51
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Ruan L, Bai J, Ji X, Zhao W, Dong X. A series of meso amide BODIPY based lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe with high photostability and sensitivity. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1205:339771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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52
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Rai M, Curley M, Coleman Z, Demontis F. Contribution of proteases to the hallmarks of aging and to age-related neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13603. [PMID: 35349763 PMCID: PMC9124314 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control ensures the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins. Derangement of proteostasis is a primary cause of aging and age-associated diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome play key roles in proteostasis but, in addition to these systems, the human genome encodes for ~600 proteases, also known as peptidases. Here, we examine the role of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Proteases are present across cell compartments, including the extracellular space, and their substrates encompass cellular constituents, proteins with signaling functions, and misfolded proteins. Proteolytic processing by proteases can lead to changes in the activity and localization of substrates or to their degradation. Proteases cooperate with the autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems but also have independent proteolytic roles that impact all hallmarks of cellular aging. Specifically, proteases regulate mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, cellular senescence, nutrient sensing, stem cell properties and regeneration, protein quality control and stress responses, and intercellular signaling. The capacity of proteases to regulate cellular functions translates into important roles in preserving tissue homeostasis during aging. Consequently, proteases influence the onset and progression of age-related pathologies and are important determinants of health span. Specifically, we examine how certain proteases promote the progression of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and/or Parkinson's disease whereas other proteases protect from neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, cleavage by proteases can lead to the degradation of a pathogenic protein and hence impede disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, proteases can generate substrate byproducts with increased toxicity, which promote disease progression. Altogether, these studies indicate the importance of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Michelle Curley
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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He X, Xie J, Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Yin H, Qiu Z, Yang Z, Chen J, Ji Z, Yu W, Chen M, Xu W, Gao H. Acid-Responsive Dual-Targeted Nanoparticles Encapsulated Aspirin Rescue the Immune Activation and Phenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104286. [PMID: 35285177 PMCID: PMC9108608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most difficult challenges in neurodevelopmental diseases, because of the unclear pathogenesis research and low brain-lesion targeting efficiency. Besides, maternal immune activation has been reported as the most mature and widely used model of ASD and aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator being involved in the resolution of neuroinflammation in ASD. Therefore, an aspirin encapsulated cascade drug delivery system (Asp@TMNPs) is established, which can successively target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microglial cells and response to the acid microenvironment in lysosome. As a result, the mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation of microglial cells are prominently alleviated. After the treatment of Asp@TMNPs, the social interaction, stereotype behavior, and anxious condition of ASD mice are notably improved and the activation of microglial cells is inhibited. Overall, this system successively penetrates the BBB and targets microglial cells, therefore, it significantly enhances the intracephalic drug accumulation and improves anti-neuroinflammatory efficacy of aspirin, providing a promising strategy for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xufeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Heng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Zhongqing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of pediatricsChengdu Third People's HospitalChengdu610041China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Zhiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Wenqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau999078China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery of MOE, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University HospitalWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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Moskalev A, Guvatova Z, Lopes IDA, Beckett CW, Kennedy BK, De Magalhaes JP, Makarov AA. Targeting aging mechanisms: pharmacological perspectives. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:266-280. [PMID: 35183431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Geroprotectors slow down aging and promote healthy longevity in model animals. Although hundreds of compounds have been shown to extend the life of laboratory model organisms, clinical studies on potential geroprotectors are exceedingly rare, especially in healthy elders. This review aims to classify potential geroprotectors based on the mechanisms by which they influence aging. These pharmacological interventions can be classified into the following groups: those that prevent oxidation; proteostasis regulators; suppressors of genomic instability; epigenetic drugs; those that preserve mitochondrial function; inhibitors of aging-associated signaling pathways; hormetins; senolytics/senostatics; anti-inflammatory drugs; antifibrotic agents; neurotrophic factors; factors preventing the impairment of barrier function; immunomodulators; and prebiotics, metabiotics, and enterosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Biology of the Federal Research Center of Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya Street, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Zulfiya Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ines De Almeida Lopes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Charles W Beckett
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Joao Pedro De Magalhaes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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55
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Zhang H, Shi L, Li K, Liu X, Won M, Liu Y, Choe Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen S, Yu K, Kim JS, Yu X. Discovery of an Ultra‐rapid and Sensitive Lysosomal Fluorescence Lipophagy Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Yan‐Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Youmi Choe
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Xin‐Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Shan‐Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Kang‐Kang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Xiao‐Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 61064 P. R. China
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56
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Won JH, Youn J, Park H. Enhanced neuroimaging genetics using multi-view non-negative matrix factorization with sparsity and prior knowledge. Med Image Anal 2022; 77:102378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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57
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Kim JS, Zhang H, Li K, Shi L, Liu X, Won M, Liu YZ, Choe Y, Liu XY, Liu YH, Chen SY, Yu KK, Yu XQ. Discovery of an Ultra-rapid and Sensitive Lysosomal Fluorescence Lipophagy Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116439. [PMID: 34964238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive dynamic tracking of lysosomes and their interactions with other organelles is important for the study of lysosomal function and related diseases. However, many fluorescent dyes developed so far to target lysosomes cannot be used to monitor these processes due to the high concentrations required for imaging, long cell penetration times, and non-ideal photostability. In this regard, we synthesized three lysosomal targeting probes with large Stokes shifts, good stability, and high brightness. The Q-P-ARh , developed by us for the first time, can stain lysosomes at ultra-low concentrations (1.0 nM) without affecting the physiological functions of the lysosomes. More importantly, its excellent anti-interference ability and ultrafast lysosomal staining ability (within 1.0 min) clearly monitored the entire dynamic process of lipophagy. Ultimately, this method can greatly contribute to the study of autophagy pathways. This novel fluorescence platform shows great promise for the development of biological probes for application in pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seung Kim
- Korea University, Department of Chemistry, Anamdong, 02841, Seoul, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hong Zhang
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Kun Li
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Lei Shi
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xin Liu
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Miae Won
- Korea University, Department of Chemistry, 337, Asan Science Build. 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Seoul, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Youmi Choe
- Korea University - Seoul Campus: Korea University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xin-Yao Liu
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Sichuan University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
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58
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Hello from the other side: Membrane contact of lipid droplets with other organelles and subsequent functional implications. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101141. [PMID: 34793861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play crucial roles in response to physiological and environmental cues. The identification of several neutral lipid synthesizing and regulatory protein complexes have propelled significant advance on the mechanisms of LD biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increasing evidence suggests that distinct proteins and regulatory factors, which localize to membrane contact sites (MCS), are involved not only in interorganellar lipid exchange and transport, but also function in other important cellular processes, including autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and inheritance, ion signaling and inter-regulation of these MCS. More and more tethers and molecular determinants are associated to MCS and to a diversity of cellular and pathophysiological processes, demonstrating the dynamics and importance of these junctions in health and disease. The conjugation of lipids with proteins in supramolecular complexes is known to be paramount for many biological processes, namely membrane biosynthesis, cell homeostasis, regulation of organelle division and biogenesis, and cell growth. Ultimately, this physical organization allows the contact sites to function as crucial metabolic hubs that control the occurrence of chemical reactions. This leads to biochemical and metabolite compartmentalization for the purposes of energetic efficiency and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the structural and functional aspects of LD-organelle interactions and how they ensure signaling exchange and metabolites transfer between organelles.
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59
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Kallergi E, Nikoletopoulou V. Macroautophagy and normal aging of the nervous system: Lessons from animal models. Cell Stress 2021; 5:146-166. [PMID: 34708187 PMCID: PMC8490955 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging represents a cumulative form of cellular stress, which is thought to challenge many aspects of proteostasis. The non-dividing, long-lived neurons are particularly vulnerable to stress, and, not surprisingly, even normal aging is highly associated with a decline in brain function in humans, as well as in other animals. Macroautophagy is a fundamental arm of the proteostasis network, safeguarding proper protein turnover during different cellular states and against diverse cellular stressors. An intricate interplay between macroautophagy and aging is beginning to unravel, with the emergence of new tools, including those for monitoring autophagy in cultured neurons and in the nervous system of different organisms in vivo. Here, we review recent findings on the impact of aging on neuronal integrity and on neuronal macroautophagy, as they emerge from studies in invertebrate and mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Kallergi
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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60
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Cellular senescence-an aging hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Respir Investig 2021; 60:33-44. [PMID: 34649812 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),1 a representative aging-related pulmonary disorder, is mainly caused by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Age is one of the most important risk factors for COPD development, and increased cellular senescence in tissues and organs is a component of aging. CS exposure can induce cellular senescence, as characterized by irreversible growth arrest and aberrant cytokine secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype; thus, accumulation of senescent cells is widely implicated in COPD pathogenesis. CS-induced oxidative modifications to cellular components may be causally linked to accelerated cellular senescence, especially during accumulation of damaged macromolecules. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism whereby cytoplasmic components are sent for lysosomal degradation to maintain proteostasis. Autophagy diminishes with age, and loss of proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of aging. We have reported the involvement of insufficient autophagy in regulating CS-induced cellular senescence with respect to COPD pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in COPD pathogenesis can vary based on levels of cell stress and type of selective autophagy because excessive activation of autophagy can be responsible for inducing regulated cell death. Senotherapies targeting cellular senescence may be effective COPD treatments. Autophagy activation could be a promising sonotherapeutic approach, but the optimal modality of autophagy activation should be examined in future studies.
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61
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Bagheri Y, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Fathi E, Mahmoudi J, Abdollahpour A, Namini NJ, Malekinejad Z, Mokhtari K, Barati A, Montazersaheb S. Hepatoprotective effects of sericin on aging-induced liver damage in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2441-2450. [PMID: 34605941 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process in which there is a progressive decline of function in multiple organs such as the liver. The development of natural therapies, such as sericin, for delaying age-associated diseases is of major interest in this regard. Twenty-seven mice were divided into three groups of nine, including young control group (8 weeks, received normal saline), aged control group (24 months, received normal saline), and sericin-treated aged mice (24 months, received sericin at dose 100 mg/kg/day) via oral administration for 14 days. The liver enzymes in serum and oxidative stress markers in liver tissue were evaluated using spectrophotometric/ELISA methods. Apoptotic proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX2, JNK, and P-38 levels were assessed by western blot analysis. β-galactosidase expression was determined by a qRT-PCR method. The findings showed that 100 mg/kg of sericin reduced liver enzymes in aged mice. Antioxidant capacity in treated aged mice showed an improvement in all indexes in the liver tissue. Also, sericin administration declined pro-inflammatory markers to varying degrees in aged-treated mice. Sericin also increased the expression level of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3.In addition, treatment with sericin suppressed protein expression of p-JNK and p-JNK/JNK. Collectively, these findings would infer that sericin administration may have a hepatoprotective effect in aging-induced liver damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Bagheri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Abdollahpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Jalili Namini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Malekinejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Mokhtari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Barati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hosaka Y, Araya J, Fujita Y, Kuwano K. Role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the pathophysiology including pulmonary disorders. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:29. [PMID: 34593046 PMCID: PMC8485456 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of delivering cytoplasmic components for lysosomal degradation. Among the three major autophagic pathways, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is primarily characterized by its selective nature of protein degradation, which is mediated by heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70: also known as HSPA8) recognition of the KFERQ peptide motif in target proteins. Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) is responsible for substrate binding and internalization to lysosomes, and thus, the lysosomal expression level of LAMP2A is a rate-limiting factor for CMA. Recent advances have uncovered not only physiological but also pathological role of CMA in multiple organs, including neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, liver diseases, heart diseases, and cancers through the accumulation of unwanted proteins or increased degradation of target proteins with concomitant metabolic alterations resulting from CMA malfunction. With respect to pulmonary disorders, the involvement of CMA has been demonstrated in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis through regulating apoptosis. Further understanding of CMA machinery may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of refractory disorders and lead to novel treatment modalities through CMA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Keller MA, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Fatal attraction - The role of hypoxia when alpha-synuclein gets intimate with mitochondria. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:128-141. [PMID: 34428721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction are main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleinopathies. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may not be sufficient to cause PD. Here we propose the role of hypoxia as a missing link that connects the complex interplay between alpha-synuclein biochemistry and pathology, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD. We review the partly conflicting literature on alpha-synuclein binding to membranes and mitochondria and its impact on mitochondrial functions. From there, we focus on adverse changes in cellular environments, revolving around hypoxic stress, that may trigger or facilitate PD progression. Inter-dependent structural re-arrangements of mitochondrial membranes, including increased cytoplasmic exposure of mitochondrial cardiolipins and changes in alpha-synuclein localization and conformation are discussed consequences of such conditions. Enhancing cellular resilience could be an integral part of future combination-based therapies of PD. This may be achieved by boosting the capacity of cellular and specifically mitochondrial processes to regulate and adapt to altered proteostasis, redox, and inflammatory conditions and by inducing protective molecular and tissue re-modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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64
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Role of Melatonin in Angiotensin and Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154666. [PMID: 34361818 PMCID: PMC8347812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular utilization of oxygen leads to the generation of free radicals in organisms. The accumulation of these free radicals contributes significantly to aging and several age-related diseases. Angiotensin II can contribute to DNA damage through oxidative stress by activating the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway, which in turn results in the production of reactive oxygen species. This radical oxygen-containing molecule has been linked to aging and several age-related disorders, including renal damage. Considering the role of angiotensin in aging, melatonin might relieve angiotensin-II-induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 pathway, which is crucial in preventing the mitochondrial calcium overload that may trigger increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This review highlights the role and importance of melatonin together with angiotensin in aging and age-related diseases.
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Escrevente C, Falcão AS, Hall MJ, Lopes-da-Silva M, Antas P, Mesquita MM, Ferreira IS, Cardoso MH, Oliveira D, Fradinho AC, Ciossek T, Nicklin P, Futter CE, Tenreiro S, Seabra MC. Formation of Lipofuscin-Like Autofluorescent Granules in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Requires Lysosome Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:39. [PMID: 34313720 PMCID: PMC8322709 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to characterize the pathways required for autofluorescent granule (AFG) formation by RPE cells using cultured monolayers. Methods We fed RPE monolayers in culture with a single pulse of photoreceptor outer segments (POS). After 24 hours the cells started accumulating AFGs that were comparable to lipofuscin in vivo. Using this model, we used a variety of light and electron microscopical techniques, flow cytometry and Western blot to analyze the formation of AFGs. We also generated a mutant RPE line lacking cathepsin D by gene editing. Results AFGs seem to derive from incompletely digested POS-containing phagosomes and after 3 days are surrounded by a single membrane positive for lysosome markers. We show by various methods that lysosome-phagosome fusion is required for AFG formation, and that impairment of lysosomal pH or catalytic activity, particularly cathepsin D activity, enhances AF accumulation. Conclusions We conclude that lysosomal dysfunction results in incomplete POS degradation and enhanced AFG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Escrevente
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Falcão
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Mafalda Lopes-da-Silva
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Mesquita
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês S Ferreira
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Helena Cardoso
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fradinho
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Tenreiro
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang W, Yang X, Chen L, Liu YY, Venkatarangan V, Reist L, Hanson P, Xu H, Wang Y, Li M. A conserved ubiquitin- and ESCRT-dependent pathway internalizes human lysosomal membrane proteins for degradation. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001361. [PMID: 34297722 PMCID: PMC8337054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is an essential organelle to recycle cellular materials and maintain nutrient homeostasis, but the mechanism to down-regulate its membrane proteins is poorly understood. In this study, we performed a cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay to measure the half-lives of approximately 30 human lysosomal membrane proteins (LMPs) and identified RNF152 and LAPTM4A as short-lived membrane proteins. The degradation of both proteins is ubiquitin dependent. RNF152 is a transmembrane E3 ligase that ubiquitinates itself, whereas LAPTM4A uses its carboxyl-terminal PY motifs to recruit NEDD4-1 for ubiquitination. After ubiquitination, they are internalized into the lysosome lumen by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery for degradation. Strikingly, when ectopically expressed in budding yeast, human RNF152 is still degraded by the vacuole (yeast lysosome) in an ESCRT-dependent manner. Thus, our study uncovered a conserved mechanism to down-regulate lysosome membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yun-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Varsha Venkatarangan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucas Reist
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Phyllis Hanson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Romila CA, Townsend S, Malecki M, Kamrad S, Rodríguez-López M, Hillson O, Cotobal C, Ralser M, Bähler J. Barcode sequencing and a high-throughput assay for chronological lifespan uncover ageing-associated genes in fission yeast. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:146-160. [PMID: 34250083 PMCID: PMC8246024 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.07.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing-related processes are largely conserved, with simple organisms remaining the main platform to discover and dissect new ageing-associated genes. Yeasts provide potent model systems to study cellular ageing owing their amenability to systematic functional assays under controlled conditions. Even with yeast cells, however, ageing assays can be laborious and resource-intensive. Here we present improved experimental and computational methods to study chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We decoded the barcodes for 3206 mutants of the latest gene-deletion library, enabling the parallel profiling of ~700 additional mutants compared to previous screens. We then applied a refined method of barcode sequencing (Bar-seq), addressing technical and statistical issues raised by persisting DNA in dead cells and sampling bottlenecks in aged cultures, to screen for mutants showing altered lifespan during stationary phase. This screen identified 341 long-lived mutants and 1246 short-lived mutants which point to many previously unknown ageing-associated genes, including 46 conserved but entirely uncharacterized genes. The ageing-associated genes showed coherent enrichments in processes also associated with human ageing, particularly with respect to ageing in non-proliferative brain cells. We also developed an automated colony-forming unit assay to facilitate medium- to high-throughput chronological-lifespan studies by saving time and resources compared to the traditional assay. Results from the Bar-seq screen showed good agreement with this new assay. This study provides an effective methodological platform and identifies many new ageing-associated genes as a framework for analysing cellular ageing in yeast and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A. Romila
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - StJohn Townsend
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michal Malecki
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Current address: Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephan Kamrad
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Current address: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Germany
| | - María Rodríguez-López
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olivia Hillson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cristina Cotobal
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Germany
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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FAN ZY, LIU ZJ, ZHANG RL, HAN GM, ZHANG ZP. Preparation of Lysosome-targeting Carbon Dots and Its Application in Cell Imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(21)60108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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69
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Metabolomic profiling of single enlarged lysosomes. Nat Methods 2021; 18:788-798. [PMID: 34127857 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are critical for cellular metabolism and are heterogeneously involved in various cellular processes. The ability to measure lysosomal metabolic heterogeneity is essential for understanding their physiological roles. We therefore built a single-lysosome mass spectrometry (SLMS) platform integrating lysosomal patch-clamp recording and induced nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI)/mass spectrometry (MS) that enables concurrent metabolic and electrophysiological profiling of individual enlarged lysosomes. The accuracy and reliability of this technique were validated by supporting previous findings, such as the transportability of lysosomal cationic amino acids transporters such as PQLC2 and the lysosomal trapping of lysosomotropic, hydrophobic weak base drugs such as lidocaine. We derived metabolites from single lysosomes in various cell types and classified lysosomes into five major subpopulations based on their chemical and biological divergence. Senescence and carcinoma altered metabolic profiles of lysosomes in a type-specific manner. Thus, SLMS can open more avenues for investigating heterogeneous lysosomal metabolic changes during physiological and pathological processes.
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Araya J, Saito N, Hosaka Y, Ichikawa A, Kadota T, Fujita Y, Minagawa S, Hara H, Fujimoto S, Kawamoto H, Watanabe N, Ito A, Okuda K, Miyagawa H, Watanabe J, Takekoshi D, Utsumi H, Yoshida M, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Ito S, Numata T, Mori S, Matsudaira H, Hirano J, Ohtsuka T, Nakayama K, Kuwano K. Impaired TRIM16-Mediated Lysophagy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:65-76. [PMID: 34135057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient autophagic degradation has been implicated in accelerated cellular senescence during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Aging-linked and cigarette smoke (CS)-induced functional deterioration of lysosomes may be associated with impaired autophagy. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is indicative of damaged lysosomes. Galectin-3 and tripartite motif protein (TRIM) 16 play a cooperative role in recognizing LMP and inducing lysophagy, a lysosome-selective autophagy, to maintain lysosome function. In this study, we sought to examine the role of TRIM16-mediated lysophagy in regulating CS-induced LMP and cellular senescence during COPD pathogenesis by using human bronchial epithelial cells and lung tissues. CS extract (CSE) induced lysosomal damage via LMP, as detected by galectin-3 accumulation. Autophagy was responsible for modulating LMP and lysosome function during CSE exposure. TRIM16 was involved in CSE-induced lysophagy, with impaired lysophagy associated with lysosomal dysfunction and accelerated cellular senescence. Airway epithelial cells in COPD lungs showed an increase in lipofuscin, aggresome and galectin-3 puncta, reflecting accumulation of lysosomal damage with concomitantly reduced TRIM16 expression levels. Human bronchial epithelial cells isolated from COPD patients showed reduced TRIM16 but increased galectin-3, and a negative correlation between TRIM16 and galectin-3 protein levels was demonstrated. Damaged lysosomes with LMP are accumulated in epithelial cells in COPD lungs, which can be at least partly attributed to impaired TRIM16-mediated lysophagy. Increased LMP in lung epithelial cells may be responsible for COPD pathogenesis through the enhancement of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Nayuta Saito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichikawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Fujimoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Kawamoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Okuda
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanae Miyagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takekoshi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Numata
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Mori
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hideki Matsudaira
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Jun Hirano
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lomidze N, Zhvania MG, Tizabi Y, Japaridze N, Pochkhidze N, Rzayev F, Lordkipanidze T. Aging affects cognition and hippocampal ultrastructure in male Wistar rats. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:833-846. [PMID: 34047044 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that aging is associated with emotional and cognitive changes. Although the basis of such changes is not fully understood, ultrastructural alterations in key brain areas are likely contributing factors. Recently, we reported that aging-related anxiety in male Wistar rats is associated with ultrastructural changes in the central nucleus of amygdala, an area that plays important role in emotional regulation. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive performance of adolescent, adult, and aged male Wistar rats in multi-branch maze (MBM) as well as in Morris water maze (MWM). We also performed ultrastructural analysis of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, an area intimately involved in cognitive function. The behavioral data indicate significant impairments in few indices of cognitive functions in both tests in aged rats compared to the other two age groups. Concomitantly, a total number of presynaptic vesicles as well as vesicles in the resting pool were significantly lower, whereas postsynaptic mitochondrial area was significantly higher in aged rats compared to the other age groups. No significant differences in presynaptic terminal area or postsynaptic mitochondrial number were detected between the three age groups. These results indicate that selective ultrastructural changes in specific hippocampal region may accompany cognitive decline in aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Lomidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mzia G Zhvania
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashviloi Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology Howard, University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nadezhda Japaridze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashviloi Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Medical School, New Vision University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Pochkhidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashviloi Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fuad Rzayev
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Tamar Lordkipanidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Ilyinsky NS, Nesterov SV, Shestoperova EI, Fonin AV, Uversky VN, Gordeliy VI. On the Role of Normal Aging Processes in the Onset and Pathogenesis of Diseases Associated with the Abnormal Accumulation of Protein Aggregates. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:275-289. [PMID: 33838629 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prime systemic cause of various age-related diseases, in particular, proteinopathies. In fact, most diseases associated with protein misfolding are sporadic, and their incidence increases with aging. This review examines the process of protein aggregate formation, the toxicity of such aggregates, the organization of cellular systems involved in proteostasis, and the impact of protein aggregates on important cellular processes leading to proteinopathies. We also analyze how manifestations of aging (mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunction of signaling systems, changes in the genome and epigenome) facilitate pathogenesis of various proteinopathies either directly, by increasing the propensity of key proteins for aggregation, or indirectly, through dysregulation of stress responses. Such analysis might help in outlining approaches for treating proteinopathies and extending healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Moscow, 115404, Russia
| | - Elizaveta I Shestoperova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, 52428, Germany.,Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, 38000, France
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73
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Valencia M, Kim SR, Jang Y, Lee SH. Neuronal Autophagy: Characteristic Features and Roles in Neuronal Pathophysiology. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:605-614. [PMID: 33875624 PMCID: PMC8551733 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important degradative pathway that eliminates misfolded proteins and damaged organelles from cells. Autophagy is crucial for neuronal homeostasis and function. A lack of or deficiency in autophagy leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates, which are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Compared with non-neuronal cells, neurons exhibit rapid autophagic flux because damaged organelles or protein aggregates cannot be diluted in post-mitotic cells; because of this, these cells exhibit characteristic features of autophagy, such as compartment-specific autophagy, which depends on polarized structures and rapid autophagy flux. In addition, neurons exhibit compartment-specific autophagy, which depends on polarized structures. Neuronal autophagy may have additional physiological roles other than amino acid recycling. In this review, we focus on the characteristics and regulatory factors of neuronal autophagy. We also describe intracellular selective autophagy in neurons and its association with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- McNeil Valencia
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Sharma P, Jaiswal RK. SPERMIDINE MAINTAINS TELOMERE LENGTH AND DELAYS AGING. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2021. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine, a natural polyamine, has been noticed for its anti-aging properties. Supplementation of this drug prolongs lifespan and diminishes the incidence of age-related pathology. In the human population, spermidine levels decrease as aging progresses, and a potential link between diminished endogenous spermidine levels and age-related declination has been studied. At the cellular level, autophagy is the prime mode of action of spermidine known to decline with the progress of aging, similarly contributing to the accretion of impaired macromolecules and organelles through aging. Epidemiological statistics support the concept, suggesting that elevated uptake of polyamine delays aging. Here, we overview the effect of autophagy on cellular processes and age-associated diseases, emphasizing the importance of these events to the hallmarks of aging.
There are numerous factors like shortening telomere, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and impaired intracellular calcium signaling, which are influenced by the aging process. We hypothesize that spermidine supplements in the diet increase the telomere length. The proposed hypothesis also brings to light the differentially regulated genes involved in telomere maintenance and aging after spermidine treatment. Knowing the role of spermidine in telomere maintenance would help us understand the molecular mechanism of spermidine's effect on aging.
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75
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Yu Y, Singh H, Kwon K, Tsitrin T, Petrini J, Nelson KE, Pieper R. Protein signatures from blood plasma and urine suggest changes in vascular function and IL-12 signaling in elderly with a history of chronic diseases compared with an age-matched healthy cohort. GeroScience 2021. [PMID: 32974878 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00269-y/figures/10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Key processes characterizing human aging are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The capacity of the immune system to adequately respond to external perturbations (e.g., pathogens, injuries, and biochemical irritants) and to repair somatic mutations that may cause cancers or cellular senescence declines. An important goal remains to identify genetic or biochemical, predictive biomarkers for healthy aging. We recruited two cohorts in the age range 70 to 82, one afflicted by chronic illnesses (non-healthy aging, NHA) and the other in good health (healthy aging, HA). NHA criteria included major cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Quantitative analysis of forty proinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and more than 500 proteins in urine was performed to identify candidate biomarkers for and biological pathway implications of healthy aging. Nine cytokines revealed lower quantities in blood plasma for the NHA compared with the HA groups (fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.025) including IL-12p40 and IL-12p70. We note that, sampling at two timepoints, intra-individual cytokine abundance patterns clustered in 86% of all 60 cases, indicative of person-specific, highly controlled multi-cytokine signatures in blood plasma. Twenty-three urinary proteins were differentially abundant (HA versus NHA; fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.01). Among the proteins increased in abundance in the HA cohort were glycoprotein MUC18, ephrin type-B receptor 4, matrix remodeling-associated protein 8, angiopoietin-related protein 2, K-cadherin, and plasma protease C1 inhibitor. These proteins have been linked to the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and vascular remodeling and repair processes. In silico network analysis identified the regulation of coagulation, antimicrobial humoral immune responses, and the IL-12 signaling pathway as enriched GO terms. To validate links of these preliminary biomarkers and IL-12 signaling with healthy aging, clinical studies using larger cohorts and functional characterization of the genes/proteins in cellular models of aging need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Keehwan Kwon
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joann Petrini
- Western Connecticut Health Network, 24 Hospital Avenue, Danbury, CT, 06810, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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76
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Blignaut M, Harries S, Lochner A, Huisamen B. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein Kinase: A Potential Master Puppeteer of Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic Recycling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8850708. [PMID: 33868575 PMCID: PMC8032526 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated protein kinase (ATM) has recently come to the fore as a regulatory protein fulfilling many roles in the fine balancing act of metabolic homeostasis. Best known for its role as a transducer of DNA damage repair, the activity of ATM in the cytosol is enjoying increasing attention, where it plays a central role in general cellular recycling (macroautophagy) as well as the targeted clearance (selective autophagy) of damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes in response to oxidative stress, independently of the DNA damage response. The importance of ATM activation by oxidative stress has also recently been highlighted in the clearance of protein aggregates, where the expression of a functional ATM construct that cannot be activated by oxidative stress resulted in widespread accumulation of protein aggregates. This review will discuss the role of ATM in general autophagy, mitophagy, and pexophagy as well as aggrephagy and crosstalk between oxidative stress as an activator of ATM and its potential role as a master regulator of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Blignaut
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sarah Harries
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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The trophocytes and oenocytes of worker and queen honey bees (Apis mellifera) exhibit distinct age-associated transcriptome profiles. GeroScience 2021; 43:1863-1875. [PMID: 33826033 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identical genomic context, trophocytes and oenocytes in worker bees exhibit aging-related phenotypes, in contrast to the longevity phenotypes in queen bees. To explore this phenomenon at the molecular level, we evaluated the age-associated transcriptomes of trophocytes and oenocytes in worker bees and queen bees using high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The results showed that (i) while gene expression profiles were different between worker and queen bees, they remained similar between young and old counterparts; (ii) worker bees express a high proportion of low-abundance genes, whereas queen bee transcriptomes display a high proportion of moderate-expression genes; (iii) genes were upregulated to a greater extent in queen bees vs. worker bees; and (iv) distinct aging-related and longevity-related candidate genes were found in worker and queen bees. These results provide new insights into the cellular aging and longevity of trophocytes and oenocytes in honey bees. Identification of aging-associated biomarker genes also constitutes a basis for translational research of aging in higher organisms.
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78
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Different Stages of Quiescence, Senescence, and Cell Stress Identified by Molecular Algorithm Based on the Expression of Ki67, RPS6, and Beta-Galactosidase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063102. [PMID: 33803589 PMCID: PMC8002939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their life span, cells have two possible states: a non-cycling, quiescent state (G0) and a cycling, activated state. Cells may enter a reversible G0 state of quiescence or, alternatively, they may undergo an irreversible G0 state. The latter may be a physiological differentiation or, following a stress event, a senescent status. Discrimination among the several G0 states represents a significant investigation, since quiescence, differentiation, and senescence are progressive phenomena with intermediate transitional stages. We used the expression of Ki67, RPS6, and beta-galactosidase to identify healthy cells that progressively enter and leave quiescence through G0-entry, G0 and G0-alert states. We then evaluated how cells may enter senescence following a genotoxic stressful event. We identified an initial stress stage with the expression of beta-galactosidase and Ki67 proliferation marker. Cells may recover from stress events or become senescent passing through early and late senescence states. Discrimination between quiescence and senescence was based on the expression of RPS6, a marker of active protein synthesis that is present in senescent cells but absent in quiescent cells. Even taking into account that fixed G0 states do not exist, our molecular algorithm may represent a method for identifying turning points of G0 transitional states that continuously change.
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79
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Sahm A, Platzer M, Koch P, Henning Y, Bens M, Groth M, Burda H, Begall S, Ting S, Goetz M, Van Daele P, Staniszewska M, Klose JM, Costa PF, Hoffmann S, Szafranski K, Dammann P. Increased longevity due to sexual activity in mole-rats is associated with transcriptional changes in the HPA stress axis. eLife 2021; 10:57843. [PMID: 33724179 PMCID: PMC8012063 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual activity and/or reproduction are associated with a doubling of life expectancy in the long-lived rodent genus Fukomys. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we analyzed 636 RNA-seq samples across 15 tissues. This analysis suggests that changes in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis play a key role regarding the extended life expectancy of reproductive vs. non-reproductive mole-rats. This is substantiated by a corpus of independent evidence. In accordance with previous studies, the up-regulation of the proteasome and so-called ‘anti-aging molecules’, for example, dehydroepiandrosterone, is linked with enhanced lifespan. On the other hand, several of our results are not consistent with knowledge about aging of short-lived model organisms. For example, we found the up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1/growth hormone axis and several other anabolic processes to be compatible with a considerable lifespan prolongation. These contradictions question the extent to which findings from short-lived species can be transferred to longer-lived ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Core Facility Sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Core Facility Sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hynek Burda
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Van Daele
- Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mona Klose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pedro Fragoso Costa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Karol Szafranski
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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80
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Patel NH, Bloukh S, Alwohosh E, Alhesa A, Saleh T, Gewirtz DA. Autophagy and senescence in cancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:1-74. [PMID: 33858594 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells can undergo diverse responses to cancer therapy. While apoptosis represents the most desirable outcome, tumor cells can alternatively undergo autophagy and senescence. Both autophagy and senescence have the potential to make complex contributions to tumor cell survival via both cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous pathways. The induction of autophagy and senescence in tumor cells, preclinically and clinically, either individually or concomitantly, has generated interest in the utilization of autophagy modulating and senolytic therapies to target autophagy and senescence, respectively. This chapter summarizes the current evidence for the promotion of autophagy and senescence as fundamental responses to cancer therapy and discusses the complexity of their functional contributions to cell survival and disease outcomes. We also highlight current modalities designed to exploit autophagy and senescence in efforts to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Enas Alwohosh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Goodwin Research Laboratories, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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81
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Kim JH, Park I, Shin HR, Rhee J, Seo JY, Jo YW, Yoo K, Hann SH, Kang JS, Park J, Kim YL, Moon JY, Choi MH, Kong YY. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis controls muscle stem cell senescence through autophagosome clearance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:177-191. [PMID: 33244887 PMCID: PMC7890269 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With organismal aging, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) activity gradually decreases, resulting in the systemic functional declines of the target tissues including skeletal muscles. Although the HPG axis plays an important role in health span, how the HPG axis systemically prevents functional aging is largely unknown. METHODS We generated muscle stem cell (MuSC)-specific androgen receptor (Ar) and oestrogen receptor 2 (Esr2) double knockout (dKO) mice and pharmacologically inhibited (Antide) the HPG axis to mimic decreased serum levels of sex steroid hormones in aged mice. After short-term and long-term sex hormone signalling ablation, the MuSCs were functionally analysed, and their aging phenotypes were compared with those of geriatric mice (30-month-old). To investigate pathways associated with sex hormone signalling disruption, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed. RESULTS Disrupting the HPG axis results in impaired muscle regeneration [wild-type (WT) vs. dKO, P < 0.0001; Veh vs. Antide, P = 0.004]. The expression of DNA damage marker (in WT = 7.0 ± 1.6%, dKO = 32.5 ± 2.6%, P < 0.01; in Veh = 13.4 ± 4.5%, Antide = 29.7 ± 5.5%, P = 0.028) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (in WT = 3.8 ± 1.2%, dKO = 10.3 ± 1.6%, P < 0.01; in Veh = 2.1 ± 0.4%, Antide = 9.6 ± 0.8%, P = 0.005), as well as the expression levels of senescence-associated genes, p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 , was significantly increased in the MuSCs, indicating that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the HPG axis recapitulates the progressive aging process of MuSCs. Mechanistically, the ablation of sex hormone signalling reduced the expression of transcription factor EB (Tfeb) and Tfeb target gene in MuSCs, suggesting that sex hormones directly induce the expression of Tfeb, a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, and consequently autophagosome clearance. Transduction of the Tfeb in naturally aged MuSCs increased muscle mass [control geriatric MuSC transplanted tibialis anterior (TA) muscle = 34.3 ± 2.9 mg, Tfeb-transducing geriatric MuSC transplanted TA muscle = 44.7 ± 6.7 mg, P = 0.015] and regenerating myofibre size [eMyHC+ tdTomato+ myofibre cross-section area (CSA) in control vs. Tfeb, P = 0.002] after muscle injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the HPG axis systemically controls autophagosome clearance in MuSCs through Tfeb and prevents MuSCs from senescence, suggesting that sustained HPG activity throughout life regulates autophagosome clearance to maintain the quiescence of MuSCs by preventing senescence until advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inkuk Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hijai R Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joonwoo Rhee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyusang Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Hann
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seol Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jieon Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lynne Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Moon
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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82
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Ansari MY, Ball HC, Wase SJ, Novak K, Haqqi TM. Lysosomal dysfunction in osteoarthritis and aged cartilage triggers apoptosis in chondrocytes through BAX mediated release of Cytochrome c. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:100-112. [PMID: 33161099 PMCID: PMC8418332 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lysosomes are the major catabolic organelle of the cell and regulate the macromolecular and organelle turnover and programmed cell death. Here, we investigated the lysosome dysfunction in cartilage and its role in chondrocytes apoptosis and the associated mechanism. DESIGN Lysosomal acidification in Osteoarthritis (OA) and aged cartilage was determined by LysoSensor staining. Lysosomal function in chondrocytes was blocked by siRNA mediated depletion of Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP2) or with lysosome inhibitors. Chondrocyte apoptosis was determined by LDH release, Caspase-3/7 activation, TUNEL and PI uptake assays. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP/ΔΨM) and mitochondrial superoxide level was determined by JC-1 and MitoSOX staining, respectively. Colocalization of mitochondria with BCL2 associated X (BAX) and Cytochrome c was determined by immunostaining. Destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) was performed to induce OA in mice. RESULTS Lysosomal acidification was found to be significantly decreased in aged mouse and human and mouse OA cartilage which also showed increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of lysosomal function resulted in increased oxidative stress, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and apoptosis in chondrocytes in monolayer and in cartilage explant cultures. Depletion of LAMP2 expression or treatment of chondrocytes with lysosomal function inhibitors increased the expression and mitochondrial translocation of BAX leading to Cytochrome c release. Lysosomal dysfunction-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes was not blocked by antioxidants MitoTempo or Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) but was abrogated by inhibiting BAX. CONCLUSION Lysosomal dysfunction induce apoptosis in chondrocytes through BAX-mediated mitochondrial damage and release of Cytochrome c. Our data points to lysosomal function restoration and/or BAX inhibition in chondrocytes as a therapeutic approach for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - H C Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - S J Wase
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - K Novak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - T M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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83
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Wang L, Zhou Q, Chen L, Jiang J. Iron-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial crosstalk: a new direction in the treatment of aging and aging-related diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1293-1295. [PMID: 33108445 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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84
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Ca 2+ Dyshomeostasis Disrupts Neuronal and Synaptic Function in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122655. [PMID: 33321866 PMCID: PMC7763805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for multiple neuronal functions and thus, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis can lead to widespread impairment of cellular and synaptic signaling, subsequently contributing to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While numerous studies implicate Ca2+ mishandling in AD, the cellular basis for loss of cognitive function remains under investigation. The process of synaptic degradation and degeneration in AD is slow, and constitutes a series of maladaptive processes each contributing to a further destabilization of the Ca2+ homeostatic machinery. Ca2+ homeostasis involves precise maintenance of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, despite extracellular influx via multiple synaptic Ca2+ channels, and intracellular release via organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via ryanodine receptor (RyRs) and IP3R, lysosomes via transient receptor potential mucolipin channel (TRPML) and two pore channel (TPC), and mitochondria via the permeability transition pore (PTP). Furthermore, functioning of these organelles relies upon regulated inter-organelle Ca2+ handling, with aberrant signaling resulting in synaptic dysfunction, protein mishandling, oxidative stress and defective bioenergetics, among other consequences consistent with AD. With few effective treatments currently available to mitigate AD, the past few years have seen a significant increase in the study of synaptic and cellular mechanisms as drivers of AD, including Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Here, we detail some key findings and discuss implications for future AD treatments.
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85
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Cavinato M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Büttner S, Schosserer M, Zwerschke W, Wedel S, Grillari J, Graier WF, Jansen-Dürr P. Targeting cellular senescence based on interorganelle communication, multilevel proteostasis, and metabolic control. FEBS J 2020; 288:3834-3854. [PMID: 33200494 PMCID: PMC7611050 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a stable cell division arrest caused by severe damage and stress, is a hallmark of aging in vertebrates including humans. With progressing age, senescent cells accumulate in a variety of mammalian tissues, where they contribute to tissue aging, identifying cellular senescence as a major target to delay or prevent aging. There is an increasing demand for the discovery of new classes of small molecules that would either avoid or postpone cellular senescence by selectively eliminating senescent cells from the body (i.e., ‘senolytics’) or inactivating/switching damage‐inducing properties of senescent cells (i.e., ‘senostatics/senomorphics’), such as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Whereas compounds with senolytic or senostatic activity have already been described, their efficacy and specificity has not been fully established for clinical use yet. Here, we review mechanisms of senescence that are related to mitochondria and their interorganelle communication, and the involvement of proteostasis networks and metabolic control in the senescent phenotype. These cellular functions are associated with cellular senescence in in vitro and in vivo models but have not been fully exploited for the search of new compounds to counteract senescence yet. Therefore, we explore possibilities to target these mechanisms as new opportunities to selectively eliminate and/or disable senescent cells with the aim of tissue rejuvenation. We assume that this research will provide new compounds from the chemical space which act as mimetics of caloric restriction, modulators of calcium signaling and mitochondrial physiology, or as proteostasis optimizers, bearing the potential to counteract cellular senescence, thereby allowing healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Wedel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria
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86
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Townes FW, Carr K, Miller JW. Identifying longevity associated genes by integrating gene expression and curated annotations. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008429. [PMID: 33253142 PMCID: PMC7728194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process with poorly understood genetic mechanisms. Recent studies have sought to classify genes as pro-longevity or anti-longevity using a variety of machine learning algorithms. However, it is not clear which types of features are best for optimizing classification performance and which algorithms are best suited to this task. Further, performance assessments based on held-out test data are lacking. We systematically compare five popular classification algorithms using gene ontology and gene expression datasets as features to predict the pro-longevity versus anti-longevity status of genes for two model organisms (C. elegans and S. cerevisiae) using the GenAge database as ground truth. We find that elastic net penalized logistic regression performs particularly well at this task. Using elastic net, we make novel predictions of pro- and anti-longevity genes that are not currently in the GenAge database. Aging is a complex process with poorly understood genetic mechanisms. Recent studies have sought to classify genes as pro-longevity or anti-longevity using a variety of machine learning algorithms. However, it is not clear which types of features are best for optimizing classification performance and which algorithms are best suited to this task. Further, performance assessments based on held-out test data are lacking. We systematically compare five popular classification algorithms using gene ontology and gene expression datasets as features to predict the pro-longevity versus anti-longevity status of genes for two model organisms (nematode worms and yeast) using the GenAge database as ground truth. We find that elastic net penalized logistic regression performs particularly well at this task. Using elastic net, we make novel predictions of pro- and anti-longevity genes that are not currently in the GenAge database.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. William Townes
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- * E-mail:
| | - Kareem Carr
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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87
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Ilie OD, Ciobica A, Riga S, Dhunna N, McKenna J, Mavroudis I, Doroftei B, Ciobanu AM, Riga D. Mini-Review on Lipofuscin and Aging: Focusing on The Molecular Interface, The Biological Recycling Mechanism, Oxidative Stress, and The Gut-Brain Axis Functionality. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E626. [PMID: 33228124 PMCID: PMC7699382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intra-lysosomal accumulation of the autofluorescent "residue" known as lipofuscin, which is found within postmitotic cells, remains controversial. Although it was considered a harmless hallmark of aging, its presence is detrimental as it continually accumulates. The latest evidence highlighted that lipofuscin strongly correlates with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species; however, despite this, lipofuscin cannot be removed by the biological recycling mechanisms. The antagonistic effects exerted at the DNA level culminate in a dysregulation of the cell cycle, by inducing a loss of the entire internal environment and abnormal gene(s) expression. Additionally, it appears that a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species can be attributed to gut microbiota, due to their ability to shape our behavior and neurodevelopment through their maintenance of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Nitasha Dhunna
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK;
| | - Jack McKenna
- York Hospital, Wigginton road Clifton, York YO31 8HE, UK;
| | - Ioannis Mavroudis
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Great George St, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK;
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Electron Microscopy, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adela-Magdalena Ciobanu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, no 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dan Riga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, no. 54, sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.); (D.R.)
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88
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Joo HJ, Ma DJ, Hwang JS, Shin YJ. SIRT1 Activation Using CRISPR/dCas9 Promotes Regeneration of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells through Inhibiting Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111085. [PMID: 33158256 PMCID: PMC7694272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) are restricted in proliferative capacity in vivo. Reduction in the number of hCEC leads to persistent corneal edema requiring corneal transplantation. This study demonstrates the functions of SIRT1 in hCECs and its potential for corneal endothelial regeneration. Cell morphology, cell growth rates and proliferation-associated proteins were compared in normal and senescent hCECs. SIRT1 was activated using the CRISPR/dCas9 activation system (SIRT1a). The plasmids were transfected into CECs of six-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats using electroporation and cryoinjury was performed. Senescent cells were larger, elongated and showed lower proliferation rates and lower SIRT1 levels. SIRT1 activation promoted the wound healing of CECs. In vivo transfection of SIRT1a promoted the regeneration of CECs. The proportion of the S-phase cells was lower in senescent cells and elevated upon SIRT1a activation. SIRT1 regulated cell proliferation, proliferation-associated proteins, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress levels. In conclusion, corneal endothelial senescence is related with a decreased SIRT1 level. SIRT1a promotes the regeneration of CECs by inhibiting cytokine-induced cell death and senescence. Gene function activation therapy using SIRT1a may serve as a novel treatment strategy for hCEC diseases.
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89
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Johnson IRD, Nguyen CT, Wise P, Grimm D. Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218205. [PMID: 33147843 PMCID: PMC7663135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these conditions have been shown to be accelerated following exposure to microgravity, this review elucidates the lysosomal response to real and simulated microgravity. Microgravity activates the endo-lysosomal system, with resulting impacts on bone loss, muscle atrophy and stem cell differentiation. The investigation of lysosomal adaptation to microgravity can be beneficial in the search for new biomarkers or therapeutic approaches to several disease pathologies on earth as well as the potential to mitigate pathophysiology during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine T. Nguyen
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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90
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Hazeldine J, Lord JM. Immunesenescence: A Predisposing Risk Factor for the Development of COVID-19? Front Immunol 2020; 11:573662. [PMID: 33123152 PMCID: PMC7573102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bearing a strong resemblance to the phenotypic and functional remodeling of the immune system that occurs during aging (termed immunesenescence), the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by an expansion of inflammatory monocytes, functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, dysregulated myeloid responses and the presence of highly activated senescent T cells. Alongside advanced age, male gender and pre-existing co-morbidities [e.g., obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)] are emerging as significant risk factors for COVID-19. Interestingly, immunesenescence is more profound in males when compared to females, whilst accelerated aging of the immune system, termed premature immunesenescence, has been described in obese subjects and T2D patients. Thus, as three distinct demographic groups with an increased susceptibility to COVID-19 share a common immune profile, could immunesenescence be a generic contributory factor in the development of severe COVID-19? Here, by focussing on three key aspects of an immune response, namely pathogen recognition, elimination and resolution, we address this question by discussing how immunesenescence may weaken or exacerbate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight how aspects of immunesenescence could render potential COVID-19 treatments less effective in older adults and draw attention to certain therapeutic options, which by reversing or circumventing certain features of immunesenescence may prove to be beneficial for the treatment of groups at high risk of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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91
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Mouton SN, Thaller DJ, Crane MM, Rempel IL, Terpstra OT, Steen A, Kaeberlein M, Lusk CP, Boersma AJ, Veenhoff LM. A physicochemical perspective of aging from single-cell analysis of pH, macromolecular and organellar crowding in yeast. eLife 2020; 9:e54707. [PMID: 32990592 PMCID: PMC7556870 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular aging is a multifactorial process that is characterized by a decline in homeostatic capacity, best described at the molecular level. Physicochemical properties such as pH and macromolecular crowding are essential to all molecular processes in cells and require maintenance. Whether a drift in physicochemical properties contributes to the overall decline of homeostasis in aging is not known. Here, we show that the cytosol of yeast cells acidifies modestly in early aging and sharply after senescence. Using a macromolecular crowding sensor optimized for long-term FRET measurements, we show that crowding is rather stable and that the stability of crowding is a stronger predictor for lifespan than the absolute crowding levels. Additionally, in aged cells, we observe drastic changes in organellar volume, leading to crowding on the micrometer scale, which we term organellar crowding. Our measurements provide an initial framework of physicochemical parameters of replicatively aged yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Mouton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - David J Thaller
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Matthew M Crane
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Irina L Rempel
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Owen T Terpstra
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Anton Steen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - C Patrick Lusk
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - Liesbeth M Veenhoff
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
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92
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Yu Y, Singh H, Kwon K, Tsitrin T, Petrini J, Nelson KE, Pieper R. Protein signatures from blood plasma and urine suggest changes in vascular function and IL-12 signaling in elderly with a history of chronic diseases compared with an age-matched healthy cohort. GeroScience 2020; 43:593-606. [PMID: 32974878 PMCID: PMC8110643 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key processes characterizing human aging are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The capacity of the immune system to adequately respond to external perturbations (e.g., pathogens, injuries, and biochemical irritants) and to repair somatic mutations that may cause cancers or cellular senescence declines. An important goal remains to identify genetic or biochemical, predictive biomarkers for healthy aging. We recruited two cohorts in the age range 70 to 82, one afflicted by chronic illnesses (non-healthy aging, NHA) and the other in good health (healthy aging, HA). NHA criteria included major cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Quantitative analysis of forty proinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and more than 500 proteins in urine was performed to identify candidate biomarkers for and biological pathway implications of healthy aging. Nine cytokines revealed lower quantities in blood plasma for the NHA compared with the HA groups (fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.025) including IL-12p40 and IL-12p70. We note that, sampling at two timepoints, intra-individual cytokine abundance patterns clustered in 86% of all 60 cases, indicative of person-specific, highly controlled multi-cytokine signatures in blood plasma. Twenty-three urinary proteins were differentially abundant (HA versus NHA; fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.01). Among the proteins increased in abundance in the HA cohort were glycoprotein MUC18, ephrin type-B receptor 4, matrix remodeling-associated protein 8, angiopoietin-related protein 2, K-cadherin, and plasma protease C1 inhibitor. These proteins have been linked to the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and vascular remodeling and repair processes. In silico network analysis identified the regulation of coagulation, antimicrobial humoral immune responses, and the IL-12 signaling pathway as enriched GO terms. To validate links of these preliminary biomarkers and IL-12 signaling with healthy aging, clinical studies using larger cohorts and functional characterization of the genes/proteins in cellular models of aging need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Keehwan Kwon
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joann Petrini
- Western Connecticut Health Network, 24 Hospital Avenue, Danbury, CT, 06810, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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93
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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94
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Stacchiotti A, Corsetti G. Natural Compounds and Autophagy: Allies Against Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:555409. [PMID: 33072744 PMCID: PMC7536349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.555409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonging the healthy life span and limiting neurological illness are imperative goals in gerontology. Age-related neurodegeneration is progressive and leads to severe diseases affecting motility, memory, cognitive function, and social life. To date, no effective treatments are available for neurodegeneration and irreversible neuronal loss. Bioactive phytochemicals could represent a natural alternative to ensure active aging and slow onset of neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients. Autophagy or macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved clearing process that is needed to remove aggregate-prone proteins and organelles in neurons and glia. It also is crucial in synaptic plasticity. Aberrant autophagy has a key role in aging and neurodegeneration. Recent evidence indicates that polyphenols like resveratrol and curcumin, flavonoids, like quercetin, polyamine, like spermidine and sugars, like trehalose, limit brain damage in vitro and in vivo. Their common mechanism of action leads to restoration of efficient autophagy by dismantling misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria. This review focuses on the role of dietary phytochemicals as modulators of autophagy to fight Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, fronto-temporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. Currently, most studies have involved in vitro or preclinical animal models, and the therapeutic use of phytochemicals in patients remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)," University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsetti
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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95
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Kuwahara T, Funakawa K, Komori T, Sakurai M, Yoshii G, Eguchi T, Fukuda M, Iwatsubo T. Roles of lysosomotropic agents on LRRK2 activation and Rab10 phosphorylation. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105081. [PMID: 32919031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), the major causative gene product of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, is a protein kinase that phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases. Since pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase its ability to phosphorylate Rab GTPases, elucidating the mechanisms of how Rab phosphorylation is regulated by LRRK2 is of great importance. We have previously reported that chloroquine-induced lysosomal stress facilitates LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab10 to maintain lysosomal homeostasis. Here we reveal that Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2 is potently stimulated by treatment of cells with a set of lysosome stressors and clinically used lysosomotropic drugs. These agents commonly promoted the formation of LRRK2-coated enlarged lysosomes and extracellular release of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B, the latter being dependent on LRRK2 kinase activity. In contrast to the increase in Rab10 phosphorylation, treatment with lysosomotropic drugs did not increase the enzymatic activity of LRRK2, as monitored by its autophosphorylation at Ser1292 residue, but rather enhanced the molecular proximity between LRRK2 and its substrate Rab GTPases on the cytosolic surface of lysosomes. Lysosomotropic drug-induced upregulation of Rab10 phosphorylation was likely a downstream event of Rab29 (Rab7L1)-mediated enzymatic activation of LRRK2. These results suggest a regulated process of Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2 that is associated with lysosomal overload stress, and provide insights into the novel strategies to halt the aberrant upregulation of LRRK2 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kai Funakawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Komori
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maria Sakurai
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshii
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Eguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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96
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Nguyen AD, Malmstrom TK, Niehoff ML, Aziz A, Miller DK, Morley JE. Serum progranulin levels are associated with frailty in middle-aged individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238877. [PMID: 32886731 PMCID: PMC7473561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A recent study identified progranulin as a candidate biomarker for frailty, based on gene expression databases. In the present study, we investigated associations between serum progranulin levels and frailty in a population-based sample of late middle-age and older adults. METHODS We utilized a cohort study that included 358 African Americans (baseline ages 49-65). Frailty was assessed by three established methods: the interview-based FRAIL scale, the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale that includes performance-based measurements, and the Frailty Index (FI) that is based on cumulative deficits. Serum levels of the following proteins and metabolites were measured: progranulin, cystatin C, fructosamine, soluble cytokine receptors (interleukin-2 and -6, tumor necrosis factor α-1 and -2), and C-reactive protein. Sarcopenia was assessed using the SARC-F index. Vital status was determined by matching through the National Death Index (NDI). RESULTS Serum progranulin levels were associated with frailty for all indices (FRAIL, CHS, and FI) but not with sarcopenia. Inflammatory markers indicated by soluble cytokine receptors (sIL-2R, sIL-6R, sTNFR1, sTNFR2) were positively associated serum progranulin. Increased serum progranulin levels at baseline predicted poorer outcomes including future frailty as measured by the FRAIL scale and 15-year all-cause mortality independent of age, gender, and frailty. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that serum progranulin levels may be a candidate biomarker for physical frailty, independent of sarcopenia. Further studies are needed to validate this association and assess the utility of serum progranulin levels as a potential biomarker for prevalent frailty, for risk for developing incident frailty, and for mortality risk over and above the effect of baseline frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Theodore K. Malmstrom
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Niehoff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Asef Aziz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Miller
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John E. Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Li X, Xu J, Dai B, Wang X, Guo Q, Qin L. Targeting autophagy in osteoporosis: From pathophysiology to potential therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101098. [PMID: 32535273 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by the loss of bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, attributed to various factors, including menopause (primary), aging (primary) and adverse effects of relevant medications (secondary). In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis emphasizes that bone cellular homeostasis, including the maintenance of cell functions, differentiation, and the response to stress, is tightly regulated by autophagy, which is a cell survival mechanism for eliminating and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. With the important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function, autophagy has emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we update and discuss the pathophysiology of autophagy in normal bone cell life cycle and metabolism. Then, the alternations of autophagy in primary and secondary osteoporosis, and the accompanied pathological process are discussed. Finally, we discuss current strategies, limitations, and challenges involved in targeting relevant pathways and propose strategies by which such hurdles may be circumvented in the future for their translation into clinical validations and applications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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98
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Hosaka Y, Araya J, Fujita Y, Kadota T, Tsubouchi K, Yoshida M, Minagawa S, Hara H, Kawamoto H, Watanabe N, Ito A, Ichikawa A, Saito N, Okuda K, Watanabe J, Takekoshi D, Utsumi H, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Ito S, Numata T, Mori S, Matsudaira H, Hirano J, Ohtsuka T, Nakayama K, Kuwano K. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Suppresses Apoptosis via Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1256-1267. [PMID: 32699159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) induces accumulation of misfolded proteins with concomitantly enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR). Increased apoptosis linked to UPR has been demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a type of selective autophagy for lysosomal degradation of proteins with the KFERQ peptide motif. CMA has been implicated in not only maintaining nutritional homeostasis but also adapting the cell to stressed conditions. Although recent papers have shown functional cross-talk between UPR and CMA, mechanistic implications for CMA in COPD pathogenesis, especially in association with CS-evoked UPR, remain obscure. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CMA in regulating CS-induced apoptosis linked to UPR during COPD pathogenesis using human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and lung tissues. CS extract (CSE) induced LAMP2A expression and CMA activation through a Nrf2-dependent manner in HBEC. LAMP2A knockdown and the subsequent CMA inhibition enhanced UPR, including CHOP expression, and was accompanied by increased apoptosis during CSE exposure, which was reversed by LAMP2A overexpression. Immunohistochemistry showed that Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were reduced in small airway epithelial cells in COPD compared with non-COPD lungs. Both Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were significantly reduced in HBEC isolated from COPD, whereas LAMP2A levels in HBEC were positively correlated with pulmonary function tests. These findings suggest the existence of functional cross-talk between CMA and UPR during CSE exposure and also that impaired CMA may be causally associated with COPD pathogenesis through enhanced UPR-mediated apoptosis in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan;
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hironori Kawamoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Naoaki Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichikawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Nayuta Saito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Keitaro Okuda
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takekoshi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Saburo Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Takanori Numata
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
| | - Shohei Mori
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Hideki Matsudaira
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Jun Hirano
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan; and
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 104-8461, Japan
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99
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Galantino-Homer H, Brooks SA. Genetics and Signaling Pathways of Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020; 36:379-394. [PMID: 32654786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminitis is a devastating disease with diverse etiologies and few, if any, effective treatments. Gene expression and hypothesis-generating genomic studies have provided a fresh look at the key molecular players at crucial timepoints in diverse experimental and naturally affected tissues. We summarize findings to date, and propose a unifying model of the laminitis disease process that includes several pathogenesis concepts shared with other diseases of epidermal and epithelial tissues. The value of these new pathways as potential therapeutic targets is exciting but will require careful future work to validate new methods and launch systematic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Galantino-Homer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Samantha A Brooks
- Department of Animal Sciences, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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100
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Bayer C, Pitschelatow G, Hannemann N, Linde J, Reichard J, Pensold D, Zimmer-Bensch G. DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Acts on Neurodegeneration by Modulating Proteostasis-Relevant Intracellular Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5420. [PMID: 32751461 PMCID: PMC7432412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of neurons requires a tightly orchestrated cell death and survival regulation in the context of longevity, as well as age-associated and neurodegenerative diseases. Subordinate to genetic networks, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are involved in the regulation of neuronal functionality and emerge as key contributors to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. DNA methylation, a dynamic and reversible process, is executed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMT1 was previously shown to act on neuronal survival in the aged brain, whereby a DNMT1-dependent modulation of processes relevant for protein degradation was proposed as an underlying mechanism. Properly operating proteostasis networks are a mandatory prerequisite for the functionality and long-term survival of neurons. Malfunctioning proteostasis is found, inter alia, in neurodegenerative contexts. Here, we investigated whether DNMT1 affects critical aspects of the proteostasis network by a combination of expression studies, live cell imaging, and protein biochemical analyses. We found that DNMT1 negatively impacts retrograde trafficking and autophagy, with both being involved in the clearance of aggregation-prone proteins by the aggresome-autophagy pathway. In line with this, we found that the transport of GFP-labeled mutant huntingtin (HTT) to perinuclear regions, proposed to be cytoprotective, also depends on DNMT1. Depletion of Dnmt1 accelerated perinuclear HTT aggregation and improved the survival of cells transfected with mutant HTT. This suggests that mutant HTT-induced cytotoxicity is at least in part mediated by DNMT1-dependent modulation of degradative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Geraldine Zimmer-Bensch
- Division of Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (G.P.); (N.H.); (J.L.); (J.R.); (D.P.)
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