51
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Oemer G, Edenhofer ML, Wohlfarter Y, Lackner K, Leman G, Koch J, Cardoso LHD, Lindner HH, Gnaiger E, Dubrac S, Zschocke J, Keller MA. Fatty acyl availability modulates cardiolipin composition and alters mitochondrial function in HeLa cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100111. [PMID: 34450173 PMCID: PMC8455370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular assembly of cells depends not only on the balance between anabolism and catabolism but to a large degree on the building blocks available in the environment. For cultured mammalian cells, this is largely determined by the composition of the applied growth medium. Here, we study the impact of lipids in the medium on mitochondrial membrane architecture and function by combining LC-MS/MS lipidomics and functional tests with lipid supplementation experiments in an otherwise serum-free and lipid-free cell culture model. We demonstrate that the composition of mitochondrial cardiolipins strongly depends on the lipid environment in cultured cells and favors the incorporation of essential linoleic acid over other fatty acids. Simultaneously, the mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity was altered, whereas the matrix-localized enzyme citrate synthase was unaffected. This raises the question on a link between membrane composition and respiratory control. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium. This underlines the importance of considering these factors when using and establishing cell culture models in biomedical research. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Oemer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Edenhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Wohlfarter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Geraldine Leman
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Herbert H Lindner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments Corporation, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kurokin I, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Winkler J, Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Matschke V, van der Laan M, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Targeted Lipidomics of Mitochondria in a Cellular Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081062. [PMID: 34440266 PMCID: PMC8393816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques derived from amyloidogenic processing of a precursor protein (APP). Recently, changes in mitochondrial function have become in the focus of the disease. Whereas a link between AD and lipid-homeostasis exists, little is known about potential alterations in the lipid composition of mitochondria. Here, we investigate potential changes in the main mitochondrial phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and the corresponding plasmalogens and lyso-phospholipids of a cellular AD-model (SH-SY5Y APPswedish transfected cells), comparing these results with changes in cell-homogenates. Targeted shotgun-lipidomics revealed lipid alterations to be specific for mitochondria and cannot be predicted from total cell analysis. In particular, lipids containing three and four times unsaturated fatty acids (FA X:4), such as arachidonic-acid, are increased, whereas FA X:6 or X:5, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are decreased. Additionally, PE plasmalogens are increased in contrast to homogenates. Results were confirmed in another cellular AD model, having a lower affinity to amyloidogenic APP processing. Besides several similarities, differences in particular in PE species exist, demonstrating that differences in APP processing might lead to specific changes in lipid homeostasis in mitochondria. Importantly, the observed lipid alterations are accompanied by changes in the carnitine carrier system, also suggesting an altered mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurokin
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling PZMS, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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TTAPE-Me dye is not selective to cardiolipin and binds to common anionic phospholipids nonspecifically. Biophys J 2021; 120:3776-3786. [PMID: 34280369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification, visualization, and quantitation of cardiolipin (CL) in biological membranes is of great interest because of the important structural and physiological roles of this lipid. Selective fluorescent detection of CL using noncovalently bound fluorophore 1,1,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)-phenylethene (TTAPE-Me) has been recently proposed. However, this dye was only tested on wild-type mitochondria or liposomes containing negligible amounts of other anionic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylserine (PS). No clear preference of TTAPE-Me for binding to CL compared to PG and PS was found in our experiments on artificial liposomes, Escherichia coli inside-out vesicles, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria in vitro or in situ, respectively. The shapes of the emission spectra for these anionic phospholipids were also found to be indistinguishable. Thus, TTAPE-Me is not suitable for detection, visualization, and localization of CL in the presence of other anionic lipids present in substantial physiological amounts. Our experiments and complementary molecular dynamics simulations suggest that fluorescence intensity of TTAPE-Me is regulated by dynamic equilibrium between emitting dye aggregates, stabilized by unspecific but thermodynamically favorable electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids, and nonemitting dye monomers. These results should be taken into consideration when interpreting past and future results of CL detection and localization studies with this probe in vitro and in vivo. Provided methodology emphasizes minimal experimental requirements, which should be considered as a guideline during the development of novel lipid-specific probes.
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Cardiolipin, Non-Bilayer Structures and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071721. [PMID: 34359891 PMCID: PMC8304834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review is an attempt to conceptualize a contemporary understanding about the roles that cardiolipin, a mitochondrial specific conical phospholipid, and non-bilayer structures, predominantly found in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), play in mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review outlines the link between changes in mitochondrial cardiolipin concentration and changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including changes in the IMM curvature and surface area, cristae density and architecture, efficiency of electron transport chain (ETC), interaction of ETC proteins, oligomerization of respiratory complexes, and mitochondrial ATP production. A relationship between cardiolipin decline in IMM and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is thoroughly presented. Particular attention is paid to the targeting of cardiolipin by Szeto–Schiller tetrapeptides, which leads to rejuvenation of important mitochondrial activities in dysfunctional and aging mitochondria. The role of cardiolipin in triggering non-bilayer structures and the functional roles of non-bilayer structures in energy-converting membranes are reviewed. The latest studies on non-bilayer structures induced by cobra venom peptides are examined in model and mitochondrial membranes, including studies on how non-bilayer structures modulate mitochondrial activities. A mechanism by which non-bilayer compartments are formed in the apex of cristae and by which non-bilayer compartments facilitate ATP synthase dimerization and ATP production is also presented.
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Increased mitochondrial protein import and cardiolipin remodelling upon early mtUPR. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009664. [PMID: 34214073 PMCID: PMC8282050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects can cause a variety of human diseases and protective mechanisms exist to maintain mitochondrial functionality. Imbalances in mitochondrial proteostasis trigger a transcriptional program, termed mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). However, the temporal sequence of events in mtUPR is unclear and the consequences on mitochondrial protein import are controversial. Here, we have quantitatively analyzed all main import pathways into mitochondria after different time spans of mtUPR induction. Kinetic analyses reveal that protein import into all mitochondrial subcompartments strongly increases early upon mtUPR and that this is accompanied by rapid remodelling of the mitochondrial signature lipid cardiolipin. Genetic inactivation of cardiolipin synthesis precluded stimulation of protein import and compromised cellular fitness. At late stages of mtUPR upon sustained stress, mitochondrial protein import efficiency declined. Our work clarifies the enigma of protein import upon mtUPR and identifies sequential mtUPR stages, in which an early increase in protein biogenesis to restore mitochondrial proteostasis is followed by late stages characterized by a decrease in import capacity upon prolonged stress induction. Mitochondria are essential organelles and involved in numerous important functions like ATP production, biosynthesis of metabolites and co-factors or regulation of programmed cell death. To fulfill this plethora of different tasks, mitochondria require an extensive proteome, which is build by import of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins from the cytosol. Mitochondrial defects can cause a variety of severe human disorders that often affect tissues with high energy demand e.g. heart, muscle or brain. However, protective mechanisms exist that are triggered upon mitochondrial dysfunction: Imbalances in mitochondrial proteostasis are sensed by the cell and elicit a nuclear transcriptional response, termed mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Transcription of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases is increased to counteract mitochondrial dysfunctions. In this study, we investigated if mtUPR progresses in different temporal stages and how protein import is affected upon mtUPR. We discover that mtUPR is subdivided into an early phase, in which protein import increases and a late phase, in which it declines. Stimulation of protein import is accompanied by an increase and remodelling of the mitochondrial signature lipid cardiolipin. Our work establishes a novel model how cells respond to dysfunctional mitochondria, in which cardiolipin and protein import are modulated as first protective measures.
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56
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Ilnytska O, Lai K, Gorshkov K, Schultz ML, Tran BN, Jeziorek M, Kunkel TJ, Azaria RD, McLoughlin HS, Waghalter M, Xu Y, Schlame M, Altan-Bonnet N, Zheng W, Lieberman AP, Dobrowolski R, Storch J. Enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the lipid LBPA stimulates autophagy, improves lysosomal function, and reduces cholesterol storage. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100813. [PMID: 34023384 PMCID: PMC8294588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes encoding endolysosomal lipid transport proteins, leading to cholesterol accumulation and autophagy dysfunction. We have previously shown that enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the anionic lipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA; also called bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate) via treatment with its precursor phosphatidylglycerol (PG) results in a dramatic decrease in cholesterol storage. However, the mechanisms underlying this reduction are unknown. In the present study, we showed using biochemical and imaging approaches in both NPC1-deficient cellular models and an NPC1 mouse model that PG incubation/LBPA enrichment significantly improved the compromised autophagic flux associated with NPC1 disease, providing a route for NPC1-independent endolysosomal cholesterol mobilization. PG/LBPA enrichment specifically enhanced the late stages of autophagy, and effects were mediated by activation of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. PG incubation also led to robust and specific increases in LBPA species with polyunsaturated acyl chains, potentially increasing the propensity for membrane fusion events, which are critical for late-stage autophagy progression. Finally, we demonstrated that PG/LBPA treatment efficiently cleared cholesterol and toxic protein aggregates in Purkinje neurons of the NPC1I1061T mouse model. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic basis supporting cellular LBPA as a potential new target for therapeutic intervention in NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ilnytska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Kimberly Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce Nguyen Tran
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maciej Jeziorek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam Waghalter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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57
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Rosas LE, Doolittle LM, Joseph LM, El-Musa H, Novotny MV, Hickman-Davis JM, Hite RD, Davis IC. Postexposure Liponucleotide Prophylaxis and Treatment Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Influenza-infected Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:677-686. [PMID: 33606602 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0465oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new drugs for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including those with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). ARDS in influenza-infected mice is associated with reduced concentrations of liponucleotides (essential precursors for de novo phospholipid synthesis) in alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells. Because surfactant phospholipid synthesis is a primary function of ATII cells, we hypothesized that disrupting this process could contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of influenza-induced ARDS. The goal of this study was to determine whether parenteral liponucleotide supplementation can attenuate ARDS. C57BL/6 mice inoculated intranasally with 10,000 plaque-forming units/mouse of H1N1 influenza A/WSN/33 virus were treated with CDP (cytidine 5'-diphospho)-choline (100 μg/mouse i.p.) ± CDP -diacylglycerol 16:0/16:0 (10 μg/mouse i.p.) once daily from 1 to 5 days after inoculation (to model postexposure influenza prophylaxis) or as a single dose on Day 5 (to model treatment of patients with ongoing influenza-induced ARDS). Daily postexposure prophylaxis with CDP-choline attenuated influenza-induced hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, alterations in lung mechanics, impairment of alveolar fluid clearance, and pulmonary inflammation without altering viral replication. These effects were not recapitulated by the daily administration of CTP (cytidine triphosphate) and/or choline. Daily coadministration of CDP-diacylglycerol significantly enhanced the beneficial effects of CDP-choline and also modified the ATII cell lipidome, reversing the infection-induced decrease in phosphatidylcholine and increasing concentrations of most other lipid classes in ATII cells. Single-dose treatment with both liponucleotides at 5 days after inoculation also attenuated hypoxemia, altered lung mechanics, and inflammation. Overall, our data show that liponucleotides act rapidly to reduce disease severity in mice with severe influenza-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael V Novotny
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - R Duncan Hite
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Zhu S, Chen Z, Zhu M, Shen Y, Leon LJ, Chi L, Spinozzi S, Tan C, Gu Y, Nguyen A, Zhou Y, Feng W, Vaz FM, Wang X, Gustafsson AB, Evans SM, Kunfu O, Fang X. Cardiolipin Remodeling Defects Impair Mitochondrial Architecture and Function in a Murine Model of Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008289. [PMID: 34129362 PMCID: PMC8210459 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature in Barth syndrome (BTHS), an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in Tafazzin (TAZ), encoding a mitochondrial acyltransferase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Despite recent description of a mouse model of BTHS cardiomyopathy, an in-depth analysis of specific lipid abnormalities and mitochondrial form and function in an in vivo BTHS cardiomyopathy model is lacking. METHODS We performed in-depth assessment of cardiac function, cardiolipin species profiles, and mitochondrial structure and function in our newly generated Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice and Cre-negative control mice (n≥3 per group). RESULTS Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice recapitulate typical features of BTHS and mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Fewer than 5% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice exhibited lethality before 2 months of age, with significantly enlarged hearts. More than 80% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout displayed ventricular dilation at 16 weeks of age and survived until 50 weeks of age. Full parameter analysis of cardiac cardiolipin profiles demonstrated lower total cardiolipin concentration, abnormal cardiolipin fatty acyl composition, and elevated monolysocardiolipin to cardiolipin ratios in Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout, relative to controls. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system and F1F0-ATP synthase complexes, required for cristae morphogenesis, were abnormal, resulting in onion-shaped mitochondria. Organization of high molecular weight respiratory chain supercomplexes was also impaired. In keeping with observed mitochondrial abnormalities, seahorse experiments demonstrated impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our mouse model mirrors multiple physiological and biochemical aspects of BTHS cardiomyopathy. Our results give important insights into the underlying cause of BTHS cardiomyopathy and provide a framework for testing therapeutic approaches to BTHS cardiomyopathy, or other mitochondrial-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze’e Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mason Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Liguo Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simone Spinozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ouyang Kunfu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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59
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Exterkate M, de Kok NAW, Andringa RLH, Wolbert NHJ, Minnaard AJ, Driessen AJM. A promiscuous archaeal cardiolipin synthase enables construction of diverse natural and unnatural phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100691. [PMID: 33894204 PMCID: PMC8141893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CL) are a class of lipids involved in the structural organization of membranes, enzyme functioning, and osmoregulation. Biosynthesis of CLs has been studied in eukaryotes and bacteria, but has been barely explored in archaea. Unlike the common fatty acyl chain–based ester phospholipids, archaeal membranes are made up of the structurally different isoprenoid-based ether phospholipids, possibly involving a different cardiolipin biosynthesis mechanism. Here, we identified a phospholipase D motif–containing cardiolipin synthase (MhCls) from the methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and its activity was characterized by LC-MS analysis of substrates/products. MhCls utilizes two archaetidylglycerol (AG) molecules in a transesterification reaction to synthesize glycerol-di-archaetidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-DACL) and glycerol. The enzyme is nonselective to the stereochemistry of the glycerol backbone and the nature of the lipid tail, as it also accepts phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to generate glycerol-di-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-DPCL). Remarkably, in the presence of AG and PG, MhCls formed glycerol-archaetidyl-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-APCL), an archaeal-bacterial hybrid cardiolipin species that so far has not been observed in nature. Due to the reversibility of the transesterification, in the presence of glycerol, Gro-DPCL can be converted back into two PG molecules. In the presence of other compounds that contain primary hydroxyl groups (e.g., alcohols, water, sugars), various natural and unique unnatural phospholipid species could be synthesized, including multiple di-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin species. Moreover, MhCls can utilize a glycolipid in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol to form a glycosyl-mono-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin species, emphasizing the promiscuity of this cardiolipin synthase that could be of interest for bio-catalytic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Exterkate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben L H Andringa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels H J Wolbert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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60
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Falabella M, Vernon HJ, Hanna MG, Claypool SM, Pitceathly RDS. Cardiolipin, Mitochondria, and Neurological Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:224-237. [PMID: 33640250 PMCID: PMC8277580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become clear that lipid homeostasis is central to cellular metabolism. Lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) where they modulate membrane fluidity, electric signal transduction, and synaptic stabilization. Abnormal lipid profiles reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), are further support for the importance of lipid metablism in the nervous system. Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid, has recently emerged as a focus of neurodegenerative disease research. Aberrant CL content, structure, and localization are linked to impaired neurogenesis and neuronal dysfunction, contributing to aging and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD. Furthermore, the highly tissue-specific acyl chain composition of CL confers it significant potential as a biomarker to diagnose and monitor the progression in several neurological diseases. CL also represents a potential target for pharmacological strategies aimed at treating neurodegeneration. Given the equipoise that currently exists between CL metabolism, mitochondrial function, and neurological disease, we review the role of CL in nervous system physiology and monogenic and neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology, in addition to its potential application as a biomarker and pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Falabella
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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61
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Terešak P, Lapao A, Subic N, Boya P, Elazar Z, Simonsen A. Regulation of PRKN-independent mitophagy. Autophagy 2021; 18:24-39. [PMID: 33570005 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1888244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional cellular organelles that play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Keeping the quality of mitochondria in check is of essential importance for functioning and survival of the cells. Selective autophagic clearance of flawed mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy, is one of the most prominent mechanisms through which cells maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. The best-studied pathway through which mitophagy is exerted is the PINK1-PRKN pathway. However, an increasing number of studies have shown an existence of alternative pathways, where different proteins and lipids are able to recruit autophagic machinery independently of PINK1 and PRKN. The significance of PRKN-independent mitophagy pathways is reflected in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, but many questions regarding the regulation and the interplay between these pathways remain open. Here we review the current knowledge and recent progress made in the field of PRKN-independent mitophagy. Particularly we focus on the regulation of various receptors that participate in targeting impaired mitochondria to autophagosomes independently of PRKN.AbbreviationsAMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BH: BCL2 homology; CCCP: Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CL: cardiolipin; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS: mitochondrial intermembrane space; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MDVs: mitochondrial-derived vesicles; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PD: Parkinson disease; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RGC: retinal ganglion cell; RING: really interesting new gene; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SUMO: small ubiquitin like modifier; TBI: traumatic brain injury; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Terešak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lapao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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62
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Protective Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on TNF-α-induced Mitochondrial Injury in Chondrocytes. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:100-107. [PMID: 33582913 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by matrix degradation and cell death leading to a gradual loss of articular cartilage integrity. As a bacterial synthesis of quinine, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a strong redox cofactor with a variety of biological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation-induced mitochondrial metabolism regulation. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PQQ on TNF-α-induced mitochondrial damage in chondrocytes. Chondrocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to TNF-α 50 ng/mL, TNF-α 50 ng/mL + PQQ 10 µmol/L for 24 h. Then, morphological study, functional study and mechanism study were taken. The results revealed TNF-α-induced chondrocyte mitochondrion damage could be reduced by application of PQQ, evidenced by elevated number of mitochondria, well-kept mtDNA integrity, preserved ATP level, reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevented mitochondrial function. The present work strongly suggests that the mitochondrion is an important target for OA chondrocyte damage induced by TNF-α and the PQQ protection from this damage ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by TNF-α. PQQ might be a potential chemical for OA intervention.
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63
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Li Y, Khanal P, Norheim F, Hjorth M, Bjellaas T, Drevon CA, Vaage J, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Plin2 deletion increases cholesteryl ester lipid droplet content and disturbs cholesterol balance in adrenal cortex. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100048. [PMID: 33582145 PMCID: PMC8044703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl esters (CEs) are the water-insoluble transport and storage form of cholesterol. Steroidogenic cells primarily store CEs in cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) organelles, as contrasted to the majority of mammalian cell types that predominantly store triacylglycerol (TAG) in LDs. The LD-binding Plin2 binds to both CE- and TAG-rich LDs, and although Plin2 is known to regulate degradation of TAG-rich LDs, its role for regulation of CE-rich LDs is unclear. To investigate the role of Plin2 in the regulation of CE-rich LDs, we performed histological and molecular characterization of adrenal glands from Plin2+/+ and Plin2−/− mice. Adrenal glands of Plin2−/− mice had significantly enlarged organ size, increased size and numbers of CE-rich LDs in cortical cells, elevated cellular unesterified cholesterol levels, and increased expression of macrophage markers and genes facilitating reverse cholesterol transport. Despite altered LD storage, mobilization of adrenal LDs and secretion of corticosterone induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation or starvation were similar in Plin2+/+ and Plin2−/− mice. Plin2−/− adrenals accumulated ceroid-like structures rich in multilamellar bodies in the adrenal cortex-medulla boundary, which increased with age, particularly in females. Finally, Plin2−/− mice displayed unexpectedly high levels of phosphatidylglycerols, which directly paralleled the accumulation of these ceroid-like structures. Our findings demonstrate an important role of Plin2 for regulation of CE-rich LDs and cellular cholesterol balance in the adrenal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; VITAS AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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64
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Manganelli V, Capozzi A, Recalchi S, Riitano G, Mattei V, Longo A, Misasi R, Garofalo T, Sorice M. The Role of Cardiolipin as a Scaffold Mitochondrial Phospholipid in Autophagosome Formation: In Vitro Evidence. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020222. [PMID: 33562550 PMCID: PMC7915802 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark phospholipid localized within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Upon several mitochondrial stress conditions, CL is translocated to specialized platforms, where it may play a role in signaling events to promote mitophagy and apoptosis. Recent studies characterized the molecular composition of MAM-associated lipid microdomains and their implications in regulating the autophagic process. In this study we analyzed the presence of CL within MAMs following autophagic stimulus and the possible implication of raft-like microdomains enriched in CL as a signaling platform in autophagosome formation. Human 2FTGH fibroblasts and SKNB-E-2 cells were stimulated under nutrient deprivation with HBSS. MAM fraction was obtained by an ultracentrifugation procedure and analyzed by HPTLC immunostaining. CL interactions with mitofusin2 (MFN2), calnexin (CANX) and AMBRA1 were analyzed by scanning confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation. The analysis revealed that CL accumulates in MAMs fractions following autophagic stimulus, where it interacts with MFN2 and CANX. It associates with AMBRA1, which in turn interacts with BECN1 and WIPI1. This study demonstrates that CL is present in MAM fractions following autophagy triggering and interacts with the multimolecular complex (AMBRA1/BECN1/WIPI1) involved in autophagosome formation. It may have both structural and functional implications in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, 02100 Rieti, Italy;
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (G.R.); (A.L.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-6-49972675
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65
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Ramaccini D, Montoya-Uribe V, Aan FJ, Modesti L, Potes Y, Wieckowski MR, Krga I, Glibetić M, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Matter ML. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:624216. [PMID: 33511136 PMCID: PMC7835522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue requires a persistent production of energy in order to exert its pumping function. Therefore, the maintenance of this function relies on mitochondria that represent the “powerhouse” of all cardiac activities. Mitochondria being one of the key players for the proper functioning of the mammalian heart suggests continual regulation and organization. Mitochondria adapt to cellular energy demands via fusion-fission events and, as a proof-reading ability, undergo mitophagy in cases of abnormalities. Ca2+ fluxes play a pivotal role in regulating all mitochondrial functions, including ATP production, metabolism, oxidative stress balance and apoptosis. Communication between mitochondria and others organelles, especially the sarcoplasmic reticulum is required for optimal function. Consequently, abnormal mitochondrial activity results in decreased energy production leading to pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe how mitochondrial function or dysfunction impacts cardiac activities and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Femke J Aan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Krga
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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66
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Barth syndrome: cardiolipin, cellular pathophysiology, management, and novel therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1605-1629. [PMID: 33415565 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disease classically characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, growth retardation, neutropenia, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. It is caused by mutations in the tafazzin gene localized to chromosome Xq28.12. Mutations in tafazzin may result in alterations in the level and molecular composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and result in large elevations in the lysophospholipid monolysocardiolipin. The increased monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratio in blood is diagnostic for the disease, and it leads to disruption in mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this review, we discuss cardiolipin structure, synthesis, and function and provide an overview of the clinical and cellular pathophysiology of Barth Syndrome. We highlight known pharmacological management for treatment of the major pathological features associated with the disease. In addition, we discuss non-pharmacological management. Finally, we highlight the most recent promising therapeutic options for this rare mitochondrial disease including lipid replacement therapy, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, tafazzin gene replacement therapy, induced pluripotent stem cells, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and peptides, and the polyphenolic compound resveratrol.
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67
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Sasaki GY, Li J, Cichon MJ, Kopec RE, Bruno RS. Catechin-Rich Green Tea Extract and the Loss-of-TLR4 Signaling Differentially Alter the Hepatic Metabolome in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000998. [PMID: 33249742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) limits inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consistent with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism. It is hypothesized that GTE supplementation during NASH will shift the hepatic metabolome similar to that attributed to the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and loss-of-function TLR4-mutant (TLR4mut ) mice are fed a high-fat diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks prior to performing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on liver tissue. The loss-of-TLR4 signaling and GTE shift the hepatic metabolome away from that of WT mice. However, relatively few metabolites are altered by GTE in WT mice to the same extent as the loss-of-TLR4 signaling in TLR4mut mice. GTE increases acetyl-coenzyme A precursors and spermidine to a greater extent than the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Select metabolites associated with thiol metabolism are similarly affected by GTE and the loss-of-TLR4 signaling. Glycerophospholipid catabolites are decreased by GTE, but are unaffected in TLR4mut mice. Conversely, the loss-of-TLR4 signaling but not GTE increases several bile acid metabolites. CONCLUSION GTE limitedly alters the hepatic metabolome consistent with a TLR4-dependent mechanism. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory activities of GTE and loss-of-TLR4 signaling that regulate hepatic metabolism to abrogate NASH are likely due to distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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68
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Williamson J, Davison G. Targeted Antioxidants in Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Emphasis on DNA Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1142. [PMID: 33213007 PMCID: PMC7698504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise simultaneously incites beneficial (e.g., signal) and harming (e.g., damage to macromolecules) effects, likely through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and downstream changes to redox homeostasis. Given the link between nuclear DNA damage and human longevity/pathology, research attempting to modulate DNA damage and restore redox homeostasis through non-selective pleiotropic antioxidants has yielded mixed results. Furthermore, until recently the role of oxidative modifications to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the context of exercising humans has largely been ignored. The development of antioxidant compounds which specifically target the mitochondria has unveiled a number of exciting avenues of exploration which allow for more precise discernment of the pathways involved with the generation of RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Thus, the primary function of this review, and indeed its novel feature, is to highlight the potential roles of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on perturbations to mitochondrial oxidative stress and the implications for exercise, with special focus on mtDNA damage. A brief synopsis of the current literature addressing the sources of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and available mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK;
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69
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Metabolic Alterations Caused by Defective Cardiolipin Remodeling in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110277. [PMID: 33187128 PMCID: PMC7697959 DOI: 10.3390/life10110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-consuming organ in the human body. In heart failure, the homeostasis of energy supply and demand is endangered by an increase in cardiomyocyte workload, or by an insufficiency in energy-providing processes. Energy metabolism is directly associated with mitochondrial redox homeostasis. The production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm mitochondrial and cellular ROS defense mechanisms in case of heart failure. Mitochondria are essential cell organelles and provide 95% of the required energy in the heart. Metabolic remodeling, changes in mitochondrial structure or function, and alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling diminish mitochondrial energy provision in many forms of cardiomyopathy. The mitochondrial respiratory chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which couples respiration with oxidative phosphorylation and the preservation of energy in the chemical bonds of ATP. Akin to other mitochondrial enzymes, the respiratory chain is integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The tight association with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) ensures its structural integrity and coordinates enzymatic activity. This review focuses on how changes in mitochondrial CL may be associated with heart failure. Dysfunctional CL has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury and the aging heart. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inherited defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Moreover, a dysfunctional CL pool causes other types of rare inherited cardiomyopathies, such as Sengers syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (DCMA). Here we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial functions in cellular and animal models. We describe the molecular mechanisms concerning mitochondrial dysfunction as an incitement of cardiomyopathy and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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70
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Sniezek OL, Anzmann AF, Claypool SM, Vernon HJ. Cardiolipin's Remodeling Rules Revealed: The Role of the Cellular Lipidome. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3949-3950. [PMID: 32209457 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Reports, Oemer et al. (2020) define the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin and other lipid classes in murine tissues. They then employ artificial neural networks to predict mechanisms that govern cardiolipin tissue specificity, with implications for understanding cellular pathogenesis in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Sniezek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arianna F Anzmann
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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71
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Webb M, Sideris DP. Intimate Relations-Mitochondria and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207580. [PMID: 33066461 PMCID: PMC7589147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ageing, but the detailed causal relationship between the two is still unclear. We review the major phenomenological manifestations of mitochondrial age-related dysfunction including biochemical, regulatory and energetic features. We conclude that the complexity of these processes and their inter-relationships are still not fully understood and at this point it seems unlikely that a single linear cause and effect relationship between any specific aspect of mitochondrial biology and ageing can be established in either direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Webb
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionisia P Sideris
- Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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72
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Gilmozzi V, Gentile G, Castelo Rueda MP, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Zanon A, Lévesque M, Pichler I. Interaction of Alpha-Synuclein With Lipids: Mitochondrial Cardiolipin as a Critical Player in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:578993. [PMID: 33122994 PMCID: PMC7573567 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a central protein in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although its role in neurotransmission is well established, the precise role of this protein in disease pathogenesis is still not fully understood. It is, however, widely regarded to be associated with the misfolding and accumulation of toxic intracellular aggregates. In fact, α-Syn is the most abundant protein component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which are also characterized by a high lipid content. Lipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes, have been implicated in many aspects of PD-related processes. α-Syn interacts with membrane phospholipids and free fatty acids via its N-terminal domain, and altered lipid-protein complexes might enhance both its binding to synaptic and mitochondrial membranes and its oligomerization. Several studies have highlighted a specific interaction of α-Syn with the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), a major constituent of mitochondrial membranes. By interacting with CL, α-Syn is able to disrupt mitochondrial membrane integrity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, externalized CL is able to facilitate the refolding of toxic α-Syn species at the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we discuss how α-Syn/lipid interactions, in particular the α-Syn/CL interaction at the mitochondrial membrane, may affect α-Syn aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction and may thus represent an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gilmozzi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Lévesque
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Cervo Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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73
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Sabapathy V, Venkatadri R, Dogan M, Sharma R. The Yin and Yang of Alarmins in Regulation of Acute Kidney Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:441. [PMID: 32974364 PMCID: PMC7472534 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical burden affecting 20 to 50% of hospitalized and intensive care patients. Irrespective of the initiating factors, the immune system plays a major role in amplifying the disease pathogenesis with certain immune cells contributing to renal damage, whereas others offer protection and facilitate recovery. Alarmins are small molecules and proteins that include granulysins, high-mobility group box 1 protein, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-16, IL-33, heat shock proteins, the Ca++ binding S100 proteins, adenosine triphosphate, and uric acid. Alarmins are mostly intracellular molecules, and their release to the extracellular milieu signals cellular stress or damage, generally leading to the recruitment of the cells of the immune system. Early studies indicated a pro-inflammatory role for the alarmins by contributing to immune-system dysregulation and worsening of AKI. However, recent developments demonstrate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of certain alarmins or alarmin-sensing receptors, which may participate in the prevention, resolution, and repair of AKI. This dual function of alarmins is intriguing and has confounded the role of alarmins in AKI. In this study, we review the contribution of various alarmins to the pathogenesis of AKI in experimental and clinical studies. We also analyze the approaches for the therapeutic utilization of alarmins for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahul Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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74
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Williamson J, Hughes CM, Cobley JN, Davison GW. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ, attenuates exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101673. [PMID: 32810739 PMCID: PMC7452004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether MitoQ - a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone - can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA damage is unknown. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, twenty-four healthy male participants consisting of two groups (placebo; n = 12, MitoQ; n = 12) performed an exercise trial of 4 x 4-min bouts at 90–95% of heart rate max. Participants completed an acute (20 mg MitoQ or placebo 1-h pre-exercise) and chronic (21 days of supplementation) phase. Blood and skeletal muscle were sampled immediately pre- and post-exercise and analysed for nuclear and mtDNA damage, lipid hydroperoxides, lipid soluble antioxidants, and the ascorbyl free radical. Exercise significantly increased nuclear and mtDNA damage across lymphocytes and muscle (P < 0.05), which was accompanied with changes in lipid hydroperoxides, ascorbyl free radical, and α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Acute MitoQ treatment failed to impact any biomarker likely due to insufficient initial bioavailability. However, chronic MitoQ treatment attenuated nuclear (P < 0.05) and mtDNA damage in lymphocytes and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Our work is the first to show a protective effect of chronic MitoQ supplementation on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in lymphocytes and human muscle tissue following exercise, which is important for genome stability. Exercise damages mitochondrial DNA in lymphocytes and muscle tissue. Acute MitoQ ingestion has no impact on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Chronic MitoQ supplementation protects mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ciara M Hughes
- Ulster University, Nursing and Health Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
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75
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Allen ME, Pennington ER, Perry JB, Dadoo S, Makrecka-Kuka M, Dambrova M, Moukdar F, Patel HD, Han X, Kidd GK, Benson EK, Raisch TB, Poelzing S, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. The cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide mitigates fragmentation of cristae networks following cardiac ischemia reperfusion in rats. Commun Biol 2020; 3:389. [PMID: 32680996 PMCID: PMC7368046 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac pathologies. Barriers to new therapies include an incomplete understanding of underlying molecular culprits and a lack of effective mitochondria-targeted medicines. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide, a clinical-stage compound under investigation for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction, mitigates impairments in mitochondrial structure-function observed after rat cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Respirometry with permeabilized ventricular fibers indicates that ischemia-reperfusion induced decrements in the activity of complexes I, II, and IV are alleviated with elamipretide. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy used to create 3D reconstructions of cristae ultrastructure reveals that disease-induced fragmentation of cristae networks are improved with elamipretide. Mass spectrometry shows elamipretide did not protect against the reduction of cardiolipin concentration after ischemia-reperfusion. Finally, elamipretide improves biophysical properties of biomimetic membranes by aggregating cardiolipin. The data suggest mitochondrial structure-function are interdependent and demonstrate elamipretide targets mitochondrial membranes to sustain cristae networks and improve bioenergetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute for Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fatiha Moukdar
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hetal D Patel
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grahame K Kidd
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Renovo Neural Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Tristan B Raisch
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Metabolism Core Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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76
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Mohammad K, Baratang Junio JA, Tafakori T, Orfanos E, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms that Link Chronological Aging to Cellular Quiescence in Budding Yeast. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134717. [PMID: 32630624 PMCID: PMC7369985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cultured in a medium with glucose consume glucose, the sub-populations of quiescent and non-quiescent cells develop in the budding yeast culture. An age-related chronology of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells within this culture is discussed here. We also describe various hallmarks of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells. A complex aging-associated program underlies cellular quiescence in budding yeast. This quiescence program includes a cascade of consecutive cellular events orchestrated by an intricate signaling network. We examine here how caloric restriction, a low-calorie diet that extends lifespan and healthspan in yeast and other eukaryotes, influences the cellular quiescence program in S. cerevisiae. One of the main objectives of this review is to stimulate an exploration of the mechanisms that link cellular quiescence to chronological aging of budding yeast. Yeast chronological aging is defined by the length of time during which a yeast cell remains viable after its growth and division are arrested, and it becomes quiescent. We propose a hypothesis on how caloric restriction can slow chronological aging of S. cerevisiae by altering the chronology and properties of quiescent cells. Our hypothesis posits that caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by targeting four different processes within quiescent cells.
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77
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Semba RD. Perspective: The Potential Role of Circulating Lysophosphatidylcholine in Neuroprotection against Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:760-772. [PMID: 32190891 PMCID: PMC7360459 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive disorder involving cognitive impairment, loss of learning and memory, and neurodegeneration affecting wide areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AD is characterized by altered lipid metabolism in the brain. Lower concentrations of long-chain PUFAs have been described in the frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus in the brain in AD. The brain can synthesize only a few fatty acids; thus, most fatty acids must enter the brain from the blood. Recent studies show that PUFAs such as DHA (22:6) are transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) via a specific LPC receptor at the BBB known as the sodium-dependent LPC symporter 1 (MFSD2A). Higher dietary PUFA intake is associated with decreased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in observational studies; however, PUFA supplementation, with fatty acids esterified in triacylglycerols did not prevent cognitive decline in clinical trials. Recent studies show that LPC is the preferred carrier of PUFAs across the BBB into the brain. An insufficient pool of circulating LPC containing long-chain fatty acids could potentially limit the supply of long-chain fatty acids to the brain, including PUFAs such as DHA, and play a role in the pathobiology of AD. Whether adults with low serum LPC concentrations are at greater risk of developing cognitive decline and AD remains a major gap in knowledge. Preventing and treating cognitive decline and the development of AD remain a major challenge. The LPC pathway is a promising area for future investigators to identify modifiable risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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78
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Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) interactions with mitochondrial membrane proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:993-1004. [PMID: 32453413 PMCID: PMC7329354 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) is a three-tailed variant of cardiolipin (CL), the signature lipid of mitochondria. MLCL is not normally found in healthy tissue but accumulates in mitochondria of people with Barth syndrome (BTHS), with an overall increase in the MLCL:CL ratio. The reason for MLCL accumulation remains to be fully understood. The effect of MLCL build-up and decreased CL content in causing the characteristics of BTHS are also unclear. In both cases, an understanding of the nature of MLCL interaction with mitochondrial proteins will be key. Recent work has shown that MLCL associates less tightly than CL with proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that MLCL accumulation is a result of CL degradation, and that the lack of MLCL–protein interactions compromises the stability of the protein-dense mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to a decrease in optimal respiration. There is some data on MLCL–protein interactions for proteins involved in the respiratory chain and in apoptosis, but there remains much to be understood regarding the nature of MLCL–protein interactions. Recent developments in structural, analytical and computational approaches mean that these investigations are now possible. Such an understanding will be key to further insights into how MLCL accumulation impacts mitochondrial membranes. In turn, these insights will help to support the development of therapies for people with BTHS and give a broader understanding of other diseases involving defective CL content.
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79
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Cabrera D, Kruger M, Wolber FM, Roy NC, Fraser K. Effects of short- and long-term glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis on plasma metabolome and lipidome of ovariectomized sheep. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:349. [PMID: 32503480 PMCID: PMC7275480 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the metabolic and lipidomic changes that accompany bone loss in osteoporosis might provide insights about the mechanisms behind molecular changes and facilitate developing new drugs or nutritional strategies for osteoporosis prevention. This study aimed to examine the effects of short- or long-term glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis on plasma metabolites and lipids of ovariectomized (OVX) sheep. METHODS Twenty-eight aged ewes were divided randomly into four groups: an OVX group, OVX in combination with glucocorticoids for two months (OVXG2), and OVX in combination with five doses of glucocorticoids (OVXG5) to induce bone loss, and a control group. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomic analysis was applied to monthly plasma samples to follow the progression of osteoporosis over five months. RESULTS The metabolite profiles revealed significant differences in the plasma metabolome of OVX sheep and OVXG when compared with the control group by univariate analysis. Nine metabolites were altered, namely 5-methoxytryptophan, valine, methionine, tryptophan, glutaric acid, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxylysine and malic acid. Similarly, fifteen lipids were perturbed from multiple lipid classes such as lysophoslipids, phospholipids and ceramides. CONCLUSION This study showed that OVX and glucocorticoid interventions altered the metabolite and lipid profiles of sheep, suggesting that amino acid and lipid metabolisms are potentially the main perturbed metabolic pathways regulating bone loss in OVX sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cabrera
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Marlena Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- School of Food Advanced technology, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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80
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Origin and diversification of the cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway in the Eukarya domain. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1035-1046. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) and its precursor phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are important anionic phospholipids widely distributed throughout all domains of life. They have key roles in several cellular processes by shaping membranes and modulating the activity of the proteins inserted into those membranes. They are synthesized by two main pathways, the so-called eukaryotic pathway, exclusively found in mitochondria, and the prokaryotic pathway, present in most bacteria and archaea. In the prokaryotic pathway, the first and the third reactions are catalyzed by phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase (Pgps) belonging to the transferase family and cardiolipin synthase (Cls) belonging to the hydrolase family, while in the eukaryotic pathway, those same reactions are catalyzed by unrelated homonymous enzymes: Pgps of the hydrolase family and Cls of the transferase family. Because of the enzymatic arrangement found in both pathways, it seems that the eukaryotic pathway evolved by convergence to the prokaryotic pathway. However, since mitochondria evolved from a bacterial endosymbiont, it would suggest that the eukaryotic pathway arose from the prokaryotic pathway. In this review, it is proposed that the eukaryote pathway evolved directly from a prokaryotic pathway by the neofunctionalization of the bacterial enzymes. Moreover, after the eukaryotic radiation, this pathway was reshaped by horizontal gene transfers or subsequent endosymbiotic processes.
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81
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Colina-Tenorio L, Horten P, Pfanner N, Rampelt H. Shaping the mitochondrial inner membrane in health and disease. J Intern Med 2020; 287:645-664. [PMID: 32012363 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in cellular energetics, metabolism and signalling. Efficient respiration, mitochondrial quality control, apoptosis and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA depend on the proper architecture of the mitochondrial membranes and a dynamic remodelling of inner membrane cristae. Defects in mitochondrial architecture can result in severe human diseases affecting predominantly the nervous system and the heart. Inner membrane morphology is generated and maintained in particular by the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, the fusion protein OPA1/Mgm1 and the nonbilayer-forming phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine. These protein complexes and phospholipids are embedded in a network of functional interactions. They communicate with each other and additional factors, enabling them to balance different aspects of cristae biogenesis and to dynamically remodel the inner mitochondrial membrane. Genetic alterations disturbing these membrane-shaping factors can lead to human pathologies including fatal encephalopathy, dominant optic atrophy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease and Barth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colina-Tenorio
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Horten
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Pfanner
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Rampelt
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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82
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Mitchell W, Ng EA, Tamucci JD, Boyd KJ, Sathappa M, Coscia A, Pan M, Han X, Eddy NA, May ER, Szeto HH, Alder NN. The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7452-7469. [PMID: 32273339 PMCID: PMC7247319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many heritable diseases, acquired pathologies, and aging-related declines in health. Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides comprise a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides that are efficacious toward a wide array of mitochondrial disorders and are believed to target mitochondrial membranes because they are enriched in the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). However, little is known regarding how SS peptides interact with or alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, using biophysical and computational approaches, we have analyzed the interactions of the lead compound SS-31 (elamipretide) with model and mitochondrial membranes. Our results show that this polybasic peptide partitions into the membrane interfacial region with an affinity and a lipid binding density that are directly related to surface charge. We found that SS-31 binding does not destabilize lamellar bilayers even at the highest binding concentrations; however, it did cause saturable alterations in lipid packing. Most notably, SS-31 modulated the surface electrostatics of both model and mitochondrial membranes. We propose nonexclusive mechanisms by which the tuning of surface charge could underpin the mitoprotective properties of SS-31, including alteration of the distribution of ions and basic proteins at the interface, and/or modulation of bilayer physical properties. As a proof of concept, we show that SS-31 alters divalent cation (calcium) distribution within the interfacial region and reduces the energetic burden of calcium stress in mitochondria. The mechanistic details of SS-31 revealed in this study will help inform the development of future compound variants with enhanced efficacy and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Emily A Ng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Jeffrey D Tamucci
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Kevin J Boyd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Murugappan Sathappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Adrian Coscia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Nicholas A Eddy
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabs, New York, New York 10016
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.
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Zhang X, Wang T, Song J, Deng J, Sun Z. Study on follicular fluid metabolomics components at different ages based on lipid metabolism. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:42. [PMID: 32398082 PMCID: PMC7216654 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular fluid is an important external environment for the growth and development of oocytes. A thorough identification of specific components in follicular fluid can better the existing understand of intracellular signal transduction and reveal potential biomarkers of oocyte health in women undergoing assisted reproductive therapy. To study on follicular fluid metabolomics components at different ages based on lipid metabolism, we have adopted a new method of SWATH to MRM(the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra to multiple reaction monitor)metabolomics to provide extensive coverage and excellent quantitative data. This was done to investigate the differences in follicular fluid of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer in different age groups and to further explore the relationship between follicular fluid, age and reproductive function. METHOD A combination of Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyze the follicular fluid of 230 patients enrolled for the IVF cycle. The patients were of different ages grouped into two groups:the younger and older patients.The obtained multidimensional chromatographic data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The charge ratios and mass numbers enabled for the identification of different fragments in the samples. Matching information obtained through database search and the fragment information obtained by fragment ion scan structurally identified substances in the samples. This was used to determine the differential compounds. RESULTS The quality of oocytes decline with age,and the lipid composition in follicular fluid also changes,The lipid metabolism that changes with age may be related to the quality of oocytes.The main differences were in lipid metabolites. Some were up-regulated: Arachidonate, LysoPC(16:1), LysoPC(20:4) and LysoPC(20:3) while others were down-regulated: LysoPC(18:3) and LysoPC(18:1). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis of follicular fluid revealed that with the increase in age, several differential metabolites are at play. Among these metabolites, lipid metabolism undergoes significant changes that affect the development of oocytes thus causing reduced fertility in older women. These differential metabolites related to follicular development may provide possible detection and treatment targets for promoting oocyte health, and provide scientific basis for understanding the environment of oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Maternity and Child Health Care of ZaoZhuang, ZaoZhuang, 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine History and Literature, Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingyan Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jifeng Deng
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhengao Sun
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
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84
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Mitochondria as intracellular signaling platforms in health and disease. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202002179. [PMID: 32320464 PMCID: PMC7199861 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, long viewed solely in the context of bioenergetics, are increasingly emerging as critical hubs for intracellular signaling. Due to their bacterial origin, mitochondria possess their own genome and carry unique lipid components that endow these organelles with specialized properties to help orchestrate multiple signaling cascades. Mitochondrial signaling modulates diverse pathways ranging from metabolism to redox homeostasis to cell fate determination. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of how mitochondria serve as intracellular signaling platforms with a particular emphasis on lipid-mediated signaling, innate immune activation, and retrograde signaling. We further discuss how these signaling properties might potentially be exploited to develop new therapeutic strategies for a range of age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay X. Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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85
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Guan L, Chen Y, Chen P, Sun J, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Lipidomics reveals carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C protects cancer cells from lipotoxicity and senescence. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:340-350. [PMID: 34277122 PMCID: PMC8264383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, caused by intracellular lipid accumulation, accelerates the degenerative process of cellular senescence, which has implications in cancer development and therapy. Previously, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes carnitinylation of fatty acids, was found to be a critical regulator of cancer cell senescence. However, whether loss of CPT1C could induce senescence as a result of lipotoxicity remains unknown. An LC/MS-based lipidomic analysis of PANC-1, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and A549 cancer cells was conducted after siRNA depletion of CPT1C. Cellular lipotoxicity was further confirmed by lipotoxicity assays. Significant changes were found in the lipidome of CPT1C-depleted cells, including major alterations in fatty acid, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, oxidative lipids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and sphingomyelin. This was coincident with changes in expressions of mRNAs involved in lipogenesis. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed higher lipid accumulation and increased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, signatures of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Reduction of ATP synthesis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and down-regulation of expression of mitochondriogenesis gene mRNAs indicated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by lipotoxicity, which could further result in cellular senescence. Taken together, this study demonstrated CPT1C plays a critical role in the regulation of cancer cell lipotoxicity and cell senescence, suggesting that inhibition of CPT1C may serve as a new therapeutic strategy through induction of tumor lipotoxicity and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lihuan Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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86
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Wang S, Li Y, Xu Y, Ma Q, Lin Z, Schlame M, Bezzerides VJ, Strathdee D, Pu WT. AAV Gene Therapy Prevents and Reverses Heart Failure in a Murine Knockout Model of Barth Syndrome. Circ Res 2020; 126:1024-1039. [PMID: 32146862 PMCID: PMC7233109 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Barth syndrome is an X-linked cardiac and skeletal myopathy caused by mutation of the gene Tafazzin (TAZ). Currently, there is no targeted treatment for Barth syndrome. Lack of a proper genetic animal model that recapitulates the features of Barth syndrome has hindered understanding of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development. OBJECTIVE We characterized murine germline TAZ knockout mice (TAZ-KO) and cardiomyocyte-specific TAZ knockout mice models and tested the efficacy of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene replacement therapy with human TAZ (hTAZ). METHODS AND RESULTS TAZ-KO caused embryonic and neonatal lethality, impaired growth, dilated cardiomyopathy, and skeletal myopathy. TAZ-KO mice that survived the neonatal period developed progressive, severe cardiac dysfunction, and fibrosis. Cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of floxed Taz in cardiomyocytes using Myh6-Cre caused progressive dilated cardiomyopathy without fetal or perinatal loss. Using both constitutive and conditional knockout models, we tested the efficacy and durability of Taz replacement by AAV gene therapy. Neonatal AAV-hTAZ rescued neonatal death, cardiac dysfunction, and fibrosis in TAZ-KO mice, and both prevented and reversed established cardiac dysfunction in TAZ-KO and cardiomyocyte-specific TAZ knockout mice models. However, both neonatal and adult therapies required high cardiomyocyte transduction (≈70%) for durable efficacy. CONCLUSIONS TAZ-KO and cardiomyocyte-specific TAZ knockout mice recapitulate many of the key clinical features of Barth syndrome. AAV-mediated gene replacement is efficacious when a sufficient fraction of cardiomyocytes are transduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.)
| | - Yifei Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.).,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Y.L.)
| | - Qing Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.)
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology (Y.X., M.S.).,Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Vassilios J Bezzerides
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.)
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom (D.S.)
| | - William T Pu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.W., Y.L., Q.M., Z.L., V.J.B., W.T.P.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
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87
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Hussey GS, Pineda Molina C, Cramer MC, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Lee YC, El-Mossier SO, Murdock MH, Timashev PS, Kagan VE, Badylak SF. Lipidomics and RNA sequencing reveal a novel subpopulation of nanovesicle within extracellular matrix biomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay4361. [PMID: 32219161 PMCID: PMC7083606 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) provide both mechanical support and a reservoir of constructive signaling molecules that promote functional tissue repair. Recently, matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) have been reported as an integral component of ECM bioscaffolds. Although liquid-phase extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the subject of intense investigation, their similarity to MBV is limited to size and shape. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics and redox lipidomics were used to conduct a detailed comparison of liquid-phase EV and MBV phospholipids. Combined with comprehensive RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the intravesicular cargo, we show that MBVs are a distinct and unique subpopulation of EV and a distinguishing feature of ECM-based biomaterials. The results begin to identify the differential biologic activities mediated by EV that are secreted by tissue-resident cells and deposited within the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catalina Pineda Molina
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Madeline C. Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yoojin C. Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Salma O. El-Mossier
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Mark H. Murdock
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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88
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El-Hafidi M, Correa F, Zazueta C. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiolipin remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165744. [PMID: 32105822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an acidic phospholipid almost exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, that not only stabilizes the structure and function of individual components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but regulates relevant mitochondrial processes, like mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure maintenance among others. Alterations in CL due to peroxidation, correlates with loss of such mitochondrial activities and disease progression. In this review it is recapitulated the current state of knowledge of the role of cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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89
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Deshwal S, Fiedler KU, Langer T. Mitochondrial Proteases: Multifaceted Regulators of Mitochondrial Plasticity. Annu Rev Biochem 2020; 89:501-528. [PMID: 32075415 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential metabolic hubs that dynamically adapt to physiological demands. More than 40 proteases residing in different compartments of mitochondria, termed mitoproteases, preserve mitochondrial proteostasis and are emerging as central regulators of mitochondrial plasticity. These multifaceted enzymes limit the accumulation of short-lived, regulatory proteins within mitochondria, modulate the activity of mitochondrial proteins by protein processing, and mediate the degradation of damaged proteins. Various signaling cascades coordinate the activity of mitoproteases to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis and ensure cell survival. Loss of mitoproteases severely impairs the functional integrity of mitochondria, is associated with aging, and causes pleiotropic diseases. Understanding the dual function of mitoproteases as regulatory and quality control enzymes will help unravel the role of mitochondrial plasticity in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Deshwal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Kai Uwe Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany; .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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90
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Blunsom NJ, Cockcroft S. CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases (CDS): Gateway to Phosphatidylinositol and Cardiolipin Synthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32117988 PMCID: PMC7018664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and cardiolipin (CL). Both PI and CL have highly specialized roles in cells. PI can be phosphorylated and these phosphorylated derivatives play major roles in signal transduction, membrane traffic, and maintenance of the actin cytoskeletal network. CL is the signature lipid of mitochondria and has a plethora of functions including maintenance of cristae morphology, mitochondrial fission, and fusion and for electron transport chain super complex formation. Both lipids are synthesized in different organelles although they share the common intermediate, CDP-DAG. CDP-DAG is synthesized from phosphatidic acid (PA) and CTP by enzymes that display CDP-DAG synthase activities. Two families of enzymes, CDS and TAMM41, which bear no sequence or structural relationship, have now been identified. TAMM41 is a peripheral membrane protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane required for CL synthesis. CDS enzymes are ancient integral membrane proteins found in all three domains of life. In mammals, they provide CDP-DAG for PI synthesis and for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and CL synthesis in prokaryotes. CDS enzymes are critical for maintaining phosphoinositide levels during phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Hydrolysis of PI (4,5) bisphosphate by PLC requires the resynthesis of PI and CDS enzymes catalyze the rate-limiting step in the process. In mammals, the protein products of two CDS genes (CDS1 and CDS2) localize to the ER and it is suggested that CDS2 is the major CDS for this process. Expression of CDS enzymes are regulated by transcription factors and CDS enzymes may also contribute to CL synthesis in mitochondria. Studies of CDS enzymes in protozoa reveal spatial segregation of CDS enzymes from the rest of the machinery required for both PI and CL synthesis identifying a key gap in our understanding of how CDP-DAG can cross the different membrane compartments in protozoa and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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91
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Patton-Vogt J, de Kroon AIPM. Phospholipid turnover and acyl chain remodeling in the yeast ER. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158462. [PMID: 31146038 PMCID: PMC10716787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The turnover of phospholipids plays an essential role in membrane lipid homeostasis by impacting both lipid head group and acyl chain composition. This review focusses on the degradation and acyl chain remodeling of the major phospholipid classes present in the ER membrane of the reference eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Phospholipid turnover reactions are introduced, and the occurrence and important functions of phospholipid remodeling in higher eukaryotes are briefly summarized. After presenting an inventory of established mechanisms of phospholipid acyl chain exchange, current knowledge of phospholipid degradation and remodeling by phospholipases and acyltransferases localized to the yeast ER is summarized. PC is subject to the PC deacylation-reacylation remodeling pathway (PC-DRP) involving a phospholipase B, the recently identified glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase Gpc1p, and the broad specificity acyltransferase Ale1p. PI is post-synthetically enriched in C18:0 acyl chains by remodeling reactions involving Cst26p. PE may undergo turnover by the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p as first step in acyl chain remodeling. Clues as to the functions of phospholipid acyl chain remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anton I P M de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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92
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Valentine WJ, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Yamamoto S, Shindou H. Biosynthetic Enzymes of Membrane Glycerophospholipid Diversity as Therapeutic Targets for Drug Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:5-27. [PMID: 32894505 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical properties of membranes are dependent on their glycerophospholipid compositions. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) selectively incorporate fatty chains into lysophospholipids to affect the fatty acid composition of membrane glycerophospholipids. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family incorporate fatty chains into phosphatidic acid during the de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis in the Kennedy pathway. Other LPLATs of both the AGPAT and the membrane bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families further modify the fatty chain compositions of membrane glycerophospholipids in the remodeling pathway known as the Lands' cycle. The LPLATs functioning in these pathways possess unique characteristics in terms of their biochemical activities, regulation of expressions, and functions in various biological contexts. Essential physiological functions for LPLATs have been revealed in studies using gene-deficient mice, and important roles for several enzymes are also indicated in human diseases where their mutation or dysregulation causes or contributes to the pathological condition. Now several LPLATs are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets, and further understanding of the mechanisms underlying their physiological and pathological roles will aid in the development of novel therapies to treat several diseases that involve altered glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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93
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Proliferation of C6 glioma cells requires the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin independent of cardiolipin composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158596. [PMID: 31884050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid (CL) has been linked to mitochondrial and cellular functions. It has been postulated that the composition of CL is of impact for mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation. Although a correlation between CL composition and proliferation could be demonstrated for several cell types, evidence for a causal relationship remains obscure. Here, we applied two independent approaches, i) supplementation of fatty acids and ii) knock-out of the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin, to manipulate CL composition and analyzed the response on proliferation of C6 glioma cells. Both strategies caused substantial changes in the distribution of cellular fatty acids as well as in the distribution of fatty acids incorporated in CL that were accompanied by changes of the composition of molecular CL species. These changes did not correlate with cell proliferation. However, knock-out of tafazzin caused dramatic reduction in proliferation of C6 glioma cells independent of CL composition. The mechanism of tafazzin-dependent restriction of proliferation remains unclear. Among the various fatty acids administered only palmitic acid restricted cell proliferation by induction of cell death.
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94
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Kasahara T, Kubota-Sakashita M, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Hanasaka T, Tohyama K, Kato T. Cardiolipin is essential for early embryonic viability and mitochondrial integrity of neurons in mammals. FASEB J 2019; 34:1465-1480. [PMID: 31914590 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901598r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark phospholipid of mitochondria and plays a significant role in maintaining the mitochondrial structure and functions. Despite the physiological importance of CL, mutant organisms, yeast, Arabidopsis, C elegans, and Drosophila, which lack CL synthase (Crls1) gene and consequently are deprived of CL, are viable. Here we report conditional Crls1-deficient mice using targeted insertion of loxP sequences flanking the functional domain of CRLS1 enzyme. Homozygous null mutant mice exhibited early embryonic lethality at the peri-implantation stage. We generated neuron-specific Crls1 knockout (cKO) mice by crossing with Camk2α-Cre mice. Neuronal loss and gliosis were gradually manifested in the forebrains, where CL levels were significantly decreased. In the surviving neurons, malformed mitochondria with bubble-like or onion-like inner membrane structures were observed. We showed decreased supercomplex assembly and reduced enzymatic activities of electron transport chain complexes in the forebrain of cKO mice, resulting in affected mitochondrial calcium dynamics, a slower rate of Ca2+ uptake and a smaller calcium retention capacity. These observations clearly demonstrate indispensable roles of CL as well as of Crls1 gene in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Mie Kubota-Sakashita
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu-shi, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hanasaka
- Department of Physiology School of Dentistry, The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Koujiro Tohyama
- Department of Physiology School of Dentistry, The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
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95
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Schädeli D, Serricchio M, Ben Hamidane H, Loffreda A, Hemphill A, Beneke T, Gluenz E, Graumann J, Bütikofer P. Cardiolipin depletion–induced changes in theTrypanosoma bruceiproteome. FASEB J 2019; 33:13161-13175. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901184rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schädeli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessio Loffreda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tom Beneke
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gluenz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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96
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Wolke C, Gürtler S, Peter D, Weingärtner J, Domanska G, Lendeckel U, Schild L. Vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats affects hepatic cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1619-1628. [PMID: 31752529 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219889880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 deficiency during pregnancy translates into a severe vitamin B6 deficiency (plasma levels decreased by 97%) in new-born rats. Further, hallmarks are increased (+89%) concentrations of homocysteine, gross changes in gene methylation and expression, and metabolic alterations including lipid metabolism. This study focuses on determining the effects of vitamin B6-deficiency on cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation in liver. For this purpose, hepatic cardiolipin composition was analyzed by means of LC/MS/MS, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was determined by using a Clark-type electrode in a rat model of vitamin B6 deficiency. Liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term vitamin B6 deficiency responded with substantial alterations in cardiolipin composition that include the following changes in the amounts of cardiolipin incorporated fatty acids: increase in C16, decrease in C18, decrease in saturated fatty acid, as well as increase in amount of oxidized cardiolipin species. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats induces massive alterations of cardiolipin composition and function of liver mitochondria. These findings support the importance of sufficient periconceptional supply of vitamin B6 to prevent vitamin B6 deficiency.Impact statementVitamin B6 (VitB6) is an active co-enzyme for more than 150 enzymes and is required for a great diversity of biosynthesis and metabolic reactions. There is an increased need for VitB6 during pregnancy and sufficient supply of VitB6 is crucial for the prevention of cleft palate and neural tube defects. We show that liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term VitB6 deficiency respond with substantial alterations in cardiolipin (CL) composition and in the amount of oxidized CL species. These changes are associated with a decrease in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The results of this study support the significance of sufficient supply of VitB6 during pregnancy (and periconceptional) for diminishing the number of early abortions and minimizing malformation. The established link between VitB6 deficiency, CL composition, and mitochondrial respiration/energy production provides mechanistic insight as to how the VitB6 deficiency translates into the known pathophysiological and clinically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Sarah Gürtler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
| | - Jens Weingärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17489, Germany
| | - Grazyna Domanska
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
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97
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Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Sun K, Fabbri E, Zhang P, Khadeer M, Salem N, Ferrucci L, Semba RD. Targeted Metabolomics Shows Low Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 Predicts Greater Decline of Gait Speed in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:62-67. [PMID: 29788121 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gait speed is an important measure of lower extremity physical performance in older adults and is predictive of disability and mortality. The biological pathways involved in the decline of lower extremity physical performance are not well understood. We used a targeted metabolomics approach to identify plasma metabolites predictive of change in gait speed over time. Methods Gait speed was measured at baseline and over median follow-up of 50.5 months in 504 adults, aged ≥50 years, who had two or more study visits in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Plasma metabolites were measured using targeted mass spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit, Biocrates). Results Of 148 plasma metabolites (amino acids, biogenic amines, hexoses, glycerophospholipids) measured, eight were significantly associated with gait speed at baseline, independent of age and sex: hexoses (r = -0.148, p < .001), [sphingomyelin (SM) 16:1 (r = -0.091, p = .0009), SM 18:0 (r = -0.085, p = .002), SM 18:1 (r = -0.128, p < .0001], phosphatidylcholine aa 32:3 (r = -0.088, p = .001), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 17:0 (r = 0.083, p = .003), LPC 18:1 (r = 0.089, p = .001), and LPC 18:2 (r = 0.104, p < .0001). Adjusting for baseline age, sex, and chronic diseases, baseline plasma LPC 18:2 was an independent predictor of the rate of change of gait speed over subsequent follow-up (p = .003). No other plasma metabolites were significantly associated longitudinal changes of gait speed over time. Conclusions Low plasma LPC 18:2, which has previously been shown to predict impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and memory impairment, is an independent predictor of decline in gait speed in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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98
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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99
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Ren M, Miller PC, Schlame M, Phoon CKL. A critical appraisal of the tafazzin knockdown mouse model of Barth syndrome: what have we learned about pathogenesis and potential treatments? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1183-H1193. [PMID: 31603701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00504.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric heart failure remains poorly understood, distinct in many aspects from adult heart failure. Limited data point to roles of altered mitochondrial functioning and, in particular, changes in mitochondrial lipids, especially cardiolipin. Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder caused by tafazzin mutations that lead to abnormal cardiolipin profiles. Patients are afflicted by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and growth delay. A mouse model of Barth syndrome was developed a decade ago, which relies on a doxycycline-inducible short hairpin RNA to knock down expression of tafazzin mRNA (TAZKD). Our objective was to review published data from the TAZKD mouse to determine its contributions to our pathogenetic understanding of, and potential treatment strategies for, Barth syndrome. In regard to the clinical syndrome, the reported physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural abnormalities of the mouse model mirror those in Barth patients. Using this model, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan-agonist bezafibrate has been suggested as potential therapy because it ameliorated the cardiomyopathy in TAZKD mice, while increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. A clinical trial is now underway to test bezafibrate in Barth syndrome patients. Thus the TAZKD mouse model of Barth syndrome has led to important insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets, which can potentially translate to pediatric heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindong Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Paighton C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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100
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Park H, He A, Lodhi IJ. Lipid Regulators of Thermogenic Fat Activation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:710-723. [PMID: 31422871 PMCID: PMC6779522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity continues to increase, suggesting a need for alternative treatment approaches. Targeting brown fat function to promote energy expenditure represents one such approach. Brown adipocytes and the related beige adipocytes oxidize fatty acids and glucose to generate heat and are activated by cold exposure or consumption of high-calorie diets. Alternative, more practical means to activate thermogenic fat are needed. Here, we review emerging data suggesting new roles for lipids in activating thermogenesis that extend beyond their serving as a fuel source for heat generation. Lipids have also been implicated in mediating interorgan communication, crosstalk between organelles, and cellular signaling regulating thermogenesis. Understanding how lipids regulate thermogenesis could identify innovative therapeutic interventions for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsuk Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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