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Cardol triene inhibits dengue infectivity by targeting kl loops and preventing envelope fusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16643. [PMID: 30413789 PMCID: PMC6226472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus causes a global burden that specific chemotherapy has not been established. A previous report suggested that anacardic acid inhibited hepatitis C virus infection. Here, we explored structure activity relationship of anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol homologues with anti-DENV cellular infectivities. Cardol triene showed the highest therapeutic index at 29.07 with the CC50 and EC50 of 207.30 ± 5.24 and 7.13 ± 0.72 µM, respectively. Moreover, we observed that the more unsaturated the hydrocarbon tail, the higher the CC50s in all head groups. High CC50s were also found in HepG-2, THP-1, and HEK-293 cell lines where cardol triene CC50s were 140.27 ± 8.44, 129.77 ± 12.08, and 92.80 ± 3.93 µM, respectively. Cardol triene expressed pan-dengue inhibition with the EC50s of 5.35 to 8.89 µM and kl loops of dengue envelope proteins were major targets. The strong binding energy at T48, E49, A50, P53, K128, V130, L135, M196, L198, Q200, W206, L207, I270, and L277 prevented cellular pH-dependent fusion. Zika virus kl loops were aligned in the closed position preventing cardol triene to bind and inhibit fusion and infectivity. This study showed for the first time that cardol triene had a potential for further development as anti-dengue inhibitors.
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Novel amodiaquine derivatives potently inhibit Ebola virus infection. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:175-182. [PMID: 30395872 PMCID: PMC6374029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe disease caused by highly pathogenic Ebolaviruses. Although it shows a high mortality rate in humans, currently there is no licensed therapeutic. During the recent epidemic in West Africa, it was demonstrated that administration of antimalarial medication containing amodiaquine significantly lowered mortality rate of patients infected with the virus. Here, in order to improve its antiviral activity, a series of amodiaquine derivatives were synthesized and tested for Ebola virus infection. We found that multiple compounds were more potent than amodiaquine. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the two independent parts, which are the alkyl chains extending from the aminomethyl group and a halogen bonded to the quinoline ring, were keys for enhancing antiviral potency without increasing toxicity. When these modifications were combined, the antiviral efficacy could be further improved with the selectivity indexes being over 10-times higher than amodiaquine. Mechanistic evaluation demonstrated that the potent derivatives blocked host cell entry of Ebola virus, like the parental amodiaquine. Taken together, our work identified novel potent amodiaquine derivatives, which will aid in further development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Most drugs with potential for repurposing, have weak activity for the new indication. Each needs development through medicinal chemistry to yield more potent treatments. Amodiaquine has weak anti-filoviral activity. 69 derivatives were made and evaluated for higher potency. A structure-activity relationship showed 2 important features when combined gave 8-fold enhancement and low cytotoxicity. Mechanism of inhibition was identified as blocking uptake of the virus and release from the endosome trafficking pathway.
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53
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Malakar S, Sreelatha L, Dechtawewat T, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Chu JJH, Limjindaporn T. Drug repurposing of quinine as antiviral against dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 255:171-178. [PMID: 30055216 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) disease outbreaks continue to develop across the globe with significant associated mortality and economic burden, yet no treatment has been approved to combat this virus. In an attempt to identify novel drug candidates as therapeutics for DENV infection, we evaluated four US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs including aminolevullic acid, azelaic acid, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, and quinine sulfate, and tested their ability to inhibit DENV replication using focus-forming unit assay to quantify virus production. Of the four investigated compounds, quinine was found to have the most pronounced anti-DENV activity. Quinine inhibited DENV production of DENV by about 80% compared to untreated controls, while the other three drugs decreased virus production by only about 50%. Moreover, quinine inhibited DENV production of all four serotypes of DENV. Reduction in virus production was documented in three different cell lines of human origin. Quinine significantly inhibited DENV replication by reducing DENV RNA and viral protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, quinine ameliorated expression of genes related to innate immune response. These findings suggest the efficacy of quinine for stimulating antiviral genes to reduce DENV replication. The antiviral activity of quinine observed in this study may have applicability in the development of new drug therapies against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Malakar
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liji Sreelatha
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Dechtawewat
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Cancer Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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54
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Watanabe S, Low JGH, Vasudevan SG. Preclinical Antiviral Testing for Dengue Virus Infection in Mouse Models and Its Association with Clinical Studies. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1048-1057. [PMID: 29756760 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is no licensed antiviral drug against dengue virus (DENV) infection. Mouse models of DENV infection have been widely used for preclinical evaluation of antivirals. However, only in a few instances so far have the data obtained from preclinical mouse model testing been associated with data from clinical studies in humans. In this Review, we focus on the antiviral drugs targeting viral replication that have been tested in animals/humans and discuss how preclinical drug evaluation in suitable mouse/animal models may be more fruitfully used to inform early phase clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Jenny Guek-Hong Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
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55
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Kaptein SJF, Vincetti P, Crespan E, Rivera JIA, Costantino G, Maga G, Neyts J, Radi M. Identification of Broad-Spectrum Dengue/Zika Virus Replication Inhibitors by Functionalization of Quinoline and 2,6-Diaminopurine Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1371-1376. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. F. Kaptein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paolo Vincetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jorge I. Armijos Rivera
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
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56
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de la Guardia C, Stephens DE, Dang HT, Quijada M, Larionov OV, Lleonart R. Antiviral Activity of Novel Quinoline Derivatives against Dengue Virus Serotype 2. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030672. [PMID: 29547522 PMCID: PMC5997395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus causes dengue fever, a debilitating disease with an increasing incidence in many tropical and subtropical territories. So far, there are no effective antivirals licensed to treat this virus. Here we describe the synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of two compounds based on the quinoline scaffold, which has shown potential for the development of molecules with various biological activities. Two of the tested compounds showed dose-dependent inhibition of dengue virus serotype 2 in the low and sub micromolar range. The compounds 1 and 2 were also able to impair the accumulation of the viral envelope glycoprotein in infected cells, while showing no sign of direct virucidal activity and acting possibly through a mechanism involving the early stages of the infection. The results are congruent with previously reported data showing the potential of quinoline derivatives as a promising scaffold for the development of new antivirals against this important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de la Guardia
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), PO 0843-01103 City of Panama, Panama.
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - David E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Mario Quijada
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), PO 0843-01103 City of Panama, Panama.
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), PO 0843-01103 City of Panama, Panama.
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57
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Gay M, Carato P, Coevoet M, Renault N, Larchanché PE, Barczyk A, Yous S, Buée L, Sergeant N, Melnyk P. New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2151-2164. [PMID: 29559198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chloroquinoline scaffold is characteristic of anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine (CQ) or amodiaquine (AQ). These drugs are also described for their potential effectiveness against prion disease, HCV, EBV, Ebola virus, cancer, Parkinson or Alzheimer diseases. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism is deregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, CQ modifies amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism by precluding the release of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), which accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer patients to form the so-called amyloid plaques. We showed that AQ and analogs have similar effects although having a higher cytotoxicity. Herein, two new series of compounds were synthesized by replacing 7-chloroquinolin-4-amine moiety of AQ by 2-aminomethylaniline and 2-aminomethylphenyle moieties. Their structure activity relationship was based on their ability to modulate APP metabolism, Aβ release, and their cytotoxicity similarly to CQ. Two compounds 15a, 16a showed interesting and potent effect on the redirection of APP metabolism toward a decrease of Aβ peptide release (in the same range compared to AQ), and a 3-10-fold increased stability of APP carboxy terminal fragments (CTFα and AICD) without obvious cellular toxicity at 100 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Carato
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Coevoet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Barczyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Saïd Yous
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
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58
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Han Y, Mesplède T, Xu H, Quan Y, Wainberg MA. The antimalarial drug amodiaquine possesses anti-ZIKA virus activities. J Med Virol 2018; 90:796-802. [PMID: 29315671 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has emerged as a global health threat, particularly in tropical areas, over the past few years. No antiviral therapy or vaccine is available at present. For these reasons, repurposing clinically approved drugs against ZIKV infection may provide rapid and cost-effective global health benefits. Here, we explored this strategy and screened eight FDA-approved drugs for antiviral activity against ZIKV using a cell-based assay. Our results show that the antimalarial drug amodiaquine has anti-ZIKV activity with EC50 at low micromolar concentrations in cell culture. We further characterized amodiaquine antiviral activity against ZIKV and found that it targets early events of the viral replication cycle. Altogether, our results suggest that amodiaquine may be efficacious for the treatment of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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59
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Dyall J, Gross R, Kindrachuk J, Johnson RF, Olinger GG, Hensley LE, Frieman MB, Jahrling PB. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Current Therapeutic Options and Potential Targets for Novel Therapies. Drugs 2017; 77:1935-1966. [PMID: 29143192 PMCID: PMC5733787 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
No specific antivirals are currently available for two emerging infectious diseases, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A literature search was performed covering pathogenesis, clinical features and therapeutics, clinically developed drugs for repurposing and novel drug targets. This review presents current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of the SARS and MERS coronaviruses. The rationale for and outcomes with treatments used for SARS and MERS is discussed. The main focus of the review is on drug development and the potential that drugs approved for other indications provide for repurposing. The drugs we discuss belong to a wide range of different drug classes, such as cancer therapeutics, antipsychotics, and antimalarials. In addition to their activity against MERS and SARS coronaviruses, many of these approved drugs have broad-spectrum potential and have already been in clinical use for treating other viral infections. A wealth of knowledge is available for these drugs. However, the information in this review is not meant to guide clinical decisions, and any therapeutic described here should only be used in context of a clinical trial. Potential targets for novel antivirals and antibodies are discussed as well as lessons learned from treatment development for other RNA viruses. The article concludes with a discussion of the gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research on emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dyall
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Robin Gross
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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60
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Baba M, Toyama M, Sakakibara N, Okamoto M, Arima N, Saijo M. Establishment of an antiviral assay system and identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother 2017; 25:83-89. [PMID: 29096526 PMCID: PMC5890513 DOI: 10.1177/2040206617740303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease. SFTS is epidemic in Asia, and its fatality rate is around 30% in Japan. The causative virus severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a phlebovirus of the family Phenuiviridae (the order Bunyavirales). Although effective treatments are required, there are no antiviral agents currently approved for clinical use. Ribavirin and favipiravir were examined for their anti-SFTSV activity and found to be selective inhibitors of SFTSV replication in vitro. However, their activity was not sufficient. Therefore, it is mandatory to identify novel compounds active against SFTSV. To this end, we have established a safe and rapid assay system for screening selective inhibitors of SFTSV. Methods The virus was isolated from SFTS patients treated in Kagoshima University Hospital. Vero cells were infected with SFTSV and incubated in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. After three days, the cells were examined for their intracellular viral RNA levels by real-time reverse transcription-PCR without extracting viral RNA. The cytotoxicity of test compounds was determined by a tetrazolium dye method. Results Among the test compounds, the antimalarial agent amodiaquine was identified as a selective inhibitor of SFTSV replication. Its 50% effective concentration (EC50) and cytotoxic concentration (CC50) were 19.1 ± 5.1 and >100 µM, respectively. The EC50 value of amodiaquine was comparable to those of ribavirin and favipiravir. Conclusion Amodiaquine is considered to be a promising lead of novel anti-SFTSV agents, and evaluating the anti-SFTSV activity of its derivatives is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Baba
- 1 Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima, University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyama
- 1 Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima, University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Norikazu Sakakibara
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Mika Okamoto
- 1 Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima, University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- 3 Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima, University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- 4 Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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61
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Halogenated Chrysins Inhibit Dengue and Zika Virus Infectivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13696. [PMID: 29057920 PMCID: PMC5651866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection is a global threat for which no specific treatment has not been established. Previous reports suggested chrysin and flavanone derivatives were potential flaviviral inhibitors. Here, we reported two halogenated chrysins, abbreviated FV13 and FV14, were highly potent against DENV1-4 and ZIKV infectivities with the FV13 EC50 values of 2.30 ± 1.04, 1.47 ± 0.86, 2.32 ± 1.46, 1.78 ± 0.72 and 1.65 ± 0.86 µM; and FV14 EC50 values of 2.30 ± 0.92, 2.19 ± 0.31, 1.02 ± 0.31, 1.29 ± 0.60 and 1.39 ± 0.11 µM, respectively. The CC50s to LLC/MK2 of FV13 and FV14 were 44.28 ± 2.90 μM, 42.51 ± 2.53 µM, respectively. Mechanism of drug action studies suggested multiple targets but maximal efficiency was achieved with early post infection treatment. This is the first report showing a high potency of halogenated chrysins for development as a broad-spectrum anti-flaviviral drug.
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62
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Salentin S, Adasme MF, Heinrich JC, Haupt VJ, Daminelli S, Zhang Y, Schroeder M. From malaria to cancer: Computational drug repositioning of amodiaquine using PLIP interaction patterns. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11401. [PMID: 28900272 PMCID: PMC5595859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning identifies new indications for known drugs. Here we report repositioning of the malaria drug amodiaquine as a potential anti-cancer agent. While most repositioning efforts emerge through serendipity, we have devised a computational approach, which exploits interaction patterns shared between compounds. As a test case, we took the anti-viral drug brivudine (BVDU), which also has anti-cancer activity, and defined ten interaction patterns using our tool PLIP. These patterns characterise BVDU's interaction with its target s. Using PLIP we performed an in silico screen of all structural data currently available and identified the FDA approved malaria drug amodiaquine as a promising repositioning candidate. We validated our prediction by showing that amodiaquine suppresses chemoresistance in a multiple myeloma cancer cell line by inhibiting the chaperone function of the cancer target Hsp27. This work proves that PLIP interaction patterns are viable tools for computational repositioning and can provide search query information from a given drug and its target to identify structurally unrelated candidates, including drugs approved by the FDA, with a known safety and pharmacology profile. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and risks in drug development by predicting novel indications for known drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Salentin
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melissa F Adasme
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg C Heinrich
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Joachim Haupt
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simone Daminelli
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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63
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Zhou T, Tan L, Cederquist GY, Fan Y, Hartley BJ, Mukherjee S, Tomishima M, Brennand KJ, Zhang Q, Schwartz RE, Evans T, Studer L, Chen S. High-Content Screening in hPSC-Neural Progenitors Identifies Drug Candidates that Inhibit Zika Virus Infection in Fetal-like Organoids and Adult Brain. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:274-283.e5. [PMID: 28736217 PMCID: PMC5553280 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infects fetal and adult human brain and is associated with serious neurological complications. To date, no therapeutic treatment is available to treat ZIKV-infected patients. We performed a high-content chemical screen using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and found that hippeastrine hydrobromide (HH) and amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate (AQ) can inhibit ZIKV infection in hNPCs. Further validation showed that HH also rescues ZIKV-induced growth and differentiation defects in hNPCs and human fetal-like forebrain organoids. Finally, HH and AQ inhibit ZIKV infection in adult mouse brain in vivo. Strikingly, HH suppresses viral propagation when administered to adult mice with active ZIKV infection, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Our approach highlights the power of stem cell-based screens and validation in human forebrain organoids and mouse models in identifying drug candidates for treating ZIKV infection and related neurological complications in fetal and adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gustav Y Cederquist
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yujie Fan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brigham J Hartley
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Suranjit Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Tomishima
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Physiology Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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64
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Boldescu V, Behnam MAM, Vasilakis N, Klein CD. Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: dengue, Zika and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:565-586. [PMID: 28473729 PMCID: PMC5925760 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections with flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile virus and the recently re-emerging Zika virus, are an increasing and probably lasting global risk. This Review summarizes and comments on the opportunities for broad-spectrum agents that are active against multiple flaviviruses. Broad-spectrum activity is particularly desirable to prepare for the next flaviviral epidemic, which could emerge from as-yet unknown or neglected viruses. Potential molecular targets for broad-spectrum antiflaviviral compounds include viral proteins, such as the viral protease or polymerase, and host targets that are exploited by these viruses during entry and replication, including α-glucosidase and proteins involved in nucleoside biosynthesis. Numerous compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity have already been identified by target-specific or phenotypic assays. For other compounds, broad-spectrum activity can be anticipated because of their mode of action and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Boldescu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Biopharmaceuticals, Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Academiei 3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mira A. M. Behnam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Dept. of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, 2.138D Keiller Bldg, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555–0609, USA
| | - Christian D. Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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65
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García LL, Padilla L, Castaño JC. Inhibitors compounds of the flavivirus replication process. Virol J 2017; 14:95. [PMID: 28506240 PMCID: PMC5433246 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are small viruses with single-stranded RNA, which include the yellow fever virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus; and are causal agents of the most important emerging diseases that have no available treatment to date. In recent years, the strategy has focused on the development of replication inhibitors of these viruses designed to act mainly by affecting the activity of enzyme proteins, such as NS3 and NS5, which perform important functions in the viral replication process. This article describes the importance of flaviviruses and the development of molecules used as inhibitors of viral replication in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy L García
- Group of Molecular Immunology, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia (Quindío), Colombia.
| | - Leonardo Padilla
- Group of Molecular Immunology, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia (Quindío), Colombia
| | - Jhon C Castaño
- Group of Molecular Immunology, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia (Quindío), Colombia
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66
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Al-Bari MAA. Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00293. [PMID: 28596841 PMCID: PMC5461643 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses such as HIV, dengue, influenza A, SARS coronavirus, Ebola, and other viruses pose a significant threat to human health. Majority of these viruses are responsible for the outbreaks of pathogenic lethal infections. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies available for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. Chloroquine analogs have been used for decades as the primary and most successful drugs against malaria. Concomitant with the emergence of chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium strains and a subsequent decrease in the use as antimalarial drugs, other applications of the analogs have been investigated. Since the analogs have interesting biochemical properties, these drugs are found to be effective against a wide variety of viral infections. As antiviral action, the analogs have been shown to inhibit acidification of endosome during the events of replication and infection. Moreover, immunomodulatory effects of analogs have been beneficial to patients with severe inflammatory complications of several viral diseases. Interestingly, one of the successful targeting strategies is the inhibition of HIV replication by the analogs in vitro which are being tested in several clinical trials. This review focuses on the potentialities of chloroquine analogs for the treatment of endosomal low pH dependent emerging viral diseases.
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67
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Delvecchio R, Higa LM, Pezzuto P, Valadão AL, Garcez PP, Monteiro FL, Loiola EC, Dias AA, Silva FJM, Aliota MT, Caine EA, Osorio JE, Bellio M, O'Connor DH, Rehen S, de Aguiar RS, Savarino A, Campanati L, Tanuri A. Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models. Viruses 2016; 8:v8120322. [PMID: 27916837 PMCID: PMC5192383 DOI: 10.3390/v8120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in utero might lead to microcephaly and other congenital defects. Since no specific therapy is available thus far, there is an urgent need for the discovery of agents capable of inhibiting its viral replication and deleterious effects. Chloroquine is widely used as an antimalarial drug, anti-inflammatory agent, and it also shows antiviral activity against several viruses. Here we show that chloroquine exhibits antiviral activity against ZIKV in Vero cells, human brain microvascular endothelial cells, human neural stem cells, and mouse neurospheres. We demonstrate that chloroquine reduces the number of ZIKV-infected cells in vitro, and inhibits virus production and cell death promoted by ZIKV infection without cytotoxic effects. In addition, chloroquine treatment partially reveres morphological changes induced by ZIKV infection in mouse neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Delvecchio
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luiza M Higa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Paula Pezzuto
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Valadão
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia P Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.
| | - Fábio L Monteiro
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Erick C Loiola
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.
| | - André A Dias
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fábio J M Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Matthew T Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Caine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Maria Bellio
- Department of Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Stevens Rehen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.
| | - Renato Santana de Aguiar
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Savarino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Deptartment of Infectious Diseases, 299 Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loraine Campanati
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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68
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Balasubramanian A, Teramoto T, Kulkarni AA, Bhattacharjee AK, Padmanabhan R. Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:141-150. [PMID: 27889529 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, twelve antimalarial compounds, amodiaquine (AQ) and derivatives, were shown to have potent anti-dengue viral (DENV) activity by using the stable DENV2 Renilla luciferase reporter replicon expressing BHK-21 cells, infectivity (plaque), and the qRT-PCR assays. In this study, we performed molecular modeling on these compounds to determine their stereo-electronic properties required for optimal antiviral activity. Based on the similarity of calculated stereo-electronic profiles, specifically the electrostatic potential profiles of the compounds, and in silico screening of related compounds from literature, we identified three additional compounds, Quinacrine (QC), Mefloquine (MQ), and GSK369796. Analysis of their antiviral activities indicated that all three compounds have high anti-DENV activity in the DENV2 replicon expressing cells with EC50 values of 5.30 ± 1.31 μM (QC), 3.22 ± 0.37 μM (MQ), and 5.06 ± 0.86 μM (GSK369796). The infectivity assays revealed the EC50 values of 7.09 ± 1.67 μM (QC), 4.36 ± 0.31 μM (MQ) and 3.03 ± 0.35 μM (GSK369796). The mode of action of these compounds is through inhibition of autophagy, thereby affecting DENV2 replication. Moreover, these compounds also showed antiviral activity against the rapidly emerging Zika virus (ZIKV) with EC50 values of 2.27 ± 0.14 μM (QC), 3.95 ± 0.21 μM (MQ), and 2.57 ± 0.09 μM (GSK369796).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Apurba K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
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69
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Sahoo M, Jena L, Daf S, Kumar S. Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors of NS3 Protein of Zika Virus. Genomics Inform 2016; 14:104-111. [PMID: 27729840 PMCID: PMC5056895 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2016.14.3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito borne pathogen, belongs to Flaviviridae family having a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, currently known for causing large epidemics in Brazil. Its infection can cause microcephaly, a serious birth defect during pregnancy. The recent outbreak of ZIKV in February 2016 in Brazil realized it as a major health risk, demands an enhanced surveillance and a need to develop novel drugs against ZIKV. Amodiaquine, prochlorperazine, quinacrine, and berberine are few promising drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration against dengue virus which also belong to Flaviviridae family. In this study, we performed molecular docking analysis of these drugs against nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein of ZIKV. The protease activity of NS3 is necessary for viral replication and its prohibition could be considered as a strategy for treatment of ZIKV infection. Amongst these four drugs, berberine has shown highest binding affinity of –5.8 kcal/mol and it is binding around the active site region of the receptor. Based on the properties of berberine, more similar compounds were retrieved from ZINC database and a structure-based virtual screening was carried out by AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8. Best 10 novel drug-like compounds were identified and amongst them ZINC53047591 (2-(benzylsulfanyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1'-cyclopentan]-4(6H)-one) was found to interact with NS3 protein with binding energy of –7.1 kcal/mol and formed H-bonds with Ser135 and Asn152 amino acid residues. Observations made in this study may extend an assuring platform for developing anti-viral competitive inhibitors against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswata Sahoo
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Lingaraja Jena
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Sangeeta Daf
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Nagpur 440-022, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
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Han YS, Penthala NR, Oliveira M, Mesplède T, Xu H, Quan Y, Crooks PA, Wainberg MA. Identification of resveratrol analogs as potent anti-dengue agents using a cell-based assay. J Med Virol 2016; 89:397-407. [PMID: 27509184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a variety of difficult-to-treat diseases that threaten almost half of the world's population. Currently, no effective vaccine or antiviral therapy is available. We have examined a series of synthetic resveratrol analogs to identify potential anti-DENV agents. Here, we demonstrate that two resveratrol analogs, PNR-4-44 and PNR-5-02, possess potent anti-DENV activity with EC50 values in the low nanomolar range. These two resveratrol analogs were shown to mainly target viral RNA translation and viral replication, but PNR-5-02 is also likely to target cellular factors inside host cells. Although the precise molecular mechanism(s) mediating anti-DENV activities have not been elucidated, further structure-guided design might lead to the development of newer improved resveratrol derivatives that might have therapeutic value. J. Med. Virol. 89:397-407, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Narsimha Reddy Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Maureen Oliveira
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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71
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Boonyasuppayakorn S, Suroengrit A, Srivarangkul P, Yuttithamnon W, Pankaew S, Saelee T, Prompetchara E, Salakij S, Bhattarakosol P. Simplified dengue virus microwell plaque assay using an automated quantification program. J Virol Methods 2016; 237:25-31. [PMID: 27542530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The plaque assay is essential for virion quantitation but the classic protocol requires considerable efforts. A simplified dengue 96-well plaque assay with automated quantitation program is an alternative to access the level of infectious virus. Dengue plaque assay was simplified using LLC/MK2 cells and virus mixing simultaneously before semisolid addition. Results were obtained using a flatbed scanner and analysis by the self-written program optimized to manual reads. The newly developed microwell system was accurate to the standard assay because 19 independent titrations from all subtypes obtained from both systems differed less than a log10 p.f.u./ml with no significance (p>0.05) with good correlation (R2=0.9058). Coefficient of variations within and between assays, indicating assay reliability and repeatability, were 19.29%, and 12.50%, respectively. This method serves various experimental designs in drug discovery that requires viral titers assessment. Effective concentrations (EC90) results showed no significant difference between 24- and 96-well assays (p>0.05). Compound screening for potential antivirals and clinical isolate titrations were successfully arranged. The method contains distinguished features including protocol simplicity, less reagent consumption in microwell format, convenient and affordable data acquisition and analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Aphinya Suroengrit
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pimsiri Srivarangkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanchalerm Yuttithamnon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Pankaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakachai Prompetchara
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Salakij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Balasubramanian A, Manzano M, Teramoto T, Pilankatta R, Padmanabhan R. High-throughput screening for the identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the flaviviral protease. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:6-16. [PMID: 27539384 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito-borne dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV1-4) and West Nile virus (WNV) cause serious illnesses worldwide associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there are about 390 million infections every year leading to ∼500,000 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases and ∼25,000 deaths, mostly among children. Antiviral therapies could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with flaviviral infections, but currently there are no drugs available for treatment. In this study, a high-throughput screening assay for the Dengue protease was employed to screen ∼120,000 small molecule compounds for identification of inhibitors. Eight of these inhibitors have been extensively analyzed for inhibition of the viral protease in vitro and cell-based viral replication using Renilla luciferase reporter replicon, infectivity (plaque) and cytotoxicity assays. Three of these compounds were identified as potent inhibitors of DENV and WNV proteases, and viral replication of DENV2 replicon and infectious RNA. Fluorescence quenching, kinetic analysis and molecular modeling of these inhibitors into the structure of NS2B-NS3 protease suggest a mode of inhibition for three compounds that they bind to the substrate binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Manzano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Wong SSY, Poon RWS, Wong SCY. Zika virus infection-the next wave after dengue? J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:226-42. [PMID: 26965962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus was initially discovered in east Africa about 70 years ago and remained a neglected arboviral disease in Africa and Southeast Asia. The virus first came into the limelight in 2007 when it caused an outbreak in Micronesia. In the ensuing decade, it spread widely in other Pacific islands, after which its incursion into Brazil in 2015 led to a widespread epidemic in Latin America. In most infected patients the disease is relatively benign. Serious complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital infection which may lead to microcephaly and maculopathy. Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors, in particular, Ae. aegypti. Ae. albopictus is another potential vector. Since the competent mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in most tropical and subtropical countries, introduction of the virus to these areas could readily result in endemic transmission of the disease. The priorities of control include reinforcing education of travellers to and residents of endemic areas, preventing further local transmission by vectors, and an integrated vector management programme. The container habitats of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus means engagement of the community and citizens is of utmost importance to the success of vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sai-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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74
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Ekins S, Mietchen D, Coffee M, Stratton TP, Freundlich JS, Freitas-Junior L, Muratov E, Siqueira-Neto J, Williams AJ, Andrade C. Open drug discovery for the Zika virus. F1000Res 2016; 5:150. [PMID: 27134728 PMCID: PMC4841202 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas has caused global concern that we may be on the brink of a healthcare crisis. The lack of research on ZIKV in the over 60 years that we have known about it has left us with little in the way of starting points for drug discovery. Our response can build on previous efforts with virus outbreaks and lean heavily on work done on other flaviviruses such as dengue virus. We provide some suggestions of what might be possible and propose an open drug discovery effort that mobilizes global science efforts and provides leadership, which thus far has been lacking. We also provide a listing of potential resources and molecules that could be prioritized for testing as
in vitro assays for ZIKV are developed. We propose also that in order to incentivize drug discovery, a neglected disease priority review voucher should be available to those who successfully develop an FDA approved treatment. Learning from the response to the ZIKV, the approaches to drug discovery used and the success and failures will be critical for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry Inc, Fuquay-Varina, NC, USA; Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., Fuquay-Varina, NC, USA; Collaborative Drug Discovery Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | - Megan Coffee
- The International Rescue Committee , NY, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucio Freitas-Junior
- Chemical Biology and Screening Platform, Brazilian Laboratory of Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jair Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Carolina Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
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75
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Abstract
The dengue virus and related flaviviruses are an increasing global health threat. In this perspective, we comment on and review medicinal chemistry efforts aimed at the prevention or treatment of dengue infections. We include target-based approaches aimed at viral or host factors and results from phenotypic screenings in cellular assay systems for viral replication. This perspective is limited to the discussion of results that provide explicit chemistry or structure-activity relationship (SAR), or appear to be of particular interest to the medicinal chemist for other reasons. The discovery and development efforts discussed here may at least partially be extrapolated toward other emerging flaviviral infections, such as West Nile virus. Therefore, this perspective, although not aimed at flaviviruses in general, should also be able to provide an overview of the medicinal chemistry of these closely related infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira A M Behnam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veaceslav Boldescu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova , Academiei 3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Christian D Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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76
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He S, Lin B, Chu V, Hu Z, Hu X, Xiao J, Wang AQ, Schweitzer CJ, Li Q, Imamura M, Hiraga N, Southall N, Ferrer M, Zheng W, Chayama K, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ. Repurposing of the antihistamine chlorcyclizine and related compounds for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:282ra49. [PMID: 25855495 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects an estimated 185 million people worldwide, with chronic infection often leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HCV is curable, there is an unmet need for the development of effective and affordable treatment options. Through a cell-based high-throughput screen, we identified chlorcyclizine HCl (CCZ), an over-the-counter drug for allergy symptoms, as a potent inhibitor of HCV infection. CCZ inhibited HCV infection in human hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. The mode of action of CCZ is mediated by inhibiting an early stage of HCV infection, probably targeting viral entry into host cells. The in vitro antiviral effect of CCZ was synergistic with other anti-HCV drugs, including ribavirin, interferon-α, telaprevir, boceprevir, sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and cyclosporin A, without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting its potential in combination therapy of hepatitis C. In the mouse pharmacokinetic model, CCZ showed preferential liver distribution. In chimeric mice engrafted with primary human hepatocytes, CCZ significantly inhibited infection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a, without evidence of emergence of drug resistance, during 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, respectively. With its established clinical safety profile as an allergy medication, affordability, and a simple chemical structure for optimization, CCZ represents a promising candidate for drug repurposing and further development as an effective and accessible agent for treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Billy Lin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Virginia Chu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cameron J Schweitzer
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qisheng Li
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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77
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Live Cell Reporter Systems for Positive-Sense Single Strand RNA Viruses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1567-85. [PMID: 26728654 PMCID: PMC7091396 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based reporter systems have facilitated studies of viral replication and pathogenesis, virus detection, and drug susceptibility testing. There are three types of cell-based reporter systems that express certain reporter protein for positive-sense single strand RNA virus infections. The first type is classical reporter system, which relies on recombinant virus, reporter virus particle, or subgenomic replicon. During infection with the recombinant virus or reporter virus particle, the reporter protein is expressed and can be detected in real time in a dose-dependent manner. Using subgenomic replicon, which are genetically engineered viral RNA molecules that are capable of replication but incapable of producing virions, the translation and replication of the replicon could be tracked by the accumulation of reporter protein. The second type of reporter system involves genetically engineered cells bearing virus-specific protease cleavage sequences, which can sense the incoming viral protease. The third type is based on viral replicase, which can report the specific virus infection via detection of the incoming viral replicase. This review specifically focuses on the major technical breakthroughs in the design of cell-based reporter systems and the application of these systems to the further understanding and control of viruses over the past few decades.
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78
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Ni X, Li X, Cheng JP. Equilibrium acidities of cinchona alkaloid organocatalysts bearing 6′-hydrogen bonding donors in DMSO. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pKa values of 18 cinchona alkaloid based organocatalysts bearing 6′-hydrogen bonding donors were determined by the overlapping indicator method in DMSO via UV spectrophotometric titrations. The pKa values are in the range of 6.76–20.24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science
- Department of Chemistry
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79
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Policresulen, a novel NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitor, effectively inhibits the replication of DENV2 virus in BHK-21 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1126-36. [PMID: 26279156 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dengue is a severe epidemic disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection, for which no effective treatment is available. The protease complex, consisting of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) and its cofactor NS2B, plays a pivotal role in the replication of DENV, thus may be a potential target for anti-DENV drugs. Here, we report a novel inhibitor of DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease and its antiviral action. METHODS An enzymatic inhibition assay was used for screening DENV2 NS2B/NS3 inhibitors. Cytotoxicity to BHK-21 cells was assessed with MTT assay. Antiviral activity was evaluated in BHK-21 cells transfected with Rlu-DENV-Rep. The molecular mechanisms of the antiviral action was analyzed using surface plasmon resonance, ultraviolet-visible spectral analysis and differential scanning calorimetry assays, as well as molecular docking analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis. RESULTS In our in-house library of old drugs (~1000 compounds), a topical hemostatic and antiseptic 2-hydroxy-3,5-bis[(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-sulfophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonic acid (policresulen) was found to be a potent inhibitor of DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease with IC50 of 0.48 μg/mL. Furthermore, policresulen inhibited DENV2 replication in BHK-21 cells with IC50 of 4.99 μg/mL, whereas its IC50 for cytotoxicity to BHK-21 cells was 459.45 μg/mL. Policresulen acted as a competitive inhibitor of the protease, and slightly affected the protease stability. Using biophysical technology-based assays and molecular docking analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrated that the residues Gln106 and Arg133 of DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease directly interacted with policresulen via hydrogen bonding. CONCLUSION Policresulen is a potent inhibitor of DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease that inhibits DENV2 replication in BHK-21 cells. The binding mode of the protease and policresulen provides useful hints for designing new type of inhibitors against the protease.
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80
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Abstract
In the search for treatments for the Ebola Virus, multiple screens of FDA drugs have led to the identification of several with promising in vitro activity. These compounds were not originally developed as antivirals and some have been further tested in mouse in vivo models. We put forward the opinion that some of these drugs could be evaluated further and move into the clinic as they are already FDA approved and in many cases readily available. This may be important if there is a further outbreak in future and no other therapeutic is available.
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81
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Abstract
In the search for treatments for the Ebola Virus, multiple screens of FDA drugs have led to the identification of several with promising
in vitro activity. These compounds were not originally developed as antivirals and some have been further tested in mouse
in vivo models. We put forward the opinion that some of these drugs could be evaluated further and move into the clinic as they are already FDA approved and in many cases readily available. This may be important if there is a further outbreak in future and no other therapeutic is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, 5616 Hilltop Needmore Road, Fuquay-Varina, NC, 27526, USA
| | - Megan Coffee
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Emergency Readiness, University of California at Berkeley, 1918 University Ave, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
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82
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Ekins S, Freundlich JS, Coffee M. A common feature pharmacophore for FDA-approved drugs inhibiting the Ebola virus. F1000Res 2014; 3:277. [PMID: 25653841 PMCID: PMC4304229 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5741.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently faced with a global infectious disease crisis which has been anticipated for decades. While many promising biotherapeutics are being tested, the search for a small molecule has yet to deliver an approved drug or therapeutic for the Ebola or similar filoviruses that cause haemorrhagic fever. Two recent high throughput screens published in 2013 did however identify several hits that progressed to animal studies that are FDA approved drugs used for other indications. The current computational analysis uses these molecules from two different structural classes to construct a common features pharmacophore. This ligand-based pharmacophore implicates a possible common target or mechanism that could be further explored. A recent structure based design project yielded nine co-crystal structures of pyrrolidinone inhibitors bound to the viral protein 35 (VP35). When receptor-ligand pharmacophores based on the analogs of these molecules and the protein structures were constructed, the molecular features partially overlapped with the common features of solely ligand-based pharmacophore models based on FDA approved drugs. These previously identified FDA approved drugs with activity against Ebola were therefore docked into this protein. The antimalarials chloroquine and amodiaquine docked favorably in VP35. We propose that these drugs identified to date as inhibitors of the Ebola virus may be targeting VP35. These computational models may provide preliminary insights into the molecular features that are responsible for their activity against Ebola virus
in vitro and
in vivo and we propose that this hypothesis could be readily tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, Fuquay-Varina, NC, 27526, USA ; Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Megan Coffee
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Emerging Readiness, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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83
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Ekins S, Freundlich JS, Coffee M. A common feature pharmacophore for FDA-approved drugs inhibiting the Ebola virus. F1000Res 2014; 3:277. [PMID: 25653841 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5741.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently faced with a global infectious disease crisis which has been anticipated for decades. While many promising biotherapeutics are being tested, the search for a small molecule has yet to deliver an approved drug or therapeutic for the Ebola or similar filoviruses that cause haemorrhagic fever. Two recent high throughput screens published in 2013 did however identify several hits that progressed to animal studies that are FDA approved drugs used for other indications. The current computational analysis uses these molecules from two different structural classes to construct a common features pharmacophore. This ligand-based pharmacophore implicates a possible common target or mechanism that could be further explored. A recent structure based design project yielded nine co-crystal structures of pyrrolidinone inhibitors bound to the viral protein 35 (VP35). When receptor-ligand pharmacophores based on the analogs of these molecules and the protein structures were constructed, the molecular features partially overlapped with the common features of solely ligand-based pharmacophore models based on FDA approved drugs. These previously identified FDA approved drugs with activity against Ebola were therefore docked into this protein. The antimalarials chloroquine and amodiaquine docked favorably in VP35. We propose that these drugs identified to date as inhibitors of the Ebola virus may be targeting VP35. These computational models may provide preliminary insights into the molecular features that are responsible for their activity against Ebola virus in vitro and in vivo and we propose that this hypothesis could be readily tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, Fuquay-Varina, NC, 27526, USA ; Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Megan Coffee
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Emerging Readiness, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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