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are essential for growth and development. They are highly metabolically active and house many biochemical reactions, including lipid metabolism and synthesis of signaling molecules. Most of these metabolic pathways are shared with other compartments, such as Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and plastids. Peroxisomes, in common with all other cellular organelles are dependent on a wide range of cofactors, such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), Coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The availability of the peroxisomal cofactor pool controls peroxisome function. The levels of these cofactors available for peroxisomal metabolism is determined by the balance between synthesis, import, export, binding, and degradation. Since the final steps of cofactor synthesis are thought to be located in the cytosol, cofactors must be imported into peroxisomes. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the permeability of the peroxisomal membrane with the focus on ATP, CoA, and NAD. Several members of the mitochondrial carrier family are located in peroxisomes, catalyzing the transfer of these organic cofactors across the peroxisomal membrane. Most of the functions of these peroxisomal cofactor transporters are known from studies in yeast, humans, and plants. Parallels and differences between the transporters in the different organisms are discussed here.
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58
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Vieira LR, Hissa DC, de Souza TM, Sá CA, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, Carvalho AFU, Farias DF. Proteomics analysis of zebrafish larvae exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline using the fish embryo acute toxicity test. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:849-860. [PMID: 32170993 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small teleost fish that is becoming increasingly popular in laboratories worldwide and several attributes have also placed the zebrafish under the spotlight of (eco)toxicological studies. Since the 1990s, international organizations such as ISO and OECD have published guidelines for the use of zebrafish in ecotoxicological assessment of environmental toxicants such as the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test, OECD n° 236 guideline. This protocol uses 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), an aniline pesticide whose toxicity to fish species at early life stages is well known, as a positive control. Despite its use, little is known about its molecular mechanisms, especially in the context of the FET test. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate such changes in zebrafish larvae exposed to DCA (4 mg/L) for 96 hours using gel-free proteomics. Twenty-four proteins detected in both groups were identified as significantly affected by DCA exposure, and, when considering group-specific entities, 48 proteins were exclusive to DCA (group-specific proteins) while 248 were only detected in the control group. Proteins modulated by DCA treatment were found to be involved in metabolic processes, especially lipids and hormone metabolism (eg, Apoa1 and Apoa1b and vitelogenins), as well as proteins important for developmental processes and organogenesis (eg, Myhc4, Acta2, Sncb, and Marcksb). The results presented here may therefore provide a better understanding of the relationships between molecular changes and phenotype in zebrafish larvae treated with DCA, the reference compound of the FET test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Denise C Hissa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria de Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chayenne A Sá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Joseph A M Evaristo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Ngumbela XG, Khalema EN, Nzimakwe TI. Local worlds: Vulnerability and food insecurity in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. JAMBA (POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA) 2020; 12:830. [PMID: 32832036 PMCID: PMC7433249 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v12i1.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming finding is that after more than a decade of democracy, the Eastern Cape (EC) province remains trapped in structural poverty. This shows in all aspects of its demographic, health and socio-economic profiles. Methods, measurements and statistics vary, but from the various studies and data sets one can attest that the majority of the population still lives in poverty. Despite the democratic transformation that began in South Africa in 1994, poverty, unemployment and inequality exist today along with the food insecurity that is symptomatic of them. Food insecurity in South Africa varies across its nine provinces, with the EC province frequently measured as the poorest province in the country. This article examines the extent to which the EC can be defined as vulnerable to food insecurity by using a review of current literature. These vulnerabilities are compounded by the environmental vulnerability factors of climate change and drought, which affect households' ability to grow food. The elderly and children are affected by life cycle vulnerability factors, with children prone to malnutrition and the elderly unable to work to produce food. Race and gender are associated with vulnerability to food insecurity. Most of the people in the EC who are poor and are African, and a high percentage of women-headed households is poor. The vulnerability factors identified suggest that job creation and agricultural productivity may be useful ways of targeting food insecurity. Interventions need to take local contexts into account and focus on particular communities and their unique needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xolisile G Ngumbela
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
| | - Ernest N Khalema
- School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thokozani I Nzimakwe
- School of Management, IT and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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60
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McClean CM, Tobin DM. Early cell-autonomous accumulation of neutral lipids during infection promotes mycobacterial growth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232251. [PMID: 32407412 PMCID: PMC7224534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids represent an important source of nutrition for infecting mycobacteria, accumulating within the necrotic core of granulomas and present in foamy macrophages associated with mycobacterial infection. In order to better understand the timing, process and importance of lipid accumulation, we developed methods for direct in vivo visualization and quantification of this process using the zebrafish-M. marinum larval model of infection. We find that neutral lipids accumulate cell-autonomously in mycobacterium-infected macrophages in vivo during early infection, with detectable levels of accumulation by two days post-infection. Treatment with ezetimibe, an FDA-approved drug, resulted in decreased levels of free cholesterol and neutral lipids, and a reduction of bacterial growth in vivo. The effect of ezetimibe in reducing bacterial growth was dependent on the mce4 operon, a key bacterial determinant of lipid utilization. Thus, in vivo, lipid accumulation can occur cell-autonomously at early timepoints of mycobacterial infection, and limitation of this process results in decreased bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. McClean
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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61
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Stutts WL, Knuth MM, Ekelöf M, Mahapatra D, Kullman SW, Muddiman DC. Methods for Cryosectioning and Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Whole-Body Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:768-772. [PMID: 32129621 PMCID: PMC9375048 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal model for whole animal studies of lipid metabolism and lipid-related disease. In this work, infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was applied for direct visualization of lipid and metabolite distributions across various organs in whole-body zebrafish tissue sections. Detailed methods for overcoming the challenges of cryosectioning adult male zebrafish for MSI and complementary histological imaging are described. Representative two-dimensional ion maps demonstrated organ specific localization of lipid analytes allowing for visualization of areas of interest including the brain, liver, intestines, and skeletal muscle. A high resolving power mass spectrometer was utilized for accurate mass measurements, which permitted the use of open-source, web-based tools for MS1 annotations including METASPACE and METLIN. Whole-body MSI with IR-MALDESI allowed for broad lipid coverage with high spatial resolution, illustrating the potential of this technique for studying lipid-related diseases using zebrafish as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Stutts
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Correspondence to: Whitney Stutts;
| | - Megan M. Knuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Debabrata Mahapatra
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - David C. Muddiman
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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62
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Arjmand B, Tayanloo-Beik A, Foroughi Heravani N, Alaei S, Payab M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Goodarzi P, Gholami M, Larijani B. Zebrafish for Personalized Regenerative Medicine; A More Predictive Humanized Model of Endocrine Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32765420 PMCID: PMC7379230 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to determine different factors and develop various methods to regenerate impaired tissues, organs, and cells in the disease and impairment conditions. When treatment procedures are specified according to the individual's information, the leading role of personalized regenerative medicine will be revealed in developing more effective therapies. In this concept, endocrine disorders can be considered as potential candidates for regenerative medicine application. Diabetes mellitus as a worldwide prevalent endocrine disease causes different damages such as blood vessel damages, pancreatic damages, and impaired wound healing. Therefore, a global effort has been devoted to diabetes mellitus investigations. Hereupon, the preclinical study is a fundamental step. Up to now, several species of animals have been modeled to identify the mechanism of multiple diseases. However, more recent researches have been demonstrated that animal models with the ability of tissue regeneration are more suitable choices for regenerative medicine studies in endocrine disorders, typically diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, zebrafish has been introduced as a model that possesses the capacity to regenerate different organs and tissues. Especially, fine regeneration in zebrafish has been broadly investigated in the regenerative medicine field. In addition, zebrafish is a suitable model for studying a variety of different situations. For instance, it has been used for developmental studies because of the special characteristics of its larva. In this review, we discuss the features of zebrafish that make it a desirable animal model, the advantages of zebrafish and recent research that shows zebrafish is a promising animal model for personalized regenerative diseases. Ultimately, we conclude that as a newly introduced model, zebrafish can have a leading role in regeneration studies of endocrine diseases and provide a good perception of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Bagher Larijani
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63
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Walsh MT, Celestin OM, Thierer JH, Rajan S, Farber SA, Hussain MM. Model systems for studying the assembly, trafficking, and secretion of apoB lipoproteins using fluorescent fusion proteins. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:316-327. [PMID: 31888978 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
apoB exists as apoB100 and apoB48, which are mainly found in hepatic VLDLs and intestinal chylomicrons, respectively. Elevated plasma levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins (Blps) contribute to coronary artery disease, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic conditions. Studying the mechanisms that drive the assembly, intracellular trafficking, secretion, and function of Blps remains challenging. Our understanding of the intracellular and intraorganism trafficking of Blps can be greatly enhanced, however, with the availability of fusion proteins that can help visualize Blp transport within cells and between tissues. We designed three plasmids expressing human apoB fluorescent fusion proteins: apoB48-GFP, apoB100-GFP, and apoB48-mCherry. In Cos-7 cells, transiently expressed fluorescent apoB proteins colocalized with calnexin and were only secreted if cells were cotransfected with microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. The secreted apoB-fusion proteins retained the fluorescent protein and were secreted as lipoproteins with flotation densities similar to plasma HDL and LDL. In a rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cell line, the human apoB100 fusion protein was secreted as VLDL- and LDL-sized particles, and the apoB48 fusion proteins were secreted as LDL- and HDL-sized particles. To monitor lipoprotein trafficking in vivo, the apoB48-mCherry construct was transiently expressed in zebrafish larvae and was detected throughout the liver. These experiments show that the addition of fluorescent proteins to the C terminus of apoB does not disrupt their assembly, localization, secretion, or endocytosis. The availability of fluorescently labeled apoB proteins will facilitate the exploration of the assembly, degradation, and transport of Blps and help to identify novel compounds that interfere with these processes via high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Walsh
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Oni M Celestin
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - James H Thierer
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York .,Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY.,Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
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64
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Kaur N, Chugh H, Tomar V, Sakharkar MK, Dass SK, Chandra R. Cinnamon attenuates adiposity and affects the expression of metabolic genes in Diet-Induced obesity model of zebrafish. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2930-2939. [PMID: 31317780 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1641509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide with about 30% of the world population classified as obese. Obese body structure results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure in an individual. Increase in the consumption of high-energy eatables, in the context of portion and energy provided, has resulted in obese populations which is becoming the leading cause of metabolic disorders related to morbidity. The obesity-related comorbidity is an enormous liability on health services and will affect measures taken in tackling the increasing obesity rate. Prevention of an obese phenotype is the most suitable long-term strategy. Another approach towards the treatment of obesity is weight management through phytotherapeutics. In this study, we explored the anti-obesity effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in adult male zebrafish. Through BMI measurements, blood glucose level analyses, serum triglyceride analyses, Oil Red O staining as well as quantitative Real Time-PCR, the ability of cinnamon to reduce metabolic disorders associated with obesity is investigated for the first time in a zebrafish model. Our studies indicate that cinnamon ameliorates the genotypic and phonotypic characteristics associated with obesity through lowering of BMI, blood glucose, triglyceride levels, lipid levels in the liver and through gene modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navrinder Kaur
- a Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India.,b Department of Research and Education, Artemis Hospitals , Gurgaon , India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- a Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Vartika Tomar
- a Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | | | - Sujata K Dass
- d Department of Neurology, B.L. Kapur Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- a Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India.,e Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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65
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Zhao X, Chen J, Zhang W, Yang C, Ma X, Zhang S, Zhang X. Lipid Alterations during Zebrafish Embryogenesis Revealed by Dynamic Mass Spectrometry Profiling with C=C Specificity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2646-2654. [PMID: 31628596 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipids exert substantial influences on vertebrate embryogenesis, but their metabolic dynamics at detailed structural levels remains elusive, primarily owing to the lack of a tool capable of resolving their huge structural diversity. Herein, we present the first large-scale and spatiotemporal monitoring of unsaturated lipids with C=C specificity in single developing zebrafish embryos enabled by photochemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The lipid isomer composition was found extremely stable in yolk throughout embryogenesis, while notable differences in ratios of C=C location (e.g., PC 16:0_16:1 (7) vs. 16:0_16:1 (9)) and fatty acyl composition isomers (e.g., PC 16:1_18:1 vs. 16:0_18:2) were unveiled between blastomeres and yolk from zygote to 4 h post fertilization (hpf). From 24 hpf onwards, lipid isomer compositions in embryo head and tail evolved distinctively with development, suggesting a meticulously regulated lipid remodeling essential for cell division and differentiation. This work has laid the foundation for functional studies of structurally defined lipids in vertebrate embryology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengdui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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66
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Luo H, Li QQ, Wu N, Shen YG, Liao WT, Yang Y, Dong E, Zhang GM, Liu BR, Yue XZ, Tang XQ, Yang HS. Chronological in vivo imaging reveals endothelial inflammation prior to neutrophils accumulation and lipid deposition in HCD-fed zebrafish. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:125-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Black Raspberry ( Rubus coreanus Miquel) Promotes Browning of Preadipocytes and Inguinal White Adipose Tissue in Cold-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092164. [PMID: 31509935 PMCID: PMC6769844 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of white adipose tissue (WAT) "browning", a change of white into beige fat, has been considered as a new therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. In this study, we investigated the browning effect of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) using in vitro and in vivo models. Black raspberry water extract (BRWE) treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and zebrafish. To evaluate the thermogenic activity, BRWE was orally administered for 2 weeks, and then, the mice were placed in a 4 °C environment. As a result, BRWE treatment increased rectal temperature and inguinal WAT (iWAT) thermogenesis by inducing the expression of beige fat specific markers such as PR domain zinc-finger protein 16 (PRDM16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), and t-box protein 1 (TBX1) in cold-exposed mice. Furthermore, ellagic acid (EA), a constituent of BRWE, markedly promoted beige specific markers: UCP1, PGC1α, TBX1, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 in beige differentiation media (DM)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings indicate that BRWE can promote beige differentiation/activation, and EA is the active compound responsible for such effect. Thus, we suggest the nature-derived agents BRWE and EA as potential agents for obesity treatment.
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68
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Bautista NM, Burggren WW. Parental stressor exposure simultaneously conveys both adaptive and maladaptive larval phenotypes through epigenetic inheritance in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.208918. [PMID: 31416900 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic modifications occur slowly across generations, whereas short-term epigenetic inheritance of adaptive phenotypes may be immediately beneficial to large numbers of individuals, acting as a bridge for survival when adverse environments occur. In the present study, crude oil was used as an example of an environmental stressor. Adult zebrafish (P0) were dietarily exposed for 3 weeks to no, low, medium or high concentrations of crude oil. The F1 offspring obtained from the P0 groups were then assessed for transgenerational epigenetic transfer of oil-induced phenotypes. The exposure did not alter body length, body and organ mass or condition factor in the P0 groups. However, the P0 fecundity of both sexes decreased in proportion to the amount of oil fed. The F1 larvae from each P0 were then exposed from 3 hpf to 5 dpf to oil in their ambient water. Remarkably, F1 larvae derived from oil-exposed parents, when reared in oiled water, showed a 30% enhanced survival compared with controls (P<0.001). Unexpectedly, from day 3 to 5 of exposure, F1 larvae from oil-exposed parents showed poorer survival in clean water (up to 55% decreased survival). Additionally, parental oil exposure induced bradycardia (presumably maladaptive) in F1 larvae in both clean and oiled water. We conclude that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance can lead to an immediate and simultaneous inheritance of both beneficial and maladaptive traits in a large proportion of the F1 larvae. The adaptive responses may help fish populations survive when facing transient environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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69
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Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, El-Seedi HR. The promise of zebrafish as a model of metabolic syndrome. Exp Anim 2019; 68:407-416. [PMID: 31118344 PMCID: PMC6842808 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and
hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this
disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly
gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as
an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology,
transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how
zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different
diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes,
and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model
is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its
genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary
alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding,
and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the
increasing demand for thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.,Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahamad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ashika Jaffar
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Qamar Udin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abd Wahab
- Kulliyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Alrayan Medical colleges, Medina 42541, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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70
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Samaee SM, Manteghi N, Estévez A. Zebrafish as a Model to Screen the Potential of Fatty Acids in Reproduction. Zebrafish 2019; 16:47-64. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee
- Aquatic Laboratory, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Manteghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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71
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Dissecting metabolism using zebrafish models of disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:305-315. [PMID: 30700500 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming an increasingly powerful model organism to study the role of metabolism in disease. Since its inception, the zebrafish model has relied on unique attributes such as the transparency of embryos, high fecundity and conservation with higher vertebrates, to perform phenotype-driven chemical and genetic screens. In this review, we describe how zebrafish have been used to reveal novel mechanisms by which metabolism regulates embryonic development, obesity, fatty liver disease and cancer. In addition, we will highlight how new approaches in advanced microscopy, transcriptomics and metabolomics using zebrafish as a model system have yielded fundamental insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of disease.
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72
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Zou R, Cao W, Chong L, Hua W, Xu H, Mao Y, Page J, Shi R, Xia Y, Hu TY, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Point-of-Care Tissue Analysis Using Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1157-1163. [PMID: 30525456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of direct sampling ionization and miniature mass spectrometer presents a promising technical pathway of point-of-care analysis in clinical applications. In this work, a miniature mass spectrometry system was used for analysis of tissue samples. Direct tissue sampling coupled with extraction spray ionization was used with a home-built miniature mass spectrometer, Mini 12. Lipid species in tissue samples were well profiled in rat brain, kidney, and liver in a couple of minutes. By incorporating a photochemical (Paternò-Büchi) reaction, fast identification of lipid C═C location was realized. Relative quantitation of the lipid C═C isomer was performed by calculating the intensity ratio C═C diagnostic product ions, by which FA 18:1 (Δ9)/FA 18:1 (Δ11) was found to change significantly in mouse cancerous breast tissue samples. Accumulation of 2-hydroxylglutarate in human glioma samples, not in normal brains, can also be easily identified for rapid diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Wenbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Leelyn Chong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 , China
| | - Jessica Page
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Tony Y Hu
- The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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73
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Li X, Xue Y, Pang L, Len B, Lin Z, Huang J, ShangGuan Z, Pan Y. Agaricus bisporus-derived β-glucan prevents obesity through PPAR γ downregulation and autophagy induction in zebrafish fed by chicken egg yolk. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:820-828. [PMID: 30557642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
β-(1,4)-d-Glucan with (1,2) and (1,6)-linked branches (short for β-glucan), extracted from Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing, had significant anti-obesity and lowering-fat effect. FITC-β-glucan was absorbed by adipocytes of zebrafish larvae when stained by Nile Red. β-Glucan decreased the adiposity mass, reduced the expression of ppar g, mtp, L-fabp, ifabp in ISH, which was coincident as the results of RT-PCT. β-Glucan lowered the level of C/EBP α, c SREBP1, LXR α, PPAR γ by WB analysis, which were accompanied by an increase level in LC3 II/LC3 I and a decline level in p62 in dose-dependent manner. This study explored the effect and mechanisms of Agaricus bisporus derived-β-glucan to regulate lipid metabolism and prevent lipid deposits, and provided the experimental data for its use in diet food and food addictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Li
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
| | - Yu Xue
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Liang Pang
- The College of Physical Education, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Bo Len
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Jiafu Huang
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Zhaoshui ShangGuan
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yutian Pan
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China.
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74
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Faillaci F, Milosa F, Critelli RM, Turola E, Schepis F, Villa E. Obese zebrafish: A small fish for a major human health condition. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:255-265. [PMID: 30891575 PMCID: PMC6388073 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a silent worldwide epidemic, with a steady increase in both adults and children. To date, even though several drugs have been licensed for long-term obesity treatment, none of them are yet used in routine clinical practice. So far the only successful intervention has been behavioral therapy. A suitable and economic experimental model mimicking the human condition would therefore be extremely useful to evaluate preventive measures and novel treatments. Zebrafish are emerging as an important model system to study obesity and related metabolic disease. Remarkable similarities have been reported in lipid metabolism and the adipogenic pathway between zebrafish and mammals. Moreover, the zebrafish possesses a number of features-the relative inexpensiveness of animal husbandry, its optical transparency and the ability to produce a large number of offspring at low cost-that make it ideal for large-scale screening and for testing drugs and intervention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in using zebrafish as a model system to study obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. We describe several zebrafish models (in both larvae and adult animals) that develop obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using different approaches, including gene manipulation, diet manipulation and modification of microbiota composition. For these models, we have outlined the specific aspects related to obesity and its development and we have summarized their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Faillaci
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
- National Institute of Gastroenterology“S. de Bellis” Research HospitalCastellana GrotteItaly
| | - Rosina Maria Critelli
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Elena Turola
- Department of Internal MedicineEndocrinology UnitAOU of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Filippo Schepis
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
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75
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Madureira TV, Malhão F, Simões T, Pinheiro I, Lopes C, Gonçalves JF, Urbatzka R, Castro LFC, Lemos MFL, Rocha E. Sex-steroids and hypolipidemic chemicals impacts on brown trout lipid and peroxisome signaling - Molecular, biochemical and morphological insights. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 212:1-17. [PMID: 29885532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism involves complex pathways, which are regulated in a similar way across vertebrates. Hormonal and hypolipidemic deregulations cause lipid imbalance from fish to humans, but the underlying mechanisms are far from understood. This study explores the potential of using juvenile brown trout to evaluate the in vivo interferences caused by estrogenic (17α-ethinylestradiol - EE2), androgenic (testosterone - T), and hypolipidemic (clofibrate - CLF) compounds in lipidic and/or peroxisomal pathways. Studied endpoints were from blood/plasma biochemistry, plasma fatty acid profile, ultrastructure of hepatocytes and abundance of their peroxisomes to mRNA expression in the liver. Both T and CLF caused minimal effects when compared to EE2. Estrogenized fish had significantly higher hepatosomatic indexes, increased triglycerides and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in plasma, compared with solvent control. Morphologically, EE2 fish showed increased lipid droplets in hepatocytes, and EE2 and T reduced volume density of peroxisomes in relation to the hepatic parenchyma. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma, namely n-3 PUFA, increased with EE2. EE2 animals had increased mRNA levels of vitellogenin A (VtgA), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PPARαBa and acyl-CoA long chain synthetase 1 (Acsl1), while ERβ-1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1-3I (Acox1-3I), Acox3, PPARγ, catalase (Cat), urate oxidase (Uox), fatty acid binding protein 1 (Fabp1) and apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) were down-regulated. In summary, in vivo EE2 exposure altered lipid metabolism and peroxisome dynamics in brown trout, namely by changing the mRNA levels of several genes. Our model can be used to study possible organism-level impacts, viz. in gonadogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José F Gonçalves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Aquatic Production Department, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U.Porto), Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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76
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Qian L, Cui F, Yang Y, Liu Y, Qi S, Wang C. Mechanisms of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by boscalid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:478-487. [PMID: 29631138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid has been widely used for controlling various plant diseases. It is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in main coastal estuaries in California, with concentrations as high as 36μg/L, but its ecotoxicology information is scarce. To assess the aquatic risk of boscalid, acute toxicity and sub-lethal developmental toxicity toward zebrafish embryos were determined in the present study. In the acute toxicity test, a series of toxic symptoms of embryos were observed, including abnormal spontaneous movement, slow heartbeat, yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, spine deformation and hatching inhibition, and 96-h-LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of boscalid toward zebrafish embryos was 2.65 (2.506-2.848)mg/L. From the results of the sub-lethal developmental toxicity test, boscalid was confirmed to have a great impact on development mechanisms of zebrafish embryos. Cell apoptosis in embryos was induced by boscalid with upregulation of genes in the cell apoptosis and an increase of capspase-3 and caspase-9 activity in the present study. Lipid metabolism was affected in embryos due to changes in gene expression and the contents of total triacylglyceride and cholesterol. Melanin synthesis and deposition was caused in embryos due to alterations in related gene expression. Overall, changes in cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism and melanin synthesis and deposition might be responsible for developmental toxicity of boscalid to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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77
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Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W. Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30177968 PMCID: PMC6110173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as “diabesity.” The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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78
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Adam AC, Skjærven KH, Whatmore P, Moren M, Lie KK. Parental high dietary arachidonic acid levels modulated the hepatic transcriptome of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) progeny. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201278. [PMID: 30070994 PMCID: PMC6071982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionate high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet is considered as a major human health concern. The present study examines changes in the hepatic gene expression pattern of adult male zebrafish progeny associated with high levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) in the parental diet. The parental generation (F0) was fed a diet which was either low (control) or high in ARA (high ARA). Progenies of both groups (F1) were given the control diet. No differences in body weight were found between the diet groups within adult stages of either F0 or F1 generation. Few differentially expressed genes were observed between the two dietary groups in the F0 in contrast to the F1 generation. Several links were found between the previous metabolic analysis of the parental fish and the gene expression analysis in their adult progeny. Main gene expression differences in the progeny were observed related to lipid and retinoid metabolism by PPARα/RXRα playing a central role in mediating changes to lipid and long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The enrichment of genes involved in β-oxidation observed in the progeny, corresponded to the increase in peroxisomal β-oxidative degradation of long-chain fatty acids in the parental fish metabolomics data. Similar links between the F0 and F1 generation were identified for the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway in the high ARA group. In addition, estrogen signalling was found to be affected by parental high dietary ARA levels, where gene expression was opposite directed in F1 compared to F0. This study shows that the dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio can alter gene expression patterns in the adult progeny. Whether the effect is mediated by permanent epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in developing gametes needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Whatmore
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Moren
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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79
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Piccinetti CC, De Leo A, Cosoli G, Scalise L, Randazzo B, Cerri G, Olivotto I. Measurement of the 100 MHz EMF radiation in vivo effects on zebrafish D. rerio embryonic development: A multidisciplinary study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:268-279. [PMID: 29477917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The augmented exposure of both environment and human being to electromagnetic waves and the concomitant lack of an unequivocal knowledge about biological consequences of these radiations, raised public interest on electromagnetic pollution. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the biological effects on zebrafish (ZF) embryos of 100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure through a multidisciplinary protocol. Because of the shared synteny between human and ZF genomes that validated its use in biomedical research, toxicology and developmental biology studies, ZF was here selected as experimental model and a measurement protocol and biological analyses have been set up to clearly discriminate between RF-EMF biological and thermal effects. The results showed that a 100 MHz EMF was able to affect ZF embryonic development, from 24 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) in all the analyzed pathways. Particularly, at the 48 hpf stage, a reduced growth, an increased transcription of oxidative stress genes, the onset of apoptotic/autophagic processes and a modification in cholesterol metabolism were detected. ZF embryos faced stress induced by EMF radiation by triggering detoxification mechanisms and at 72 hpf they partially recovered from stress reaching the hatching time in a comparable way respect to the control group. Data here obtained showed unequivocally the in vivo effects of RF-EMF on an animal model, excluding thermal outcomes and thus represents the starting point for more comprehensive studies on dose response effects of electromagnetic fields radiations consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carla Piccinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Leo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloria Cosoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scalise
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Graziano Cerri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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80
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Anti-hypercholesterolemic Effect of Berbamine Isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis in Hypercholesterolemic Zebrafish Induced by High-Cholesterol Diet. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:292-306. [PMID: 29755560 PMCID: PMC5937099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of berbamine (BBM) isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) was investigated in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model induced by high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Zebrafish embryo assay revealed no significant difference in morphology and cell death with the treatment of BBM less than 20 μg/mL. In zebrafish larvae, the fluorescently labeled cholesterol in caudal artery was reduced dose-dependently after BBM treatment. For adult zebrafish, administration of 0.2% BBM exhibited a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels by 37%, 38% and 28%, respectively, along with a fall in lipid content in liver. Further investigation suggested that the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in liver were down-regulated and the transcription levels of liver gene low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and cytochrome P450 polypeptide 1a of subfamily A of family 7 (CYP7A1a) were significantly up-regulated with BBM treatment. Histological study showed that BBM can alleviate hepatic steatosis induced by HC diet. These data suggested that BBM has anti-hypercholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects. The mechanism probably related to the up-regulation of cholesterol transport and bile acid synthesis as well as inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein assembly or secretion.
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81
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Hsu CC, Lai CY, Lin CY, Yeh KY, Her GM. MicroRNA-27b Depletion Enhances Endotrophic and Intravascular Lipid Accumulation and Induces Adipocyte Hyperplasia in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E93. [PMID: 29286302 PMCID: PMC5796043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-27b has emerged as a regulatory hub in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and as a potential therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis and obesity. However, the impact of miR-27b on lipid levels in vivo remains to be determined. Zebrafish lipids are normally stored as triacylglycerols (TGs) and their main storage sites are visceral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous lipid depots, and not blood vessels and liver. In this study, we applied microRNA-sponge (miR-SP) technology and generated zebrafish expressing transgenic miR-27b-SP (C27bSPs), which disrupted endogenous miR-27b activity and induced intravascular lipid accumulation (hyperlipidemia) and the early onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Oil Red O staining predominantly increased in the blood vessels and livers of larvae and juvenile C27bSPs, indicating that miR-27b depletion functionally promoted lipid accumulation. C27bSPs also showed an increased weight gain with larger fat pads, resulting from adipocyte hyperplasia. Molecular analysis revealed that miR-27b depletion increased the expression of genes that are associated with lipogenesis and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, miR-27b-SP increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α, and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) expression and contributed to lipogenesis and adipogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-27b-SP acts as a lipid enhancer by directly increasing the expression of several lipogenic/adipogenic transcriptional factors, resulting in increased lipogenesis and adipogenesis. In this study, miR-27b expression improved lipid metabolism in C27bSPs, which suggests that miR-27b is an important lipogenic factor in regulating early onset of hyperlipidemia and adipogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung 427, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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82
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Liu C, Kim YS, Kim J, Pattison J, Kamaid A, Miller YI. Modeling hypercholesterolemia and vascular lipid accumulation in LDL receptor mutant zebrafish. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:391-399. [PMID: 29187523 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma LDL cholesterol is the dominant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Deficiency in the LDL receptor (LDLR) is a major cause of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans, and the LDLR knockout mouse is a major animal model of atherosclerosis. Here we report the generation and characterization of an ldlr mutant zebrafish as a new animal model to study hypercholesterolemia and vascular lipid accumulation, an early event in the development of human atherosclerosis. The ldlr mutant zebrafish were characterized by activated SREBP-2 pathway and developed moderate hypercholesterolemia when fed a normal diet. However, a short-term, 5-day feeding of ldlr mutant larvae with a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) resulted in exacerbated hypercholesterolemia and accumulation of vascular lipid deposits. Lomitapide, an inhibitor of apoB lipoprotein secretion, but not the antioxidant probucol, significantly reduced accumulation of vascular lipid deposits in HCD-fed ldlr mutant larvae. Furthermore, ldlr mutants were defective in hepatic clearance of lipopolysaccharides, resulting in reduced survival. Taken together, our data suggest that the ldlr knockout zebra-fish is a versatile model for studying the function of the LDL receptor, hypercholesterolemia, and related vascular pathology in the context of early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Young Sook Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Republic of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jennifer Pattison
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrés Kamaid
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Republic of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea.,Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Republic of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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83
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Abstract
Zebrafish is an often used model of vertebrate lipid metabolism. In this article, we examined the effects of diets rich in fish oil, a dietary fat that has been shown to have antiobesity effects in mammals, or lard on body fat accumulation in zebrafish. Adult female zebrafish were fed a high-fat diet containing 20% (w/w) fish oil or lard for 4 weeks. Fish in the fish oil diet group had less body fat accumulation compared with those in the lard diet group. In the intestine, expression of genes for the alpha (hadhaa) and beta (hadhb) subunits of the beta-oxidation enzyme hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase was significantly increased in the fish oil diet group compared with the lard diet group (p < 0.05). In the liver, expression of the gene for fatty acid synthase (fasn) was significantly decreased in the fish oil diet group compared with the lard diet group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antiobesity effect of fish oil are similar in zebrafish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Meguro
- Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
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84
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Yeh KY, Lai CY, Lin CY, Hsu CC, Lo CP, Her GM. ATF4 overexpression induces early onset of hyperlipidaemia and hepatic steatosis and enhances adipogenesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16362. [PMID: 29180630 PMCID: PMC5703967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, and regulates several pathological features associated with metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and obesity. However, the role of ATF4 in animal model systems is poorly understood. To investigate ATF4 functions in zebrafish, we conditionally expressed ATF4 proteins, using a Tet-off transgenic system. We observed early-onset hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis in ATF4 transgenic zebrafish (ATs) without doxycycline treatment (ATs − Dox). Oil Red O (ORO)-stained signals were predominant in the intravascular blood vessels and liver buds of larval ATs − Dox, indicating that ATF4 functionally promotes lipogenesis. Further, ATF4 overexpression accompanied the stimulation of the unfolded protein response. Therefore, adult ATs − Dox showed increased lipid accumulation, which led, in turn, to liver steatosis. Liver histology and ORO staining of ATs − Dox hepatocytes also indicated oxidative stress and induced NASH-like phenotypes. Moreover, ATF4 overexpression accelerated adipocyte differentiation via CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma inducible expression. ATs-Dox zebrafish showed increased weight gain with larger fat pads due to adipocyte hyperplasia. In this study, we report that ATF4 is a potential stimulator of lipid biosynthesis and adipogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lo
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
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85
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Takada N, Omae M, Sagawa F, Chi NC, Endo S, Kozawa S, Sato TN. Re-evaluating the functional landscape of the cardiovascular system during development. Biol Open 2017; 6:1756-1770. [PMID: 28982700 PMCID: PMC5703621 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system facilitates body-wide distribution of oxygen, a vital process for the development and survival of virtually all vertebrates. However, the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism, appears to form organs and survive mid-larval periods without a functional cardiovascular system. Despite such dispensability, it is the first organ to develop. Such enigma prompted us to hypothesize other cardiovascular functions that are important for developmental and/or physiological processes. Hence, systematic cellular ablations and functional perturbations were performed on the zebrafish cardiovascular system to gain comprehensive and body-wide understanding of such functions and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. This approach identifies a set of organ-specific genes, each implicated for important functions. The study also unveils distinct cardiovascular mechanisms, each differentially regulating their expressions in organ-specific and oxygen-independent manners. Such mechanisms are mediated by organ-vessel interactions, circulation-dependent signals, and circulation-independent beating-heart-derived signals. A comprehensive and body-wide functional landscape of the cardiovascular system reported herein may provide clues as to why it is the first organ to develop. Furthermore, these data could serve as a resource for the study of organ development and function. Summary: The body-wide landscape of the cardiovascular functions during development is reported. Such landscape may provide clues as to why the cardiovascular system is the first organ to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Takada
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Madoka Omae
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Kyoto University, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sagawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613J, USA
| | - Satsuki Endo
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kozawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Thomas N Sato
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan .,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Centenary Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia
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86
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Thompson WA, Arnold VI, Vijayan MM. Venlafaxine in Embryos Stimulates Neurogenesis and Disrupts Larval Behavior in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12889-12897. [PMID: 29019661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in humans, and this drug is prevalent in municipal wastewater effluents. While studies have shown that this drug affects juvenile fish behavior, little is known about the developmental impact on nontarget aquatic animals. We tested the hypothesis that venlafaxine deposition in the egg, mimicking maternal transfer of this antidepressant, disrupts developmental programming using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. Embryos (1-4 cell stage) were microinjected with either 1 or 10 ng venlafaxine, which led to a rapid reduction (90%) of this drug in the embryo at hatch. There was a concomitant increase in the concentration of the major metabolite o-desmethylvenlafaxine during the same period. Embryonic exposure to venlafaxine accelerated early development, increased hatching rate and produced larger larvae at 5 days post fertilization. Also, there was an increase in neuronal birth in the hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, posterior tuberculum, and the preoptic region, and this corresponded with a higher spatial expression of nrd4, a key marker of neurogenesis. The venlafaxine-exposed larvae were less active and covered shorter distance in a light and dark behavioral test compared to the controls. Overall, zygotic exposure to venlafaxine disrupts early development, including brain function, and compromises larval behavior, suggesting impact of this drug on developmental programming in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Victoria I Arnold
- Water Resources, The City of Calgary, P.O. Box 2100, Stn. M, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2P 2M5
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4
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87
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Cunha V, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Castro LFC, Ferreira M. Simvastatin modulates gene expression of key receptors in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:465-476. [PMID: 28682217 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1335258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) are involved in the regulation of several metabolic processes and it is well known that these constituents may be modulated by different chemicals classes, including pharmaceuticals that may activate or antagonize NR. In mammals, some pharmaceuticals modulate the transcription of pregnane X receptor, Pxr, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Ppars, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Ahr, affecting mRNA expression of genes belonging to various regulatory pathways, including lipid metabolism and detoxification mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of simvastatin (SIM), an anticholesterolemic drug, on selected NR and AhR mRNA transcription levels during zebrafish early development. Embryos were collected at different development stages (0, 2, 6, 14, 24, 48, and 72 hr post fertilization (hpf)) and mRNA of all target NR was detected at all time points. Embryos (1 and 24 hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of SIM (5 or 50 μg/L) in two differing assays with varying exposure times (2 or 80 hr). The transcription levels of ahr2, raraa, rarab, rarga, pparαa, pparβ1, pparγ, pxr, rxraa, rxrab, rxrbb, rxrga, rxrgb, as well as levels of cholesterol (Chol) were measured after exposure. SIM exerted no marked effect on Chol levels, and depending upon exposure duration mRNA levels of NR and AhR either increased or decreased. After 2 hr SIM treatment in 24 hpf embryos, transcription of ppars, pxr, and ahr was up-regulated, while after 80 hr mRNA levels of pxr and ahr were decreased with no marked changes in ppars. Data demonstrate that SIM produced alterations in gene expression of NR which are involved in varying physiological functions and that may disturb regulation of different physiological processes which might impair fish survival and ecosystems regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - M M Santos
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- d I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - L F C Castro
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- e School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science , Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Private mail box, Laucala Bay Road , Suva , Fiji Islands
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88
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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89
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Pirro V, Guffey SC, Sepúlveda MS, Mahapatra CT, Ferreira CR, Jarmusch AK, Cooks RG. Lipid dynamics in zebrafish embryonic development observed by DESI-MS imaging and nanoelectrospray-MS. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2069-79. [PMID: 27120110 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish Danio rerio is a model vertebrate organism for understanding biological mechanisms. Recent studies have explored using zebrafish as a model for lipid-related diseases, for in vivo fish bioassays, and for embryonic toxicity experiments. Mass spectrometry (MS) and MS imaging are established tools for lipid profiling and spatial mapping of biomolecules and offer rapid, sensitive, and simple analytical protocols for zebrafish analysis. When ambient ionization techniques are used, ions are generated in native environmental conditions, requiring neither sample preparation nor separation of molecules prior to MS. We used two direct MS techniques to describe the dynamics of the lipid profile during zebrafish embryonic development from 0 to 96 hours post-fertilization and to explore these analytical approaches as molecular diagnostic assays. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS imaging followed by nanoelectrospray (nESI) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) were used in positive and negative ion modes, allowing the detection of a large variety of phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, ubiquinone, squalene, and other lipids, and revealed information on the spatial distributions of lipids within the embryo and on lipid molecular structure. Differences were observed in the relative ion abundances of free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and ubiquinone - essentially localized to the yolk - across developmental stages, whereas no relevant differences were found in the distribution of complex membrane glycerophospholipids, indicating conserved lipid constitution. Embryos exposed to trichloroethylene for 72 hours exhibited an altered lipid profile, indicating the potential utility of this technique for testing the effects of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pirro
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S C Guffey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - M S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C T Mahapatra
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA and Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A K Jarmusch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R G Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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90
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Madureira TV, Pinheiro I, Malhão F, Lopes C, Urbatzka R, Castro LFC, Rocha E. Cross-interference of two model peroxisome proliferators in peroxisomal and estrogenic pathways in brown trout hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:153-162. [PMID: 28415051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators cause species-specific effects, which seem to be primarily transduced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Interestingly, PPARα has a close interrelationship with estrogenic signaling, and this latter has already been promptly activated in brown trout primary hepatocytes. Thus, and further exploring this model, we assess here the reactivity of two PPARα agonists in direct peroxisomal routes and, in parallel the cross-interferences in estrogen receptor (ER) mediated paths. To achieve these goals, three independent in vitro studies were performed using single exposures to clofibrate - CLF (50, 500 and 1000μM), Wy-14,643 - Wy (50 and 150μM), GW6471 - GW (1 and 10μM), and mixtures, including PPARα agonist or antagonist plus an ER agonist or antagonist. Endpoints included gene expression analysis of peroxisome/lipidic related genes (encoding apolipoprotein AI - ApoAI, fatty acid binding protein 1 - Fabp1, catalase - Cat, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 - 17β-HSD4, peroxin 11 alpha - Pex11α, PPARαBb, PPARαBa and urate oxidase - Uox) and those encoding estrogenic targets (ERα, ERβ-1 and vitellogenin A - VtgA). A quantitative morphological approach by using a pre-validated catalase immunofluorescence technique allowed checking possible changes in peroxisomes. Our results show a low responsiveness of trout hepatocytes to model PPARα agonists in direct target receptor pathways. Additionally, we unveiled interferences in estrogenic signaling caused by Wy, leading to an up-regulation VtgA and ERα at 150μM; these effects seem counteracted with a co-exposure to an ER antagonist. The present data stress the potential of this in vitro model for further exploring the physiological/toxicological implications related with this nuclear receptor cross-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U. Porto), Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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91
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High dietary arachidonic acid levels induce changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increase levels of oxidised metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1075-1085. [PMID: 28485254 PMCID: PMC5481881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of high dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (high ARA) compared with low dietary ARA levels (control) on the general metabolism using zebrafish as the model organism. The fatty acid composition of today's 'modern diet' tends towards higher n-6 PUFA levels in relation to n-3 PUFA. Low dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio is a health concern, as n-6 PUFA give rise to eicosanoids and PG, which are traditionally considered pro-inflammatory, especially when derived from ARA. Juvenile zebrafish fed a high-ARA diet for 17 d had a lower whole-body n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio compared with zebrafish fed a low-ARA (control) diet (0·6 in the control group v. 0·2 in the high-ARA group). Metabolic profiling revealed altered levels of eicosanoids, PUFA, dicarboxylic acids and complex lipids such as glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids as the most significant differences compared with the control group. ARA-derived hydroxylated eicosanoids, such as hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, were elevated in response to high-ARA feed. In addition, increased levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids indicated an oxidised environment due to n-6 PUFA excess in the fish. To conclude, our results indicate that an ARA-enriched diet induces changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increases levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids, suggesting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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92
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Mania M, Maruccio L, Russo F, Abbate F, Castaldo L, D'Angelo L, de Girolamo P, Guerrera MC, Lucini C, Madrigrano M, Levanti M, Germanà A. Expression and distribution of leptin and its receptors in the digestive tract of DIO (diet-induced obese) zebrafish. Ann Anat 2017; 212:37-47. [PMID: 28477448 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression and localization of leptin (A and B) and its receptor family in control and diet-induced obese (DIO) adult male zebrafish gut, after 5-weeks overfeeding, administering Artemia nauplii, as fat-rich food, were investigated. Recently, the obese adult zebrafish was considered an experimental model with pathophysiological pathways similar to mammalian obesity. Currently, there are no reports about leptin in fish obesity, or in a state of altered energy balance. By qRT-PCR, leptin A and leptin B expression levels were significantly higher in DIO zebrafish gut than in the control group (CTRL), and the lowest levels of leptin receptor mRNA appeared in DIO zebrafish gut. The presence of leptin and its receptor proteins in the intestinal tract was detected by western blot analysis in both control and DIO zebrafish. By single immunohistochemical staining, leptin and leptin receptor immunoreactive endocrine cells were identified in the intestinal tract either in DIO or control zebrafish. Moreover, leptin immunopositive enteric nervous system elements were observed in both groups. By double immunohistochemical staining, leptin and its receptor were colocalized especially in DIO zebrafish. Thus, our study represents a starting point in the investigation of a possible involvement of leptin in control of energy homeostasis in control and DIO zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mania
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Maruccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - F Russo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Italy
| | - F Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy; Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Castaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - L D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - P de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - M C Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy; Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Lucini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - M Madrigrano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy; Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Italy
| | - A Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Italy; Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Italy
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93
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Zebrafish as an Alternative Vertebrate Model for Investigating Developmental Toxicity-The Triadimefon Example. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040817. [PMID: 28417904 PMCID: PMC5412401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triadimefon is a widely used triazole fungicide known to cause severe developmental defects in several model organisms and in humans. The present study evaluated in detail the developmental effects seen in zebrafish embryos exposed to triadimefon, confirmed and expanded upon previous phenotypic findings and compared them to those observed in other traditional animal models. In order to do this, we exposed embryos to 2 and 4 µg/mL triadimefon and evaluated growth until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) through gross morphology examination. Our analysis revealed significant developmental defects at the highest tested concentration including somite deformities, severe craniofacial defects, a cleft phenotype along the three primary neural divisions, a rigorously hypoplastic or even absent mandible and a hypoplastic morphology of the pharyngeal arches. Interestingly, massive pericardial edemas, abnormal shaped hearts, brachycardia and inhibited or absent blood circulation were also observed. Our results revealed that the presented zebrafish phenotypes are comparable to those seen in other organism models and those derived from human observations as a result of triadimefon exposure. We therefore demonstrated that zebrafish provide an excellent system for study of compounds with toxic significance and can be used as an alternative model for developmental toxicity studies to predict effects in mammals.
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94
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Quinlivan VH, Wilson MH, Ruzicka J, Farber SA. An HPLC-CAD/fluorescence lipidomics platform using fluorescent fatty acids as metabolic tracers. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1008-1020. [PMID: 28280113 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d072918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent lipids are important tools for live imaging in cell culture and animal models, yet their metabolism has not been well-characterized. Here we describe a novel combined HPLC and LC-MS/MS method developed to characterize both total lipid profiles and the products of fluorescently labeled lipids. Using this approach, we found that lipids labeled with the fluorescent tags, 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY FL), 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [BODIPY(558/568)], and dipyrrometheneboron difluoride undecanoic acid (TopFluor) are all metabolized into varying arrays of polar and nonpolar fluorescent lipid products when they are fed to larval zebrafish. Quantitative metabolic labeling experiments performed in this system revealed significant effects of total dietary lipid composition on fluorescent lipid partitioning. We provide evidence that cholesterol metabolism in the intestine is important in determining the metabolic fates of dietary FAs. Using this method, we found that inhibitors of dietary cholesterol absorption and esterification both decreased incorporation of dietary fluorescent FAs into cholesterol esters (CEs), suggesting that CE synthesis in enterocytes is primarily responsive to the availability of dietary cholesterol. These results are the first to comprehensively characterize fluorescent FA metabolism and to demonstrate their utility as metabolic labeling reagents, effectively coupling quantitative biochemistry with live imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa H Quinlivan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218.,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
| | - Meredith H Wilson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218; .,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
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95
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Fong HCH, Ho JCH, Cheung AHY, Lai KP, Tse WKF. Developmental toxicity of the common UV filter, benophenone-2, in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:413-420. [PMID: 27599007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benozophenone (BP) type UV filters are extensively used in the personal care products to provide protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation. BPs are one of the primary components in the UV filter family, in which benophenone-2 (BP2) is widely used as a UV filter reagent in the sunscreen. Humans used these personal care products directly on skin and the chemicals will be washed away to the water system. BP2 has been identified as one of the endocrine disruptor chemicals, which can inference the synthesis, metabolism, and action of endogenous hormones. Environmentally, it has been found to contaminate water worldwide. In this study, we aimed to unfold the possible developmental toxicology of this chemical. Zebrafish are used as the screening model to perform in situ hybridization staining to investigate the effects of BP2 on segmentation, brain regionalization, and facial formation at four developmental stages (10-12 somite, prim-5, 2 and 5 days post-fertilization). Results showed 40 μM (9.85 mg L-1) or above BP2 exposure in zebrafish embryos for 5 days resulted in lipid accumulation in the yolk sac and facial malformation via affecting the lipid processing and the expression of cranial neural crest cells respectively. To conclude, the study alarmed its potential developmental toxicities at high dosage exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C H Fong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jeff C H Ho
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Angela H Y Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K P Lai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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96
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Zeituni EM, Wilson MH, Zheng X, Iglesias PA, Sepanski MA, Siddiqi MA, Anderson JL, Zheng Y, Farber SA. Endoplasmic Reticulum Lipid Flux Influences Enterocyte Nuclear Morphology and Lipid-dependent Transcriptional Responses. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23804-23816. [PMID: 27655916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Responding to a high-fat meal requires an interplay between multiple digestive tissues, sympathetic response pathways, and the gut microbiome. The epithelial enterocytes of the intestine are responsible for absorbing dietary nutrients and preparing them for circulation to distal tissues, which requires significant changes in cellular activity, including both morphological and transcriptional responses. Following a high-fat meal, we observe morphological changes in the enterocytes of larval zebrafish, including elongation of mitochondria, formation and expansion of lipid droplets, and the rapid and transient ruffling of the nuclear periphery. Dietary and pharmacological manipulation of zebrafish larvae demonstrated that these subcellular changes are specific to triglyceride absorption. The transcriptional changes that occur simultaneously with these morphological changes were determined using RNA sequencing, revealing a cohort of up-regulated genes associated with lipid droplet formation and lipid transport via lipoprotein particles. Using a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor to block β-lipoprotein particle formation, we demonstrate that the transcriptional response to a high-fat meal is associated with the transfer of ER triglyceride to nascent β-lipoproteins, possibly through the activation of Creb3l3/cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein. These data suggest that a transient increase in ER lipids is the likely mediator of the initial physiological response of intestinal enterocytes to dietary lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Zeituni
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Meredith H Wilson
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Michael A Sepanski
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Mahmud A Siddiqi
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Yixian Zheng
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
| | - Steven A Farber
- From the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and
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97
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Signore IA, Jerez C, Figueroa D, Suazo J, Marcelain K, Cerda O, Colombo Flores A. Inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase induces orofacial defects in zebrafish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:814-830. [PMID: 27488927 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common birth defects, which include a range of disorders with a complex etiology affecting formation of craniofacial structures. Some forms of syndromic OFCs are produced by defects in the cholesterol pathway. The principal enzyme of the cholesterol pathway is the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Our aim is to study whether defects of HMGCR function would produce orofacial malformation similar to those found in disorders of cholesterol synthesis. METHODS We used zebrafish hmgcrb mutants and HMGCR inhibition assay using atorvastatin during early and late stages of orofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish. To describe craniofacial phenotypes, we stained cartilage and bone and performed in situ hybridization using known craniofacial markers. Also, we visualized neural crest cell migration in a transgenic fish. RESULTS Our results showed that mutants displayed loss of cartilage and diminished orofacial outgrowth, and in some cases palatal cleft. Late treatments with statin show a similar phenotype. Affected-siblings displayed a moderate phenotype, whereas early-treated embryos had a minor cleft. We found reduced expression of the downstream component of Sonic Hedgehog-signaling gli1 in ventral brain, oral ectoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm in mutants and in late atorvastatin-treated embryos. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HMGCR loss-of-function primarily affects postmigratory cranial neural crest cells through abnormal Sonic Hedgehog signaling, probably induced by reduction in metabolites of the cholesterol pathway. Malformation severity correlates with the grade of HMGCR inhibition, developmental stage of its disruption, and probably with availability of maternal lipids. Together, our results might help to understand the spectrum of orofacial phenotypes found in cholesterol synthesis disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:814-830, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskra A Signore
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Complejidad (IFICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Jerez
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Figueroa
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo Flores
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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98
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Cui Y, Lv S, Liu J, Nie S, Chen J, Dong Q, Huang C, Yang D. Chronic perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure disrupts lipid metabolism in zebrafish. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:207-217. [PMID: 27193966 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116646615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a ubiquitous contaminant, has been used in various industrial applications. Currently few studies have documented the effects of chronic PFOS exposure on lipid metabolism, especially in aquatic organisms. The present study defined the effects of chronic exposure to low level of PFOS on lipid metabolism in F0 adult zebrafish and F1 offspring. Our findings revealed a severe fatty degeneration in the liver of F0 males treated with 0.5 μM PFOS and significant ultrastructure changes associated with substance transport or metabolism in liver and intestines (abnormal mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, disordered arrangement of inner microvilli within intracellular canaliculus). To address the potential trans-generational effects of PFOS exposure, the early gene expression related to lipid metabolism was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in F1 derived from chronically exposed parental fish. The results indicated that lepa (leptin α), kiss1 (kisspeptins), xdh (xanthine dehydrogenases), and insr (insulin receptor) were significantly upregulated in F1 while dgat1b (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase), hb9 (motor neuron/pancreas homeobox), and Apoa1 (apolipoprotein A-I) were downregulated. These findings provided evidence that PFOS chronic exposure adversely impacts lipid metabolism in both F0 and F1 and demonstrated the validity of using zebrafish as an alternative model for PFOS chronic toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - D Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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99
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Cheng J, Lv S, Nie S, Liu J, Tong S, Kang N, Xiao Y, Dong Q, Huang C, Yang D. Chronic perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:45-52. [PMID: 27108203 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in the environment, wildlife and human. Currently few studies have documented the effects of chronic PFOS exposure on lipid metabolism, especially in aquatic organisms. The underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by chronic PFOS exposure are still largely unknown. The present study defined the effects of chronic exposure to low level of PFOS on lipid metabolism using zebrafish as a model system. Our findings revealed a severe hepatic steatosis in the liver of males treated with 0.5μM PFOS as evidenced by hepatosomatic index, histological assessment and liver lipid profiles. Quantitative PCR assay further indicated that PFOS significantly increase the transcriptional expression of nuclear receptors (nr1h3, rara, rxrgb, nr1l2) and the genes associated with fatty acid oxidation (acox1, acadm, cpt1a). In addition, chronic PFOS exposure significantly decreased liver ATP content and serum level of VLDL/LDL lipoprotein in males. Taken together, these findings suggest that chronic PFOS exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish via disturbing lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and excretion of VLDL/LDL lipoprotein, and also demonstrate the validity of using zebrafish as an alternative model for PFOS chronic toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfei Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Suping Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shangfei Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shoufang Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiaoxiang Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Dongren Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Anderson JL, Carten JD, Farber SA. Using fluorescent lipids in live zebrafish larvae: From imaging whole animal physiology to subcellular lipid trafficking. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:165-78. [PMID: 27263413 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids serve essential functions in cells as signaling molecules, membrane components, and sources of energy. Defects in lipid metabolism are implicated in a number of pandemic human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Many aspects of how fatty acids and cholesterol are absorbed and processed by intestinal cells remain unclear and present a hurdle to developing approaches for disease prevention and treatment. Numerous studies have shown that the zebrafish is an excellent model for vertebrate lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we review commercially available fluorescent lipids that can be deployed in live zebrafish to better understand lipid signaling and metabolism. In this chapter, we present criteria one should consider when selecting specific fluorescent lipids for the study of digestive physiology or lipid metabolism in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Anderson
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J D Carten
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S A Farber
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
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