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Marques A, Guilherme S, Gaivão I, Santos MA, Pacheco M. Progression of DNA damage induced by a glyphosate-based herbicide in fish (Anguilla anguilla) upon exposure and post-exposure periods--insights into the mechanisms of genotoxicity and DNA repair. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:126-33. [PMID: 25110831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide widely used with both agricultural and non-agricultural purposes, which has been demonstrated to represent a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, namely fish. Among the described effects to fish, genotoxicity has been pointed out as one of the most hazardous. However, the genotoxic mechanisms of Roundup® as well as the involvement of the oxidative DNA damage repair system are not entirely understood. Hence, this work aimed to improve the knowledge on the progression of DNA damage upon short-term exposure (3 days) and post-exposure (1-14 days) periods in association with DNA repair processes in Anguilla anguilla exposed to Roundup® (58 and 116 μg L⁻¹). DNA damage in hepatic cells was evaluated by the comet assay improved with the DNA-lesion specific endonucleases FPG and EndoIII. In order to evaluate the oxidative DNA damage repair ability, an in vitro base excision repair (BER) assay was performed, testing hepatic subcellular extracts. Besides the confirmation of the genotoxic potential of this herbicide, oxidative damage was implicit as an important mechanism of genetic damage, which showed to be transient, since DNA integrity returned to the control levels on the first day after cessation of exposure. An increased capacity to repair oxidative DNA damage emerging in the post-exposure period revealed to be a crucial pathway for the A. anguilla recovery; nevertheless, DNA repair machinery showed to be susceptible to inhibitory actions during the exposure period, disclosing another facet of the risk associated with the tested agrochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marques
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- CECAV and Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Lopes FM, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, da Silva AC, Guazzelli VG, Tavares G, da Rosa CE. Effect of glyphosate on the sperm quality of zebrafish Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:322-6. [PMID: 25089920 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, non-selective herbicide widely used in agriculture worldwide. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase by interrupting the synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids. This pathway is not present in animals, although some studies have shown that the herbicide glyphosate can affect fish reproduction. In this study, the effect of glyphosate on sperm quality of the fish Danio rerio was investigated after 24 and 96 h of exposure at concentrations of 5mg/L and 10mg/L. The spermatic cell concentration, sperm motility and motility period were measured employing conventional microscopy. The mitochondrial functionality, membrane integrity and DNA integrity were measured by fluorescence microscopy using specific probes. No significant differences in sperm concentration were observed; however, sperm motility and the motility period were reduced after exposure to both glyphosate concentrations during both exposure periods. The mitochondrial functionality and membrane and DNA integrity were also reduced at the highest concentration during both exposure periods. The results showed that glyphosate can induce harmful effects on reproductive parameters in D. rerio and that this change would reduce the fertility rate of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Moreira Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Cardoso da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vitória Gasperin Guazzelli
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Georgia Tavares
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Brazil.
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Machado AADS, Hoff MLM, Klein RD, Cordeiro GJ, Lencina Avila JM, Costa PG, Bianchini A. Oxidative stress and DNA damage responses to phenanthrene exposure in the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 98:96-105. [PMID: 24722053 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite ubiquitous phenanthrene contamination in aquatic coastal areas, little is known regarding its potential effects on estuarine fishes. The present work evaluated the response of a large suite of oxidative stress- and DNA damage-related biomarkers to phenanthrene exposure (10, 20 and 200 μg L(-1), 96 h) using DMSO as the solvent in estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara (salinity 24 psu). Phenanthrene affected oxidative stress-related parameters, and decreased antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species in the gills and muscle overall. Lipid peroxidation occurred in muscle at 200 μg L(-1) phenanthrene. Genotoxicity was increased at 20 μg L(-1), while 200 μg L(-1) caused a relative decrease in erythrocyte release into the bloodstream. These findings indicated that phenanthrene is genotoxic and can induce oxidative stress, depending on tissue and phenanthrene concentration analyzed. Thus, some of the biomarkers analyzed in the present study are sufficiently sensitive to monitor the exposure of the guppy P. vivipara to phenanthrene in salt water. However, further studies are required for a better interpretation of the dose-response patterns observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Abel de Souza Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Leivas Müller Hoff
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Daniele Klein
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gilson Junior Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Jannine Marquez Lencina Avila
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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