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Mao B, Yi Y, Mo Q, Yang C, Zhong Q. Metabolic profiling reveals the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial function phenotypes in individuals at extreme cardiovascular risk. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30033-30044. [PMID: 35530249 PMCID: PMC9072126 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladapted vascular endothelial metabolism in the context of endothelial function differing in phenotype remains unknown, which limits our understanding of the heterogeneous pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to profile serum metabolic alterations of different vascular endothelial function phenotypes in asymptomatic adults at extreme cardiovascular risk. In addition to 12 CVD patients, 103 individuals free of CVD were categorized as having normal endothelial function (NEF) (n = 30), cardiovascular risk-promoting endothelial function (PEF) (n = 18), cardiovascular risk-resistant endothelial function (REF) (n = 25), and vulnerable endothelial function (VEF) (n = 30). Serum metabolic profiles were detected using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics. Compared to the NEF group, a total of 17, 17, 22, and 13 differential metabolites were identified in the PEF, REF, VEF, and CVD groups, respectively. Of the altered metabolic pathways, multiple pathways were consistent between the PEF and CVD groups, including pyrimidine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism. Notably, a relative increase in low-calorie sugar in galactose metabolism was exclusively found in the REF group, and a relative increase in the ratio of acetyl-CoA to CoA was suggested in the VEF group based on elevated butanoate metabolism and reduced pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Our findings clearly indicate distinct metabolic patterns across groups with heterogeneous vascular endothelial function in the context of extreme cardiovascular risk, and improve our understanding of the pathogenic heterogeneity of early CVD in asymptomatic populations. This metabolomics analysis has revealed the maladapted vascular endothelial metabolism across individuals with heterogeneous vascular endothelial function in the context of extreme cardiovascular risk.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Mao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Yanshan Yi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Qiuyan Mo
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Chunxiu Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Qiuan Zhong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases
- Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health
- Nanning 530021
- China
- Department of Epidemiology
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52
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Vanholder R, Gryp T, Glorieux G. Urea and chronic kidney disease: the comeback of the century? (in uraemia research). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33:4-12. [PMID: 28407121 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea, a marker of uraemic retention in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and of adequacy of intradialytic solute removal, has traditionally been considered to be biologically inert. However, a number of recent experimental data suggest that urea is toxic at concentrations representative for CKD. First of all, at least five studies indicate that urea itself induces molecular changes related to insulin resistance, free radical production, apoptosis and disruption of the protective intestinal barrier. Second, urea is at the origin of the generation of cyanate, ammonia and carbamylated compounds, which as such all have been linked to biological changes. Especially carbamylation has been held responsible for post-translational protein modifications that are involved in atherogenesis and other functional changes. In observational clinical studies, these carbamylated compounds were associated with cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality. These findings shed new light on the validity of Kt/Vurea as a marker of dialysis adequacy. Yet, also the views that the kinetics of urea are not representative of the kinetics of several other uraemic retention solutes, and that urea cannot be held responsible for all complex metabolic and clinical changes responsible for the uraemic syndrome, still remain valid. Future efforts to improve the outcome of patients with CKD might be directed at further improving removal of solutes implied in the uraemic syndrome, including but not restricted to urea, also taking into account the impact of the intestine and (residual) renal function on solute concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Laboratory for Bacteriology Research, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Laboratory for Bacteriology Research, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Yu G, Wang Y, Zhang M, Lin Y, Tang Y, Diao Y. Pathogenic, Phylogenetic, and Serological Analysis of Group I Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 SDSX Isolated From Shandong, China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2772. [PMID: 30510548 PMCID: PMC6252349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) caused by group I fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is an acute and infectious disease in fowl, particularly in broilers aged 3–5 weeks. In June 2015, a highly pathogenic disease outbroke in 25–40 day-old ducklings in Shandong province, characterized similar symptom to HHS. In order to determine the pathogenic mechanism of FAdV-4 (SDSX strain) in meat ducks. We divided 90 25-day-old Cherry Valley meat ducks into three groups (oral, subcutaneous, and control; 30 ducks in each group) and infected them with the virus. HHS, inclusion body hepatitis, and enlargement and hemorrhage of the spleen, kidney, lung, thymus, and brain were observed in FAdV-4-infected meat ducks. Histopathological changes were mainly characterized by severe fatty degeneration in the liver, basophilic inclusion bodies in hepatocytes, and vacuolation in the bursa. More importantly, viral DNA could be detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in several viscera tissues (e.g., heart, liver, spleen) on the third day after infection. Notably, the livers of the two infected groups contained the highest concentration of viral DNA. In addition, immune responses were studied based on titer levels of the virus antibody and the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and most levels were significantly upregulated, indicating that the host immune responses were activated early in infection. These findings increase our understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 (SDSX) in meat ducks and provide the foundation for further in-depth study of the pathogenic mechanism of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanliu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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54
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Urea Memory: Transient Cell Exposure to Urea Causes Persistent Mitochondrial ROS Production and Endothelial Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100410. [PMID: 30314315 PMCID: PMC6215169 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea at post-dialysis levels induces increased ROS in a number of cell types. The aim of this study was to determine whether urea-induced production of ROS remains elevated after urea is no longer present, and, if it does, to characterize its origin and effects. Human arterial endothelial cells were incubated with 20 mM urea for two days, and then cells were incubated for an additional two days in medium alone. Maximal ROS levels induced by initial urea continued at the same level despite urea being absent. These effects were prevented by either MnSOD expression or by Nox1/4 inhibition with GKT13781. Sustained urea-induced ROS caused a persistent reduction in mtDNA copy number and electron transport chain transcripts, a reduction in transcription of mitochondrial fusion proteins, an increase in mitochondrial fission proteins, and persistent expression of endothelial inflammatory markers. The SOD-catalase mimetic MnTBAP reversed each of these. These results suggest that persistent increases in ROS after cells are no long exposed to urea may play a major role in continued kidney damage and functional decline despite reduction of urea levels after dialysis.
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55
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Liu YL, Liu R, Qin Y, Qiu QF, Chen Z, Cheng SB, Huang WH. Flexible Electrochemical Urea Sensor Based on Surface Molecularly Imprinted Nanotubes for Detection of Human Sweat. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13081-13087. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quan-Fa Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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56
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Seyedsadjadi N, Berg J, Bilgin AA, Braidy N, Salonikas C, Grant R. High protein intake is associated with low plasma NAD+ levels in a healthy human cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201968. [PMID: 30114226 PMCID: PMC6095538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High protein intake and reduced levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) have both been independently associated with promotion of the ageing phenotype. However, it has not yet been shown whether these two independent observations are biochemically linked. To investigate this possibility, we used a cross-sectional study design of 100 apparently healthy middle-aged males (n = 48) and females, in which we assessed average dietary intakes of multiple components using a validated questionnaire. We also analysed fasting blood levels of urea, NAD+ and its metabolites, and inflammation-linked biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), Kynurenine (Kyn), and Tryptophan (Trp). One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were then performed for statistical analysis. Our results have shown for the first time that plasma levels of NAD+ and Total NAD(H) were lower with increasing protein intake (F (2, 92) = 4.61, P = 0.012; F (2, 92) = 4.55, P = 0.013, respectively). The associated decrease in NAD+ and NAD(H) levels was even stronger with increasing plasma levels of the protein breakdown product urea (F (2, 93) = 25.11, P≤0.001; F (2, 93) = 21.10, P≤0.001). These associations were all independent of age, gender and energy intake. However, no significant association was observed between protein intake or plasma urea, and plasma levels of NAD+ metabolites. We also observed that plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and both Kyn, and Trp, but not the Kyn/Trp ratio were higher with increasing plasma urea levels (F (2, 94) = 3.30, P = 0.041; F (2, 95) = 7.41, P≤0.001; F (2, 96) = 4.23, P = 0.017, respectively). These associations were dependent on eGFR and energy intake, except for the urea and Trp association that was independent of all. In conclusion, we report for the first time, a novel association between protein intake, its metabolism, and plasma NAD+ levels with a possible link to inflammation. These findings provide further insight into how protein restriction may contribute to the anti-ageing process observed in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Seyedsadjadi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ayse A. Bilgin
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Salonikas
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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57
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Söğütdelen E, Yildirim T, Haberal HB, Canpolat U, Hazirolan T, Doğan HS, Yilmaz ŞR, Erdem Y, Aki FT. Donor Nephrectomy May Compromise the Cardiovascular System: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2018; 19:237-243. [PMID: 30084761 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2018.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the short-term effects of donor nephrectomy on the cardiovascular system and to gain a better understanding of the recently recognized long-term increased risk of end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Living kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomy between January 2010 and January 2015 at the Hacettepe University Transplantation Unit were retrospectively screened. Echocardiographic parameters, kidney volumes, and renal functions before nephrectomy were compared with measurements after nephrectomy. Flow-mediated dilatation values of living kidney donors were compared with healthy individuals. RESULTS The study included 73 female and 31 male living kidney donors with a mean age of 46.1 ± 10.8 years. In the comparative analysis of donors versus 35 healthy individuals, the changes in flow-mediated dilatation were 12.3 ± 5.7% and 15.4 ± 6.3%, respectively (P = .016). In the comparative analysis of preoperative versus the last visit transthoracic echocardiographic results, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters decreased and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and septum thickness increased (P = .025, P = .002, P = .026, and P = .019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nephrectomy may cause several hemodynamic changes in living kidney donors, which may exacerbate cardiovascular risks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrullah Söğütdelen
- From the Department of Urology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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58
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Velasquez MT, Centron P, Barrows I, Dwivedi R, Raj DS. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Uremic Toxicities. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E287. [PMID: 29997362 PMCID: PMC6071268 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous CVD risk factors in CKD patients have been described, but these do not fully explain the high pervasiveness of CVD or increased mortality rates in CKD patients. In CKD the loss of urinary excretory function results in the retention of various substances referred to as "uremic retention solutes". Many of these molecules have been found to exert toxicity on virtually all organ systems of the human body, leading to the clinical syndrome of uremia. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has been accumulated that suggests that uremic toxins may contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden associated with CKD. This review examined the evidence from several clinical and experimental studies showing an association between uremic toxins and CVD. Special emphasis is addressed on emerging data linking gut microbiota with the production of uremic toxins and the development of CKD and CVD. The biological toxicity of some uremic toxins on the myocardium and the vasculature and their possible contribution to cardiovascular injury in uremia are also discussed. Finally, various therapeutic interventions that have been applied to effectively reduce uremic toxins in patients with CKD, including dietary modifications, use of prebiotics and/or probiotics, an oral intestinal sorbent that adsorbs uremic toxins and precursors, and innovative dialysis therapies targeting the protein-bound uremic toxins are also highlighted. Future studies are needed to determine whether these novel therapies to reduce or remove uremic toxins will reduce CVD and related cardiovascular events in the long-term in patients with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T Velasquez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Patricia Centron
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Ian Barrows
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Rama Dwivedi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Dominic S Raj
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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59
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Sun J, Lv J, Zhang W, Li L, Lv J, Geng Y, Yin A. Combination with miR-124a improves the protective action of BMSCs in rescuing injured rat podocytes from abnormal apoptosis and autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7166-7176. [PMID: 29904949 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study was performed to identify the role of miR-124a in bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) therapy for H2 O2 -induced rat podocyte injury, and determine whether combination treatment with miR-124a could improve the protective effect of BMSCs. Cell viability of podocytes was detected by CCK-8 assay. Detection of ROS level, apoptotic rate, and autophagy rate was carried out using flow cytometry assays. Oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using the ELISA assays. MiR-124a and mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Protein expression was detected using Western blotting. Our study revealed a pivotal role of miR-124a in the protective action of BMSCs on podocyte injury driven by oxidative stress. BMSCs could rescue injured podocytes from aberrant apoptosis and autophagy by regulating cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3-II/I, and p62. Suppression of the PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is likely one of the main mechanisms underlying the protective action of BMSCs transfected with miR-124a. Our study revealed that miR-124a further improves the protective effect of BMSCs in injured podocytes. Thus, the combination of BMSCs and microRNAs could be a beneficial treatment for renal diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingzhou Geng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aiping Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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60
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Li Y, Xia W, Zhao F, Wen Z, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang Y. Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26586-26602. [PMID: 29899878 PMCID: PMC5995175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid via the sequential catalyzation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and specific prostaglandin synthases. There are five subtypes of PGs, namely PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). PGs exert distinct roles by combining to a diverse family of membrane-spanning G protein-coupled prostanoid receptors. The distribution of these PGs, their specific synthases and receptors vary a lot in the kidney. This review summarized the recent findings of PGs together with the COXs and their specific synthases and receptors in regulating renal function and highlighted the insights into their roles in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaoying Wen
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Castellani S, Trapani A, Spagnoletta A, di Toma L, Magrone T, Di Gioia S, Mandracchia D, Trapani G, Jirillo E, Conese M. Nanoparticle delivery of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to airway epithelial cells dampens oxidative stress and inflammation. J Transl Med 2018; 16:140. [PMID: 29792199 PMCID: PMC5966913 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic respiratory diseases, whose one of the hallmarks is oxidative stress, are still incurable and need novel therapeutic tools and pharmaceutical agents. The phenolic compounds contained in grape are endowed with well-recognized anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. Considering that natural anti-oxidants, such as proanthocyanidins, have poor water solubility and oral bioavailability, we have developed a drug delivery system based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), apt to encapsulate grape seed extract (GSE), containing proanthocyanidins. Methods Plain, 6-coumarin (6-Coum), DiR- and GSE-loaded SLN were produced with the melt-emulsion method. Physicochemical characterization of all prepared SLN was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry. MTT assay (spectrophotometry) and propidium iodide (PI) assay (cytofluorimetry) were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry coupled with cell imaging was performed for assessing apoptosis and necrosis by Annexin V/7-AAD staining (plain SLE), cell internalization (6-Coum-SLN) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (SLN-GSE). NF-κB nuclear translocation was studied by immunofluorescence. In vivo bio-imaging was used to assess lung deposition and persistence of aerosolized DiR-loaded SLN. Results Plain SLN were not cytotoxic when incubated with H441 airway epithelial cells, as judged by both PI and MTT assays as well as by apoptosis/necrosis evaluation. 6-Coum-loaded SLN were taken up by H441 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and persisted into cells at detectable levels up to 16 days. SLN were detected in mice lungs up to 6 days. SLN-GSE possessed 243 nm as mean diameter, were negatively charged, and stable in size at 37 °C in Simulated Lung Fluid up to 48 h and at 4 °C in double distilled water up to 2 months. The content of SLN in proanthocyanidins remained unvaried up to 2 months. GSE-loaded SLN determined a significant reduction in ROS production when added 24–72 h before the stimulation with hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, while at 24 h free GSE determined a higher decrease of ROS production than SLN-GSE, the contrary was seen at 48 and 72 h. Similar results were observed for NF-κB nuclear translocation. Conclusions SLN are a biocompatible drug delivery system for natural anti-oxidants obtained from grape seed in a model of oxidative stress in airway epithelial cells. They feature stability and long-term persistence inside cells where they release proanthocyanidins. These results could pave the way to novel anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies for chronic respiratory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1509-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Spagnoletta
- Laboratory "BioProducts and BioProcesses", ENEA Research Centre Trisaia, Rotondella, MT, Italy
| | - L di Toma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - T Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - S Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - D Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - E Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, a Driver or an Innocent Bystander in Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with Hypertension? Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:64. [PMID: 28717886 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension (htn) is a polygenic disorder that effects up to one third of the US population. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a homeostatic pathway that regulates membrane structure, protein folding, and secretory function. Emerging evidence suggests that ER stress may induce endothelial dysfunction; however, it is unclear whether ER stress-associated endothelial dysfunction modulates htn. RECENT FINDINGS Exogenous and endogenous molecules activate ER stress in the endothelium, and ER stress mediates some forms of neurogenic htn, such as angiotensin II-dependent htn. Human studies suggest that ER stress induces endothelial dysfunction, though direct evidence that ER stress augments blood pressure in humans is lacking. However, animal and cellular models demonstrate direct evidence that ER stress influences htn. ER stress is likely one of many players in a complex interplay among molecular pathways that influence the expression of htn. Targeted activation of specific ER stress pathways may provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Vanholder R, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G. Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10010033. [PMID: 29316724 PMCID: PMC5793120 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biological systems of the 11 considered. The inflammatory, cardio-vascular and fibrogenic systems were those most frequently affected and they are one by one major actors in the high morbidity and mortality of CKD but also the mechanisms that have most frequently been studied. A scoring system was built with the intention to classify the reviewed compounds according to the experimental evidence of their toxicity (number of systems affected) and overall experimental and clinical evidence. Among the highest globally scoring solutes were 3 small water-soluble compounds [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO); uric acid], 6 protein bound compounds or groups of protein bound compounds [advanced glycation end products (AGEs); p-cresyl sulfate; indoxyl sulfate; indole acetic acid; the kynurenines; phenyl acetic acid;] and 3 middle molecules [β2-microglobulin; ghrelin; parathyroid hormone). In general, more experimental data were provided for the protein bound molecules but for almost half of them clinical evidence was missing in spite of robust experimental data. The picture emanating is one of a complex disorder, where multiple factors contribute to a multisystem complication profile, so that it seems of not much use to pursue a decrease of concentration of a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Schepers
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Giardino I, D'Apolito M, Brownlee M, Maffione AB, Colia AL, Sacco M, Ferrara P, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Vascular toxicity of urea, a new "old player" in the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure induced cardiovascular diseases. Turk Arch Pediatr 2017; 52:187-193. [PMID: 29483797 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2017.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease in children is an irreversible process that may lead to end-stage renal disease. The mortality rate in children with end-stage renal disease who receive dialysis increased dramatically in the last decade, and it is significantly higher compared with the general pediatric population. Furthermore, dialysis and transplant patients, who have developed end-stage renal disease during childhood, live respectively far less as compared with age/race-matched populations. Different reports show that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in children with end-stage renal disease and in adults with childhood-onset chronic kidney disease, and that children with chronic kidney disease are in the highest risk group for the development of cardiovascular disease. Urea, which is generated in the liver during catabolism of amino acids and other nitrogenous metabolites, is normally excreted into the urine by the kidneys as rapidly as it is produced. When renal function is impaired, increasing concentrations of blood urea will steadily accumulate. For a long time, urea has been considered to have negligible toxicity. However, the finding that plasma urea is the only significant predictor of aortic plaque area fraction in an animal model of chronic renal failure -accelerated atherosclerosis, suggests that the high levels of urea found in chronic dialysis patients might play an important role in accelerated atherosclerosis in this group of patients. The aim of this review was to provide novel insights into the role played by urea in the pathogenesis of accelerated cardiovascular disease in renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Giardino
- Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Department of Pediatrics. Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Diabetes Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Colia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics. Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Campus Bio-Medico University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- Department of Pediatrics. Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Italy.,European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany
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Huang MJ, Wei RB, Zhao J, Su TY, Li QP, Yang X, Chen XM. Albuminuria and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4447-4453. [PMID: 28915230 PMCID: PMC5612264 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albuminuria has been associated with cardiovascular events, but whether such an association can be explained by endothelial dysfunction is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and biomarkers of endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The cross-sectional associations of renal dysfunction and UACR with procoagulant and inflammatory factors were evaluated for 151 consecutive CKD (stage 3-5) patients. Subjects were grouped by UACR (≤300 mg/g or >300 mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (30≤ eGFR <60, 15≤ eGFR <30, or eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m²). RESULTS A higher UACR level was associated with an increase in von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF: Ag) levels, vWF activity, factor VIII, interleukin-2, and log (interleukin-6), even after adjustment for risk factors. Linear regression analysis indicated that for every 88.5 mg/g increase in UACR, the vWF activity and factor VIII were elevated by 8.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The factorial design ANOVA data showed no statistically significant interaction between UACR and CKD stage with procoagulant and inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows an eGFR-independent association of higher UACR with elevations in markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory factors in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ri-Bao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ting-Yu Su
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Mitsides N, Cornelis T, Broers NJH, Diederen NMP, Brenchley P, van der Sande FM, Schalkwijk CG, Kooman JP, Mitra S. Extracellular overhydration linked with endothelial dysfunction in the context of inflammation in haemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183281. [PMID: 28829810 PMCID: PMC5568741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemodialysis (HD) patients are predisposed to dysregulated fluid balance leading to extracellular water (ECW) expansion. Fluid overload has been closely linked with outcome in these patients. This has mainly been attributed to cardiac volume overload, but the relation between abnormalities in fluid status with micro- and macrovascular dysfunction has not been studied in detail. We studied the interaction of macro- and microvascular factors in states of normal and over- hydration in HD-dependent CKD. METHODS Fluid compartments [total body water (TBW) and ECW] and overhydration index (OH) were measured with Multifrequency bio-impedance (BCM). Overhydration was defined as OH/ECW>7%. Overhydration was also assessed using the ECW/TBW ratio. Macrocirculation was assessed by pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements while microcirculation through sublingual capillaroscopy assessment of the Perfused Boundary Region of the endothelial glycocalyx (PBR 5-25mcg). A panel of pro-inflammatory and vascular serum biomarkers and growth factors was analysed. RESULTS Of 72 HD participants, 30 were in normohydration (N) range and 42 overhydrated according to the OH/ECW ratio. Average ECW/TBW was 0.48±0.03. Overhydrated patients had higher MAP (122.9±22.5 v 111.7±22.2mmHg, p = 0.04) and comorbidities (median Davies score 1.5 v 1.0, p = 0.03). PWV (p = 0.25) and PBR 5-25mcg (p = 0.97) did not differ between the 2 groups. However, Vascular Adhesion Molecule (VCAM)-1, Interleukin-6 and Thrombomodulin, and reduced Leptin were observed in the overhydrated group. Elevation in VCAM-1 levels (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06; p = 0.02) showed a strong independent association with OH/ECW>7% in an adjusted logistic regression analysis and exhibited a strong linear relationship with ECW/TBW (Bata = 0.210, p = 0.03) in an also adjusted model. CONCLUSION Extracellular fluid overload is significantly linked to microinflammation and markers of endothelial dysfunction. The study provides novel insight in the cardiovascular risk profile associated with overhydration in uraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Mitsides
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Nephrology Department, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Devices for Dignity Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Natascha J. H. Broers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nanda M. P. Diederen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paul Brenchley
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Nephrology Department, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M. van der Sande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P. Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sandip Mitra
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Nephrology Department, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Devices for Dignity Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Carbonylated Proteins as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Selected Atherosclerosis-Mediated Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4975264. [PMID: 28884122 PMCID: PMC5572583 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4975264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The main question of this study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative protein modification shown as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and carbonylated proteins, expressed as protein carbonyl content (C=O) in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design and Methods The study was carried out in a group of 35 AAA patients and 13 AIOD patients. However, CKD patients were divided into two groups: predialysis (PRE) included 50 patients or hemodialysis (HD) consisted of 34 patients. AOPP and C=O were measured using colorimetric assay kit, while C-reactive protein concentration was measured by high-sensitivity assay (hsCRP). Results The concentration of AOPP in both AAA and AIOD groups was higher than in PRE and HD groups according to descending order: AAA~AIOD > HD > PRE. The content of C=O was higher in the PRE group in comparison to AIOD and AAA according to the descending order: PRE~HD > AAA~AIOD. Conclusions AAA, AIOD, and CKD-related atherosclerosis (PRE and HD) contribute to the changes in the formation of AOPP and C=O. They may promote modification of proteins in a different way, probably due to the various factors that influence oxidative stress here.
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68
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Delanghe S, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Van Biesen W, Speeckaert MM. Mechanisms and consequences of carbamoylation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:580-593. [PMID: 28757635 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbamoylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that binds isocyanic acid, which can be derived from the dissociation of urea or from the myeloperoxidase-mediated catabolism of thiocyanate, to the free amino groups of a multitude of proteins. Although the term 'carbamoylation' is usually replaced by the term "carbamylation" in the literature, carbamylation refers to a different chemical reaction (the reversible interaction of CO2 with α and ε-amino groups of proteins). Depending on the altered molecule (for example, collagen, erythropoietin, haemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein), carbamoylation can have different pathophysiological effects. Carbamoylated proteins have been linked to atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, immune system dysfunction (such as inhibition of the classical complement pathway, inhibition of complement-dependent rituximab cytotoxicity, reduced oxidative neutrophil burst, and the formation of anti-carbamoylated protein antibodies) and renal fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the carbamoylation process and evaluate the available biomarkers of carbamoylation (for example, homocitrulline, the percentage of carbamoylated albumin, carbamoylated haemoglobin, and carbamoylated low-density lipoprotein). We also discuss the relationship between carbamoylation and the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and assess the effects of strategies to lower the carbamoylation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Delanghe
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Urea, a true uremic toxin: the empire strikes back. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:3-12. [PMID: 27872172 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood levels of urea rise with progressive decline in kidney function. Older studies examining acute urea infusion suggested that urea was well-tolerated at levels 8-10× above normal values. More recent in vitro and in vivo work argue the opposite and demonstrate both direct and indirect toxicities of urea, which probably promote the premature aging phenotype that is pervasive in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated urea at concentrations typically encountered in uremic patients induces disintegration of the gut epithelial barrier, leading to translocation of bacterial toxins into the bloodstream and systemic inflammation. Urea induces apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as endothelial dysfunction, thus directly promoting cardiovascular disease. Further, urea stimulates oxidative stress and dysfunction in adipocytes, leading to insulin resistance. Finally, there are widespread indirect effects of elevated urea as a result of the carbamylation reaction, where isocyanic acid (a product of urea catabolism) alters the structure and function of proteins in the body. Carbamylation has been linked with renal fibrosis, atherosclerosis and anaemia. In summary, urea is a re-emerging Dark Force in CKD pathophysiology. Trials examining low protein diet to minimize accumulation of urea and other toxins suggest a clinical benefit in terms of slowing progression of CKD.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenic events responsible for the reduction of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number and function seen in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are poorly understood. Here we investigate the hypothesis that increased concentrations of urea associated with CRF increase ROS production directly in EPCs, causing abnormalities associated with coronary artery disease risk. METHODS Human EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and cultured in the presence or absence of 20 mmol/L urea. RESULTS Urea at concentrations seen in CRF induced ROS production in cultured EPCs. Urea-induced ROS reduced the number of endothelial cell colony forming units, uptake and binding of Dil-Ac-LDL and lectin-1, and the ability to differentiate into CD31- and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive cells. Moreover, urea-induced ROS generation accelerated the onset of EPC senescence, leading to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Normalization of mitochondrial ROS production prevented each of these effects of urea. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that urea itself causes both reduced EPC number and increased EPC dysfunction, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in CRF patients.
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Fanelli C, Arias SCA, Machado FG, Okuma JK, Malheiros DMAC, Azevedo H, Moreira-Filho CA, Camara NOS, Fujihara CK, Zatz R. Innate And Adaptive Immunity are Progressively Activated in Parallel with Renal Injury in the 5/6 Renal Ablation Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3192. [PMID: 28600543 PMCID: PMC5466605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms triggering renal inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. We performed a detailed analysis of the time course of innate and adaptive immunity activation in the 5/6 renal ablation (Nx) model. Munich-Wistar rats undergoing Nx were studied 15, 60 and 120 days after ablation. Hypertension, albuminuria, creatinine retention, interstitial expansion and infiltration by macrophages and T-lymphocytes were already evident 15 days after Nx. PCR-array was used to screen for altered gene expression, whereas gene and protein expressions of TLR4, CASP1, IL-1β and NLRP3 were individually assessed. Tlr4, Tlr5, Lbp, Nlrp3, Casp1, Irf7 and Il1b were already upregulated 15 days after Nx, while activation of Tlr2, Tlr7, Tlr9, Nod2, Tnf and Il6 was seen after 60 days post-ablation. The number of genes related to innate or adaptive immunity grew steadily with time. These observations indicate that parallel activation of innate and adaptive immunity antecedes glomerular injury and involves a growing number of intricate signaling pathways, helping to explain the difficulty in detaining renal injury in Nx as CKD advances, and, stressing the need for early treatment. Additionally, these findings may contribute to the search of therapeutic targets specific for advanced phases of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fanelli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jessica K Okuma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Zatz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Miranda A, Cordeiro T, dos Santos Lacerda Soares TM, Ferreira R, Simões e Silva A. Kidney–brain axis inflammatory cross-talk: from bench to bedside. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1093-1105. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This risk is generally explained by the high prevalence of both symptomatic and subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. However, other potential mechanisms, including cytokine/chemokine release, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), circulating and local formation of trophic factors and of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, could also be involved, especially in the absence of obvious cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence for the role of these mechanisms in kidney–brain cross-talk. In addition, we hypothesize potential pathways for the interactions between kidney and brain and their pathophysiological role in neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes found in patients with CKD. Understanding the pathophysiologic interactions between renal impairment and brain function is important in order to minimize the risk for future cognitive impairment and to develop new strategies for innovative pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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73
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Kalaska B, Pawlak K, Oksztulska-Kolanek E, Domaniewski T, Znorko B, Karbowska M, Citkowska A, Rogalska J, Roszczenko A, Brzoska MM, Pawlak D. A link between central kynurenine metabolism and bone strength in rats with chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3199. [PMID: 28439468 PMCID: PMC5401623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism represent one of the most complex complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serotonin, a monoamine synthesized from tryptophan, may play a potential role in bone metabolism. Brain-derived serotonin exerts a positive effect on the bone structure by limiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Tryptophan is the precursor not only to the serotonin but also and primarily to kynurenine metabolites. The ultimate aim of the present study was to determine the association between central kynurenine metabolism and biomechanical as well as geometrical properties of bone in the experimental model of the early stage of CKD. METHODS Thirty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham-operated and subtotal nephrectomized animals). Three months after surgery, serum samples were obtained for the determination of biochemical parameters, bone turnover biomarkers, and kynurenine pathway metabolites; tibias were collected for bone biomechanical, bone geometrical, and bone mass density analysis; brains were removed and divided into five regions for the determination of kynurenine pathway metabolites. RESULTS Subtotal nephrectomized rats presented higher serum concentrations of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and parathyroid hormone, and developed hypocalcemia. Several biomechanical and geometrical parameters were significantly elevated in rats with experimentally induced CKD. Subtotal nephrectomized rats presented significantly higher kynurenine concentrations and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and significantly lower tryptophan levels in all studied parts of the brain. Kynurenine in the frontal cortex and tryptophan in the hypothalamus and striatum correlated positively with the main parameters of bone biomechanics and bone geometry. DISCUSSION In addition to the complex mineral, hormone, and metabolite changes, intensified central kynurenine turnover may play an important role in the development of bone changes in the course of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oksztulska-Kolanek
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Citkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Roszczenko
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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74
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Strazhesko ID, Tkacheva ON, Akasheva DU, Dudinskaya EN, Plokhova EV, Pykhtina VS, Kruglikova AS, Kokshagina NV, Sharashkina NV, Agaltsov MV, Kashtanova DA, Vygodin VA, Ozerova IN, Skvortsov DA, Vasilkova D, Boytsov SA. Atorvastatin Therapy Modulates Telomerase Activity in Patients Free of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:347. [PMID: 27746733 PMCID: PMC5043056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Telomerase activity (TA) is considered as the biomarker for cardiovascular aging and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies suggest a link between statins and telomere biology that may be explained by anti-inflammatory actions of statins and their positive effect on TA. Until now, this effect has not been investigated in prospective randomized studies. We hypothesized that 12 months of atorvastatin therapy increased TA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled study 100 hypercholesterolemic patients, aged 35-75 years, free of known CVDs and diabetes mellitus type 2 received 20 mg of atorvastatin daily or placebo for 12 months. TA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: At study end, 82 patients had sufficient peripheral blood mononuclear cells needed for longitudinal analysis. TA expressed as natural logarithms changed from 0.46 ± 0.05 to 0.68 ± 0.06 (p = 0.004) in the atorvastatin group and from 0.67 ± 0.06 to 0.60 ± 0.07 (p = 0.477) in the control group. In multiple regression analysis, atorvastatin therapy was the only independent predictor (p = 0.05) of the changes in TA independently of markers of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Atorvastatin therapy was associated with increases in interleukin-6 within the normal range and a tendency toward reduction in blood urea. Conclusion: These initial observations suggest atorvastatin can act as telomerase activator and potentially as effective geroprotector. Trial registration: The trial was registered in ISRCTN registry ISRCTN55050065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D. Strazhesko
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Tkacheva
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Dariga U. Akasheva
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Dudinskaya
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Plokhova
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S. Pykhtina
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna S. Kruglikova
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Kokshagina
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Sharashkina
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Agaltsov
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kashtanova
- Department of Aging and Age-Associated Diseases Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for GerontologyMoscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Vygodin
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Irina N. Ozerova
- Department of Biochemical Markers of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Research, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Daria Vasilkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Boytsov
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Molecular Genetics, National Research Center for Preventive MedicineMoscow, Russia
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75
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan G Nebigil
- From the Biotechnology and Cell Signaling Laboratory (UMR 7242), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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76
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Hansen ESS, Stewart NJ, Wild JM, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized 13 C, 15 N 2 -Urea MRI for assessment of the urea gradient in the porcine kidney. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:1895-1899. [PMID: 27670826 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A decline in cortico-medullary osmolality gradient of the kidney may serve as an early indicator of pathological disruption of the tubular reabsorption process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of hyperpolarized 13 C,15 N2 -urea MRI as a biomarker of renal function in healthy porcine kidneys resembling the human physiology. METHODS Five healthy female Danish domestic pigs (weight 30 kg) were scanned at 3 Tesla (T) using a 13 C 3D balanced steady-state MR pulse sequence following injection of hyperpolarized 13 C,15 N2 -urea via a femoral vein catheter. Images were acquired at different time points after urea injection, and following treatment with furosemide. RESULTS A gradient in cortico-medullary urea was observed with an intramedullary accumulation 75 s after injection of hyperpolarized 13 C,15 N2 -urea, whereas images acquired at earlier time points postinjection were dominated by cortical perfusion. Furosemide treatment resulted in an increased urea accumulation in the cortical space, leading to a reduction of the medullary-to-cortical signal ratio of 49%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hyperpolarized 13 C,15 N2 -urea MRI is capable of identifying the intrarenal accumulation of urea and can differentiate acute renal functional states in multipapillary kidneys, highlighting the potential for human translation. Magn Reson Med 76:1895-1899, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S S Hansen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Neil J Stewart
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jim M Wild
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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77
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Koppe L, Nyam E, Vivot K, Manning Fox JE, Dai XQ, Nguyen BN, Trudel D, Attané C, Moullé VS, MacDonald PE, Ghislain J, Poitout V. Urea impairs β cell glycolysis and insulin secretion in chronic kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3598-612. [PMID: 27525435 DOI: 10.1172/jci86181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of glucose homeostasis are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are associated with increased mortality, but the mechanisms of impaired insulin secretion in this disease remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that defective insulin secretion in CKD is caused by a direct effect of urea on pancreatic β cells. In a murine model in which CKD is induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CKD mice), we observed defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and in isolated islets. Similarly, insulin secretion was impaired in normal mouse and human islets that were cultured with disease-relevant concentrations of urea and in islets from normal mice treated orally with urea for 3 weeks. In CKD mouse islets as well as urea-exposed normal islets, we observed an increase in oxidative stress and protein O-GlcNAcylation. Protein O-GlcNAcylation was also observed in pancreatic sections from CKD patients. Impairment of insulin secretion in both CKD mouse and urea-exposed islets was associated with reduced glucose utilization and activity of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1), which could be reversed by inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation also restored insulin secretion in both mouse models. These results suggest that insulin secretory defects associated with CKD arise from elevated circulating levels of urea that increase islet protein O-GlcNAcylation and impair glycolysis.
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78
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Nie Y, Zhang Z, Zou J, Liang Y, Cao X, Liu Z, Shen B, Chen X, Ding X. Hemodialysis-induced regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Hemodial Int 2016; 20:564-572. [PMID: 27312507 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hemodialysis (HD) patients are under observably elevated cardiovascular mortality. Cardiac dysfunction is closely related to death caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the general population, repetitive myocardial ischemia induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction may progress to irreversible loss of contraction step by step, and finally lead to cardiac death. In HD patients, to remove water and solute accumulated from 48 or 72 hours of interdialysis period in a 4-hour HD session will induce myocardial ischemia. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HD-induced LV systolic dysfunction and provide some evidences for clinical strategies. Methods We recruited 31 standard HD patients for this study from Fudan University Zhongshan hospital. Echocardiography was performed predialysis, at peak stress during HD (15 minutes prior to the end of dialysis), and 30 minutes after HD. Auto functional imaging (AFI) was used to assess the incidence and persistence of HD-induced regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs). Blood samples were drawn to measure biochemical variables. Findings Among totally 527 segments of 31 patients, 93.54% (29/31) patients and 51.40% (276/527) segments were diagnosed as RWMAs. Higher cTnT (0.060 ± 0.030 vs. 0.048 ± 0.015 ng/mL, P = 0.023), phosphate (2.07 ± 0.50 vs. 1.49 ± 0.96 mmol/L, P = 0.001), UFR (11.00 ± 3.89 vs. 8.30 ± 2.66 mL/Kg/h, P = 0.039) and lower albumin (37.83 ± 4.48 vs. 38.38 ± 2.53 g/L, P = 0.050) were found in patients with severe RWMAs (RWMAs in more than 50% segments). After univariate and multivariate analysis, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) was found as independent risk factor of severe RWMAs (OR = 1.047, 95%CI 1.155-4.732, P = 0.038). Discussion LV systolic dysfunction induced by HD is prevalent in conventional HD patients and should be paid attention to. Patients would benefit from better weight control during interdialytic period to reduce ultrafiltration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhou Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yixiu Liang
- Division of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuesen Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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79
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Massy ZA, Pietrement C, Touré F. Reconsidering the Lack of Urea Toxicity in Dialysis Patients. Semin Dial 2016; 29:333-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A. Massy
- Division of Nephrology; Ambroise Paré Hospital; APHP; Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University, UVSQ); Boulogne Billancourt/Paris France
- Inserm U-1018 Team 5; Paris-Saclay University and UVSQ; Villejuif France
| | - Christine Pietrement
- Department of Pediatrics; Nephrology Unit; University Hospital of Reims; Reims France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire; Faculté de médecine; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC); Reims France
| | - Fatouma Touré
- Laboratoire de néphrologie; Faculté de médecine; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC); Reims France
- Division of Nephrology; CHU Reims; Reims France
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80
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Malkani N, Biggar K, Shehab MA, Li SSC, Jansson T, Gupta MB. Increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in response to leucine deprivation is mediated by CK2 and PKC. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 425:48-60. [PMID: 26733150 PMCID: PMC4811673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), secreted by fetal liver, is a key regulator of IGF-I bioavailability and fetal growth. IGFBP-1 phosphorylation decreases IGF-I bioavailability and diminishes its growth-promoting effects. Growth-restricted fetuses have decreased levels of circulating essential amino acids. We recently showed that IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation (pSer101/119/169) in response to leucine deprivation is regulated via activation of the amino acid response (AAR) in HepG2 cells. Here we investigated nutrient-sensitive protein kinases CK2/PKC/PKA in mediating IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in leucine deprivation. We demonstrated that leucine deprivation stimulated CK2 activity (enzymatic assay) and induced IGFBP-1 phosphorylation (immunoblotting/MRM-MS). Inhibition (pharmacological/siRNA) of CK2/PKC, but not PKA, prevented IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in leucine deprivation. PKC inhibition also prevented leucine deprivation-stimulated CK2 activity. Functionally, leucine deprivation decreased IGF-I-induced-IGF-1R autophosphorylation when CK2/PKC were not inhibited. Our data strongly support that PKC promotes leucine deprivation-induced IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation via CK2 activation, mechanistically linking decreased amino acid availability and reduced fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Malkani
- Dept of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Dept of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Majida Abu Shehab
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Dept of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Dept of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Dept of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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