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Wang G, Wen Y, Faleti OD, Zhao Q, Liu J, Zhang G, Li M, Qi S, Feng W, Lyu X. A Panel of Exosome-Derived miRNAs of Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:548278. [PMID: 33100957 PMCID: PMC7546773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.548278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an important cause of stroke in children and young adults in Asia. To date, diagnosis remains challenging due to varying clinical manifestations and unknown pathogenesis. The study aims to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) that can serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for diagnosis and assess its clinical applications. METHODS CSF samples were taken from 31 MMD patients and 31 healthy controls. Initial screening of miRNA expression was performed on samples pooled from MMD patients and controls using microarray and validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic accuracy of the potential exosomal miRNAs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses in an independent patient cohort. The potential pathways regulated by the miRNAs was also determined using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The microarray results demonstrated that six exomiRs were dysregulated in the MMD patients compared to the controls. Using qRT-PCR, we validated four of the miRNAs (miR-3679-5p, miR-6165, miR-6760-5p, and miR-574-5p) as a biomarker for MMD diagnosis. The four exomiRs showed enhanced sensitivity (75%) and specificity (93.75%) in terms of differentiating MMD patients from healthy subjects [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9453]. Pathway enrichment analysis for potential targets of six exomiRs identified proteins involved in cell adhesion and junction formation in the brain. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel and highly sensitive exomiRs signature for MMD detection and explored its potential targets using bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyu Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oluwasijibomi Damola Faleti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Park I, Lee JL. Systemic treatment for advanced urothelial cancer: an update on recent clinical trials and current treatment options. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:834-853. [PMID: 32668516 PMCID: PMC7373963 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After cisplatin-based chemotherapy became the standard treatment for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), very little progress has been made in the treatment landscape of this condition until recently. With increased knowledge about the molecular biology of mUC and advances in the field of cancer immunobiology, there has been an explosion in the number of clinical trials for mUC, and systemic treatment of mUC is rapidly changing. Despite the availability of several novel therapeutic agents, cisplatin-based cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard, first-line treatment option. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors, are preferred second-line treatment options that are also used in first-line cisplatin-ineligible settings. For patients with actionable fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) or FGFR3 genomic alterations, erdafitinib can be considered after platinum-based treatment. Enfortumab vedotin, a monoclonal antibody targeting nectin-4 conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E, has been approved for patients who do not respond to both cytotoxic chemotherapy and ICIs. In this review, we address the clinical trial data that have established the current standard treatments and ongoing clinical trials of various agents with different mechanisms as well as provide a brief overview of current practice guidelines and recommendations in patients with mUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Daparatment of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lattanzi M, Rosenberg JE. The emerging role of antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:551-561. [PMID: 32552213 PMCID: PMC7545404 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1782201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to the novel nectin-4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of platinum-refractory and immune checkpoint blockade-refractory locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Antibody-drug conjugates represent a new therapeutic modality in urothelial cancer; and beyond nectin-4, agents targeting Trop-2, HER2, and EpCAM are also in clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review outlines the biologic rationale and the clinical development of novel antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of urothelial cancer across the spectrum of disease from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer through treatment-refractory metastatic disease. EXPERT OPINION The high response rates observed with enfortumab vedotin - both as monotherapy and in combination with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy - suggest this and other antibody-drug conjugates may have efficacy similar to or even exceeding that of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Ongoing clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial cancer will address the optimal combination or sequencing strategy with anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lattanzi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Duong CN, Vestweber D. Mechanisms Ensuring Endothelial Junction Integrity Beyond VE-Cadherin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:519. [PMID: 32670077 PMCID: PMC7326147 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial junctions provide blood and lymph vessel integrity and are essential for the formation of a vascular system. They control the extravasation of solutes, leukocytes and metastatic cells from blood vessels and the uptake of fluid and leukocytes into the lymphatic vascular system. A multitude of adhesion molecules mediate and control the integrity and permeability of endothelial junctions. VE-cadherin is arguably the most important adhesion molecule for the formation of vascular structures, and the stability of their junctions. Interestingly, despite this prominence, its elimination from junctions in the adult organism has different consequences in the vasculature of different organs, both for blood and lymph vessels. In addition, even in tissues where the lack of VE-cadherin leads to strong plasma leaks from venules, the physical integrity of endothelial junctions is preserved. Obviously, other adhesion molecules can compensate for a loss of VE-cadherin and this review will discuss which other adhesive mechanisms contribute to the stability and regulation of endothelial junctions and cooperate with VE-cadherin in intact vessels. In addition to adhesion molecules, endothelial receptors will be discussed, which stimulate signaling processes that provide junction stability by modulating the actomyosin system, which reinforces tension of circumferential actin and dampens pulling forces of radial stress fibers. Finally, we will highlight most recent reports about the formation and control of the specialized button-like junctions of initial lymphatics, which represent the entry sites for fluid and cells into the lymphatic vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have become an efficient way to treat cancers. Indeed, anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, and anti-PDL-1 antibodies are now used as therapies for cancers. However, while these therapies are very efficient in certain tumors, they remain poorly efficient in others. This might be explained by the immune infiltrate, the expression of target molecules, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment. It is therefore critical to identify checkpoint antigens that represent alternative targets for immunotherapies. PVR-like molecules play regulatory roles in immune cell functions. These proteins are expressed by different cell types and have been shown to be upregulated in various malignancies. PVR and Nectin-2 are expressed by tumor cells as well as myeloid cells, while TIGIT, CD96, and DNAM-1 are expressed on effector lymphoid cells. PVR is able to bind DNAM-1, CD96, and TIGIT, which results in two distinct profiles of effector cell activation. Indeed, while binding to DNAM-1 induces the release of cytokines and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic effector cells, binding TIGIT induces an immunosuppressive and non-cytotoxic profile. PVR is also able to bind CD96, which induces an immunosuppressive response in murine models. Unfortunately, in humans, results remain contradictory, and this interaction might induce the activation or the suppression of the immune response. Similarly, Nectin-2 was shown to bind TIGIT and to induce regulatory profiles in effectors cells such as NK and T cells. Therefore, these data highlight the potential of each of the molecules of the “PVR–TIGIT axis” as a potential target for immune checkpoint therapy. However, many questions remain to be answered to fully understand the mechanisms of this synapse, in particular for human CD96 and Nectin-2, which are still understudied. Here, we review the recent advances in “PVR–TIGIT axis” research and discuss the potential of targeting this axis by checkpoint immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Yue D, Chen Z, Yang F, Ye F, Lin S, He B, Cheng Y, Wang J, Chen Z, Lin X, Yang J, Chen H, Zhang Z, You Y, Sun H, Wen A, Wang L, Zheng Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Lu G. Crystal structure of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D bound to nectin-1 reveals the basis for its low-affinity binding to the receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5147. [PMID: 32426511 PMCID: PMC7220272 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) has received increasing attention for its potential oncolytic applications. BHV-1 recognizes nectin-1 for cell entry via viral glycoprotein D (gD) but represents a low-affinity nectin-1 binding virus. The molecular basis underlying this low receptor-binding affinity, however, remains unknown. Here, the crystal structures of BHV-1 gD in the free and nectin-1-bound forms are presented. While showing an overall resembled nectin-1 binding mode to other alphaherpesvirus gDs, BHV-1 gD has a unique G-strand/α2-helix interloop that disturbs gD/nectin-1 interactions. Residue R188 residing in this loop is observed to otherwise cause strong steric hindrance with the bound receptor, making a large conformational change of the loop a prerequisite for nectin-1 engagement. Subsequently, substitution of R188 with glycine markedly enhances the affinity of the BHV-1-gD/nectin-1 interaction (by about fivefold). These structural and functional data delineate the receptor-recognition basis for BHV-1, which might facilitate BHV-1-based oncolytic design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yue
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhujun Chen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanli Yang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fei Ye
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xi Lin
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Yang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hua Chen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu You
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Honglu Sun
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ao Wen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Cao
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.,Corresponding author. (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guangwen Lu
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Corresponding author. (Y.L.); (G.L.)
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Kedashiro S, Sugiura A, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Nectin-4 cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants, enhancing their activation and DNA synthesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18997. [PMID: 31831814 PMCID: PMC6908695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-4 cell adhesion molecule and ErbB2 tyrosine kinase receptor are upregulated in many cancers, including breast cancer, and promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Using human breast cancer cell lines T47D and SUM190-PT, in which both nectin-4 and ErbB2 were upregulated, we showed here that nectin-4 cis-interacted with ErB2 and enhanced its dimerization and activation, followed by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signalling pathway for DNA synthesis. The third immunoglobulin-like domain of nectin-4 cis-interacted with domain IV of ErbB2. This region differs from the trastuzumab-interacting region but is included in the trastuzumab-resistant splice variants of ErbB2, p95-ErbB2 and ErbB2ΔEx16. Nectin-4 also cis-interacted with these trastuzumab-resistant splice variants and enhanced the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signalling pathway for DNA synthesis. In addition, nectin-4 enhanced the activation of the p95-ErbB2-induced JAK-STAT3 signalling pathway, but not the ErbB2- or ErbB2ΔEx16-induced JAK-STAT3 signalling pathway. These results indicate that nectin-4 cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants and enhances the activation of these receptors and downstream signalling pathways in a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kedashiro
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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DNAM-1 Activating Receptor and Its Ligands: How Do Viruses Affect the NK Cell-Mediated Immune Surveillance during the Various Phases of Infection? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153715. [PMID: 31366013 PMCID: PMC6695959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a critical role in host defense against viral infections. The mechanisms of recognition and killing of virus-infected cells mediated by NK cells are still only partially defined. Several viruses induce, on the surface of target cells, the expression of molecules that are specifically recognized by NK cell-activating receptors. The main NK cell-activating receptors involved in the recognition and killing of virus-infected cells are NKG2D and DNAM-1. In particular, ligands for DNAM-1 are nectin/nectin-like molecules involved also in mechanisms allowing viral infection. Viruses adopt several immune evasion strategies, including those affecting NK cell-mediated immune surveillance, causing persistent viral infection and the development of virus-associated diseases. The virus's immune evasion efficacy depends on molecules differently expressed during the various phases of infection. In this review, we overview the molecular strategies adopted by viruses, specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), herpes virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), aiming to evade NK cell-mediated surveillance, with a special focus on the modulation of DNAM-1 activating receptor and its ligands in various phases of the viral life cycle. The increasing understanding of mechanisms involved in the modulation of activating ligands, together with those mediating the viral immune evasion strategies, would provide critical tools leading to design novel NK cell-based immunotherapies aiming at viral infection control, thus improving cure strategies of virus-associated diseases.
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Rosenberg JE, O'Donnell PH, Balar AV, McGregor BA, Heath EI, Yu EY, Galsky MD, Hahn NM, Gartner EM, Pinelli JM, Liang SY, Melhem-Bertrandt A, Petrylak DP. Pivotal Trial of Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Carcinoma After Platinum and Anti-Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2592-2600. [PMID: 31356140 PMCID: PMC6784850 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is an incurable disease with limited treatment options, especially for patients who were previously treated with platinum and anti–programmed death 1 or anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) therapy. Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate that targets Nectin-4, which is highly expressed in urothelial carcinoma. METHODS EV-201 is a global, phase II, single-arm study of enfortumab vedotin 1.25 mg/kg (intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were previously treated with platinum chemotherapy and anti–PD-1/L1 therapy. The primary end point was objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 by blinded independent central review. Key secondary end points were duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS Enfortumab vedotin was administered to 125 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Median follow-up was 10.2 months (range, 0.5 to 16.5 months). Confirmed objective response rate was 44% (95% CI, 35.1% to 53.2%), including 12% complete responses. Similar responses were observed in prespecified subgroups, such as those patients with liver metastases and those with no response to prior anti–PD-1/L1 therapy. Median duration of response was 7.6 months (range, 0.95 to 11.30+ months). The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (50%), any peripheral neuropathy (50%), alopecia (49%), any rash (48%), decreased appetite (44%), and dysgeusia (40%). No single treatment-related adverse events grade 3 or greater occurred in 10% or more of patients. CONCLUSION Enfortumab vedotin demonstrated a clinically meaningful response rate with a manageable and tolerable safety profile in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were previously treated with platinum and anti–PD-1/L1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Evan Y Yu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Noah M Hahn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Holmes VM, Maluquer de Motes C, Richards PT, Roldan J, Bhargava AK, Orange JS, Krummenacher C. Interaction between nectin-1 and the human natural killer cell receptor CD96. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212443. [PMID: 30759143 PMCID: PMC6373967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Natural Killer (NK) cell activity is achieved by the integration of both activating and inhibitory signals acquired at the immunological synapse with potential target cells. NK cells express paired receptors from the immunoglobulin family which share common ligands from the nectin family of adhesion molecules. The activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) binds to nectin-2 and CD155, which are also recognized by the inhibitory receptor TIGIT. The third receptor in this family is CD96, which is less well characterized and may have different functions in human and mouse models. Human CD96 interacts with CD155 and ligation of this receptor activates NK cells, while in mice the presence of CD96 correlates with decreased NK cell activation. Mouse CD96 also binds nectin-1, but the effect of this interaction has not yet been determined. Here we show that human nectin-1 directly interacts with CD96 in vitro. The binding site for CD96 is located on the nectin-1 V-domain, which comprises a canonical interface that is shared by nectins to promote cell adhesion. The affinity of nectin-1 for CD96 is lower than for other nectins such as nectin-3 and nectin-1 itself. However, the affinity of nectin-1 for CD96 is similar to its affinity for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (HSV gD), which binds the nectin-1 V-domain during virus entry. The affinity of human CD96 for nectin-1 is lower than for its known activating ligand CD155. We also found that human erythroleukemia K562 cells, which are commonly used as susceptible targets to assess NK cell cytotoxicity did not express nectin-1 on their surface and were resistant to HSV infection. When expressed in K562 cells, nectin-1-GFP accumulated at cell contacts and allowed HSV entry. Furthermore, overexpression of nectin-1-GFP led to an increased susceptibility of K562 cells to NK-92 cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Paige T. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jessenia Roldan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Arjun K. Bhargava
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
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Nectin-3 is a new biomarker that mediates the upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Structure of the heterophilic interaction between the nectin-like 4 and nectin-like 1 molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2068-2077. [PMID: 30674679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810969116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-like (Necl) molecules are Ca2+-independent Ig-like transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that participate in junctions between different cell types. The specific cell-cell adhesions mediated by Necl proteins are important in neural development and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present the crystal structure of the mouse Necl-4 full ectodomain and the structure of the heterophilic Necl ectodomain complex formed by the mNecl-4 and mNecl-1 ectodomains. We demonstrate that, while the ectodomain of mNecl-4 is monomeric, it forms a stable heterodimer with Ig1 of mNecl-1, with an affinity significantly higher than that observed for self-dimerization of the mNecl-1 ectodomain. We validated our structural characterizations by performing a surface plasmon resonance assay and an Fc fusion protein binding assay in mouse primary dorsal root ganglia neurites and Schwann cells and identified a selection of residues important for heterophilic interactions. Finally, we proposed a model of Necl binding specificity that involves an induced-fit conformational change at the dimerization interface.
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63
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Binding mode of the side-by-side two-IgV molecule CD226/DNAM-1 to its ligand CD155/Necl-5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:988-996. [PMID: 30591568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815716116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important component of innate immunity and also contribute to activating and reshaping the adaptive immune responses. The functions of NK cells are modulated by multiple inhibitory and stimulatory receptors. Among these receptors, the activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) mediates NK cell activation via binding to its nectin-like (Necl) family ligand, CD155 (Necl-5). Here, we present a unique side-by-side arrangement pattern of two tandem immunoglobulin V-set (IgV) domains deriving from the ectodomains of both human CD226 (hCD226-ecto) and mouse CD226 (mCD226-ecto), which is substantially different from the conventional head-to-tail arrangement of other multiple Ig-like domain molecules. The hybrid complex structure of mCD226-ecto binding to the first domain of human CD155 (hCD155-D1) reveals a conserved binding interface with the first domain of CD226 (D1), whereas the second domain of CD226 (D2) both provides structural supports for the unique architecture of CD226 and forms direct interactions with CD155. In the absence of the D2 domain, CD226-D1 exhibited substantially reduced binding efficacy to CD155. Collectively, these findings would broaden our knowledge of the interaction between NK cell receptors and the nectin/Necl family ligands, as well as provide molecular basis for the development of CD226-targeted antitumor immunotherapeutics.
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Abstract
Synapse formation is mediated by a surprisingly large number and wide variety of genes encoding many different protein classes. One of the families increasingly implicated in synapse wiring is the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). IgSF molecules are by definition any protein containing at least one Ig-like domain, making this family one of the most common protein classes encoded by the genome. Here, we review the emerging roles for IgSF molecules in synapse formation specifically in the vertebrate brain, focusing on examples from three classes of IgSF members: ( a) cell adhesion molecules, ( b) signaling molecules, and ( c) immune molecules expressed in the brain. The critical roles for IgSF members in regulating synapse formation may explain their extensive involvement in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Solving the IgSF code for synapse formation may reveal multiple new targets for rescuing IgSF-mediated deficits in synapse formation and, eventually, new treatments for psychiatric disorders caused by altered IgSF-induced synapse wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cameron
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California 95618, USA; ,
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65
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton is crucially important for the assembly of cell-cell junctions and the homeostatic regulation of their functions. Junctional proteins act, in turn, as anchors for cytoskeletal filaments, and as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and signalling proteins. The cross-talk between junctions and the cytoskeleton is critical for the morphogenesis and physiology of epithelial and other tissues, but is not completely understood. Microtubules are implicated in the delivery of junctional proteins to cell-cell contact sites, in the differentiation and spatial organization of the cytoplasm, and in the stabilization of the barrier and adhesive functions of junctions. Here we focus on the relationships between microtubules and junctions of vertebrate epithelial cells. We highlight recent discoveries on the molecular underpinnings of microtubule-junction interactions, and report new data about the interaction of cingulin and paracingulin with microtubules. We also propose a possible new role of junctions as “molecular sinks” for microtubule-associated signalling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vasileva
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- a Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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66
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Nagy JI, Lynn BD. Structural and Intermolecular Associations Between Connexin36 and Protein Components of the Adherens Junction-Neuronal Gap Junction Complex. Neuroscience 2018; 384:241-261. [PMID: 29879437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intimate structural and functional relationships between gap junctions and adherens junctions have been demonstrated in peripheral tissues, but have not been thoroughly examined in the central nervous system, where adherens junctions are often found in close proximity to neuronal gap junctions. Here, we used immunofluorescence approaches to document the localization of various protein components of adherens junctions in relation to those that we have previously reported to occur at electrical synapses formed by neuronal gap junctions composed of connexin36 (Cx36). The adherens junction constituents N-cadherin and nectin-1 were frequently found to localize near or overlap with Cx36-containing gap junctions in several brain regions examined. This was also true of the adherens junction-associated proteins α-catenin and β-catenin, as well as the proteins zonula occludens-1 and AF6 (aka, afadin) that were reported constituents of both adherens junctions and gap junctions. The deployment of the protein constituents of these junctions was especially striking at somatic contacts between primary afferent neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MesV), where the structural components of adherens junctions appeared to be maintained in connexin36 null mice. These results support emerging views concerning the multi-molecular composition of electrical synapses and raise possibilities for various structural and functional protein-protein interactions at what now can be considered the adherens junction-neuronal gap junction complex. Further, the results point to intracellular signaling pathways that could potentially contribute to the assembly, maintenance and turnover of this complex, as well as to the dynamic nature of neuronal communication at electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Nagy
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - B D Lynn
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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67
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Li XY, Das I, Lepletier A, Addala V, Bald T, Stannard K, Barkauskas D, Liu J, Aguilera AR, Takeda K, Braun M, Nakamura K, Jacquelin S, Lane SW, Teng MW, Dougall WC, Smyth MJ. CD155 loss enhances tumor suppression via combined host and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2613-2625. [PMID: 29757192 DOI: 10.1172/jci98769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical immune-suppressive pathways beyond programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) require greater attention. Nectins and nectin-like molecules might be promising targets for immunotherapy, since they play critical roles in cell proliferation and migration and exert immunomodulatory functions in pathophysiological conditions. Here, we show CD155 expression in both malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in humans and mice. Cd155-/- mice displayed reduced tumor growth and metastasis via DNAM-1 upregulation and enhanced effector function of CD8+ T and NK cells, respectively. CD155-deleted tumor cells also displayed slower tumor growth and reduced metastases, demonstrating the importance of a tumor-intrinsic role of CD155. CD155 absence on host and tumor cells exerted an even greater inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Blockade of PD-1 or both PD-1 and CTLA4 was more effective in settings in which CD155 was limiting, suggesting the clinical potential of cotargeting PD-L1 and CD155 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | - Indrajit Das
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Venkateswar Addala
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Sebastien Jacquelin
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven W Lane
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele Wl Teng
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy and
| | - William C Dougall
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,Immuno-oncology Discovery, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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68
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Identification of Binding Partners of Deafness-Related Protein PDZD7. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:2062346. [PMID: 29796015 PMCID: PMC5896214 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2062346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZD7 is an important deafness gene, whose mutations are associated with syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss. PDZD7 contains multiple PDZ domains that are essential for organizing various proteins into protein complex. Several PDZD7-binding proteins have been identified, including usherin, ADGRV1, whirlin, harmonin, SANS, and MYO7A, all belonging to USH proteins. Here, we report the identification of novel PDZD7-binding partners through yeast two-hybrid screening using the first two PDZ domains of PDZD7 as bait. Eleven proteins were identified, most of which have not been reported as PDZD7-binding partners before. Among the identified proteins, ADGRV1, gelsolin, and β-catenin have been shown to play important roles in hearing, whereas the functions of other proteins in the inner ear remain elusive. We confirmed the expression of one candidate PDZD7-binding protein, CADM1, in the mouse inner ear and evaluated the auditory function of Cadm1 knockout mice by performing auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement. Unexpectedly, Cadm1 knockout mice show normal hearing threshold, which might be explained by the possible compensation by its homologs that are also expressed in the inner ear. Taken together, our work identified several novel PDZD7-binding proteins, which will help us to further understand the role of PDZD7 in hearing transduction.
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69
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Ueda Y, Kedashiro S, Maruoka M, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Roles of the third Ig-like domain of Necl-5/PVR and the fifth Ig-like domain of the PDGF receptor in its signaling. Genes Cells 2018; 23:214-224. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ueda
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Shin Kedashiro
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Masahiro Maruoka
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
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70
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Li M, Qiao D, Pu J, Wang W, Zhu W, Liu H. Elevated Nectin-2 expression is involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting cell migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4731-4736. [PMID: 29552112 PMCID: PMC5840744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-2 is overexpressed in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with various types of cancers. However, its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of Nectin-2, its clinical significance and its roles in the malignant phenotypes of ESCC. Expression levels of Nectin-2 mRNA and protein were respectively detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, based on 106 newly diagnosed ESCC patients. The associations between Nectin-2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of ESCC patients were statistically analyzed. The effects of Nectin-2 in migration and invasion were then determined by wound healing and Transwell assays performed using ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and KYSE510) transfected with small interfering (si) RNA against Nectin-2. It was found that Nectin-2 expression was significantly elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in ESCC tissues, compared with the normal esophageal mucosa (P<0.001). Nectin-2-positive immunoreactivity was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in ESCC tissues. In addition, the expression levels of Nectin-2 protein in ESCC tissues with advanced tumor stage (P=0.006) and poor differentiation (P=0.02) were increased compared with patients with early tumor stage and well to moderate differentiation. Additionally, knockdown of Nectin-2 in the 2 ESCC cell lines could effectively suppress the cell migration and invasion abilities (P<0.05). In conclusion, these findings revealed that Nectin-2 is generally overexpressed in ESCC and associated with aggressive cancer progression. The present data also indicated that the silencing of Nectin-2 with siRNA in ESCC cells may inhibit cell malignant biological properties, indicating its potential as a potential marker or a therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Radiotherapy Pathology, People's Hospital of Xuyi County, Huai'an, Jiangsu 211700, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Qiao
- Department of Radiotherapy Pathology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Juan Pu
- Department of Radiotherapy Pathology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Wanwei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Pathology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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71
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Arii J, Kawaguchi Y. The Role of HSV Glycoproteins in Mediating Cell Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1045:3-21. [PMID: 29896660 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The successful entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into a cell is a complex process requiring the interaction of several surface viral glycoproteins with host cell receptors. These viral glycoproteins are currently thought to work sequentially to trigger fusogenic activity, but the process is complicated by the fact that each glycoprotein is known to interact with a range of target cell surface receptor molecules. The glycoproteins concerned are gB, gD, and gH/gL, with at least four host cell receptor molecules known to bind to gB and gD alone. Redundancy among gD receptors is also evident and binding to both the gB and gD receptors simultaneously is known to be required for successful membrane fusion. Receptor type and tissue distribution are commonly considered to define the extent of viral tropism and thus the magnitude of pathogenesis. Viral entry receptors are therefore attractive pharmaceutical target molecules for the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections. However, the large number of HSV glycoprotein receptors makes a comprehensive understanding of HSV pathogenesis in vivo difficult. Here we summarize our current understanding of the various HSV glycoprotein cell surface receptors, define their redundancy and binding specificity, and discuss the significance of these interactions for viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Arii
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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72
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Muntasell A, Cabo M, Servitja S, Tusquets I, Martínez-García M, Rovira A, Rojo F, Albanell J, López-Botet M. Interplay between Natural Killer Cells and Anti-HER2 Antibodies: Perspectives for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1544. [PMID: 29181007 PMCID: PMC5694168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) defines a subgroup of breast tumors with aggressive behavior. The addition of HER2-targeted antibodies (i.e., trastuzumab, pertuzumab) to chemotherapy significantly improves relapse-free and overall survival in patients with early-stage and advanced disease. Nonetheless, considerable proportions of patients develop resistance to treatment, highlighting the need for additional and co-adjuvant therapeutic strategies. HER2-specific antibodies can trigger natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and indirectly enhance the development of tumor-specific T cell immunity; both mechanisms contributing to their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Antibody-dependent NK cell activation results in the release of cytotoxic granules as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IFNγ and TNFα) and chemokines. Hence, NK cell tumor suppressive functions include direct cytolytic killing of tumor cells as well as the regulation of subsequent antitumor adaptive immunity. Albeit tumors with gene expression signatures associated to the presence of cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltrates benefit from trastuzumab-based treatment, NK cell-related biomarkers of response/resistance to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in breast cancer patients remain elusive. Several variables, including (i) the configuration of the patient NK cell repertoire; (ii) tumor molecular features (i.e., estrogen receptor expression); (iii) concomitant therapeutic regimens (i.e., chemotherapeutic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors); and (iv) evasion mechanisms developed by progressive breast tumors, have been shown to quantitatively and qualitatively influence antibody-triggered NK cell responses. In this review, we discuss possible interventions for restoring/enhancing the therapeutic activity of HER2 therapeutic antibodies by harnessing NK cell antitumor potential through combinatorial approaches, including immune checkpoint blocking/stimulatory antibodies, cytokines and toll-like receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Cabo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-García
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Albanell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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73
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Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): Cell Adhesion Receptors With Pleiotropic Functions in Cell Physiology and Development. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1529-1554. [PMID: 28931565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)-A, -B and -C are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily which are expressed by a variety of tissues, both during development and in the adult organism. Through their extracellular domains, they interact with other adhesion receptors on opposing cells. Through their cytoplasmic domains, they interact with PDZ domain-containing scaffolding and signaling proteins. In combination, these two properties regulate the assembly of signaling complexes at specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. The multitude of molecular interactions has enabled JAMs to adopt distinct cellular functions such as the regulation of cell-cell contact formation, cell migration, or mitotic spindle orientation. Not surprisingly, JAMs regulate diverse processes such as epithelial and endothelial barrier formation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of JAMs, including their characteristic structural features, their molecular interactions, their cellular functions, and their contribution to a multitude of processes during vertebrate development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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74
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Lough KJ, Byrd KM, Spitzer DC, Williams SE. Closing the Gap: Mouse Models to Study Adhesion in Secondary Palatogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1210-1220. [PMID: 28817360 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary palatogenesis occurs when the bilateral palatal shelves (PS), arising from maxillary prominences, fuse at the midline, forming the hard and soft palate. This embryonic phenomenon involves a complex array of morphogenetic events that require coordinated proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion in the PS epithelia and underlying mesenchyme. When the delicate process of craniofacial morphogenesis is disrupted, the result is orofacial clefting, including cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P). Through human genetic and animal studies, there are now hundreds of known genetic alternations associated with orofacial clefts; so, it is not surprising that CL/P is among the most common of all birth defects. In recent years, in vitro cell-based assays, ex vivo palate cultures, and genetically engineered animal models have advanced our understanding of the developmental and cell biological pathways that contribute to palate closure. This is particularly true for the areas of PS patterning and growth as well as medial epithelial seam dissolution during palatal fusion. Here, we focus on epithelial cell-cell adhesion, a critical but understudied process in secondary palatogenesis, and provide a review of the available tools and mouse models to better understand this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lough
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K M Byrd
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D C Spitzer
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Williams
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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75
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CD155 blockade improves survival in experimental sepsis by reversing dendritic cell dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:283-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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76
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Nectin spot: a novel type of nectin-mediated cell adhesion apparatus. Biochem J 2017; 473:2691-715. [PMID: 27621480 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nectins are Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecules constituting a family with four members, all of which have three Ig-like loops at their extracellular regions. Nectins play roles in the formation of a variety of cell-cell adhesion apparatuses. There are at least three types of nectin-mediated cell adhesions: afadin- and cadherin-dependent, afadin-dependent and cadherin-independent, and afadin- and cadherin-independent. In addition, nectins trans-interact with nectin-like molecules (Necls) with three Ig-like loops and other Ig-like molecules with one to three Ig-like loops. Furthermore, nectins and Necls cis-interact with membrane receptors and integrins, some of which are associated with the nectin-mediated cell adhesions, and play roles in the regulation of many cellular functions, such as cell polarization, movement, proliferation, differentiation, and survival, co-operatively with these cell surface proteins. The nectin-mediated cell adhesions are implicated in a variety of diseases, including genetic disorders, neural disorders, and cancers. Of the three types of nectin-mediated cell adhesions, the afadin- and cadherin-dependent apparatus has been most extensively investigated, but the examples of the third type of apparatus independent of afadin and cadherin are recently increasing and its morphological and functional properties have been well characterized. We review here recent advances in research on this type of nectin-mediated cell adhesion apparatus, which is named nectin spot.
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77
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Vasileva E, Sluysmans S, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Citi S. Cell-specific diversity in the expression and organization of cytoplasmic plaque proteins of apical junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:160-176. [PMID: 28617990 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tight and adherens junctions play critical roles in the barrier, adhesion, and signaling functions of epithelial and endothelial cells. How the molecular organization of these junctions is tuned to the widely diverse physiological requirements of each tissue type is not well understood. Here, we address this question by examining the expression, localization, and interactions of major cytoplasmic plaque proteins of tight and adherens junctions in different cultured epithelial and endothelial cell lines. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses show that the expression profiles of cingulin, paracingulin, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, PLEKHA7, afadin, PDZD11, p120-catenin, and α-catenin, as well as the transmembrane junctional proteins occludin, E-cadherin, and VE-cadherin, are significantly diverse when comparing kidney cells (MDCK, mCCD), keratinocytes (HaCaT), lung carcinoma (A427, A549), and endothelium-derived cells (bEnd.3, meEC, H5V). Proximity ligation and co-immunoprecipitation assays show that PLEKHA7 and PDZD11 are significantly more associated with the tight junction proteins cingulin and ZO-1 in aortic endothelium-derived (meEC) cells but not kidney collecting duct epithelial (mCCD) cells. These results provide evidence that the cytoplasmic plaques of tight and adherens junctions are diverse in their composition and molecular architecture and establish a conceptual framework by which we can rationally address the mechanisms of tissue-dependent junction physiology and signaling by cytoplasmic junctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sluysmans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
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78
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Zinn K, Özkan E. Neural immunoglobulin superfamily interaction networks. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:99-105. [PMID: 28558267 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) encompasses hundreds of cell surface proteins containing multiple immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains. Among these are neural IgCAMs, which are cell adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cells in the nervous system. IgCAMs in some vertebrate IgSF subfamilies bind to each other homophilically and heterophilically, forming small interaction networks. In Drosophila, a global 'interactome' screen identified two larger networks in which proteins in one IgSF subfamily selectively interact with proteins in a different subfamily. One of these networks, the 'Dpr-ome', includes 30 IgSF proteins, each of which is expressed in a unique subset of neurons. Recent evidence shows that one interacting protein pair within the Dpr-ome network is required for development of the brain and neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zinn
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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79
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Maruoka M, Kedashiro S, Ueda Y, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Nectin-4 co-stimulates the prolactin receptor by interacting with SOCS1 and inhibiting its activity on the JAK2-STAT5a signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6895-6909. [PMID: 28258213 PMCID: PMC5409460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface cytokine receptors are regulated by their cis-interacting stimulatory and inhibitory co-receptors. We previously showed that the Ig-like cell-adhesion molecule nectin-4 cis-interacts with the prolactin receptor through the extracellular region and stimulates prolactin-induced prolactin receptor activation and signaling, resulting in alveolar development in the mouse mammary gland. However, it remains unknown how this interaction stimulates these effects. We show here that the cis-interaction of the extracellular region of nectin-4 with the prolactin receptor was not sufficient for eliciting these effects and that the cytoplasmic region of nectin-4 was also required for this interaction. The cytoplasmic region of nectin-4 directly interacted with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), but not SOCS3, JAK2, or STAT5a, and inhibited the interaction of SOCS1 with JAK2, eventually resulting in the increased phosphorylation of STAT5a. The juxtamembrane region of nectin-4 interacted with the Src homology 2 domain of SOCS1. Both the interaction of nectin-4 with the extracellular region of the prolactin receptor and the interaction of SOCS1 with the cytoplasmic region of nectin-4 were required for the stimulatory effect of nectin-4 on the prolactin-induced prolactin receptor activation. The third Ig-like domain of nectin-4 and the second fibronectin type III domain of the prolactin receptor were involved in this cis-interaction, and both the extracellular and transmembrane regions of nectin-4 and the prolactin receptor were required for this direct interaction. These results indicate that nectin-4 serves as a stimulatory co-receptor for the prolactin receptor by regulating the feedback inhibition of SOCS1 in the JAK2-STAT5a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Maruoka
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047
- the Health Metrics Development Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, and
| | - Shin Kedashiro
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047
| | - Yuki Ueda
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047,
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047,
- the Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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80
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Shiotani H, Maruo T, Sakakibara S, Miyata M, Mandai K, Mochizuki H, Takai Y. Aging-dependent expression of synapse-related proteins in the mouse brain. Genes Cells 2017; 22:472-484. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shiotani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Department of Neurology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shotaro Sakakibara
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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81
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Sluysmans S, Vasileva E, Spadaro D, Shah J, Rouaud F, Citi S. The role of apical cell-cell junctions and associated cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction. Biol Cell 2017; 109:139-161. [PMID: 28220498 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissues of multicellular organisms are characterised by several types of specialised cell-cell junctions. In vertebrate epithelia and endothelia, tight and adherens junctions (AJ) play critical roles in barrier and adhesion functions, and are connected to the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. The interaction between junctions and the cytoskeleton is crucial for tissue development and physiology, and is involved in the molecular mechanisms governing cell shape, motility, growth and signalling. The machineries which functionally connect tight and AJ to the cytoskeleton comprise proteins which either bind directly to cytoskeletal filaments, or function as adaptors for regulators of the assembly and function of the cytoskeleton. In the last two decades, specific cytoskeleton-associated junctional molecules have been implicated in mechanotransduction, revealing the existence of multimolecular complexes that can sense mechanical cues and translate them into adaptation to tensile forces and biochemical signals. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the machineries that link tight and AJ to actin filaments and microtubules, and the molecular basis for mechanotransduction at epithelial and endothelial AJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sluysmans
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Spadaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimit Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Rouaud
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Genomics and Genetics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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82
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Rossignoli A, Shang MM, Gladh H, Moessinger C, Foroughi Asl H, Talukdar HA, Franzén O, Mueller S, Björkegren JL, Folestad E, Skogsberg J. Poliovirus Receptor–Related 2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:534-542. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Recently, poliovirus receptor–related 2 (
Pvrl2
) emerged as a top gene in a global gene expression study aiming to detect plasma cholesterol–responsive genes causally related to atherosclerosis regression in hypercholesterolemic mice. PVRL2 is an adherens junction protein implied to play a role in transendothelial migration of leukocytes, a key feature in atherosclerosis development. In this study, we investigated the effect of
Pvrl2
deficiency on atherosclerosis development and transendothelial migration of leukocytes activity.
Approach and Results—
Pvrl2
-deficient mice bred onto an atherosclerosis-prone background (
Pvrl2
−/−
Ldlr
−/−
Apob
100/100
) had less atherosclerotic lesions and more stable plaques compared with littermate controls (
Pvrl2
+/+
Ldlr
−/−
Apob
100/100
).
Pvrl2
−/−
Ldlr
−/−
Apob
100/100
mice also showed a 49% decrease in transendothelial migration of leukocytes activity observed using the in vivo air pouch model. In accordance, augmented arterial wall expression of
Pvrl2
during atherosclerosis progression coincided with an increased gene expression of migrating leukocytes into the vessel wall. Both in human and mice, gene and protein expression of PVRL2 was predominantly observed in the vascular endothelium according to the immunohistochemical and gene expression data. In addition, the cholesterol responsiveness of
PVRL2
was also observed in humans.
Conclusions—
PVRL2 is a plasma cholesterol–responsive gene acting at endothelial sites of vascular inflammation that could potentially be a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis prevention through its suggested transendothelial migration of leukocytes modulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Rossignoli
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Ming-Mei Shang
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Hanna Gladh
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Christine Moessinger
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Hassan Foroughi Asl
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Husain Ahammad Talukdar
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Oscar Franzén
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Steffen Mueller
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Erika Folestad
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (A.R., H.G., C.M., H.F.A., H.A.T., J.L.M.B., E.F., J.S.) and Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.-M.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (O.F., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New
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83
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Zhuang L, Steinberg F, Trueb B. Receptor FGFRL1 acts as a tumor suppressor in nude mice when overexpressed in HEK 293 Tet-On cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4524-4530. [PMID: 28101211 PMCID: PMC5228123 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with heparin and FGF ligands. In contrast to the classical FGF receptors, FGFR1 to FGFR4, it does not appear to affect cell growth and proliferation. In the present study, an inducible gene expression system was utilized in combination with a xenograft tumor model to investigate the effects of FGFRL1 on cell adhesion and tumor formation. It was determined that recombinant FGFRL1 promotes the adhesion of HEK 293 Tet-On® cells in vitro. Moreover, when such cells are induced to express FGFRL1ΔC they aggregate into huge clusters. If injected into nude mice, the cells form large tumors. Notably, this tumor growth is completely inhibited when the expression of FGFRL1 is induced. The forced expression of FGFRL1 in the tumor tissue may restore contact inhibition, thereby preventing growth of the cells in nude mice. The results of the present study demonstrate that FGFRL1 acts as a tumor suppressor similar to numerous other cell adhesion proteins. It is therefore likely that FGFRL1 functions as a regular cell-cell adhesion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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84
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Ettensohn CA, Dey D. KirrelL, a member of the Ig-domain superfamily of adhesion proteins, is essential for fusion of primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Biol 2016; 421:258-270. [PMID: 27866905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the sea urchin embryo, primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) adhere to one another and fuse via filopodia, forming cable-like structures within which skeletal rods are deposited. Although this process was first described more than a century ago, molecules that participate in PMC adhesion and fusion have not been identified. Here we show that KirrelL, a PMC-specific, Ig domain-containing transmembrane protein, is essential for PMC fusion, probably by mediating filopodial adhesions that are a pre-requisite for subsequent membrane fusion. We show that KirrelL is not required for PMC specification, migration, or for direct filopodial contacts between PMCs. In the absence of KirrelL, however, filopodial contacts do not result in fusion. kirrelL is a member of a family of closely related, intronless genes that likely arose through an echinoid-specific gene expansion, possibly via retrotransposition. Our findings are significant in that they establish a direct linkage between the transcriptional network deployed in the PMC lineage and an effector molecule required for a critically important PMC morphogenetic process. In addition, our results point to a conserved role for Ig domain-containing adhesion proteins in facilitating cell fusion in both muscle and non-muscle cell lineages during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Ettensohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Debleena Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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85
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Nishimura T, Ito S, Saito H, Hiver S, Shigetomi K, Ikenouchi J, Takeichi M. DAAM1 stabilizes epithelial junctions by restraining WAVE complex-dependent lateral membrane motility. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:559-573. [PMID: 27807130 PMCID: PMC5119936 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nishimura et al. show that DAAM1, a formin family actin polymerization regulator, stabilizes epithelial cell junctions by counteracting the WAVE complex, another actin regulator. Loss of DAAM1 promotes the motility of junctional membranes and thereby enhances their invasion of neighboring environments. Epithelial junctions comprise two subdomains, the apical junctional complex (AJC) and the adjacent lateral membrane contacts (LCs), that span the majority of the junction. The AJC is lined with circumferential actin cables, whereas the LCs are associated with less-organized actin filaments whose roles are elusive. We found that DAAM1, a formin family actin regulator, accumulated at the LCs, and its depletion caused dispersion of actin filaments at these sites while hardly affecting circumferential actin cables. DAAM1 loss enhanced the motility of LC-forming membranes, leading to their invasion of neighboring cell layers, as well as disruption of polarized epithelial layers. We found that components of the WAVE complex and its downstream targets were required for the elevation of LC motility caused by DAAM1 loss. These findings suggest that the LC membranes are motile by nature because of the WAVE complex, but DAAM1-mediated actin regulation normally restrains this motility, thereby stabilizing epithelial architecture, and that DAAM1 loss evokes invasive abilities of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamako Nishimura
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroko Saito
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sylvain Hiver
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenta Shigetomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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86
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Cadwell CM, Su W, Kowalczyk AP. Cadherin tales: Regulation of cadherin function by endocytic membrane trafficking. Traffic 2016; 17:1262-1271. [PMID: 27624909 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are the primary adhesion molecules in adherens junctions and desmosomes and play essential roles in embryonic development. Although significant progress has been made in understanding cadherin structure and function, we lack a clear vision of how cells confer plasticity upon adhesive junctions to allow for cellular rearrangements during development, wound healing and metastasis. Endocytic membrane trafficking has emerged as a fundamental mechanism by which cells confer a dynamic state to adhesive junctions. Recent studies indicate that the juxtamembrane domain of classical cadherins contains multiple endocytic motifs, or "switches," that can be used by cellular membrane trafficking machinery to regulate adhesion. The cadherin-binding protein p120-catenin (p120) appears to be the master regulator of access to these switches, thereby controlling cadherin endocytosis and turnover. This review focuses on p120 and other cadherin-binding proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and growth factors as key modulators of cadherin membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel M Cadwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenji Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology Graduate Training Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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87
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Bhargava AK, Rothlauf PW, Krummenacher C. Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D relocates nectin-1 from intercellular contacts. Virology 2016; 499:267-277. [PMID: 27723487 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) uses the cell adhesion molecule nectin-1 as a receptor to enter neurons and epithelial cells. The viral glycoprotein D (gD) is used as a non-canonical ligand for nectin-1. The gD binding site on nectin-1 overlaps with a functional adhesive site involved in nectin-nectin homophilic trans-interaction. Consequently, when nectin-1 is engaged with a cellular ligand at cell junctions, the gD binding site is occupied. Here we report that HSV gD is able to disrupt intercellular homophilic trans-interaction of nectin-1 and induce a rapid redistribution of nectin-1 from cell junctions. This movement does not require the receptor's interaction with the actin-binding adaptor afadin. Interaction of nectin-1 with afadin is also dispensable for virion surfing along nectin-1-rich filopodia. Cells seeded on gD-coated surfaces also fail to accumulate nectin-1 at cell contact. These data indicate that HSV gD affects nectin-1 locally through direct interaction and more globally through signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Bhargava
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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88
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Yang X, Steinberg F, Zhuang L, Bessey R, Trueb B. Receptor FGFRL1 does not promote cell proliferation but induces cell adhesion. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:30-8. [PMID: 27220341 PMCID: PMC4899019 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-like protein 1 (FGFRL1) is the most recently discovered member of the FGFR family. Owing to the fact that it interacts with FGF ligands, but lacks the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, several researchers have speculated that it may function as a decoy receptor and exert a negative effect on cell proliferation. In this study, we performed overexpression experiments with TetOn‑inducible cell clones and downregulation experiments with siRNA oligonucleotides, and found that FGFRL1 had absolutely no effect on cell growth and proliferation. Likewise, we did not observe any influence of FGFRL1 on ERK1/2 activation and on the phosphorylation of 250 other signaling proteins analyzed by the Kinexus antibody microarray. On the other hand, with bacterial petri dishes, we observed a clear effect of FGFRL1 on cell adhesion during the initial hours after cell seeding. Our results suggest that FGFRL1 is a cell adhesion protein similar to the nectins rather than a signaling receptor similar to FGFR1-FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Bessey
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
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89
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West JJ, Harris TJC. Cadherin Trafficking for Tissue Morphogenesis: Control and Consequences. Traffic 2016; 17:1233-1243. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junior J. West
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tony J. C. Harris
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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90
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Guerrera D, Shah J, Vasileva E, Sluysmans S, Méan I, Jond L, Poser I, Mann M, Hyman AA, Citi S. PLEKHA7 Recruits PDZD11 to Adherens Junctions to Stabilize Nectins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11016-29. [PMID: 27044745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA7 is a junctional protein implicated in stabilization of the cadherin protein complex, hypertension, cardiac contractility, glaucoma, microRNA processing, and susceptibility to bacterial toxins. To gain insight into the molecular basis for the functions of PLEKHA7, we looked for new PLEKHA7 interactors. Here, we report the identification of PDZ domain-containing protein 11 (PDZD11) as a new interactor of PLEKHA7 by yeast two-hybrid screening and by mass spectrometry analysis of PLEKHA7 immunoprecipitates. We show that PDZD11 (17 kDa) is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells, where it forms a complex with PLEKHA7, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. The N-terminal Trp-Trp (WW) domain of PLEKHA7 interacts directly with the N-terminal 44 amino acids of PDZD11, as shown by GST-pulldown assays. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that PDZD11 is localized at adherens junctions in a PLEKHA7-dependent manner, because its junctional localization is abolished by knock-out of PLEKHA7, and is rescued by re-expression of exogenous PLEKHA7. The junctional recruitment of nectin-1 and nectin-3 and their protein levels are decreased via proteasome-mediated degradation in epithelial cells where either PDZD11 or PLEKHA7 have been knocked-out. PDZD11 forms a complex with nectin-1 and nectin-3, and its PDZ domain interacts directly with the PDZ-binding motif of nectin-1. PDZD11 is required for the efficient assembly of apical junctions of epithelial cells at early time points in the calcium-switch model. These results show that the PLEKHA7-PDZD11 complex stabilizes nectins to promote efficient early junction assembly and uncover a new molecular mechanism through which PLEKHA7 recruits PDZ-binding membrane proteins to epithelial adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guerrera
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimit Shah
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sluysmans
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Méan
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Jond
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ina Poser
- the Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Matthias Mann
- the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- the Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Sandra Citi
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland,
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91
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Lee J, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. A new method for detection of tumor driver-dependent changes of protein sialylation in a colon cancer cell line reveals nectin-3 as TGFBR2 target. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1686-94. [PMID: 26177744 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-linked glycans play key roles in cell differentiation, cell-cell interactions, cell growth, adhesion and immune response. Aberrant glycosylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells and is involved in tumor growth, escape from apoptosis, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapy. It can serve as cancer biomarker and treatment target. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of tumor driving mutations in colorectal cancer cells we present a method for specific analysis of tumor driver-induced glycome changes. The strategy is based on a combination of three technologies, that is recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), Click-It chemistry and mass spectrometry. The new method is exemplified by the analysis of the impact of inactivating mutations of the TGF-ß-receptor type II (TGFBR2) on sialic acid incorporation into protein-linked glycans of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. Overall, 70 proteins were found to show de novo sialic acid incorporation exclusively upon TGFBR2 expression whereas 7 proteins lost sialylation upon TGFBR2 reconstitution. Validation of detected candidate glycoproteins is demonstrated with the cell surface glycoprotein nectin-3 known to be involved in metastasis, invasion and prognosis of various cancers. Altogether, our new approach can help to systematically puzzle out the influence of tumor-specific mutations in a major signaling pathway, as exemplified by the TGFBR2 tumor suppressor, on the tumor glycome. It facilitates the identification of glycan-based tumor markers that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In principle the outlined strategy can be adapted to any cancer cell line, tumor driver mutation and several glycan-building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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