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Logan E, Kaye SA, Lewis I. The influence of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory on risk perception and intentions to speed in young male and female drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 132:105291. [PMID: 31518766 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study applied the revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) to assess the influence of individual differences in young male and female drivers' risk perceptions and intentions to exceed the posted speed limit in a 60 km/hr zone. Relevant to the current study was the Behavioural Activation System (BAS; sensitive to reward), with a specific focus on the BAS processes: Reward Interest, Goal-Drive Persistence, Reward Reactivity and Impulsivity, and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; sensitive to punishment). It was hypothesised that young male and female drivers with stronger BAS traits would report lower risk perceptions towards speeding behaviour than those with weaker BAS traits and this risk perception would predict greater intentions to exceed the posted speed limit in 60 km/hr zones. It was further hypothesised that young male and female drivers with stronger FFFS traits would report higher risk perceptions towards speeding behaviour than those with weaker FFFS traits and this risk perception would predict lower intentions to exceed the posted speed limit in 60 km/h zones. Participants were 367 young licensed Australian drivers aged between 17 and 25 years. The results of a mediation analyses showed that females with stronger Impulsivity had low perceptions of risk and higher intentions to speed than participants with weaker Impulsivity. Further, males with stronger Goal-Drive Persistence and reported higher perceptions of risk and lower intentions to speed than participants with weaker Goal-Drive Persistence. Contrary to expectations, the BAS processes of Reward Interest and Reward Reactivity, and the FFFS were not significant. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of how the r-RST traits, specifically Goal-Drive Persistence and Impulsivity may influence speeding behaviour as well as the understanding of the unique influence of the four underlying BAS processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Logan
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Sherrie-Anne Kaye
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Ioni Lewis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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Kourouma K, Delamou A, Lamah L, Camara BS, Kolie D, Sidibé S, Béavogui AH, Owiti P, Manzi M, Ade S, Harries AD. Frequency, characteristics and hospital outcomes of road traffic accidents and their victims in Guinea: a three-year retrospective study from 2015 to 2017. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1022. [PMID: 31366335 PMCID: PMC6668061 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic accidents (RTA) remain a global public health concern in developing countries. The aim of the study was to document the frequency, characteristics and hospital outcomes of road traffic accidents in Guinea from 2015 to 2017. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records of RTA victims from 20 hospitals and a cross-sectional study of RTA cases from eight police stations in eight districts in Guinea, West Africa. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, trends of RTA, a sequence of interrupted time-series models and a segmented ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression. RESULTS Police stations recorded 3,140 RTA over 3 years with an overall annual increase in RTA rates from 14.0 per 100,000 population in 2015, to 19.2 per 100,000 population in 2016 (37.1% annual increase), to 28.7 per 100,000 population in 2017 (49.5% annual increase). Overall, the injury rates in 2016 and 2017 were .05 per 100,000 population higher on average per month (95% CI: .03-.07). Deaths from RTA showed no statistical differences over the 3 years and no association of RTA trends with season was found. Overall, 27,751 RTA victims were admitted to emergency units, representing 22% of all hospitals admissions. Most victims were males (71%) and young (33%). Deaths represented 1.4% of all RTA victims. 90% of deaths occurred before or within 24 h of hospital admission. Factors associated with death were being male (p = .04), being a child under 15 years (p = .045) or an elderly person aged ≥65 years (p < .001), and having head injury or coma (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS RTA rates in Guinea are increasing. There is a need for implementing multisectoral RTA prevention measures in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karifa Kourouma
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Léopold Lamah
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, University Teaching Hospital of Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Delphin Kolie
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoul Habib Béavogui
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR) de Maferinyah, PB: 4099, Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Philip Owiti
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,The National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marcel Manzi
- Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontière Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Serge Ade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lazuras L, Rowe R, Poulter DR, Powell PA, Ypsilanti A. Impulsive and Self-Regulatory Processes in Risky Driving Among Young People: A Dual Process Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1170. [PMID: 31244705 PMCID: PMC6581758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study empirically examined a novel dual process model of self-reported aberrant driving behavior in young and novice drivers that incorporates both impulsive and self-regulatory processes. Four hundred and nine participants aged 18-25 years (M age = 21.18 years, SD = 2.12; 65.5% females) completed online questionnaires on impulsivity, normlessness, sensation seeking, emotion and self-regulation, and attitudes toward driving safety. Path analysis showed that motor impulsivity was associated with self-reported driving violations, errors, and lapses, whereas sensation seeking was uniquely directly associated with self-reported errors. Non-planning impulsivity, normlessness and sensation seeking had significant indirect effects on self-reported errors, via self-regulation. Finally, motor impulsivity and normlessness had a significant indirect effect on self-reported violations, errors and lapses, via attitudes to driving safety. Based on our findings we suggest that a dual-process approach is relevant to the study of aberrant driving behavior in young and novice drivers, and the results of the present study have important implications for initiatives to promote driving safety in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rowe
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Damian R Poulter
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Powell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Ypsilanti
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Driver behavior has been considered as the most influential factor in reducing fatal road accidents and the resulting injuries. Thus, it is important to focus on the significance of driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for a sustainable traffic system. The recent study aims to enumerate the most significant driver behavior factors which have a critical impact on road safety. The well-proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied for 20 examined driver behavior factors in a three-level hierarchical structure. Linguistic judgment data have been collected from three nominated evaluator groups in order to detect the difference of responses on perceived road safety issues. The comparison scales had been averaged prior to computing the weights of driver behavior factors. The AHP ranking results have revealed that most of the drivers are most concerned about the “Errors”, followed by the “Lapses” for the first level. The highest influential sub-criteria for the second level is the “Aggressive violations” and for the third level, the “Drive with alcohol use”. Kendall’s rank correlation has also been applied to detect the agreement degree among the evaluator groups for each level in the hierarchical structure. The estimated results indicate that road management authorities should focus on high-rank significant driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for sustainable traffic safety.
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Siskind V, Faulks IJ, Sheehan MC. The impact of changes to the NSW graduated driver licensing system on subsequent crash and offense experience. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2019; 69:109-114. [PMID: 31235221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In mid-2007 the State of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia introduced modifications to the existing graduated driver licensing system, lengthening the mandatory number of supervised hours for learner drivers aged under 25 years from 50 to 120 and extending the minimum learner period from 6 to 12 months. Additional driving restrictions were also introduced for young drivers in the two provisional licensed periods, P1, P2. This paper aims to evaluate this change by comparing the crash and offense experiences of young learner drivers before and after it occurred. METHOD From driver licensing files supplied by the NSW transport authority two cohorts of persons obtaining their initial learner's permits in the year prior to the changes and in the subsequent year were constructed with demographic data, dates of transition to the driving phases, dates of crashes, and dates and types of traffic offenses. Both cohorts comprised around 100,000 individuals. Crash rates per 100 years of person-time under observation post P1 with their standard errors were calculated. Using a survival-analytic approach the proportion of crashes of all types were graphed in three month periods post P1. Sexes were treated separately as were initial learner ages of 16, 17, 18-21, and 22-24 years. The distribution of traffic offense types during P1 and P2 phases were also compared. With such large numbers formal statistical testing was avoided. RESULTS No meaningful differences in the crash or offense experiences of the two cohorts in either sex or at any age were observed. Delaying progress to unsupervised driving has road safety benefits. CONCLUSIONS At least in conditions similar to those in NSW, requiring more than 50 h of supervised driving seems to have few road safety benefits. Practical applications: Licensing authorities should be cautious in extending the mandated number of supervised driving hours beyond 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Siskind
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Ian J Faulks
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary C Sheehan
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Lemarié L, Bellavance F, Chebat JC. Regulatory focus, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking as predictors of risky driving behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 127:19-27. [PMID: 30826693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence shows that most of the road safety efforts fail to reach the most risk-prone drivers. In light of this issue, we have developed this study in order to distinguish between high-risk drivers and low-risk drivers based on variables that have already been shown to affect the effectiveness of preventive messages: regulatory focus orientation, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking. We sent paper and pencil questionnaires to five thousand low-risk drivers and five thousand high-risk drivers randomly selected based on their driving records. A driver who has been convicted of two or more traffic infractions with demerit points (e.g., exceeding speed limits, red light violation, no seatbelt, etc.) in the last two years was considered a high-risk driver whereas a low-risk driver had no traffic offense registered in his driving record in the last four years. We received two thousand and sixty-four completed questionnaires for a response rate of 20.6%. Seven hundred and ninety-eight belonged to the group of high-risk drivers and one thousand two hundred and sixty-six to the group of low-risk drivers. The results show that a promotion focused orientation, a present hedonistic perspective, an internal locus of control, and sensation seeking are associated with more risky driving behaviors and could therefore distinguish between high-risk and low-risk drivers. These results increase the understanding of risky drivers' personalities and motivations. The literature review provides insight into how these findings might be considered in developing more effective road safety programs and campaigns, and the conclusion encourages researchers to explore these new avenues in future research.
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Akbari M, Lankarani KB, Heydari ST, Motevalian SA, Tabrizi R, Asadi-Shekari Z, J M Sullman M. Meta-analysis of the correlation between personality characteristics and risky driving behaviors. J Inj Violence Res 2019; 11:107-122. [PMID: 31030204 PMCID: PMC6646834 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the relationships risky driving behaviors (RDBs) have with the big five personality factors, sensation seeking and driving anger. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Psychinfo, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. All original studies were retrieved that assessed the relationships RDBs had with the big five personality factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger. Heterogeneity between studies was examined using the Cochran Q statistic and I2 tests. After applying Fisher's r-to-z transformation, the correlation coefficients (r) were summarized from each study and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS Overall, 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included 11211 participants. The results showed that RDBs had a significant negative relationship with agreeableness (r -0.27; 95% CI, -0.36, -0.19; P less than 0.0001), but significant positive relationships with neuroticism (r 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.29; P=0.584), sensation seeking (r 0.28; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.33; P less than 0.0001) and driving anger (r 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.64; P=0.002). Conversely, RDBs were not significantly related to extraversion (r -0.01; 95% CI, -0.08, 0.05; P=0.705), conscientiousness (r -0.05; 95% CI, -0.21, 0.12; P=0.584), or openness (r -0.06; 95% CI, -0.12, 0.00; P=0.065). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it appears that individuals most likely to engage in risky driving behaviors would be low in agreeableness, but high in neuroticism, sensation seeking and driving anger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mekonnen TH, Tesfaye YA, Moges HG, Gebremedin RB. Factors associated with risky driving behaviors for road traffic crashes among professional car drivers in Bahirdar city, northwest Ethiopia, 2016: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:17. [PMID: 30851730 PMCID: PMC6408773 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic injury is one of the persistent public health challenges in most regions of the world, representing substantial human and economic losses. Annually, about 1.25 million lives are lost, whereas 50 million suffer from road traffic injuries globally. It has been shown that over 60% of the reasons for traffic injuries are a risky driving behavior (RDB). Despite the problem's pervasiveness, there is a paucity of information about level and factors influencing RDB among professional car drivers in Bahirdar city, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2016. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 376 participants. A self-administered driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) was used for data collection. We performed a binary logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations of variables. Potential confounders were controlled using a multivariable logistic regression model. We ascertained the significance at < 0.05 p value and evaluated strength of associations using crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 361 drivers participated (response rate, 96%). The mean age was 34 (standard deviations ± 7.97) years. The majority, 98.9% (N = 357), were males. The level of risky driving behavior and road traffic crashes were 79.4% (95% CI 75.92, 83.97) and 16.3% (95% CI 15.91, 24.84), respectively. Average monthly salary [AOR 2.04; 95% CI (1.23, 2.74)], driving experience [AOR 2.72; 95% CI (1.07, 6.89)], distance driven per year [AOR 2.06; 95% CI (1.13, 4.10)], and previous history of involvement in traffic crashes [AOR 2.30; 95% CI (1.15, 7.35)] were significantly associated with risky driving behavior. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that risky driving behavior is common among professional car drivers in the study setting. Therefore, it is strongly advisable for policy makers and other stake holders to devise strategies that consider working conditions, like monthly salary and driving experiences. The study also suggests that it is often advisable to reduce the distance driven per year and learn from implications of previous history of involvement in traffic crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Haimanot Gebrehiwot Moges
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Resom Berhe Gebremedin
- Department of Health promotion and education, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zhang X, Qu X, Tao D, Xue H. The association between sensation seeking and driving outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 123:222-234. [PMID: 30530246 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between sensation seeking (SS) and driving outcomes (including four aberrant driving behaviors, accident involvement and tickets received) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forty-four eligible studies, representing 48 individual trials, were identified from a systematic literature search of four electronic databases, and included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the meta-analysis results showed that SS yielded significant positive correlations with risky driving (pooled r = 0.24, p < 0.001), aggressive driving (pooled r = 0.23, p = 0.019), and errors (pooled r = 0.22, p = 0.016). SS was also positively correlated with accident involvement (pooled r = 0.08, p < 0.001) and tickets received (pooled r = 0.19, p < 0.001), though at weaker levels. The correlations could also be moderated by a number of study and sample characteristics, such as country of origin, publication year, age, gender, driving experience and type of SS measure. The findings help facilitate our understanding of the role of SS in aberrant driving behaviors and accident risk, and provide new insight into the design of evidence-based driving education and accident prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Da Tao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hongjun Xue
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Bhattacharya S, Srivastava A, Gaikwad S, Pagdal P. A study on awareness of road traffic accidents and their basic management among medical students of government medical college, Maharashtra, India. CHRISMED JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_10_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bouquet Escobedo GS, García Méndez M, Díaz Loving R, Rivera Aragón S. Conceptuación y Medición de la Agresividad: Validación de una Escala. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v28n1.70184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir una escala de agresividad confiable y culturalmente relevante para adultos mexicanos. Se elaboraron 96 reactivos en escala Likert a partir de indicadores obtenidos en un estudio preliminar y de planteamientos teóricos. Participaron voluntarios de la Ciudad de México. Se obtuvieron cinco factores que agrupan 25 reactivos que explican el 61.59 % de la varianza, α=0.92. En otro estudio, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que mostró índices de ajuste adecuados. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron correlaciones entre la personalidad y la agresividad. Los resultados muestran que los factores extroversión, afabilidad, responsabilidad y apertura se asocian negativamente a la agresividad; mientras que el neuroticismo se asocia positivamente. Respecto a las diferencias por sexo, los resultados indican que los hombres muestran niveles más elevados de reactividad y las mujeres de frustración. Se concluye que la escala es un instrumento válido y confiable que permite reconocer diferencias entre los cinco grandes factores de personalidad, así como en hombres y mujeres.
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Dun S, Ali AZ. "Seatbelts don't save lives": Discovering and targeting the attitudes and behaviors of young Arab male drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 121:185-193. [PMID: 30253342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a two-part study that discovered then targeted beliefs and attitudes towards seatbelt use in young Arab men. The purpose of part one was to discover their safe driving beliefs, attitudes and behaviors as well as their responses to safe driving campaigns to ascertain message elements that could incite reactance. Part two targeted selected beliefs and attitudes in a message that was designed based on the results from part one to both address relevant beliefs and attitudes as well as avoid reactance. One belief, that seatbelts are not necessary in the back seat, and two attitudes, avoidance of wearing the seatbelt to prevent clothing from being wrinkled and to avoid friends' derision, were targeted. Because the participants reported reactance to common safe driving campaigns, the options for the message were quite limited. Using fear appeals, shocking content or depicting the consequences of accidents was deemed likely to be ineffective, rather a novel approach was called for. Utilizing the collectivist and masculine nature of the culture, the resulting message featured a group of young Arab men who are convinced by a personified Seatbelt to wear their seatbelts after an adventure. The message succeeded in eliciting statistically reliable belief and attitudinal change on all three dependent variables after one exposure, suggesting that tailored messages that avoid triggering reactance and are culturally contextualized while aimed at specific beliefs and attitudes can be persuasive. Although risk taking behavior can result from group pressure, our message used culturally specific group pressure but depicted it as being against the risky behavior and positively reinforced the less risky behavior, demonstrating that such approaches can be effective. The film was not a typical safe driving message, utilized social norms from the target audience and was carefully matched to their attitudes and beliefs while not being an overtly persuasive. We argue that message campaigners can utilize both the method and results for subsequent campaigns aimed at young Arab men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Dun
- PO Box 34102 Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amal Zeyad Ali
- PO Box 34102 Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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Lyu N, Cao Y, Wu C, Xu J, Xie L. The effect of gender, occupation and experience on behavior while driving on a freeway deceleration lane based on field operational test data. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 121:82-93. [PMID: 30237046 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deceleration lanes improve traffic flow by reducing interference, increasing capacity and enhancing safety. However, accident rates are higher on these interchange segments than on other freeway segments. It is important to attempt to reduce traffic accidents on these interchange segments by further exploring the behavior of different types of drivers on a highway deceleration lane. In this study, with field operational test (FOT) data from 89 driving instances (derived from 46 participants driving the test road twice) on a typical freeway deceleration lane, section speed profiles, vehicle trajectories, lane position and other key parameters were obtained. The lane-change characteristics and speed profiles of drivers with different genders, occupations and experiences were analyzed. The significant disparities between them reflects the risk associated with different groups of drivers. The study shows that male drivers changed to the outside lane earlier; professional drivers and experienced drivers made the last lane change as early as possible to enter the deceleration lane; and the speed of the vehicles entering the exit ramp was significantly higher than the speed limit. This research work provides ground truth data for deceleration lane design, driver ability training and off-ramp traffic safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengchao Lyu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Chaozhong Wu
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- College of traffic and transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Lian Xie
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China; Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of the Ministry of Communication, Xi'an 710064, China; School Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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64
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Peng X, Brenner LA, Mathai AJ, Cook TB, Fuchs D, Postolache N, Groer MW, Pandey JP, Mohyuddin F, Giegling I, Wadhawan A, Hartmann AM, Konte B, Brundin L, Friedl M, Stiller JW, Lowry CA, Rujescu D, Postolache TT. Moderation of the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and trait impulsivity in younger men by the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:992-1000. [PMID: 30057257 PMCID: PMC6371810 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii-impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Peng
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA,University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Denver, CO, USA,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE). Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ashwin J. Mathai
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas B. Cook
- Department of Public Health & Mercyhurst Institute for Public Health, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Janardan P. Pandey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Farooq Mohyuddin
- Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Brundin
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University and the Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marion Friedl
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - John W. Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE). Denver, CO, USA,Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE). Denver, CO, USA,VA Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 5 MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA,Correspondent author. (T.T. Postolache)
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Atwood J, Guo F, Fitch G, Dingus TA. The driver-level crash risk associated with daily cellphone use and cellphone use while driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 119:149-154. [PMID: 30031295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the overall prevalence of cellphone use, including the rates of calls and texts both per day and hourly while driving, and assessed whether or not individual crash risk was correlated with cellphone use. The study used data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS), which had more than 3500 participants who provided up to three years of driving data. Of these participants, 620 provided cellphone records, 564 of which included both call and text records. The prevalence of cellphone calls and texts per day was calculated. By overlaying the cellphone records with the SHRP 2 NDS data, we also evaluated the rates of calls and texts while driving by driver demographics. Crashes for these cellphone-using participants were also identified from the SHRP 2 NDS data. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine whether the crash rate was associated with cellphone use. Participants made an average of 27.1 texts and 7.3 calls per day. They averaged 1.6 texts and 1.2 calls per hour of driving. Cellphone use varied significantly by age, especially for texting. The texting rate for drivers aged 16-19 was 59.4 per day and 2.9 per hour of driving, four times higher than the 14.3 per day and 1.0 per hour for drivers 30-64 years old. The texting rate for drivers 20-29 years old was also high at 42.4 per day and 2.6 per hour of driving. Participants experienced 243 crashes in 216,231 h of driving. It was found that those who texted more often per day or per hour of driving had higher crash rates after adjusting for age and gender effects. The severe crash rate increases 0.58% for every additional text per day and all 8.3% for every text per hour of driving; overall crash rate increases 0.41% for every additional text per day and 6.46% for every text per hour of driving. The results show that cellphone texting and calling are quite common while driving. The texting rate for young drivers is substantially higher than for middle-aged and senior drivers. This study confirmed that those who text at a higher rate are associated with a higher crash risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Atwood
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Hutcheson Hall, Room 406-A, 250 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | | | - Thomas A Dingus
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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Hatfield J, Williamson A, Kehoe EJ, Lemon J, Arguel A, Prabhakharan P, Job RFS. The effects of training impulse control on simulated driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 119:1-15. [PMID: 29966858 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in young driver training that addresses age-related factors, including incompletely developed impulse control. Two studies investigated whether training of response inhibition can reduce risky simulated driving in young drivers (aged 16-24 years). Each study manipulated aspects of response inhibition training then assessed transfer of training using simulated driving measures including speeding, risky passing, and compliance with traffic controls. Study 1 (n = 65) used a Go/No-go task, Stop Signal Task and a Collision Detection Task. Designed to promote engagement, learning, and transfer, training tasks were driving-relevant and adaptive (i.e. difficulty increased as performance improved), included performance feedback, and were distributed over five days. Control participants completed matching "filler" tasks. Performance on trained tasks improved with training, but there was no significant improvement in simulated driving. Study 2 enhanced response inhibition training using Go/No-go and SST tasks, with clearer performance feedback, and 10 days of training. Control participants completed testing only, in order to avoid any possibility of training response inhibition in the filler tasks. Again performance on trained tasks improved, but there was no evidence of transfer of training to simulated driving. These findings suggest that although training of sufficient interest and duration can improve response inhibition task performance, a training schedule that is likely to be acceptable to the public does not result in improvements in simulated driving. Further research is needed to investigate whether response inhibition training can improve risky driving in the context of real-world motivations for risky driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hatfield
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Ann Williamson
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - E James Kehoe
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Lemon
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amaël Arguel
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia; Department of Educational Studies, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Prasannah Prabhakharan
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - R F Soames Job
- World Bank and Global Road Safety Facility, United States
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Padilla JL, Doncel P, Gugliotta A, Castro C. Which drivers are at risk? Factors that determine the profile of the reoffender driver. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 119:237-247. [PMID: 30055512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Finding appropriate assessment tools to predict recidivism is a difficult aim, which may lead to actions with unintended consequences. Aims don't have consequences. At times, the research has been used to justify penalising reoffenders with punitive measures rather than treating them with effective psychological interventions. This study aims to contribute to untangling and assessing the potential predictors of reoffender drivers. In this study, 296 drivers: 86 reoffenders (7 women and 79 men) and 206 non-reoffenders (105 women and 101 men) responded to a battery of assessment questionnaires in which they were asked for demographic data (i.e. gender and age), alcohol consumption habits, driving styles, general estimation of risk in everyday life, sensitivity to reward and punishment and anger while driving. The results provided a logistical regression model capable of predicting reoffending and explaining 34% of variability, successfully classifying 77.6% of participants. In this model, the best predictor of reoffending is higher consumption of alcohol (Alcohol Use Disorders, AUD), followed by incautious driving (since cautious driving style correlates negatively with reoffending) and to a lesser extent, infraestimation of recreational risk and a greater sensitivity to reward. Relying on results to predict recidivism could be important to plan better interventions to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis Padilla
- CIMCYC: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, s/n 18071. Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Doncel
- CIMCYC: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, s/n 18071. Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Gugliotta
- CIMCYC: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, s/n 18071. Granada, Spain
| | - Candida Castro
- CIMCYC: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, s/n 18071. Granada, Spain.
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68
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Alimohammadi I, Ahmadi Kanrash F, Abolghasemi J, Afrazandeh H, Rahmani K. Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on Aggressive Behavior of Automotive Industry Workers. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2018; 9:170-175. [PMID: 30325357 PMCID: PMC6466992 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noise pollution is one of the important harmful physical factors in work environment in developed and developing countries. It not only causes a variety of physiological effects, but also accounts for psychological disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to noise on aggression in automotive industry workers. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in an Iranian automotive industry, a group of workers were randomly selected from different parts of the paint shop. The workers' aggression level was measured using the Buss and Perry's questionnaire. The noise level was also measured at the workplace. Using linear regression analysis, the relationship between the level of aggression and noise level was evaluated. RESULTS 250 workers with a mean age of 36.1 (SD 3.7) years were studied. There was a significant (p<0.05) correlation between the measured noise intensity and the aggression level of the studied workers. CONCLUSION Exposure to noise in work environment increases the incidence of tension and inappropriate behavior associated with aggression. Controlling noise through use of protective equipment might reduce the deleterious effects of noise on workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Alimohammadi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakhradin Ahmadi Kanrash
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Afrazandeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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69
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Zou X, Yue WL, Vu HL. Visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domain of road safety studies. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 118:131-145. [PMID: 29958121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mapping knowledge domain (MKD) is an important application of visualization technology in Bibliometrics, which has been extensively applied in psychology, medicine, and information science. In this paper we conduct a systematic analysis of the development trend on road safety studies based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles published between 2000 and 2018 using the MKD software tools VOSviewer and Sci2 Tool. Based on our analysis, we first present the annual numbers of articles, origin countries, main research organizations and groups as well as the source journals on road safety studies. We then report the collaborations among the main research organizations and groups using co-authorship analysis. Furthermore, we adopt the document co-citation analysis, keywords co-occurrence analysis, and burst detection analysis to visually explore the knowledge bases, topic distribution, research fronts and research trends on road safety studies. The proposed approach based on the visualized analysis of MKD can be used to establish a reference information and research basis for the application and development of methods in the domain of road safety studies. In particular, our results show that the knowledge bases (classical documents) of road safety studies in the last two decades have focused on five major areas of "Crash Frequency Data Analysis", "Driver Behavior Questionnaire", "Safety in Numbers for Walkers and Bicyclists", "Road Traffic Injury and Prevention", and "Driving Speed and Road Crashes". Among the research topics, the five dominant clusters are "Causation and Injury Severity Analysis of Road Accidents", "Epidemiologic Study and Prevention of Road Traffic Injury", "Intelligent Transportation System and Active Safety", "Young drivers' driving behavior and psychology", and "Older drivers' psychological and physiological characteristics". Finally, the burst keywords in research trends include Cycling, Intelligent Transportation Systems, and Distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Wen Long Yue
- Australian Road Research Board, Port Melbourne, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Hai Le Vu
- Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Ābele L, Haustein S, Møller M, Martinussen LM. Consistency between subjectively and objectively measured hazard perception skills among young male drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 118:214-220. [PMID: 29502852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Young male drivers have lower hazard perception skills (HPS) than older and more experienced drivers and a tendency to overestimate their skills in hazardous situations. Both factors contribute to an over-representation in traffic accidents. Based on a sample of 63 drivers aged 18-24, this study compares the consistency of HPS measured by objective and subjective measures and the link between these measures is the key contribution of the study. Both visible and hidden hazards are included. Objective measures of HPS include responsiveness and eye movements while driving in a driving simulator. Subjective measures of HPS include self-reports derived based on the Hazard Perception Questionnaire (HPQ), Driving Skill Questionnaire (DSQ), and Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS). Results show that drivers who respond to the hazards on time, as compared to drivers who do not respond, have higher scores on subjective measures of HPS and higher driving skills in the visible but not in the hidden condition. Eye movement analysis confirms the difference and shows that response in time to hazards indicate higher HPS and young drivers are poor at detecting hidden hazards. Drivers with a response in time locate the hazard faster, have more fixations, but dwell less on the hazard. At the same time, those who do not respond have a later first fixation and fewer but longer fixations on the hazard. High sensation seeking drivers respond to visible hazards on time, suggesting that sensation seeking does not affect HPS negatively when the hazard is visible. To enhance the HPS among young drivers, the results of this study suggest that specific hazard perception training is relevant, especially for hazards that require more advanced HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Līva Ābele
- DTU Management, Diplomvej, Building 371, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sonja Haustein
- DTU Management, Diplomvej, Building 372, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mette Møller
- DTU Management, Diplomvej, Building 371, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
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Preece C, Watson A, Kaye SA, Fleiter J. Understanding the psychological precursors of young drivers' willingness to speed and text while driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 117:196-204. [PMID: 29709730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study applied the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to investigate the factors that may predict young drivers' (non-intentional) willingness to text while driving, text while stopped, and engage in high and low levels of speeding. In addition, the study sought to assess whether general optimism bias would predict young drivers' willingness to text and speed over and above the PWM. Licenced drivers (N = 183) aged 17-25 years (M = 19.84, SD = 2.30) in Queensland, Australia completed an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that the PWM was effective in explaining the variance in willingness to perform all four illegal driving behaviours. Particularly, young drivers who possessed favourable attitudes and a positive prototype perception towards these behaviours were more willing to engage in texting and speeding. In contrast to the study's predictions, optimistically biased beliefs decreased young drivers' willingness to text while stopped and engage in high and low levels of speeding. The findings of the study may help inform policy and educational campaigns to better target risky driving behaviours by considering the influence of attitudes, prototypes and the non-intentional pathway that may lead to engagement in texting while driving and stopped and engagement in high and low levels of speeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Preece
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Angela Watson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Sherrie-Anne Kaye
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Judy Fleiter
- QUT, School of Psychology and Counselling, Global Road Safety Partnership, Switzerland.
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Sasamori H, Ohmura Y, Kubo T, Yoshida T, Yoshioka M. Assessment of impulsivity in adolescent mice: A new training procedure for a 3-choice serial reaction time task. Behav Brain Res 2018; 343:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dong C, Xie K, Zeng J, Li X. Multivariate dynamic Tobit models with lagged observed dependent variables: An effectiveness analysis of highway safety laws. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 113:292-302. [PMID: 29455118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highway safety laws aim to influence driver behaviors so as to reduce the frequency and severity of crashes, and their outcomes. For one specific highway safety law, it would have different effects on the crashes across severities. Understanding such effects can help policy makers upgrade current laws and hence improve traffic safety. To investigate the effects of highway safety laws on crashes across severities, multivariate models are needed to account for the interdependency issues in crash counts across severities. Based on the characteristics of the dependent variables, multivariate dynamic Tobit (MVDT) models are proposed to analyze crash counts that are aggregated at the state level. Lagged observed dependent variables are incorporated into the MVDT models to account for potential temporal correlation issues in crash data. The state highway safety law related factors are used as the explanatory variables and socio-demographic and traffic factors are used as the control variables. Three models, a MVDT model with lagged observed dependent variables, a MVDT model with unobserved random variables, and a multivariate static Tobit (MVST) model are developed and compared. The results show that among the investigated models, the MVDT models with lagged observed dependent variables have the best goodness-of-fit. The findings indicate that, compared to the MVST, the MVDT models have better explanatory power and prediction accuracy. The MVDT model with lagged observed variables can better handle the stochasticity and dependency in the temporal evolution of the crash counts and the estimated values from the model are closer to the observed values. The results show that more lives could be saved if law enforcement agencies can make a sustained effort to educate the public about the importance of motorcyclists wearing helmets. Motor vehicle crash-related deaths, injuries, and property damages could be reduced if states enact laws for stricter text messaging rules, higher speeding fines, older licensing age, and stronger graduated licensing provisions. Injury and PDO crashes would be significantly reduced with stricter laws prohibiting the use of hand-held communication devices and higher fines for drunk driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Dong
- Center for Transportation Research, Tickle College of Engineering, University of Tennessee, 600 Henley Street, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; School of Traffic & Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, 414 Dougherty, Knoxville, TN 37996-2210, USA; School of Traffic & Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- School of Traffic & Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100181, China
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Helal R, El-Khawaga G, El-Gilany AH. Perception and Practice of Road Safety among Medical Students, Mansoura, Egypt. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:25-31. [PMID: 29503802 PMCID: PMC5831683 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students towards road safety and to determine their driving behavior and its relation to different related factors. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 480 medical students at Mansoura University, Egypt. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect student personal data, knowledge about road safety, attitude towards road safety, and driving practices. Results More than 40% of students experienced an injury in the previous year, mainly as a pedestrian (56%), and 15.2% practiced driving, although only 9.6% had a driving licence. Most of the students had correct road safety knowledge except for awareness that the safe time to read maps is when your vehicle is parked (44%), one should drive in the left lane (29.6%), and one should overtake from the right-hand lane only (25.8%). The majority of the students reported that road traffic injuries can be prevented (89.2%). The mean score of the driving practices of the students ranged from 0.66±1.04 to 2.44±6.28 and rural residents showed significantly higher score regarding errors and lapses. Conclusion Good road safety knowledge and a favorable, low risk attitude, did not translate into improved road traffic behavior and this highlights the importance of stricter implementation of the existing rules and including road safety in medical education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randah Helal
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Khawaga
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Taylor JB, Visser TAW, Fueggle SN, Bellgrove MA, Fox AM. The error-related negativity (ERN) is an electrophysiological marker of motor impulsiveness on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) during adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:77-86. [PMID: 29353681 PMCID: PMC6969191 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have postulated that the error-related negativity (ERN) may reflect individual differences in impulsivity; however, none have used a longitudinal framework or evaluated impulsivity as a multidimensional construct. The current study evaluated whether ERN amplitude, measured in childhood and adolescence, is predictive of impulsiveness during adolescence. Methods Seventy-five children participated in this study, initially at ages 7–9 years and again at 12–18 years. The interval between testing sessions ranged from 5 to 9 years. The ERN was extracted in response to behavioural errors produced during a modified visual flanker task at both time points (i.e. childhood and adolescence). Participants also completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale − a measure that considers impulsiveness to comprise three core sub-traits − during adolescence. Results At adolescence, the ERN amplitude was significantly larger than during childhood. Additionally, ERN amplitude during adolescence significantly predicted motor impulsiveness at that time point, after controlling for age, gender, and the number of trials included in the ERN. In contrast, ERN amplitude during childhood did not uniquely predict impulsiveness during adolescence. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence that ERN amplitude is an electrophysiological marker of self-reported motor impulsiveness (i.e. acting without thinking) during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine B Taylor
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Mailbag M304, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Troy A W Visser
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Mailbag M304, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Simone N Fueggle
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Mailbag M304, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Fox
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Mailbag M304, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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76
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Stanojević P, Sullman MJM, Jovanović D, Stanojević D. The impact of police presence on angry and aggressive driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 110:93-100. [PMID: 29126022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An extensive body of research has found that angry and aggressive driving are both significantly related to crash involvement. There has also been a large body of research investigating the situational factors related to angry and aggressive driving, but one interesting question that has not yet been answered is whether the enforcement of traffic laws causes or reduces angry and aggressive driving. The independent region of Northern Kosovo represents a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of a lack of traffic enforcement on driving behaviour. Therefore, the present study set out to investigate whether the presence of traffic enforcement has a significant impact on the level of driver anger and aggressive driving. Registered owners of motor vehicles in Northern Kosovo and Serbia were both sent a questionnaire which contained the 28-item Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) and the 21-item UK Driving Anger Scale (UKDAS). This found that anger was higher in two of the four driving anger factors (direct hostility and progress impeded) and two of the three DDDI factors (risky driving & aggressive driving). Furthermore, the present study found that the lack of police enforcement was a significant predictor of both aggressive and risky driving, even after the driving anger and demographic variables had been partialled out. Therefore, it appears that introducing or increasing traffic enforcement may be one method of reducing aggressive and risky driving behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Güzelyurt/Morphou, Cyprus
| | - Dragan Jovanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Transport, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanojević
- Faculty of Philosophy in Kosovska Mitrovica, Department of Psychology, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
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Soliman A, Alhajyaseen W, Alfar R, Alkaabi I. Changes in Driving Behavior Across Age Cohorts in an Arab Culture: the Case of State of Qatar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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78
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Luht K, Eensoo D, Tooding LM, Harro J. The association of measures of the serotonin system, personality, alcohol use, and smoking with risk-taking traffic behavior in adolescents in a longitudinal study. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:9-16. [PMID: 28844162 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1368702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the neurobiological basis of risk-taking behavior have most often focused on the serotonin system. The promoter region of the gene encoding the serotonin transporter contains a polymorphic site (5-HTTLPR) that is important for the transcriptional activity, and studies have demonstrated its association with brain activity and behavior. Another molecular mechanism that reflects the capacity of the central serotonin system is the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) as measured in platelets. The purpose of the present study was to examine how measures of the serotonin system (platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism), personality variables, alcohol use and smoking are associated with risk-taking traffic behavior in schoolchildren through late adolescence. The younger cohort of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (originally n = 583) filled in questionnaires about personality traits, smoking status, alcohol use and traffic behavior at age 15 and 18 years. From venous blood samples, platelet MAO activity was measured radioenzymatically and 5-HTTLPR was genotyped. During late adolescence, subjects with lower platelet MAO activity were more likely to belong to the high-risk traffic behavior group. Male 5-HTTLPRs'-allele carriers were more likely to belong to the high-risk traffic behavior group compared to the l'/l' homozygotes. Other variables predicting risk group were alcohol use, smoking and Maladaptive impulsivity.The results suggest that lower capacity of the serotoninergic system is associated with more risky traffic behavior during late adolescence, but possibly by different mechanisms in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi Luht
- a Institute of Education , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.,b Rescue College , Estonian Academy of Security Sciences , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Diva Eensoo
- c Institute of Social Studies , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Liina-Mai Tooding
- c Institute of Social Studies , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- d Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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79
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Sani SRH, Tabibi Z, Fadardi JS, Stavrinos D. Aggression, emotional self-regulation, attentional bias, and cognitive inhibition predict risky driving behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 109:78-88. [PMID: 29049929 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored whether aggression, emotional regulation, cognitive inhibition, and attentional bias towards emotional stimuli were related to risky driving behavior (driving errors, and driving violations). A total of 117 applicants for taxi driver positions (89% male, M age=36.59years, SD=9.39, age range 24-62years) participated in the study. Measures included the Ahwaz Aggression Inventory, the Difficulties in emotion regulation Questionnaire, the emotional Stroop task, the Go/No-go task, and the Driving Behavior Questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyses showed that aggression and emotional regulation predicted risky driving behavior. Difficulties in emotion regulation, the obstinacy and revengeful component of aggression, attentional bias toward emotional stimuli, and cognitive inhibition predicted driving errors. Aggression was the only significant predictive factor for driving violations. In conclusion, aggression and difficulties in regulating emotions may exacerbate risky driving behaviors. Deficits in cognitive inhibition and attentional bias toward negative emotional stimuli can increase driving errors. Predisposition to aggression has strong effect on making one vulnerable to violation of traffic rules and crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Tabibi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, 1518, 9177948991, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Despina Stavrinos
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 916 19th Street South, 916 Building, Birmingham, AL, 35294 USA.
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Rahemi Z, Ajorpaz NM, Sharifi Esfahani M, Aghajani M. Sensation-seeking and factors related to dangerous driving behaviors among Iranian drivers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Arizon Peretz R, Luria G. Drivers' social-work relationships as antecedents of unsafe driving: A social network perspective. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:348-357. [PMID: 28711863 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce road accidents rates, studies around the globe have attempted to shed light on the antecedents for unsafe road behaviors. The aim of the current research is to contribute to this literature by offering a new organizational antecedent of driver's unsafe behavior: The driver's relationships with his or her peers, as reflected in three types of social networks: negative relationships network, friendship networks and advice networks (safety consulting). We hypothesized that a driver's position in negative relationship networks, friendship networks, and advice networks will predict unsafe driving. Additionally, we hypothesized the existence of mutual influences among the driver's positions in these various networks, and suggested that the driver's positions interact to predict unsafe driving behaviors. The research included 83 professional drivers from four different organizations. Driving behavior data were gathered via the IVDR (In-Vehicle Data Recorder) system, installed in every truck to measure and record the driver's behavior. The findings indicated that the drivers' position in the team networks predicts safe driving behavior: Centrality in negative relationship networks is positively related to unsafe driving, and centrality in friendship networks is negatively related to unsafe driving, while centrality in advice networks is not related to unsafe driving. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect between negative network centrality and centrality in friendship networks. The relation between negative networks and unsafe behavior is weaker when high levels of friendship network centrality exist. The implications will be presented in the Discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Arizon Peretz
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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Panayiotou G, Karekla M, Georgiou D, Constantinou E, Paraskeva-Siamata M. Psychophysiological and self-reported reactivity associated with social anxiety and public speaking fear symptoms: Effects of fear versus distress. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:278-286. [PMID: 28599192 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines psychophysiological and subjective reactivity to anxiety-provoking situations in relation to social anxiety and public speaking fear. We hypothesized that social anxiety symptoms would be associated with similar reactivity across types of imaginary anxiety scenes and not specifically to social anxiety-related scenes. This would be attributed to co-existing depression symptoms. Public speaking fear was expected to be associated with more circumscribed reactivity to survival-threat scenes, due to its association with fearfulness. Community participants imagined standardized anxiety situations, including social anxiety and animal fear scenes, while their physiological reactivity and self-reported emotions were assessed. Findings supported that social anxiety was associated with undifferentiated physiological reactivity across anxiety-provoking situations, except with regards to skin conductance level, which was higher during social anxiety imagery. Public speaking fear was associated with increased reactivity to animal phobia and panic scenes. Covariance analyses indicated that the lack of response specificity associated with social anxiety could be attributed to depression levels, while the specificity associated with public speaking fear could be explained by fearfulness. Findings highlight the need to assess not only primary anxiety symptoms but also depression and fearfulness, which likely predict discrepant reactions of individuals to anxiogenic situations.
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83
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Brown TG, Ouimet MC, Eldeb M, Tremblay J, Vingilis E, Nadeau L, Pruessner J, Bechara A. The effect of age on the personality and cognitive characteristics of three distinct risky driving offender groups. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hatfield J, Williamson A, Kehoe EJ, Prabhakharan P. An examination of the relationship between measures of impulsivity and risky simulated driving amongst young drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 103:37-43. [PMID: 28384487 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The risky driving of young drivers may owe in part to youthful motivations (such as experience-seeking, authority rebellion, desire for peer approval) combined with incompletely developed impulse control. Although self-reported impulsiveness has been positively associated with self-reports of risky driving, results based on objective measures of response inhibition (e.g., Go/No-go tasks) have been inconclusive. The present study examined interrelationships between measures of response inhibition, self-report impulsiveness scales, and responses to events during a simulated drive that were designed to detect impulsive, unsafe behaviours (e.g., turning across on-coming traffic). Participants were 72 first-year Psychology students. More speeding and "Unsafe" responding to critical events during simulated driving were associated with poorer impulse control as assessed by commission errors during a Go/No-Go task. These results consolidate evidence for a relationship between impulse control and risky driving amongst young drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hatfield
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ann Williamson
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - E James Kehoe
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prasannah Prabhakharan
- Transport and Road Safety Research Centre (TARS), The University of New South Wales, Australia
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Rike PO, Johansen HJ, Ulleberg P, Lundqvist A, Schanke AK. Exploring associations between self-regulatory mechanisms and neuropsychological functioning and driver behaviour after brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 28:466-490. [PMID: 28278592 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1170702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective one-year follow-up study was to explore the associations between self-regulatory mechanisms and neuropsychological tests as well as baseline and follow-up ratings of driver behaviour. The participants were a cohort of subjects with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were found fit to drive after a multi-disciplinary driver assessment (baseline). Baseline measures included neuropsychological tests and ratings of self-regulatory mechanisms, i.e., executive functions (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version; BRIEF-A) and impulsive personality traits (UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale). The participants rated pre-injury driving behaviour on the Driver Behaviour Qestionnaire (DBQ) retrospectively at baseline and after one year of post-injury driving (follow-up). Better performance on neuropsychological tests was significantly associated with more post-injury DBQ Violations. The BRIEF-A main indexes were significantly associated with baseline and follow-up ratings of DBQ Mistakes and follow-up DBQ Inattention. UPPS (lack of) Perseverance was significantly associated with baseline DBQ Inattention, whereas UPPS Urgency was significantly associated with baseline DBQ Inexperience and post-injury DBQ Mistakes. There were no significant changes in DBQ ratings from baseline (pre-injury) to follow-up (post-injury). It was concluded that neuropsychological functioning and self-regulatory mechanisms are related to driver behaviour. Some aspects of driver behaviour do not necessarily change after brain injury, reflecting the influence of premorbid driving behaviour or impaired awareness of deficits on post-injury driving behaviour. Further evidence is required to predict the role of self-regulatory mechanisms on driver behaviour and crashes or near misses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Rike
- a Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital , Nesodden , Norway
| | | | - Pål Ulleberg
- c Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anna Lundqvist
- d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , University Hospital , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Anne-Kristine Schanke
- a Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital , Nesodden , Norway.,c Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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86
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Al Azri M, Al Reesi H, Al-Adawi S, Al Maniri A, Freeman J. Personality of young drivers in Oman: Relationship to risky driving behaviors and crash involvement among Sultan Qaboos University students. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:150-156. [PMID: 27690191 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1235269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drivers' behaviors such as violations and errors have been demonstrated to predict crash involvement among young Omani drivers. However, there is a dearth of studies linking risky driving behaviors to the personality of young drivers. The aim of the present study was to assess such traits within a sample of young Omani drivers (as measured through the behavioral inhibition system [BIS] and the behavioral activation system [BAS]) and determine links with aberrant driving behaviors and self-reported crash involvement. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University that targeted all licensed Omani's undergraduate students. A total of 529 randomly selected students completed the self-reported questionnaire that included an assessment of driving behaviors (e.g., Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, DBQ) as well as the BIS/BAS measures. RESULTS A total of 237 participants (44.8%) reported involvement in at least one crash since being licensed. Young drivers with lower BIS-Anxiety scores and higher BAS-Fun Seeking tendencies as well as male drivers were more likely to report driving violations. Statistically significant gender differences were observed on all BIS and BAS subscales (except for BAS-Fun) and the DBQ subscales, because males reported higher trait scores. Though personality traits were related to aberrant driving behaviors at the bivariate level, the constructs were not predictive of engaging in violations or errors. Furthermore, consistent with previous research, a supplementary multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only driving experience was predictive of crash involvement. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that though personality traits influence self-reported driving styles (and differ between the genders), the relationship with crash involvement is not as clear. This article further outlines the key findings of the study in regards to understanding core psychological constructs that increase crash risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Azri
- a College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamed Al Reesi
- a College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- b Directorate General of Planning , Ministry of Health , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- c Department of Behavioral Medicine , College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Al Maniri
- d Research and Studies Department , Oman Medical Specialty Board , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - James Freeman
- e Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q) , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
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Tao D, Zhang R, Qu X. The role of personality traits and driving experience in self-reported risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 99:228-235. [PMID: 27984813 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of personality traits and driving experience in the prediction of risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese population. A convenience sample of drivers (n=511; mean (SD) age=34.2 (8.8) years) completed a self-report questionnaire that was designed based on validated scales for measuring personality traits, risky driving behaviors and self-reported accident risk. Results from structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the data fit well with our theoretical model. While showing no direct effects on accident risk, personality traits had direct effects on risky driving behaviors, and yielded indirect effects on accident risk mediated by risky driving behaviors. Both driving experience and risky driving behaviors directly predicted accident risk and accounted for 15% of its variance. There was little gender difference in personality traits, risky driving behaviors and accident risk. The findings emphasized the importance of personality traits and driving experience in the understanding of risky driving behaviors and accident risk among Chinese drivers and provided new insight into the design of evidence-based driving education and accident prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Luk JW, Trim RS, Karyadi KA, Curry I, Hopfer CJ, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC, Brown SA, Wall TL. Unique and interactive effects of impulsivity facets on reckless driving and driving under the influence in a high-risk young adult sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017; 114:42-47. [PMID: 29038610 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Risky driving behaviors are disproportionately high among young adults and impulsivity is a robust risk factor. Recent conceptualizations have proposed multidimensional facets of impulsivity comprised of negative urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency (UPPS-P model). Prior studies have found these facets are associated with risky driving behaviors in college student samples, but no prior studies have examined these facets in clinical samples. This study examined the unique and interactive effects of UPPS-P impulsivity facets on past-year risky driving behaviors in a sample of high-risk young adults (ages 18-30 years) with a history of substance use and antisocial behavior and their siblings (n=1,100). Multilevel Poisson regressions indicated that sensation seeking and negative urgency were uniquely and positively associated with both frequency of past-year reckless driving and driving under the influence. Moreover, lack of premeditation was uniquely and positively associated with reckless driving, whereas lack of perseverance was uniquely and positively associated with driving under the influence. Furthermore, lack of premeditation moderated and strengthened the positive association between sensation seeking and driving under the influence. These study findings suggest that assessing multiple facets of trait impulsivity could facilitate targeted prevention efforts among young adults with a history of externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ryan S Trim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
- V.A. San Diego Health System, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kenny A Karyadi
- Department of Psychology, Patton State Hospital, Patton, USA
| | - Inga Curry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
- V.A. San Diego Health System, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | | | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
- V.A. San Diego Health System, La Jolla, USA
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Rahman NH, Rainis R, Noor SH, Mohamad SMS. The Buffering analysis to identify common geographical factors within the vicinity of severe injury related to motor vehicle crash in Malaysia. World J Emerg Med 2016; 7:278-284. [PMID: 27942345 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective was to identify common geographical buildup within the 100-meter buffer of severely injured based on injury severity score (ISS) among the motor vehicle crash (MVC) victims in Malaysia. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study from July 2011 until June 2013 and involved all MVC patients attending emergency departments (ED) of two tertiary centers in a district in Malaysia. A set of digital maps was obtained from the Town Planning Unit of the district Municipal Office (local district map). Vector spaces were spanned over these maps using GIS software (ARCGIS 10.1 licensed to the study center), and data from the identified severe injured cases based on ISS of 16 or more were added. Buffer analysis was performed and included all events occurring within a 100 -meter perimeter around a reference point. RESULTS A total of 439 cases were recruited over the ten-month data collection period. Fifty two (11%) of the cases were categorized as severe cased based on ISS scoring of 16 and more. Further buffer analysis looking at the buildup areas within the vicinity of the severely injured locations showed that most of the severe injuries occurred at locations on municipal roads (15, 29%), straight roads (16, 30%) and within villages buildup (suburban) areas (18, 35%). CONCLUSION This study has successfully achieved its objective in identifying common geographical factors and buildup areas within the vicinity of severely injured road traffic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Hisamuddin Rahman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ruslan Rainis
- School of Humanity, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Hatim Noor
- Unit of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
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Abay KA, Mannering FL. An empirical analysis of risk-taking in car driving and other aspects of life. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 97:57-68. [PMID: 27566958 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The link between risk-taking behavior in various aspects of life has long been an area of debate among economists and psychologists. Using an extensive data set from Denmark, this study provides an empirical investigation of the link between risky driving and risk taking in other aspects of life, including risk-taking behavior in financial and labor-market decisions. Specifically, we establish significant positive correlations between individuals' risk-taking behavior in car driving and their risk-taking behavior in financial and labor-market decisions. However, we find that the strength of these correlations vary significantly between genders, and across risk decisions. These correlations and their differences across genders get stronger when we construct more "homogenous" groups by restricting our sample to those individuals with at least some stock-market participation. Overall, the empirical results in this study suggest that risk-taking behavior in various aspects of life can be associated, and our results corroborate previous evidence on the link between individuals' risk preferences across various aspects of life. This implies that individuals' driving behavior, which is commonly unobservable, can be more fully understood using observable labor market and financial decisions of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom A Abay
- Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 26, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Fred L Mannering
- Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Courtesy Department of Economics, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENC 3506, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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91
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Cheng ASK, Ting KH, Liu KPY, Ba Y. Impulsivity and risky decision making among taxi drivers in Hong Kong: An event-related potential study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 95:387-394. [PMID: 26748873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Taxi drivers play an important role in providing safe and professional public transport services. However, they tend to be more involved than other professional driver groups in accidents caused by deliberate recklessness. This study used an event-related potential (ERP) experiment to examine risk-taking behavior arising from impulsivity by comparing the underlying neural processes of taxi drivers with and without traffic offence records in Hong Kong. A sample of 15 traffic offenders and 15 nonoffenders, matched by sociodemographic characteristics, was recruited. The results show that the offender group demonstrated significantly less negative-going (less negative) feedback-related negativity but more positive-going (more positive) feedback-related P300 when than with their nonoffending counterparts. These findings show that taxi drivers with traffic offence records were less sensitive to the consequences of behavior and more attuned to the magnitude of potential reward. In addition, behavioral data revealed that they were more willing to make risky decisions. All these characteristics pertain to impulsive personality traits. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the offenders in this sample were more impulsive than their nonoffending counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S K Cheng
- Ergonomics and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K H Ting
- Applied Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen P Y Liu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Yutao Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Automobile Safety and Energy, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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92
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Parr MN, Ross LA, McManus B, Bishop HJ, Wittig SMO, Stavrinos D. Differential impact of personality traits on distracted driving behaviors in teens and older adults. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 92:107-12. [PMID: 27054484 PMCID: PMC4856560 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of personality on distracted driving behaviors. METHOD Participants included 120 drivers (48 teens, 72 older adults) who completed the 45-item Big Five Personality questionnaire assessing self-reported personality factors and the Questionnaire Assessing Distracted Driving (QUADD) assessing the frequency of distracted driving behaviors. Associations for all five personality traits with each outcome (e.g., number of times texting on the phone, talking on the phone, and interacting with the phone while driving) were analyzed separately for teens and older adults using negative binomial or Poisson regressions that controlled for age, gender and education. RESULTS In teens, higher levels of openness and conscientiousness were predictive of greater reported texting frequency and interacting with a phone while driving, while lower levels of agreeableness was predictive of fewer reported instances of texting and interacting with a phone while driving. In older adults, greater extraversion was predictive of greater reported talking on and interacting with a phone while driving. Other personality factors were not significantly associated with distracted driving behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits may be important predictors of distracted driving behaviors, though specific traits associated with distracted driving may vary across age groups. The relationship between personality and distracted driving behaviors provides a unique opportunity to target drivers who are more likely to engage in distracted driving behavior, thereby increasing the effectiveness of educational campaigns and improving driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Parr
- Translational Research for Injury Prevention (TRIP) Laboratory, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Lesley A Ross
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Benjamin McManus
- Translational Research for Injury Prevention (TRIP) Laboratory, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Haley J Bishop
- Translational Research for Injury Prevention (TRIP) Laboratory, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Shannon M O Wittig
- Translational Research for Injury Prevention (TRIP) Laboratory, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Despina Stavrinos
- Translational Research for Injury Prevention (TRIP) Laboratory, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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93
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Barraclough P, af Wåhlberg A, Freeman J, Watson B, Watson A. Predicting Crashes Using Traffic Offences. A Meta-Analysis that Examines Potential Bias between Self-Report and Archival Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153390. [PMID: 27128093 PMCID: PMC4851372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traffic offences have been considered an important predictor of crash involvement, and have often been used as a proxy safety variable for crashes. However the association between crashes and offences has never been meta-analysed and the population effect size never established. Research is yet to determine the extent to which this relationship may be spuriously inflated through systematic measurement error, with obvious implications for researchers endeavouring to accurately identify salient factors predictive of crashes. Methodology and Principal Findings Studies yielding a correlation between crashes and traffic offences were collated and a meta-analysis of 144 effects drawn from 99 road safety studies conducted. Potential impact of factors such as age, time period, crash and offence rates, crash severity and data type, sourced from either self-report surveys or archival records, were considered and discussed. After weighting for sample size, an average correlation of r = .18 was observed over the mean time period of 3.2 years. Evidence emerged suggesting the strength of this correlation is decreasing over time. Stronger correlations between crashes and offences were generally found in studies involving younger drivers. Consistent with common method variance effects, a within country analysis found stronger effect sizes in self-reported data even controlling for crash mean. Significance The effectiveness of traffic offences as a proxy for crashes may be limited. Inclusion of elements such as independently validated crash and offence histories or accurate measures of exposure to the road would facilitate a better understanding of the factors that influence crash involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Barraclough
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - James Freeman
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Barry Watson
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Angela Watson
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland, School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia
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Liu J, Wang X, Khattak AJ, Hu J, Cui J, Ma J. How big data serves for freight safety management at highway-rail grade crossings? A spatial approach fused with path analysis. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Chai J, Zhao G. Effect of exposure to aggressive stimuli on aggressive driving behavior at pedestrian crossings at unmarked roadways. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 88:159-168. [PMID: 26774041 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive driving, influenced by the proneness of driving aggression, angry state and provoking situation, is adversely affecting traffic safety especially in developing countries where pedestrians frequently cross an unmarked crosswalk. Exposure to aggressive stimuli causes driving anger and aggressive driving behaviors, but the exposure effect on higher and lower aggression drivers and their cumulative changes under successive exposures need more investigation. OBJECTIVES An experiment was conducted to examine (1) driving behaviors of individuals with higher and lower aggressive driving traits when approaching pedestrian crossings at unmarked roadways with and without aggressive provocation; and (2) cumulative changes of driving performance under repeated provocations. METHOD We conducted a driving simulator study with 50 participants. Trait of aggressive driving served as a between-subjects variable: participants with an Aggressive Driving Scale (ADS) total score of 30 or more (for men) or 23 or more (for women) were regarded as higher aggressive drivers; lower aggressive drivers were those individuals whose ADS total scores were 21 or less (for men) or 13 or less (for women). Exposure to aggressive stimuli (provoked vs. non-provoked condition) served as a within-subjects variable. Several aspects of the participants' minimum driving speed, lateral distance from a simulated pedestrian, lateral deviation, and subjective measures were collected. RESULTS We found that drivers with higher aggressive driving traits were more likely to feel irritated and fail to give way for pedestrians and drove closer to pedestrians when exposed to sustained honking and improper passing compared to the non-provoked condition. This trait×state interaction only occurred when pedestrians crossed the street from the right roadway edge line. In addition, we observed an accumulation effect of exposure to aggressive stimuli on driver's aggressive behaviors at pedestrian crossings. CONCLUSIONS Environmental design, law enforcement, and educational campaign may have practical value for reducing pedestrian and driver conflicts at unmarked roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chai
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, China.
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López García C. Evaluación de la eficacia de un curso de seguridad vial fundamentado en el cambio de actitudes en escuelas de conductores. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpsic.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu J, Khattak AJ, Richards SH, Nambisan S. What are the differences in driver injury outcomes at highway-rail grade crossings? Untangling the role of pre-crash behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 85:157-169. [PMID: 26432991 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crashes at highway-rail grade crossings can result in severe injuries and fatalities to vehicle occupants. Using a crash database from the Federal Railroad Administration (N=15,639 for 2004-2013), this study explores differences in safety outcomes from crashes between passive controls (Crossbucks and STOP signs) and active controls (flashing lights, gates, audible warnings and highway signals). To address missing data, an imputation model is developed, creating a complete dataset for estimation. Path analysis is used to quantify the direct and indirect associations of passive and active controls with pre-crash behaviors and crash outcomes in terms of injury severity. The framework untangles direct and indirect associations of controls by estimating two models, one for pre-crash driving behaviors (e.g., driving around active controls), and another model for injury severity. The results show that while the presence of gates is not directly associated with injury severity, the indirect effect through stopping behavior is statistically significant (95% confidence level) and substantial. Drivers are more likely to stop at gates that also have flashing lights and audible warnings, and stopping at gates is associated with lower injury severity. This indirect association lowers the chances of injury by 16%, compared with crashes at crossings without gates. Similar relationships between other controls and injury severity are explored. Generally, crashes occurring at active controls are less severe than crashes at passive controls. The results of study can be used to modify Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to account for crash injury severity. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of safety by incorporating pre-crash behaviors in a broader framework that quantifies correlates of crash injury severity at active and passive crossings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 311 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Asad J Khattak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 322 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Stephen H Richards
- Center for Transportation Research, The University of Tennessee, 309 Conference Center Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Shashi Nambisan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 320 John Tickle Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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Dozza M, Flannagan CAC, Sayer JR. Real-world effects of using a phone while driving on lateral and longitudinal control of vehicles. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 55:81-7. [PMID: 26683550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technologies able to augment human communication, such as smartphones, are increasingly present during all daily activities. Their use while driving, in particular, is of great potential concern, because of the high risk that distraction poses during this activity. Current countermeasures to distraction from phone use are considerably different across countries and not always widely accepted/adopted by the drivers. METHODS This study utilized naturalistic driving data collected from 108 drivers in the Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems (IVBSS) program in 2009 and 2010 to assess the extent to which using a phone changes lateral or longitudinal control of a vehicle. The IVBSS study included drivers from three age groups: 20–30 (younger), 40–50 (middle-aged), and 60–70 (older). RESULTS Results from this study show that younger drivers are more likely to use a phone while driving than older and middle-aged drivers. Furthermore, younger drivers exhibited smaller safety margins while using a phone. Nevertheless, younger drivers did not experience more severe lateral/longitudinal threats than older and middle-aged drivers, probably because of faster reaction times. While manipulating the phone (i.e., dialing, texting), drivers exhibited larger lateral safety margins and experienced less severe lateral threats than while conversing on the phone. Finally, longitudinal threats were more critical soon after phone interaction, suggesting that drivers terminate phone interactions when driving becomes more demanding. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that drivers are aware of the potential negative effect of phone use on their safety. This awareness guides their decision to engage/disengage in phone use and to increase safety margins (self-regulation). This compensatory behavior may be a natural countermeasure to distraction that is hard to measure in controlled studies. Practical Applications: Intelligent systems able to amplify this natural compensatory behavior may become a widely accepted/adopted countermeasure to the potential distraction from phone operation while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dozza
- Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Lindholmspiren 3, S-417 56, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Carol A C Flannagan
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James R Sayer
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Af Wåhlberg AE, Barraclough P, Freeman J. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as accident predictor; A methodological re-meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 55:185-212. [PMID: 26683562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is the most commonly used self-report tool in traffic safety research and applied settings. It has been claimed that the violation factor of this instrument predicts accident involvement, which was supported by a previous meta-analysis. However, that analysis did not test for methodological effects, or include unpublished results. METHOD The present study re-analysed studies on prediction of accident involvement from DBQ factors, including lapses, and many unpublished effects. Tests of various types of dissemination bias and common method variance were undertaken. RESULTS Outlier analysis showed that some effects were probably not reliable data, but excluding them did not change the results. For correlations between violations and crashes, tendencies for published effects to be larger than unpublished ones and for effects to decrease over time were observed, but were not significant. Also, using the mean of accidents as proxy for effect indicated that studies where effects for violations are not reported have smaller effect sizes. These differences indicate dissemination bias. Studies using self-reported accidents as dependent variables had much larger effects than those using recorded accident data. Also, zero-order correlations were larger than partial correlations controlled for exposure. Similarly, violations/accidents effects were strong only when there was also a strong correlation between accidents and exposure. Overall, the true effect is probably very close to zero (r<.07) for violations versus traffic accident involvement, depending upon which tendencies are controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Methodological factors and dissemination bias have inflated the published effect sizes of the DBQ. Strong evidence of various artefactual effects is apparent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS A greater level of care should be taken if the DBQ continues to be used in traffic safety research. Also, validation of self-reports should be more comprehensive in the future, taking into account the possibility of common method variance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Barraclough
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Freeman
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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100
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Le Bas GA, Hughes MA, Stout JC. Utility of self-report and performance-based measures of risk for predicting driving behavior in young people. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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