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Martínez-Vicente I, Abrisqueta M, Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, García-Borrón JC, Olivares C. Functional characterization of a C-terminal splice variant of the human melanocortin 1 receptor. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:610-615. [PMID: 32474972 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a major determinant of skin pigmentation and sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. When stimulated by its natural agonists, it promotes the switch from synthesis of poorly photoprotective and lightly colored pheomelanins to production of photoprotective and darker eumelanins. In addition to an unusually high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms, the MC1R is expressed as 3 protein-coding splice variants. Two transcripts display different 5' untranslated sequences but yield the same open reading frame corresponding to the canonical 317 aminoacids protein (termed MC1R). An alternative transcript named MC1R-203 encodes for a 382 amino acids protein of poorly characterized functional properties containing an additional 65 aminoacids C-terminal extension. Given the known roles of the MC1R C-terminal extension in forward trafficking, coupling to intracellular effectors and desensitization, the different structure of this domain in MC1R and MC1R-203 may lead to significant functional alteration(s). We have assessed the functional properties of MC1R-203, as compared with the canonical MC1R form. We show that unstimulated HBL human melanoma cells express the MC1R-203 spliceoform, although at much lower levels than canonical MC1R. When expressed in heterologous HEK293 cells, the presence of the 65 aminoacid-long cytosolic extension immediately after Cys316 in MC1R-203 did not impair the intracellular stability of the protein, but it interfered with functional coupling to the cAMP cascade and with the ubiquitylation of ARRB2 associated with MC1R desensitization. Conversely, MC1R-203 retained full capacity to activate ERK1/2 signaling. Accordingly, MC1R-203 displays biased signaling when expressed in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoya Martínez-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Abrisqueta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Calbet-Llopart N, Pascini-Garrigos M, Tell-Martí G, Potrony M, Martins da Silva V, Barreiro A, Puig S, Captier G, James I, Degardin N, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Etchevers HC, Puig-Butillé JA. Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes do not correlate with size in two cohorts of medium-to-giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:685-694. [PMID: 32323445 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are cutaneous malformations whose prevalence is inversely correlated with projected adult size. CMN are caused by somatic mutations, but epidemiological studies suggest that germline genetic factors may influence CMN development. In CMN patients from the U.K., genetic variants in MC1R, such as p.V92M and loss-of-function variants, have been previously associated with larger CMN. We analyzed the association of MC1R variants with CMN characteristics in two distinct cohorts of medium-to-giant CMN patients from Spain (N = 113) and from France, Norway, Canada, and the United States (N = 53), similar at the clinical and phenotypical level except for the number of nevi per patient. We found that the p.V92M or loss-of-function MC1R variants either alone or in combination did not correlate with CMN size, in contrast to the U.K. CMN patients. An additional case-control analysis with 259 unaffected Spanish individuals showed a higher frequency of MC1R compound heterozygous or homozygous variant genotypes in Spanish CMN patients compared to the control population (15.9% vs. 9.3%; p = .075). Altogether, this study suggests that MC1R variants are not associated with CMN size in these non-UK cohorts. Additional studies are required to define the potential role of MC1R as a risk factor in CMN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Calbet-Llopart
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirella Pascini-Garrigos
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Martí
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Martins da Silva
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Barreiro
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillaume Captier
- Plastic pediatric surgery, University of Montpellier Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle James
- Service de Chirurgie Réparatrice de l'Enfant, Clinique du Val d'Ouest, Ecully, France
| | - Nathalie Degardin
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique Réparatrice, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heather C Etchevers
- Faculté de Médecine, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Biology CORE, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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53
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Tirosh A, Jin DX, De Marco L, Laitman Y, Friedman E. Activating genomic alterations in the Gs alpha gene (GNAS) in 274 694 tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:503-516. [PMID: 32337806 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating point mutations in two codons (R201 and Q227) in the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP binding protein (GNAS) gene-coined gsp mutations-were originally reported in growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. In these tumor types, gsp activating mutations were associated with uncontrolled intracellular cAMP accumulation leading to cellular proliferation and tumor formation. Since the original description of gsp mutations in pituitary and later thyroid neoplasia, many more tumors were genotyped for these specific activating mutations. In this paradigm, GNAS is an oncogene that can be activated by other molecular mechanisms, such as DNA amplification and translocation. Herein, we describe the largest account to date of tumor types that harbor pathogenic GNAS genomic alterations (GAs) including the "classical" gsp activating point mutations, delineate some common features of these tumors, and speculate as to the possible mechanisms whereby GNAS activating GAs are associated with the various stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Tirosh
- Endocrinology Institute, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dexter X Jin
- Cancer Genomics, Foundation Medicine, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yael Laitman
- Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Ji LQ, Rao YZ, Zhang Y, Chen R, Tao YX. Regulation of melanocortin-1 receptor pharmacology by melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113291. [PMID: 31568758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) has important roles in regulating pigmentation and inflammation. Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) modulates trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling of mammalian melanocortin receptors. However, the effect of MRAP2 on fish MC1R has not been extensively studied. Herein, we cloned the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) mc1r, which had a 972 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 323 amino acids. Grouper mc1r was mainly expressed in the brain, skin, testis, spleen, head kidney, and kidney. EcoMC1R showed high constitutive activities in both Gs-cAMP and ERK1/2 pathways, which could be differentially modulated by grouper MRAP2 (EcoMRAP2). Three agonists, including α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), β-MSH, and ACTH, could bind to EcoMC1R and dose-dependently increase intracellular cAMP production. EcoMRAP2 had no effect on the IC50 in binding assay or EC50 in cAMP assay; however, it dose-dependently decreased the cell surface expression and maximal response to the three agonists. EcoMRAP2 increased basal ERK1/2 activation but did not alter α-MSH-stimulated ERK1/2 activation. This study extends the knowledge base of fish MC1R pharmacology and its regulation by MRAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying-Zhu Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States; Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai, Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 51900, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Min T, Liu M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang Z. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of poultry (Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos, Anser cygnoides domesticus) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica) melanocortin-5 receptors and their mutants. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 283:113233. [PMID: 31356812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in lipid production, skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and adipocyte lipolysis. Although multiple functions and important value of MC5R in human beings have been fully demonstrated, however, the potential molecular cloning, pharmacological characteristics and key amino acids in poultry and pig were still not fully understood. Herein, we successfully cloned MC5R genes from chicken (Gallus gallus, cMC5R), duck (Anas platyrhynchos, dMC5R), goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus, gMC5R) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica, pMC5R), and compared their genetic and protein difference with hMC5R through phylogenetic analysis and homology models. Besides, we constructed three alanine-substitution mutants for each of MC5Rs through homologous reorganization, including c/d/gMC5R-D119A/F254A/H257A and pMC5R-D204A/F339A/H342A. Subsequently, we focused our investigation on the pharmacological characterization of four wide-type MC5Rs and their mutants in HEK293T cells, including the intracellular cAMP generation and phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. The results showed that these mutants had decreased cAMP levels under the stimulation of ligands, in spite of enhanced basal activity for c/d/gF254A and pH342A, indicating their important roles in the location and activation of receptors. Notably, these MC5Rs and mutants displayed significant species-specific phenotypes in the activation of pERK1/2 with ligands, which was not completely consistent with hMC5R. These findings demonstrated that presence of interspecies differences for MC5Rs, particularly for the pERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our study expands current knowledge about the molecular and pharmacological characterization of c/d/g/pMC5Rs, providing preliminary data for MC5R-targeted drug screening or genetic breeding of economic animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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56
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Guida S, Ciardo S, De Pace B, De Carvalho N, Peccerillo F, Manfredini M, Farnetani F, Chester J, Kaleci S, Manganelli M, Guida G, Pellacani G. The influence of MC1R on dermal morphological features of photo-exposed skin in women revealed by reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1321-1327. [PMID: 31520496 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is one of the major determinants of skin pigmentation. It is a highly polymorphic gene and some of its polymorphisms have been related to specific skin phenotypes, increased risk of skin cancers and skin photoageing. Currently, its contribution to changes in dermal features in photo-exposed skin is unknown. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential correlation between MC1R status and specific healthy photo-exposed skin characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin facial features were estimated by evaluation with standard digital photography with automated features count, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 100 healthy women. Skin of the forearms was used as a control. RESULTS The study found an association between RHC MC1R polymorphisms and dermal features in photo-exposed areas being represented by increased vessel density and pixel density in OCT (P = .025 and P = .001, respectively) and increased coarse collagen in RCM (P = .034), as compared to non-RHC subjects. To our knowledge this is previously unreported. Additionally, previously reported correlations between light hair colour and pigmented spots with MC1R RHC polymorphisms have been confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the role of RHC MC1R variants in dermal variations of facial skin, as compared to non-RHC variants. To our knowledge this is previously unreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara De Pace
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nathalie De Carvalho
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Peccerillo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Manfredini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Chester
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Shaniko Kaleci
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Manganelli
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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NDP-MSH binding melanocortin-1 receptor ameliorates neuroinflammation and BBB disruption through CREB/Nr4a1/NF-κB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:192. [PMID: 31660977 PMCID: PMC6816206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are two vital mechanisms of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r) activation by Nle4-D-Phe7-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) was shown to play a neuroprotective role in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. This study aimed to investigate whether NDP-MSH could alleviate neuroinflammation and BBB disruption after experimental ICH, as well as the potential mechanisms of its neuroprotective roles. Methods Two hundred and eighteen male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to autologous blood-injection ICH model. NDP-MSH, an agonist of Mc1r, was administered intraperitoneally injected at 1 h after ICH insult. To further explore the related protective mechanisms, Mc1r small interfering RNA (Mc1r siRNA) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (Nr4a1) siRNA were administered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection before ICH induction. Neurological test, BBB permeability, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis were implemented. Results The Expression of Mc1r was significantly increased after ICH. Mc1r was mainly expressed in microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells following ICH. Treatment with NDP-MSH remarkably improved neurological function and reduced BBB disruption, brain water content, and the number of microglia in the peri-hematoma tissue after ICH. Meanwhile, the administration of NDP-MSH significantly reduced the expression of p-NF-κB p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 and increased the expression of p-CREB, Nr4a1, ZO-1, occludin, and Lama5. Inversely, the knockdown of Mc1r or Nr4a1 abolished the neuroprotective effects of NDP-MSH. Conclusions Taken together, NDP-MSH binding Mc1r attenuated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption and improved neurological deficits, at least in part through CREB/Nr4a1/NF-κB pathway after ICH.
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58
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Fufa TD, Baxter LL, Wedel JC, Gildea DE, Loftus SK, Pavan WJ. MEK inhibition remodels the active chromatin landscape and induces SOX10 genomic recruitment in BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:50. [PMID: 31399133 PMCID: PMC6688322 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is an essential regulator of numerous cell processes that are crucial for normal development as well as cancer progression. While much is known regarding MAPK/ERK signal conveyance from the cell membrane to the nucleus, the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that govern gene expression downstream of MAPK signaling are not fully elucidated. Results This study employed an integrated epigenome analysis approach to interrogate the effects of MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition on the global transcriptome, the active chromatin landscape, and protein–DNA interactions in 501mel melanoma cells. Treatment of these cells with the small-molecule MEK inhibitor AZD6244 induces hyperpigmentation, widespread gene expression changes including alteration of genes linked to pigmentation, and extensive epigenomic reprogramming of transcriptionally distinct regulatory regions associated with the active chromatin mark H3K27ac. Regulatory regions with differentially acetylated H3K27ac regions following AZD6244 treatment are enriched in transcription factor binding motifs of ETV/ETS and ATF family members as well as the lineage-determining factors MITF and SOX10. H3K27ac-dense enhancer clusters known as super-enhancers show similar transcription factor motif enrichment, and furthermore, these super-enhancers are associated with genes encoding MITF, SOX10, and ETV/ETS proteins. Along with genome-wide resetting of the active enhancer landscape, MEK inhibition also results in widespread SOX10 recruitment throughout the genome, including increased SOX10 binding density at H3K27ac-marked enhancers. Importantly, these MEK inhibitor-responsive enhancers marked by H3K27ac and occupied by SOX10 are located near melanocyte lineage-specific and pigmentation genes and overlap numerous human SNPs associated with pigmentation and melanoma phenotypes, highlighting the variants located within these regions for prioritization in future studies. Conclusions These results reveal the epigenetic reprogramming underlying the re-activation of melanocyte pigmentation and developmental transcriptional programs in 501mel cells in response to MEK inhibition and suggest extensive involvement of a MEK-SOX10 axis in the regulation of these processes. The dynamic chromatin changes identified here provide a rich genomic resource for further analyses of the molecular mechanisms governing the MAPK pathway in pigmentation- and melanocyte-associated diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-019-0297-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen D Fufa
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julia C Wedel
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Derek E Gildea
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Stacie K Loftus
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Tang L, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Y, Su J, Zhang J, Peng C, Chen X. N-Glycosylation in progression of skin cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 36:50. [PMID: 31037368 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer can be classified as cutaneous malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the high level of morbidity and mortality, skin cancer has become a global public health issue worldwide while the pathogenesis of skin cancer is still unclear. It is necessary to further identify the pathogenesis of skin cancer and find candidate targets to diagnose and treat skin cancer. A variety of factors are known to be associated with skin cancer including N-glycosylation, which partly explained the malignant behaviors of skin cancer. In this review, we retrieved databases such as PubMed and Web of Science to elucidate its relationship between glycosylation and skin cancer. We summarized some key glycosyltransferases and proteins during the process of N-glycosylation related to skin cancer, which was helpful to unmask the additional mechanism of skin cancer and find some novel targets of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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60
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Domyan ET, Hardy J, Wright T, Frazer C, Daniels J, Kirkpatrick J, Kirkpatrick J, Wakamatsu K, Hill JT. SOX10 regulates multiple genes to direct eumelanin versus pheomelanin production in domestic rock pigeon. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:634-642. [PMID: 30838786 PMCID: PMC6850303 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) has been bred for hundreds of years to display an immense variety of ornamental attributes such as feather color and color patterns. Color is influenced by multiple loci that impact the type and amount of melanin deposited on the feathers. Pigeons homozygous for the "recessive red" mutation, which causes downregulation of Sox10, display brilliant red feathers instead of blue/black feathers. Sox10 encodes a transcription factor important for melanocyte differentiation and function, but the genes that mediate its promotion of black versus red pigment are unknown. Here, we present a transcriptomic comparison of regenerating feathers from wild-type and recessive red pigeons to identify candidate SOX10 targets. Our results identify both known and novel targets, including many genes not previously implicated in pigmentation. These data highlight the value of using novel, emerging model organisms to gain insight into the genetic basis of pigment variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Domyan
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | - Jeremy Hardy
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | - Tanner Wright
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | - Cody Frazer
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | - Jordan Daniels
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah
| | | | | | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jonathon T Hill
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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61
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Zhou D, Ota K, Nardin C, Feldman M, Widman A, Wind O, Simon A, Reilly M, Levin LR, Buck J, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Zippin JH. Mammalian pigmentation is regulated by a distinct cAMP-dependent mechanism that controls melanosome pH. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/555/eaau7987. [PMID: 30401788 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of melanin increases skin pigmentation and reduces the risk of skin cancer. Melanin production depends on the pH of melanosomes, which are more acidic in lighter-skinned than in darker-skinned people. We showed that inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) controlled pigmentation by increasing the pH of melanosomes both in cells and in vivo. Distinct from the canonical melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-dependent cAMP pathway that controls pigmentation by altering gene expression, we found that inhibition of sAC increased pigmentation by increasing the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, which is more active at basic pH. We demonstrated that the effect of sAC activity on pH and melanin production in human melanocytes depended on the skin color of the donor. Last, we identified sAC inhibitors as a new class of drugs that increase melanosome pH and pigmentation in vivo, suggesting that pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway may affect skin cancer risk or pigmentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Koji Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Charlee Nardin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Michelle Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adam Widman
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Olivia Wind
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amanda Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michael Reilly
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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62
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Jarrett SG, Carter KM, Bautista RM, He D, Wang C, D'Orazio JA. Sirtuin 1-mediated deacetylation of XPA DNA repair protein enhances its interaction with ATR protein and promotes cAMP-induced DNA repair of UV damage. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19025-19037. [PMID: 30327428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blunted melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) signaling promotes melanocyte genomic instability in part by attenuating cAMP-mediated DNA repair responses, particularly nucleotide excision repair (NER), which recognizes and clears mutagenic photodamage. cAMP-enhanced NER is mediated by interactions between the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) proteins. We now report a critical role for sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in regulating ATR-mediated phosphorylation of XPA. SIRT1 deacetylates XPA at residues Lys-63, Lys-67, and Lys-215 to promote interactions with ATR. Mutant XPA containing acetylation mimetics at residues Lys-63, Lys-67, and Lys-215 exhibit blunted UV-dependent ATR-XPA interactions even in the presence of cAMP signals. ATR-mediated phosphorylation of XPA on Ser-196 enhances cAMP-mediated optimization of NER and is promoted by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of XPA on Lys-63, Lys-67, and Lys-215. Interference with ATR-mediated XPA phosphorylation at Ser-196 by persistent acetylation of XPA at Lys-63, Lys-67, and Lys-215 delays repair of UV-induced DNA damage and attenuates cAMP-enhanced NER. Our study identifies a regulatory ATR-SIRT1-XPA axis in cAMP-mediated regulation melanocyte genomic stability, involving SIRT1-mediated deacetylation (Lys-63, Lys-67, and Lys-215) and ATR-dependent phosphorylation (Ser-196) post-translational modifications of the core NER factor XPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Jarrett
- From the Markey Cancer Center and .,the Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology
| | | | | | - Daheng He
- From the Markey Cancer Center and.,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Chi Wang
- From the Markey Cancer Center and.,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | - John A D'Orazio
- From the Markey Cancer Center and .,the Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology.,Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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63
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Leysen H, van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Santos-Otte P, Martin B, Maudsley S. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems as Crucial Regulators of DNA Damage Response Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2919. [PMID: 30261591 PMCID: PMC6213947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated proteins represent one of the most diverse cellular signaling systems involved in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Aging represents perhaps the most complex biological process in humans and involves a progressive degradation of systemic integrity and physiological resilience. This is in part mediated by age-related aberrations in energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, protein folding and sorting, inflammatory activity and genomic stability. Indeed, an increased rate of unrepaired DNA damage is considered to be one of the 'hallmarks' of aging. Over the last two decades our appreciation of the complexity of GPCR signaling systems has expanded their functional signaling repertoire. One such example of this is the incipient role of GPCRs and GPCR-interacting proteins in DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Emerging data now suggest that GPCRs could function as stress sensors for intracellular damage, e.g., oxidative stress. Given this role of GPCRs in the DNA damage response process, coupled to the effective history of drug targeting of these receptors, this suggests that one important future activity of GPCR therapeutics is the rational control of DNA damage repair systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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64
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Sikora M, Rudnicka L, Borkowska B, Kardynał A, Słowińska M, Rakowska A, Warszawik-Hendzel O, Wiergowska A, Ługowska I, Rutkowski P, Dębniak T, Lubiński J, Olszewska M. Genetic polymorphisms may influence the vertical growth rate of melanoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:3078-3083. [PMID: 30210630 PMCID: PMC6134810 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Identification of new predictive markers in melanoma is of great clinical importance. This study was aimed to analyze association between selected common variants in the cancer susceptibility genes and melanoma progression at the time of diagnosis. Material and Method: The study included 243 consecutive patients with melanoma. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Results: Our data revealed modest association between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) codon 312 polymorphism and tumor thickness (as defined by Breslow score; XPD D312N CC: 3.00 ± 3.78mm, CT: 1.71 ± 2.48mm, TT: 2,53 ± 3,24mm, P=0.023). The CT genotype in XPD D312N polymorphism was more frequently represented in non-invasive melanomas compared to deeply penetrating tumors. None of the common SNPs in cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), vitamin D receptor (VDR), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) were associated with Breslow depth. Conclusion: These findings suggest that genetic alteration in XPD contributes to melanoma progression and may be a potential diagnostic and molecular prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sikora
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Borkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kardynał
- Department of Dermatology, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Słowińska
- Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wiergowska
- Department of Dermatology, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Ługowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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65
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Micillo R, Sirés-Campos J, García-Borrón JC, Panzella L, Napolitano A, Olivares C. Conjugation with Dihydrolipoic Acid Imparts Caffeic Acid Ester Potent Inhibitory Effect on Dopa Oxidase Activity of Human Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2156. [PMID: 30042336 PMCID: PMC6121902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid derivatives represent promising lead compounds in the search for tyrosinase inhibitors to be used in the treatment of skin local hyperpigmentation associated to an overproduction or accumulation of melanin. We recently reported the marked inhibitory activity of a conjugate of caffeic acid with dihydrolipoic acid, 2-S-lipoylcaffeic acid (LCA), on the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa oxidase (DO) activities of mushroom tyrosinase. In the present study, we evaluated a more lipophilic derivative, 2-S-lipoyl caffeic acid methyl ester (LCAME), as an inhibitor of tyrosinase from human melanoma cells. Preliminary analysis of the effects of LCAME on mushroom tyrosinase indicated more potent inhibitory effects on either enzyme activities (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.01 μM for DO and 0.83 ± 0.09 μM for TH) compared with LCA and the reference compound kojic acid. The inhibition of DO of human tyrosinase was effective (Ki = 34.7 ± 1.1 μM) as well, while the action on TH was weaker. Lineweaver⁻Burk analyses indicated a competitive inhibitor mechanism. LCAME was not substrate of tyrosinase and proved nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 μM. No alteration of basal tyrosinase expression was observed after 24 h treatment of human melanoma cells with the inhibitor, but preliminary evidence suggested LCAME might impair the induction of tyrosinase expression in cells stimulated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. All these data point to this compound as a valuable candidate for further trials toward its use as a skin depigmenting agent. They also highlight the differential effects of tyrosinase inhibitors on the human and mushroom enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Micillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Spain.
| | - José Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Spain.
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Spain.
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66
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Saleh N, Kleinau G, Heyder N, Clark T, Hildebrand PW, Scheerer P. Binding, Thermodynamics, and Selectivity of a Non-peptide Antagonist to the Melanocortin-4 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 29910730 PMCID: PMC5992272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a potential drug target for treatment of obesity, anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction. Crystal structures for MC4R are not yet available, which has hindered successful structure-based drug design. Using microsecond-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, we have investigated selective binding of the non-peptide antagonist MCL0129 to a homology model of human MC4R (hMC4R). This approach revealed that, at the end of a multi-step binding process, MCL0129 spontaneously adopts a binding mode in which it blocks the agonistic-binding site. This binding mode was confirmed in subsequent metadynamics simulations, which gave an affinity for human hMC4R that matches the experimentally determined value. Extending our simulations of MCL0129 binding to hMC1R and hMC3R, we find that receptor subtype selectivity for hMC4R depends on few amino acids located in various structural elements of the receptor. These insights may support rational drug design targeting the melanocortin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldin Saleh
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Computational Modelling and Dynamics of Molecular Complexes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heyder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Computational Modelling and Dynamics of Molecular Complexes, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
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67
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Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Sánchez-Laorden B, García-Borrón JC. Functional interplay between secreted ligands and receptors in melanoma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 78:73-84. [PMID: 28676423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, results from the malignant transformation of melanocytes located in the basement membrane separating the epidermal and dermal skin compartments. Cutaneous melanoma is often initiated by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced mutations. Melanocytes intimately interact with keratinocytes, which provide growth factors and melanocortin peptides acting as paracrine regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Keratinocyte-derived melanocortins activate melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) to protect melanocytes from the carcinogenic effect of UVR. Accordingly, MC1R is a major determinant of susceptibility to melanoma. Despite extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and high mutation loads, the molecular basis of melanomagenesis and the molecules mediating the crosstalk between melanoma and stromal cells are relatively well understood. Mutations of intracellular effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling, notably NRAS and BRAF, are major driver events more frequent than mutations in RTKs. Nevertheless, melanomas often display aberrant signalling from RTKs such as KIT, ERRB1-4, FGFR, MET and PDGFR, which contribute to disease progression and resistance to targeted therapies. Progress has also been made to unravel the role of the tumour secretome in preparing the metastatic niche. However, key aspects of the melanoma-stroma interplay, such as the molecular determinants of dormancy, remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Berta Sánchez-Laorden
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - José C García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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68
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Castejón-Griñán M, Herraiz C, Olivares C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, García-Borrón JC. cAMP-independent non-pigmentary actions of variant melanocortin 1 receptor: AKT-mediated activation of protective responses to oxidative DNA damage. Oncogene 2018; 37:3631-3646. [PMID: 29622793 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), a well-established melanoma susceptibility gene, regulates the amount and type of melanin pigments formed within epidermal melanocytes. MC1R variants associated with increased melanoma risk promote the production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as opposed to photoprotective eumelanins. Wild-type (WT) MC1R activates DNA repair and antioxidant defenses in a cAMP-dependent fashion. Since melanoma-associated MC1R variants are hypomorphic in cAMP signaling, these non-pigmentary actions are thought to be defective in MC1R-variant human melanoma cells and epidermal melanocytes, consistent with a higher mutation load in MC1R-variant melanomas. We compared induction of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage responses in melanocytic cells of defined MC1R genotype. Increased expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes following MC1R activation was cAMP-dependent and required a WT MC1R genotype. Conversely, pretreatment of melanocytic cells with an MC1R agonist before an oxidative challenge with Luperox decreased (i) accumulation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine, a major product of oxidative DNA damage, (ii) phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, and (iii) formation of DNA breaks. These responses were comparable in cells WT for MC1R or harboring hypomorphic MC1R variants without detectable cAMP signaling. In MC1R-variant melanocytic cells, the DNA-protective responses were mediated by AKT. Conversely, in MC1R-WT melanocytic cells, high cAMP production downstream of MC1R blocked AKT activation and was responsible for inducing DNA repair. Accordingly, MC1R activation could promote repair of oxidative DNA damage by a cAMP-dependent pathway downstream of WT receptor, or via AKT in cells of variant MC1R genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castejón-Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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69
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Human melanocortin 1 receptor-mediated ubiquitination of nonvisual arrestins. Role of Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 E3 ligase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:76-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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Garcia-Borron JC, Jimenez-Cervantes C. Sticky fingers at work: Palmitoylation-dependent MC1R activation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:238-240. [PMID: 29044987 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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72
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Melanocortins, Melanocortin Receptors and Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7080104. [PMID: 28805746 PMCID: PMC5575624 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortins and their receptors have been extensively investigated for their roles in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, but to a lesser extent in immune cells and in the nervous system outside the hypothalamic axis. This review discusses corticosteroid dependent and independent effects of melanocortins on the peripheral immune system, central nervous system (CNS) effects mediated through neuronal regulation of immune system function, and direct effects on endogenous cells in the CNS. We have focused on the expression and function of melanocortin receptors in oligodendroglia (OL), the myelin producing cells of the CNS, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic approaches to decrease CNS damage in multiple sclerosis as well as to promote repair. It is clear that melanocortin signaling through their receptors in the CNS has potential for neuroprotection and repair in diseases like MS. Effects of melanocortins on the immune system by direct effects on the circulating cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) and by signaling through CNS cells in regions lacking a mature blood brain barrier are clear. However, additional studies are needed to develop highly effective MCR targeted therapies that directly affect endogenous cells of the CNS, particularly OL, their progenitors and neurons.
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Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) derive from cutaneous and uveal melanocytes that share the same embryonic origin and display the same cellular function. However, the etiopathogenesis and biological behaviors of these melanomas are very different. CM and UM display distinct landscapes of genetic alterations and show different metastatic routes and tropisms. Hence, therapeutic improvements achieved in the last few years for the treatment of CM have failed to ameliorate the clinical outcomes of patients with UM. The scope of this review is to discuss the differences in tumorigenic processes (etiologic factors and genetic alterations) and tumor biology (gene expression and signaling pathways) between CM and UM. We develop hypotheses to explain these differences, which might provide important clues for research avenues and the identification of actionable vulnerabilities suitable for the development of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pandiani
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume E Béranger
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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