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Mashayekhi V, Mocellin O, Fens MH, Krijger GC, Brosens LA, Oliveira S. Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:9022-9037. [PMID: 34522225 PMCID: PMC8419040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments. Although targeted therapies are promising for the treatment of several types of cancer, identification of suitable targets for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC is challenging. Interestingly, several transmembrane proteins are overexpressed in PDAC cells that show low expression in healthy pancreas and may therefore serve as potential targets for treatment and/or diagnostic purposes. In this review we describe the 11 most promising transmembrane proteins, carefully selected after a thorough literature search. Favorable features and potential applications of each target, as well as the results of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the past ten years, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orsola Mocellin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A.M. Fens
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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52
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Pathological Role of Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 in Balloon Angioplasty-Induced Neointima Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168822. [PMID: 34445528 PMCID: PMC8396187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is a common vascular complication after balloon angioplasty. Catheter balloon inflation-induced transient ischemia (hypoxia) of local arterial tissues plays a pathological role in neointima formation. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme, has been reported to associate with cell survival and can be triggered under hypoxia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the possible role and regulation of PGK1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and balloon-injured arteries under hypoxia. Neointimal hyperplasia was induced by a rat carotid artery injury model. The cellular functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGK1 in VSMCs were investigated using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), chemical inhibitors, or anaerobic cultivation. Our data indicated that protein expression of PGK1 can be rapidly induced at a very early stage after balloon angioplasty, and the silencing PGK1-induced low cellular energy circumstance resulted in the suppressions of VSMC proliferation and migration. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that blockage of PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRB) or its downstream pathway, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, effectively reduced hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1α) and PGK1 expressions in VSMCs. In vivo study evidenced that PGK1 knockdown significantly reduced neointima hyperplasia. PGK1 was expressed at the early stage of neointimal formation, and suppressing PGK1 has a potential beneficial effect for preventing restenosis.
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Xu J, Wang Y, Gomez-Salazar MA, Hsu GCY, Negri S, Li Z, Hardy W, Ding L, Peault B, James AW. Bone-forming perivascular cells: Cellular heterogeneity and use for tissue repair. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1427-1434. [PMID: 34252260 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells are broadly distributed across perivascular niches-an observation conserved between species. One common histologic zone with a high frequency of mesenchymal progenitor cells within mammalian tissues is the tunica adventitia, the outer layer of blood vessel walls populated by cells with a fibroblastic morphology. The diversity and functions of (re)generative cells present in this outermost perivascular niche are under intense investigation; we have reviewed herein our current knowledge of adventitial cell potential with a somewhat narrow focus on bone formation. Antigens of interest to functionally segregate adventicytes are discussed, including CD10, CD107a, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms, and CD140a among others. Purified adventicytes (such as CD10+ , CD107alow , and CD140a+ cells) have stronger osteogenic potential and promote bone formation in vivo. Recent bone tissue engineering applications of adventitial cells are also presented. A better understanding of perivascular progenitor cell subsets may represent a beneficial advance for future efforts in tissue repair and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Winters Hardy
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lijun Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Stem Cell Research, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Center For Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center For Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Balberova OV, Bykov EV, Shnayder NA, Petrova MM, Gavrilyuk OA, Kaskaeva DS, Soloveva IA, Petrov KV, Mozheyko EY, Medvedev GV, Nasyrova RF. The "Angiogenic Switch" and Functional Resources in Cyclic Sports Athletes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126496. [PMID: 34204341 PMCID: PMC8234968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity in cyclic sports can influence the so-called “angiogenic switch”, which is considered as an imbalance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. Disruption of the synthesis of angiogenic molecules can be caused by local changes in tissues under the influence of excessive physical exertion and its consequences, such as chronic oxidative stress and associated hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, sports injuries, etc. A review of publications on signaling pathways that activate and inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue under the influence of intense physical activity in cyclic sports. Materials: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical keys, and e-LIBRARY databases for full-text articles published from 2000 to 2020, using keywords and their combinations. Results: An important aspect of adaptation to training loads in cyclic sports is an increase in the number of capillaries in muscle fibers, which improves the metabolism of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as nervous and lung tissue. Recent studies have shown that myocardial endothelial cells not only respond to hemodynamic forces and paracrine signals from neighboring cells, but also take an active part in heart remodeling processes, stimulating the growth and contractility of cardiomyocytes or the production of extracellular matrix proteins in myofibroblasts. As myocardial vascularization plays a central role in the transition from adaptive heart hypertrophy to heart failure, further study of the signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the myocardium is important in sports practice. The study of the “angiogenic switch” problem in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems allows us to claim that the formation of new vessels is mediated by a complex interaction of all growth factors. Although the lungs are one of the limiting systems of the body in cyclic sports, their response to high-intensity loads and other environmental stresses is often overlooked. Airway epithelial cells are the predominant source of several growth factors throughout lung organogenesis and appear to be critical for normal alveolarization, rapid alveolar proliferation, and normal vascular development. There are many controversial questions about the role of growth factors in the physiology and pathology of the lungs. The presented review has demonstrated that when doing sports, it is necessary to give a careful consideration to the possible positive and negative effects of growth factors on muscles, myocardium, lung tissue, and brain. Primarily, the “angiogenic switch” is important in aerobic sports (long distance running). Conclusions: Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of new blood capillaries, which play an important role in the functioning of skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue in athletes. Violation of the “angiogenic switch” as a balance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules can lead to a decrease in the functional resources of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in athletes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Balberova
- Research Institute of Olympic Sports, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 454091 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
| | - Evgeny V. Bykov
- Research Institute of Olympic Sports, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 454091 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Shnayder
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Oksana A. Gavrilyuk
- The Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Family Medicine and Healthy Lifesttyle with a Course of PE, V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Daria S. Kaskaeva
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Irina A. Soloveva
- Department of Hospital Therapy and Immunology with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Petrov
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (K.V.P.); (E.Y.M.)
| | - Elena Y. Mozheyko
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (K.V.P.); (E.Y.M.)
| | - German V. Medvedev
- R. R. Vreden National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Department of Hand Surgery with Microsurgical Equipment, 195427 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
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55
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Zhong L, Li Y, Xiong L, Wang W, Wu M, Yuan T, Yang W, Tian C, Miao Z, Wang T, Yang S. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:201. [PMID: 34054126 PMCID: PMC8165101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs still face many challenges, such as a low response rate and drug resistance. To better promote the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs, we conducted a comprehensive review of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs according to the target classification. We present all the approved drugs as well as important drug candidates in clinical trials for each target, discuss the current challenges, and provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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56
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Purcaru OS, Artene SA, Barcan E, Silosi CA, Stanciu I, Danoiu S, Tudorache S, Tataranu LG, Dricu A. The Interference between SARS-CoV-2 and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4830. [PMID: 34063231 PMCID: PMC8124491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and viruses have a long history that has evolved over many decades. Much information about the interplay between viruses and cell proliferation and metabolism has come from the history of clinical cases of patients infected with virus-induced cancer. In addition, information from viruses used to treat some types of cancer is valuable. Now, since the global coronavirus pandemic erupted almost a year ago, the scientific community has invested countless time and resources to slow down the infection rate and diminish the number of casualties produced by this highly infectious pathogen. A large percentage of cancer cases diagnosed are strongly related to dysregulations of the tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) family and its downstream signaling pathways. As such, many therapeutic agents have been developed to strategically target these structures in order to hinder certain mechanisms pertaining to the phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells such as division, invasion or metastatic potential. Interestingly, several authors have pointed out that a correlation between coronaviruses such as the SARS-CoV-1 and -2 or MERS viruses and dysregulations of signaling pathways activated by TKRs can be established. This information may help to accelerate the repurposing of clinically developed anti-TKR cancer drugs in COVID-19 management. Because the need for treatment is critical, drug repurposing may be an advantageous choice in the search for new and efficient therapeutic compounds. This approach would be advantageous from a financial point of view as well, given that the resources used for research and development would no longer be required and can be potentially redirected towards other key projects. This review aims to provide an overview of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with different TKRs and their respective downstream signaling pathway and how several therapeutic agents targeted against these receptors can interfere with the viral infection. Additionally, this review aims to identify if SARS-CoV-2 can be repurposed to be a potential viral vector against different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Stefana Purcaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Edmond Barcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Cristian Adrian Silosi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ilona Stanciu
- “Victor Babeş” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumophtisiology, Craiova, Str. Calea Bucuresti, nr. 126, 200525 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Stefania Tudorache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Emergency Hospital, Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
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Panagopoulos I, Heim S. Interstitial Deletions Generating Fusion Genes. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:167-196. [PMID: 33893073 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion gene is the physical juxtaposition of two different genes resulting in a structure consisting of the head of one gene and the tail of the other. Gene fusion is often a primary neoplasia-inducing event in leukemias, lymphomas, solid malignancies as well as benign tumors. Knowledge about fusion genes is crucial not only for our understanding of tumorigenesis, but also for the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Balanced chromosomal rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, are the most frequent genetic events leading to the generation of fusion genes. In the present review, we summarize the existing knowledge on chromosome deletions as a mechanism for fusion gene formation. Such deletions are mostly submicroscopic and, hence, not detected by cytogenetic analyses but by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and/or high throughput sequencing (HTS). They are found across the genome in a variety of neoplasias. As tumors are increasingly analyzed using aCGH and HTS, it is likely that more interstitial deletions giving rise to fusion genes will be found, significantly impacting our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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58
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EGFRvIII tumorigenicity requires PDGFRA co-signaling and reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:2682-2696. [PMID: 33707748 PMCID: PMC9159289 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Focal amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand-independent, constitutively active EGFRvIII mutant form are prominent oncogenic drivers in glioblastoma (GBM). The EGFRvIII gene rearrangement is considered to be an initiating event in the etiology of GBM, however, the mechanistic details of how EGFRvIII drives cellular transformation and tumor maintenance remain unclear. Here, we report that EGFRvIII demonstrates a reliance on PDGFRA co-stimulatory signaling during the tumorigenic process in a genetically engineered autochthonous GBM model. This dependency exposes liabilities that were leveraged using kinase inhibitors treatments in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), where simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of EGFRvIII and PDGFRA kinase activities is necessary for anti-tumor efficacy. Our work establishes that EGFRvIII-positive tumors have unexplored vulnerabilities to targeted agents concomitant to the EGFR kinase inhibitor repertoire.
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59
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Feldmann S, Grimm I, Stöhr D, Antonini C, Lischka P, Sinzger C, Stegmann C. Targeted mutagenesis on PDGFRα-Fc identifies amino acid modifications that allow efficient inhibition of HCMV infection while abolishing PDGF sequestration. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009471. [PMID: 33780515 PMCID: PMC8031885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) serves as an entry receptor for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and soluble PDGFRα-Fc can neutralize HCMV at a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of about 10 ng/ml. While this indicates a potential for usage as an HCMV entry inhibitor PDGFRα-Fc can also bind the physiological ligands of PDGFRα (PDGFs), which likely interferes with the respective signaling pathways and represents a potential source of side effects. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that interference with PDGF signaling can be prevented by mutations in PDGFRα-Fc or combinations thereof, without losing the inhibitory potential for HCMV. To this aim, a targeted mutagenesis approach was chosen. The mutations were quantitatively tested in biological assays for interference with PDGF-dependent signaling as well as inhibition of HCMV infection and biochemically for reduced affinity to PDGF-BB, facilitating quantification of PDGFRα-Fc selectivity for HCMV inhibition. Mutation of Ile 139 to Glu and Tyr 206 to Ser strongly reduced the affinity for PDGF-BB and hence interference with PDGF-dependent signaling. Inhibition of HCMV infection was less affected, thus increasing the selectivity by factor 4 and 8, respectively. Surprisingly, the combination of these mutations had an additive effect on binding of PDGF-BB but not on inhibition of HCMV, resulting in a synergistic 260fold increase of selectivity. In addition, a recently reported mutation, Val 242 to Lys, was included in the analysis. PDGFRα-Fc with this mutation was fully effective at blocking HCMV entry and had a drastically reduced affinity for PDGF-BB. Combining Val 242 to Lys with Ile 139 to Glu and/or Tyr 206 to Ser further reduced PDGF ligand binding beyond detection. In conclusion, this targeted mutagenesis approach identified combinations of mutations in PDGFRα-Fc that prevent interference with PDGF-BB but maintain inhibition of HCMV, which qualifies such mutants as candidates for the development of HCMV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Feldmann
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Stöhr
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Antonini
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Peter Lischka
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Sinzger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSi); (CSt)
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSi); (CSt)
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60
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Bahmad HF, Jalloul M, Azar J, Moubarak MM, Samad TA, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: Toward Identification of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:652747. [PMID: 33841508 PMCID: PMC8033163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite sensitivity to androgen deprivation, patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance to therapy and may die of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key challenge in the management of PCa is the clinical heterogeneity that is hard to predict using existing biomarkers. Defining molecular biomarkers for PCa that can reliably aid in diagnosis and distinguishing patients who require aggressive therapy from those who should avoid overtreatment is a significant unmet need. Mechanisms underlying the development of PCa are not confined to cancer epithelial cells, but also involve the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk between epithelial cells and stroma in PCa has been shown to play an integral role in disease progression and metastasis. A number of key markers of reactive stroma has been identified including stem/progenitor cell markers, stromal-derived mediators of inflammation, regulators of angiogenesis, connective tissue growth factors, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. Here, we provide a synopsis of the stromal-epithelial crosstalk in PCa focusing on the relevant molecular biomarkers pertaining to the tumor microenvironment and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abdul Samad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Structural studies of full-length receptor tyrosine kinases and their implications for drug design. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 124:311-336. [PMID: 33632469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important drug targets for cancer and immunological disorders. Crystal structures of individual RTK domains have contributed greatly to the structure-based drug design of clinically used drugs. Low-resolution structures from electron microscopy are now available for the RTKs, EGFR, PDGFR, and Kit. However, there are still no high-resolution structures of full-length RTKs due to the technical challenges of working with these complex, membrane proteins. Here, we review what has been learned from structural studies of these three RTKs regarding their mechanisms of ligand binding, activation, oligomerization, and inhibition. We discuss the implications for drug design. More structural data on full-length RTKs may facilitate the discovery of druggable sites and drugs with improved specificity and effectiveness against resistant mutants.
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Early CSF Biomarkers and Late Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury. A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239037. [PMID: 33261156 PMCID: PMC7729583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, biomarkers are regarded as an important tool for monitoring injury severity and treatment efficacy, and for predicting clinical evolution in many neurological diseases and disorders including spinal cord injury, there is still a lack of reliable biomarkers for the assessment of clinical course and patient outcome. In this study, a biological dataset of 60 cytokines/chemokines, growth factorsm and intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins, analyzed in CSF within 24 h of injury, was used for correlation analysis with the clinical dataset of the same patients. A heat map was generated of positive and negative correlations between biomarkers and clinical rating scale scores at discharge, and between biomarkers and changes in clinical scores during the observation period. Using very stringent statistical criteria, we found 10 molecules which correlated with clinical scores at discharge, and five molecules, which correlated with changes in clinical scores. The proposed methodology may be useful for generating hypotheses regarding "predictive" and "treatment effectiveness" biomarkers, thereby suggesting potential candidates for disease-modifying therapies using a "bed-to-bench" approach.
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63
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Anti-cancer potential of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves via the PDGFR-Rac-JNK pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18119. [PMID: 33093618 PMCID: PMC7581826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon leaves are known to have some beneficial effects, including ROS elimination, lipid circulation, and neuronal protection. However, their anti-cancer properties and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we show that treatment with the ethanol extract of persimmon, Diospyros kaki, leaves (EEDK) induces cancer cell death and inhibits cell proliferation. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology with genetically-encoded biosensors, we first found that EEDK stimulates a PDGFR-Rac signaling cascade in live cells. Moreover, we found that downstream of the PDGFR-Rac pathway, JNKs are activated by EEDK. In contrast, JNK-downstream inhibitors, such as CoCl2, T-5224, and pepstatin A, attenuated EEDK-induced cell death. Thus, we illustrate that the PDGFR-Rac-JNK signaling axis is triggered by EEDK, leading to cancer cell death, suggesting the extract of persimmon leaves may be a promising anti-cancer agent.
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64
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Fischer NG, Münchow EA, Tamerler C, Bottino MC, Aparicio C. Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8713-8747. [PMID: 32747882 PMCID: PMC7544669 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental clinicians have relied for centuries on traditional dental materials (polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites) to restore oral health and function to patients. Clinical outcomes for many crucial dental therapies remain poor despite many decades of intense research on these materials. Recent attention has been paid to biomolecules as a chassis for engineered preventive, restorative, and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Indeed, biomolecules represent a uniquely versatile and precise tool to enable the design and development of bioinspired multifunctional dental materials to spur advancements in dentistry. In this review, we survey the range of biomolecules that have been used across dental biomaterials. Our particular focus is on the key biological activity imparted by each biomolecule toward prevention of dental and oral diseases as well as restoration of oral health. Additional emphasis is placed on the structure-function relationships between biomolecules and their biological activity, the unique challenges of each clinical condition, limitations of conventional therapies, and the advantages of each class of biomolecule for said challenge. Biomaterials for bone regeneration are not reviewed as numerous existing reviews on the topic have been recently published. We conclude our narrative review with an outlook on the future of biomolecules in dental biomaterials and potential avenues of innovation for biomaterial-based patient oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Olson JL, Groman S, Velez-Montoya R. Bioceramic implant reduces intraocular VEGF levels. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108227. [PMID: 32898514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intraocular levels of angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been implicated the development of diabetic retinopathy. Over a decade of clinical evidence shows intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents is associated with decreased disease progression and preservation of vision. However, the treatment burden associated with monthly injections limits the effectiveness of existing anti-VEGF therapies. Current research has focused on sustained treatment paradigms such as longer acting drugs, drug delivery implants, and gene therapy. In this study, we tested a novel approach by dialyzing proteins from the vitreous using bioceramic implant composed of hydroxyapatite. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate a high affinity and capacity for VEGF absorption. After three months implantation in New Zealand White Cross rabbits, the hydroxyapatite demonstrated good biocompatibility with no inflammation and normal retinal physiology and histology. These studies demonstrate that prolonged VEGF suppression intraocularly may be accomplished with a bioceramic implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Olson
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sergio Groman
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raul Velez-Montoya
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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66
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Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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67
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Aşık MD, Gürsoy S, Akkaya M, Kozacı LD, Doğan M, Bozkurt M. Microarray analysis of cartilage: comparison between damaged and non-weight-bearing healthy cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:456-464. [PMID: 31142155 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1611797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM A limited healing response to focal cartilage lesions is frequently encountered in the clinical cartilage pathology. This study compares the gene expression patterns of damaged and undamaged regions of cartilage obtained from the same patient with focal cartilage lesions. The aim of this study is to provide new genes and proteins, which may be a potential future target of research. METHODS During the autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) surgery, cartilage tissues (healthy non-weight bearing and Damaged-lesion side) were obtained from 10 patients with knee focal cartilage lesions. The degeneration status of the cartilage was characterized according to ICRS criteria. Whole genome microarray gene expression profiling was performed and some of the differentially regulated genes were validated with RT-PCR. RESULTS Damaged and undamaged non-weight bearing cartilage showed distinct gene expression profiles. Genes involved in cell signaling, matrix degradation, hypoxia, and the inflammatory response showed significant up- or down-regulation. In the focal lesions, expression of genes such as HIF1α, TIMP-2, EID1, EID2, NCOA3, NBR1, SP100, and HSP90AA1 was significantly higher compared to healthy non-weight bearing cartilage from the same joint, whereas TIMP-4 was lower. CONCLUSION The genes examined in this study differ distinctly between focal cartilage (ICRS 3-4) lesions and undamaged sites of the same joint. We believe that the data set forth in this study may be used for clinical purposes and be a guide in the development of new biological approaches for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Doğan Aşık
- Department of Musculoskeletal System and Regenerative Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safa Gürsoy
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkaya
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Didem Kozacı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Doğan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Bozkurt
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey
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68
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Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104926. [PMID: 32882323 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging viral infectious disease with a high case fatality rate, is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although several cellular molecules involved in viral entry have been identified, the entry mechanisms of SFTSV remain unclear. In this study, we screened the protein kinase inhibitors in inhibitory effects on the infection of Vero cells with SFTSV using InhibitorSelect™ Protein Kinase Library Series (Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Several types of inhibitors targeted to platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) inhibited the infection of Vero, Huh7, and NIH3T3 cells with SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner within the noncytotoxic range. In addition, these protein kinase inhibitors also inhibited the infection of the target cells with SFTSV glycoprotein (SFTSV-GP) pseudotyped virus (SFTSVpv). Activation of PDGFRβ phosphorylation was detected in SFTSV-treated cells. The infectivities of SFTSVpv were specifically decreased not only in NIH3T3 cells treated with siRNA for PDGFRβ but also in NIH3T3 cells treated with anti-PDGFRβ neutralizing antibody in a dose-dependent manner. SFTSV growth and entry of SFTSVpv were also inhibited by Akt inhibitors. Activation of Akt phosphorylation was also detected in SFTSV-treated cells. These data indicate that PDGFRβ is one of the important host factors in the entry steps of SFTSV.
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69
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White SJ, Chong JJH. Growth factor therapy for cardiac repair: an overview of recent advances and future directions. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:805-815. [PMID: 32691300 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease represents a significant public health burden and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality at the level of the individual. Current therapies for pathologies such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure are unable to repair damaged tissue to an extent that provides restoration of function approaching that of the pre-diseased state. Novel approaches to repair and regenerate the injured heart include cell therapy and the use of exogenous factors. Improved understanding of the role of growth factors in endogenous cardiac repair processes has motivated the investigation of their potential as therapeutic agents for cardiac pathology. Despite the disappointing performance of other growth factors in historical clinical trials, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), neuregulin and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have recently emerged as new candidate therapies. These growth factors elicit tissue repair through anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic and fibrosis-modulating mechanisms and have produced clinically significant functional improvement in preclinical studies. Early human trials suggest that IGF-1 and neuregulin are well tolerated and yield dose-dependent benefit, warranting progression to later phase studies. However, outstanding challenges such as short growth factor serum half-life and insufficient target-organ specificity currently necessitate the development of novel delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J White
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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70
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Shen S, Wang F, Fernandez A, Hu W. Role of platelet-derived growth factor in type II diabetes mellitus and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120942119. [PMID: 32744067 PMCID: PMC7510352 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120942119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with multiple serious complications, such as diabetic neuropathies, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic foot. Platelet-derived growth factors are growth factors that regulate cell growth and division, playing a critical role in diabetes and its harmful complications. This review focused on the cellular mechanism of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors on diabetes development. Furthermore, we raise some proper therapeutic molecular targets for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Shen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen,
China
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School
of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School
of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Weining Hu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen,
China
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Nery de Albuquerque Rego G, da Hora Alves A, Penteado Nucci M, Bustamante Mamani J, Anselmo de Oliveira F, Gamarra LF. Antiangiogenic Targets for Glioblastoma Therapy from a Pre-Clinical Approach, Using Nanoformulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124490. [PMID: 32599834 PMCID: PMC7349965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor type whose resistance to conventional treatment is mediated, in part, by the angiogenic process. New treatments involving the application of nanoformulations composed of encapsulated drugs coupled to peptide motifs that direct drugs to specific targets triggered in angiogenesis have been developed to reach and modulate different phases of this process. We performed a systematic review with the search criterion (Glioblastoma OR Glioma) AND (Therapy OR Therapeutic) AND (Nanoparticle) AND (Antiangiogenic OR Angiogenesis OR Anti-angiogenic) in Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, in which 312 articles were identified; of these, only 27 articles were included after selection and analysis of eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of the articles were analyzed in five contexts: the characteristics of the tumor cells; the animal models used to induce GBM for antiangiogenic treatment; the composition of nanoformulations and their physical and chemical characteristics; the therapeutic anti-angiogenic process; and methods for assessing the effects on antiangiogenic markers caused by therapies. The articles included in the review were heterogeneous and varied in practically all aspects related to nanoformulations and models. However, there was slight variance in the antiangiogenic effect analysis. CD31 was extensively used as a marker, which does not provide a view of the effects on the most diverse aspects involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, the present review highlighted the need for standardization between the different approaches of antiangiogenic therapy for the GBM model that allows a more effective meta-analysis and that helps in future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arielly da Hora Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (G.N.d.A.R.); (A.d.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.d.O.)
| | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- LIM44-Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Javier Bustamante Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (G.N.d.A.R.); (A.d.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.d.O.)
| | | | - Lionel Fernel Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (G.N.d.A.R.); (A.d.H.A.); (J.B.M.); (F.A.d.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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Park J, Gill KS, Aghajani AA, Heredia JD, Choi H, Oberstein A, Procko E. Engineered receptors for human cytomegalovirus that are orthogonal to normal human biology. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008647. [PMID: 32559251 PMCID: PMC7329128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A trimeric glycoprotein complex on the surface of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) binds to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα) to mediate host cell recognition and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Soluble PDGFRα potently neutralizes HCMV in tissue culture, and its potential use as an antiviral therapeutic has the benefit that any escape mutants will likely be attenuated. However, PDGFRα binds multiple PDGF ligands in the human body as part of developmental programs in embryogenesis and continuing through adulthood. Any therapies with soluble receptor therefore come with serious efficacy and safety concerns, especially for the treatment of congenital HCMV. Soluble virus receptors that are orthogonal to human biology might resolve these concerns. This engineering problem is solved by deep mutational scanning on the D2-D3 domains of PDGFRα to identify variants that maintain interactions with the HCMV glycoprotein trimer in the presence of competing PDGF ligands. Competition by PDGFs is conformation-dependent, whereas HCMV trimer binding is independent of proper D2-D3 conformation, and many mutations at the receptor-PDGF interface are suitable for functionally separating trimer from PDGF interactions. Purified soluble PDGFRα carrying a targeted mutation succeeded in displaying wild type affinity for HCMV trimer with a simultaneous loss of PDGF binding, and neutralizes trimer-only and trimer/pentamer-expressing HCMV strains infecting fibroblasts or epithelial cells. Overall, this work makes important progress in the realization of soluble HCMV receptors for clinical application. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes severe disease in transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients, and infections in a fetus or neonate are responsible for life-long neurological defects. Cell entry is in part mediated by a trimeric glycoprotein complex on the viral surface, which binds tightly to the host receptor PDGFRα. The soluble extracellular region of PDGFRα can be used as an antiviral agent to potently neutralize the virus in vitro. However, PDGFRα ordinarily binds growth factors in the human body to regulate developmental programs, which will limit the in vivo efficacy and safety of soluble PDGFRα. Using saturation mutagenesis and selections in human cell culture, mutations in PDGFRα are identified that eliminate off-target growth factor interactions while preserving HCMV binding and neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kevin Sean Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ali Asghar Aghajani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah Dallas Heredia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hannah Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Adam Oberstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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73
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McAulay K, Hoyt EA, Thomas M, Schimpl M, Bodnarchuk MS, Lewis HJ, Barratt D, Bhavsar D, Robinson DM, Deery MJ, Ogg DJ, Bernardes GJL, Ward RA, Waring MJ, Kettle JG. Alkynyl Benzoxazines and Dihydroquinazolines as Cysteine Targeting Covalent Warheads and Their Application in Identification of Selective Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10358-10372. [PMID: 32412754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With a resurgence in interest in covalent drugs, there is a need to identify new moieties capable of cysteine bond formation that are differentiated from commonly employed systems such as acrylamide. Herein, we report on the discovery of new alkynyl benzoxazine and dihydroquinazoline moieties capable of covalent reaction with cysteine. Their utility as alternative electrophilic warheads for chemical biological probes and drug molecules is demonstrated through site-selective protein modification and incorporation into kinase drug scaffolds. A potent covalent inhibitor of JAK3 kinase was identified with superior selectivity across the kinome and improvements in in vitro pharmacokinetic profile relative to the related acrylamide-based inhibitor. In addition, the use of a novel heterocycle as a cysteine reactive warhead is employed to target Cys788 in c-KIT, where acrylamide has previously failed to form covalent interactions. These new reactive and selective heterocyclic warheads supplement the current repertoire for cysteine covalent modification while avoiding some of the limitations generally associated with established moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily A Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | - Derek Barratt
- Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Deepa Bhavsar
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
| | - Derek J Ogg
- Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidad de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Michael J Waring
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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Chen WF, Liu ZQ, Pu ZN, Xu JQ, Yao L, Wu XY, Xu XY, Xu JX, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhu L, Zhou PH, Li QL. Multiplex immunoassays reveal increased serum cytokines and chemokines associated with the subtypes of achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13832. [PMID: 32134545 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder with unknown etiology. Previous findings indicate that immune-mediated inflammatory process causes inhibitory neuronal degeneration. This study was designed to evaluate levels of serological cytokines and chemokines in patients with achalasia. METHODS We collected information from forty-seven patients with achalasia who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy. Control samples were collected from forty-seven age- and sex-matched healthy people. The concentrations of serological cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by Luminex xMAP immunoassay. Serological and clinical data were compared between groups. KEY RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, achalasia patients had significantly increased concentrations of eleven cytokines and chemokines, namely, TGF-ß1 (P < .001), TGF-ß2 (P < .001), TGF-ß3 (P < .001), IL-1ra (P < .001), IL-17 (P = .005), IL-18 (P < .001), IFN-γ (P < .001), MIG (P < .001), PDGF-BB (P < .001), IP-10 (P = .003), and SCGF-B (P < .001). Gene ontology (GO) and network functional enrichment analysis revealed regulation of signaling receptor activity and receptor-ligand activity were the most related pathways of these cytokines and chemokines. Levels of twelve cytokines and chemokines were significantly increased in type III compared with I/II achalasia, namely, TGF-ß2, IL-1ra, IL-2Ra, IL-18, MIG, IFN-γ, SDF-1a, Eotaxin, PDGF-BB, IP-10, MCP-1, and TRAIL. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Patients with achalasia exhibited increased levels of serological cytokines and chemokines. Levels of cytokines and chemokines were significantly increased in type III than in type I/II achalasia. Cytokines and chemokines might contribute to the inflammatory development of achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zu-Qiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Ning Pu
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao-Yue Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xin Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Di Santo MC, Alaimo A, Acebedo SL, Spagnuolo C, Pozner R, Pérez OE. Biological responses induced by high molecular weight chitosan administrated jointly with Platelet-derived Growth Factors in different mammalian cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:953-967. [PMID: 32423872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied cellular responses known to be involved in tissue regeneration, such as proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis under High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWC) and recombinant Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) treatments using an in vitro cell culture approach. We also analysed changes in mitochondrial dynamics that could be associated with such biological responses. For this proposes, endothelial human cell lines (EA.hy926 and ECFC) and 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts were used. The intracellular uptake of HMWC and their co-localization with acidic compartments were evaluated. Our results show that HMWC enhance PDGF-induced proliferation and cell migration in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. An increase in PDGF-induced mitochondrial fragmentation was observed in 3T3-L1 cell line, but not in EA.hy926 cells, after the addition of HMWC. Endothelial cells, EA.hy926 and ECFC, potentiate their tubulogenesis capacity with the only addition of HMWC. The HMWC/PDGF-BB treatment notably enhanced tubule formation showing a synergistic effect when act combined in cell culture medium. The knowledge of these cellular responses can be used to design new tissue repair strategies using HMWC and PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carolina Di Santo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sofía Lorena Acebedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla Spagnuolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roberto Pozner
- Laboratorio Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Edgardo Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kardas G, Daszyńska-Kardas A, Marynowski M, Brząkalska O, Kuna P, Panek M. Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in Asthma as an Immunoregulatory Factor Mediating Airway Remodeling and Possible Pharmacological Target. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116722 PMCID: PMC7033439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and heterogenic disease of the respiratory system, one of the most common lung diseases worldwide. The underlying pathologies, which are chronic inflammatory process and airway remodeling (AR), are mediated by numerous cells and cytokines. Particularly interesting in this field is the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), one of the members of the human growth factor family. In this article, the authors analyze the available data on the role of PDGF in asthma in experimental models and in human research. PDGF is expressed in airway by various cells contributing to asthma pathogenesis—mast cells, eosinophils, and airway epithelial cells. Research confirms the thesis that this factor is also secreted by these cells in the course of asthma. The main effects of PDGF on bronchi are the proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, migration of ASM cells into the epithelium and enhanced collagen synthesis by lung fibroblasts. The importance of AR in asthma is well recognized and new therapies should also aim to manage it, possibly targeting PDGFRs. Further studies on new and already existing drugs, mediating the PDGF signaling and related to asthma are necessary. Several promising drugs from the tyrosine kinase inhibitors group, including nilotinib, imatinib masitinib, and sunitinib, are currently being clinically tested and other molecules are likely to emerge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kardas
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Marynowski
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Oliwia Brząkalska
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Exploring receptor tyrosine kinases-inhibitors in Cancer treatments. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are signaling enzymes responsible for the transfer of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) γ-phosphate to the tyrosine residues substrates. RTKs demonstrate essential roles in cellular growth, metabolism, differentiation, and motility. Anomalous expression of RTK customarily leads to cell growth dysfunction, which is connected to tumor takeover, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Understanding the structure, mechanisms of adaptive and acquired resistance, optimizing inhibition of RTKs, and eradicating cum minimizing the havocs of quiescence cancer cells is paramount.MainTextTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) vie with RTKs ATP-binding site for ATP and hitherto reduce tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, thus hampering the growth of cancer cells. TKIs can either be monoclonal antibodies that compete for the receptor’s extracellular domain or small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinase domain and prevent conformational changes that activate RTKs. Progression of cancer is related to aberrant activation of RTKs due to due to mutation, excessive expression, or autocrine stimulation.ConclusionsUnderstanding the modes of inhibition and structures of RTKs is germane to the design of novel and potent TKIs. This review shed light on the structures of tyrosine kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, minimizing imatinib associated toxicities, optimization of tyrosine kinase inhibition in curtailing quiescence in cancer cells and the prospects of receptor tyrosine kinase based treatments.
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He S, Chen M, Lin X, Lv Z, Liang R, Huang L. Triptolide inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of ASMCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppression of the AKT/NF-κB/cyclinD1 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172811. [PMID: 31756335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is a hallmark of airway remodeling. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is known to be a major stimulus inducing the proliferation of ASMCs. It has been reported that triptolide demonstrates protective effects against airway remodeling. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of triptolide on PDGF-induced ASMCs and its underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry was used to study the influence of triptolide on cell cycle and apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Proteins involved in the protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Triptolide could significantly inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and reduce the expression of PCNA, cyclinD1, and CDK4 in PDGF-treated ASMCs. Levels of phosphorylated AKT, p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) stimulated by the presence of PDGF were markedly suppressed after triptolide treatment. Moreover, triptolide cotreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k) inhibitor, 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenylchromone (LY294002), could further suppress the proliferation, NF-κB activation and cyclinD1 expression. Similar results were observed after triptolide cotreatment with the NF-κB inhibitor, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC). Our results suggest that triptolide could inhibit the PDGF-induced proliferation of ASMCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppression of the AKT/NF-κB/cyclinD1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruiyun Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Linjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Yang Y, Dodbele S, Park T, Glass R, Bhat K, Sulman EP, Zhang Y, Abounader R. MicroRNA-29a inhibits glioblastoma stem cells and tumor growth by regulating the PDGF pathway. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:23-34. [PMID: 31482267 PMCID: PMC10880555 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in cancer regulation. In this study, we investigated the expression, functional effects and mechanisms of action of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS miR-29a expression levels in GBM cells, stem cells (GSCs) and human tumors as well as normal astrocytes and normal brain were measured by quantitative PCR. miR-29a targets were uncovered by target prediction algorithms, and verified by immunoblotting and 3' UTR reporter assays. The effects of miR-29a on cell proliferation, death, migration and invasion were assessed with cell counting, Annexin V-PE/7AAD flow cytometry, scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively. Orthotopic xenografts were used to determine the effects of miR-29a on tumor growth. RESULTS Mir-29a was downregulated in human GBM specimens, GSCs and GBM cell lines. Exogenous expression of miR-29a inhibited GSC and GBM cell growth and induced apoptosis. miR-29a also inhibited GBM cell migration and invasion. PDGFC and PDGFA were uncovered and validated as direct targets of miR-29a in GBM. miR-29a downregulated PDGFC and PDGFA expressions at the transcriptional and translational levels. PDGFC and PDGFA expressions in GBM tumors, GSCs, and GBM established cell lines were higher than in normal brain and human astrocytes. Mir-29a expression inhibited orthotopic GBM xenograft growth. CONCLUSIONS miR-29a is a tumor suppressor miRNA in GBM, where it inhibits cancer stem cells and tumor growth by regulating the PDGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Samantha Dodbele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Yamaguchi M, Tomihara K, Heshiki W, Sakurai K, Sekido K, Tachinami H, Moniruzzaman R, Inoue S, Fujiwara K, Noguchi M. Astaxanthin ameliorates cisplatin‐induced damage in normal human fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/osi2.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoho Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Kei Tomihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Wataru Heshiki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Kotaro Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Sekido
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Hidetake Tachinami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Rohan Moniruzzaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Sayaka Inoue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Saiseikai Toyama Hospital Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujiwara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
| | - Makoto Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama Toyama city Toyama Japan
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Diwanji D, Thaker T, Jura N. More than the sum of the parts: Toward full-length receptor tyrosine kinase structures. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:706-720. [PMID: 31046201 PMCID: PMC6531341 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication governs complex physiological processes ranging from growth and development to the maintenance of cellular and organ homeostasis. In nearly all metazoans, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are central players in these diverse and fundamental signaling processes. Aberrant RTK signaling is at the root of many developmental diseases and cancers and it remains a key focus of targeted therapies, several of which have achieved considerable success in patients. These therapeutic advances in targeting RTKs have been propelled by numerous genetic, biochemical, and structural studies detailing the functions and molecular mechanisms of regulation and activation of RTKs. The latter in particular have proven to be instrumental for the development of new drugs, selective targeting of mutant forms of RTKs found in disease, and counteracting ensuing drug resistance. However, to this day, such studies have not yet yielded high-resolution structures of intact RTKs that encompass the extracellular and intracellular domains and the connecting membrane-spanning transmembrane domain. Technically challenging to obtain, these structures are instrumental to complete our understanding of the mechanisms by which RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and of the effect of pathological mutations that do not directly reside in the catalytic sites of tyrosine kinase domains. In this review, we focus on the recent progress toward obtaining such structures and the insights already gained by structural studies of the subdomains of the receptors that belong to the epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor RTK families. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):706-720, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Diwanji
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tarjani Thaker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Mapping Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Dimerization to Receptor Expression and Ligand Affinities. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) ligation and dimerization is a key mechanism for translating external cell stimuli into internal signaling events. This process is critical to several key cell and physiological processes, such as in angiogenesis and embryogenesis, among others. While modulating RTK activation is a promising therapeutic target, RTK signaling axes have been shown to involve complicated interactions between ligands and receptors both within and across different protein families. In angiogenesis, for example, several signaling protein families, including vascular endothelial growth factors and platelet-derived growth factors, exhibit significant cross-family interactions that can influence pathway activation. Computational approaches can provide key insight to detangle these signaling pathways but have been limited by the sparse knowledge of these cross-family interactions. Here, we present a framework for studying known and potential non-canonical interactions. We constructed generalized models of RTK ligation and dimerization for systems of two, three and four receptor types and different degrees of cross-family ligation. Across each model, we developed parameter-space maps that fully determine relative pathway activation for any set of ligand-receptor binding constants, ligand concentrations and receptor concentrations. Therefore, our generalized models serve as a powerful reference tool for predicting not only known ligand: Receptor axes but also how unknown interactions could alter signaling dimerization patterns. Accordingly, it will drive the exploration of cross-family interactions and help guide therapeutic developments across processes like cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which depend on RTK-mediated signaling.
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83
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The N Terminus of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein O Is Important for Binding to the Cellular Receptor PDGFRα. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00138-19. [PMID: 30894468 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00138-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gO is required for the infection of cells by cell-free virions. It was recently shown that entry into fibroblasts depends on the interaction of gO with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). This interaction can be blocked with soluble PDGFRα-Fc, which binds to HCMV virions and inhibits entry. The aim of this study was to identify parts of gO that contribute to PDGFRα binding. In a systematic mutational approach, we targeted potential interaction sites by exchanging conserved clusters of charged amino acids of gO with alanines. To screen for impaired interaction with PDGFRα, virus mutants were tested for sensitivity to inhibition by soluble PDGFRα-Fc. Two mutants with mutations within the N terminus of gO (amino acids 56 to 61 and 117 to 121) were partially resistant to neutralization. To validate whether these mutations impair interaction with PDGFRα-Fc, we compared binding of PDGFRα-Fc to mutant and wild-type virions via quantitative immunofluorescence analysis. PDGFRα-Fc staining intensities were reduced by 30% to 60% with mutant virus particles compared to wild-type particles. In concordance with the reduced binding to the soluble receptor, virus penetration into fibroblasts, which relies on binding to the cellular PDGFRα, was also reduced. In contrast, PDGFRα-independent penetration into endothelial cells was unaltered, demonstrating that the phenotypes of the gO mutant viruses were specific for the interaction with PDGFRα. In conclusion, the mutational screening of gO revealed that the N terminus of gO contributes to efficient spread in fibroblasts by promoting the interaction of virions with its cellular receptor.IMPORTANCE The human cytomegalovirus is a highly prevalent pathogen that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. Currently used drugs successfully target the viral replication within the host cell, but their use is restricted due to side effects and the development of resistance. An alternative approach is the inhibition of virus entry, for which understanding the details of the initial virus-cell interaction is desirable. As binding of the viral gH/gL/gO complex to the cellular PDGFRα drives infection of fibroblasts, this is a potential target for inhibition of infection. Our mutational mapping approach suggests the N terminus as the receptor binding portion of the protein. The respective mutants were partially resistant to inhibition by PDGFRα-Fc but also attenuated for infection of fibroblasts, indicating that such mutations have little if any benefit for the virus. These findings highlight the potential of targeting the interaction of gH/gL/gO with PDGFRα for therapeutic inhibition of HCMV.
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Friedman Ohana R, Hurst R, Rosenblatt M, Levin S, Machleidt T, Kirkland TA, Encell LP, Robers MB, Wood KV. Utilizing a Simple Method for Stoichiometric Protein Labeling to Quantify Antibody Blockade. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7046. [PMID: 31065015 PMCID: PMC6504924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding assays routinely employ fluorescently-labeled protein ligands to quantify the extent of binding. These ligands are commonly generated through chemical modification of accessible lysine residues, which often results in heterogeneous populations exhibiting variable binding properties. This could be remedied by quantitative, site-specific labeling. Recently, we reported on a single-step method integrating recombinant protein purification with 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) condensation for labeling a proteolytically exposed N-terminal cysteine. Here, using three growth factors, we show that unlike random lysine labeling, this site-specific approach yielded homogeneous populations of growth factors that were quantitatively labeled at their N-termini and retained their binding characteristics. We demonstrate the utility of this labeling method through the development of a novel assay that quantifies the capacity of antibodies to block receptor-ligand interactions (i.e. antibody blockade). The assay uses bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect binding of CBT-labeled growth factors to their cognate receptors genetically fused to NanoLuc luciferase. The ability of antibodies to block these interactions is quantified through decrease in BRET. Using several antibodies, we show that the assay provides reliable quantification of antibody blockade in a cellular context. As demonstrated here, this simple method for generating uniformly-labeled proteins has potential to promote more accurate and robust ligand binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Mike Rosenblatt
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Sergiy Levin
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Dr, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Thomas A Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Dr, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | - Lance P Encell
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Matthew B Robers
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Keith V Wood
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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85
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Chen CY, Wu SM, Lin YH, Chi HC, Lin SL, Yeh CT, Chuang WY, Lin KH. Induction of nuclear protein-1 by thyroid hormone enhances platelet-derived growth factor A mediated angiogenesis in liver cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2361-2379. [PMID: 31149049 PMCID: PMC6531305 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Many studies indicate that disruption of cellular thyroid hormone signaling promotes HCC progression. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of genes downstream of thyroid hormone actions in HCC have remained elusive. In the current study, we identified NUPR1 (nuclear protein-1), a stress-induced protein that overexpresses in various neoplasia, is upregulated by triiodothyronine/thyroid hormone receptor (T3/TR) signaling and aimed to elucidate its role in angiogenesis in cancer progression. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, luciferase promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to identify the NUPR1 regulatory mechanism by T3/TR. In vitro and In vivo vascular formations were performed to detect the angiogenic function of NUPR1. Human angiogenesis arrays were performed to identify the downstream angiogenic pathway. The sorafenib resistant ability of TR/NUPR1 was further examined in vitro and in vivo. Clinical relevance of TR, NUPR1 and platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) were investigate in HCC samples using qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: Our experiments disclosed positive regulation of NUPR1 expression by T3/TR through direct binding to the -2066 to -1910 region of the NUPR1 promoter. Elevated NUPR1 and TR expression link to poor survival in clinical HCC specimens. An analysis of clinicopathological parameters showed that expression of NUPR1 is associated with vascular invasion and pathology stage. Functional studies revealed that NUPR1 induced endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using a human angiogenesis array, we identified PDGFA as a target of NUPR1 in the downstream angiogenic pathway. NUPR1 induced transcription of PDGFA through direct binding to the corresponding promoter region, and inhibition of the PDGFA signaling pathway impaired angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Notably, the angiogenic effects of NUPR1/PDGFA were mediated by the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. TR/NUPR1 expression increased cell viability and resistance to sorafenib treatment. Moreover NUPR1 expression was positively correlated with TRα, TRβ, and PDGFA expression. Conclusions: We propose that the T3/TR/NUPR1/PDGFA/MEK/ERK axis has a vital role in hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest NUPR1 as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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86
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Shin W, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsuoka S, Tsubota A, Kimura K. Impaired adrenergic agonist-dependent beige adipocyte induction in obese mice. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:799-807. [PMID: 30956272 PMCID: PMC6612507 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes, which exist in brown adipose tissue (BAT), are activated by adrenergic
stimulation, depending on the activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Beige adipocytes
emerge from white adipose tissue (WAT) in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation. We
investigated obesity-related changes in responses of both types of adipocytes to
adrenergic stimulation in mice. Feeding of mice with high-fat diets (HFD: 45%-kcal fat)
for 14 weeks resulted in significantly higher body and WAT weight compared to feeding with
normal diets (ND: 10%-kcal fat). Injection with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist
CL316,243 (CL; 0.1 mg/kg, once a day) for one week elevated the mRNA and protein
expression levels of UCP1 in BAT, irrespective of diet. In WAT, CL-induced UCP1 expression
in ND mice; however, the responses to CL treatment were attenuated in HFD mice, indicating
that CL-induced browning of WAT was impaired in obese mice. Flow cytometric analysis
revealed a significant decrease in platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)
α-expressing beige adipocyte progenitors in WAT of HFD mice compared with those of ND
mice. Expression of PDGF-B, a PDGFRα ligand, increased in WAT following CL-injection in ND
mice, but not in HFD mice. Treatment of mice with a PDGFR inhibitor significantly
decreased CL-dependent UCP1 protein induction in WAT. Our study demonstrates that
β3-adrenergic stimulation-dependent beige adipocyte induction in WAT is impaired by
obesity in mice, potentially due to obesity-dependent reduction in the number of
PDGFRα-expressing progenitors and decreased PDGF-B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongchul Shin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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87
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Vrijens P, Noppen S, Boogaerts T, Vanstreels E, Ronca R, Chiodelli P, Laporte M, Vanderlinden E, Liekens S, Stevaert A, Naesens L. Influenza virus entry via the GM3 ganglioside-mediated platelet-derived growth factor receptor β signalling pathway. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:583-601. [PMID: 30762518 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible resistance of influenza virus against existing antiviral drugs calls for new therapeutic concepts. One appealing strategy is to inhibit virus entry, in particular at the stage of internalization. This requires a better understanding of virus-host interactions during the entry process, including the role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). To search for cellular targets, we evaluated a panel of 276 protein kinase inhibitors in a multicycle antiviral assay in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The RTK inhibitor Ki8751 displayed robust anti-influenza A and B virus activity and was selected for mechanistic investigations. Ki8751 efficiently disrupted the endocytic process of influenza virus in different cell lines carrying platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), an RTK that is known to act at GM3 ganglioside-positive lipid rafts. The more efficient virus entry in CHO-K1 cells compared to the wild-type ancestor (CHO-wt) cells indicated a positive effect of GM3, which is abundant in CHO-K1 but not in CHO-wt cells. Entering virus localized to GM3-positive lipid rafts and the PDGFRβ-containing endosomal compartment. PDGFRβ/GM3-dependent virus internalization involved PDGFRβ phosphorylation, which was potently inhibited by Ki8751, and desialylation of activated PDGFRβ by the viral neuraminidase. Virus uptake coincided with strong activation of the Raf/MEK/Erk cascade, but not of PI3K/Akt or phospholipase C-γ. We conclude that influenza virus efficiently hijacks the GM3-enhanced PDGFRβ signalling pathway for cell penetration, providing an opportunity for host cell-targeting antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vrijens
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Talitha Boogaerts
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Vanstreels
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Ronca
- 2Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- 2Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manon Laporte
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Vanderlinden
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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88
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Mondaca-Ruff D, Riquelme JA, Quiroga C, Norambuena-Soto I, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Villar-Fincheira P, Hernández-Díaz T, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martin A, García L, Lavandero S, Chiong M. Angiotensin II-Regulated Autophagy Is Required for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1553. [PMID: 30804791 PMCID: PMC6371839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease associated to increased plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II can regulate proliferation, migration, ROS production and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the mechanisms by which Ang II can affect VSMCs remain to be fully elucidated. In this context, autophagy, a process involved in self-digestion of proteins and organelles, has been described to regulate vascular remodeling. Therefore, we sought to investigate if Ang II regulates VSMC hypertrophy through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. To test this, we stimulated A7r5 cell line and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells with Ang II 100 nM and measured autophagic markers at 24 h by Western blot. Autophagosomes were quantified by visualizing fluorescently labeled LC3 using confocal microscopy. The results showed that treatment with Ang II increases Beclin-1, Vps34, Atg-12-Atg5, Atg4 and Atg7 protein levels, Beclin-1 phosphorylation, as well as the number of autophagic vesicles, suggesting that this peptide induces autophagy by activating phagophore initiation and elongation. These findings were confirmed by the assessment of autophagic flux by co-administering Ang II together with chloroquine (30 μM). Pharmacological antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) with losartan and RhoA/Rho Kinase inhibition prevented Ang II-induced autophagy. Moreover, Ang II-induced A7r5 hypertrophy, evaluated by α-SMA expression and cell size, was prevented upon autophagy inhibition. Taking together, our results suggest that the induction of autophagy by an AT1R/RhoA/Rho Kinase-dependent mechanism contributes to Ang II-induced hypertrophy in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Hernández-Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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89
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Higashi Y, Mummidi S, Sukhanov S, Yoshida T, Noda M, Delafontaine P, Chandrasekar B. Minocycline inhibits PDGF-BB-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by reversing miR-221- and -222-mediated RECK suppression. Cell Signal 2019; 57:10-20. [PMID: 30716386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known to exert vasculoprotective effects independent of its anti-bacterial properties; however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK) is a cell surface expressed, membrane anchored protein, and its overexpression inhibits cancer cell migration. We hypothesized that minocycline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration via RECK upregulation. Our data show that the BB homodimer of recombinant PDGF (PDGF-BB) induced SMC migration and proliferation, effects significantly blunted by pre-treatment with minocycline. Further investigations revealed that PDGF-BB induced PI3K-dependent AKT activation, ERK activation, reactive oxygen species generation, Nuclear Factor-κB and Activator Protein-1 activation, microRNA (miR)-221 and miR-222 induction, RECK suppression, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2 and 9) activation, effects that were reversed by minocycline. Notably, minocycline induced RECK expression dose-dependently within the therapeutic dose of 1-100 μM, and silencing RECK partially reversed the inhibitory effects of minocycline on PDGF-BB-induced MMP activation, and SMC proliferation and migration. Further, targeting MMP2 and MMP9 blunted PDGF-BB-induced SMC migration. Together, these results demonstrate that minocycline inhibits PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration by restoring RECK, an MMP inhibitor. These results indicate that the induction of RECK is one of the mechanisms by which minocycline exerts vasculoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, USA; Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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90
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Bredrup C, Stokowy T, McGaughran J, Lee S, Sapkota D, Cristea I, Xu L, Tveit KS, Høvding G, Steen VM, Rødahl E, Bruland O, Houge G. A tyrosine kinase-activating variant Asn666Ser in PDGFRB causes a progeria-like condition in the severe end of Penttinen syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:574-581. [PMID: 30573803 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense variants located to the "molecular brake" in the tyrosine kinase hinge region of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, encoded by PFGFRB, can cause Penttinen-type (Val665Ala) and Penttinen-like (Asn666His) premature ageing syndromes, as well as infantile myofibromatosis (Asn666Lys and Pro660Thr). We have found the same de novo PDGFRB c.1997A>G p.(Asn666Ser) variants in two patients with lipodystrophy, acro-osteolysis and severely reduced vision due to corneal neovascularisation, reminiscent of a severe form of Penttinen syndrome with more pronounced connective tissue destruction. In line with this phenotype, patient skin fibroblasts were prone to apoptosis. Both in patient fibroblasts and stably transduced HeLa and HEK293 cells, autophosphorylation of PDGFRβ was observed, as well as increased phosphorylation of downstream signalling proteins such as STAT1, PLCγ1, PTPN11/SHP2-Tyr580 and AKT. Phosphorylation of MAPK3 (ERK1) and PTPN11/SHP2-Tyr542 appeared unaffected. This suggests that this missense change not only weakens tyrosine kinase autoinhibition, but also influences substrate binding, as both PTPN11 tyrosines (Tyr542 and Tyr580) usually are phosphorylated upon PDGFR activation. Imatinib was a strong inhibitor of phosphorylation of all these targets, suggesting an option for precision medicine based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bredrup
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health QLD, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Samuel Lee
- Genetic Health QLD, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ileana Cristea
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kåre Steinar Tveit
- Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Høvding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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91
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Li D, Yang W, Arthur C, Liu JS, Cruz-Niera C, Yang MQ. Systems biology analysis reveals new insights into invasive lung cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:117. [PMID: 30547817 PMCID: PMC6293490 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is a pre-invasive lesion in the lung and a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. The patients with AIS can be cured by resecting the lesion completely. In contrast, the patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma have very poor 5-year survival rate. AIS can develop into invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The investigation and comparison of AIS and invasive lung adenocarcinoma at the genomic level can deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lung cancer development. Results In this study, we identified 61 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) invasive-specific differentially expressed genes, including nine long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) based on RNA sequencing techniques (RNA-seq) data from normal, AIS, and invasive tissue samples. These genes displayed concordant differential expression (DE) patterns in the independent stage III LUAD tissues obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq dataset. For individual invasive-specific genes, we constructed subnetworks using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions and lncRNA regulations. A total of 19 core subnetworks that consisted of invasive-specific genes and at least one putative lung cancer driver gene were identified by our study. Functional analysis of the core subnetworks revealed their enrichment in known pathways and biological progresses responsible for tumor growth and invasion, including the VEGF signaling pathway and the negative regulation of cell growth. Conclusions Our comparison analysis of invasive cases, normal and AIS uncovered critical genes that involved in the LUAD invasion progression. Furthermore, the GA-based network method revealed gene clusters that may function in the pathways contributing to tumor invasion. The interactions between differentially expressed genes and putative driver genes identified through the network analysis can offer new targets for preventing the cancer invasion and potentially increase the survival rate for cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0637-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - William Yang
- Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carolyn Arthur
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Jun S Liu
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, One Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Carolina Cruz-Niera
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.,Department of Information Science and Department of Computer Science, Member of United States National Academy of Engineering, George Washington Donaghey College of Engineering & IT, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
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92
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Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Chorioretinal Angiogenesis with Placental Growth Factor Upregulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15755. [PMID: 30361676 PMCID: PMC6202361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, which may also be associated with retinal vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and glaucoma. For this study, we established a hyperhomocysteinemia animal model to explore homocysteine (hcy)-related choroidal angiogenesis and possible related factors. We injected Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with different concentrations of hcy and performed color fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography, image-guided optical coherence tomography, and retinal histology to observe the retinal and choroidal changes. Subsequently, we observed prominent choroidal vasculature with congested and tortuous retinal and choroidal vessels in fundus angiographies of the hyperhomocysteinemia animal model. In the histological study, the choroidal capillaries proliferated in the hcy-treated eyes, mimicking choroidal neovascularization. Disrupted retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), abnormal branching vascular network (BVN), and polyp-like structures were also observed in the hcy-treated eyes. Furthermore, we found that placental growth factor (PlGF), but not vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), was the key mediating factor of this phenomenon. Our findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia might cause choroidal angiogenesis.
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93
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Wang J, Sun P, Chen Y, Yao H, Wang S. Novel 2-phenyloxypyrimidine derivative induces apoptosis and autophagy via inhibiting PI3K pathway and activating MAPK/ERK signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10923. [PMID: 30026540 PMCID: PMC6053381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Because most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only available drug to show limited effectiveness. Novel and effective therapies are unmet medical need for advanced HCC patients. Given that the aberrant expression and activity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) are closely associated with the pathogenesis of HCC, here we present the discovery and identification of a novel PDGFRα inhibitor, N-(3-((4-(benzofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)-4-methylphenyl)-4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (E5) after comparison of different derivatives. We found that E5 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Since the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK partially rescued HCC cells from E5-reduced cell viability, autophagic cell death triggered by E5 was subsequently investigated. E5 could induce the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, increase the expression of Atg5 and restore the autophagy flux blocked by chloroquine. Meanwhile, E5 was able to downregulate the PDGFRα/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and to activate MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, in addition to the possibility of E5 as a valuable drug candidate, the present study further supports the notion that targeted inhibition of PDGFRα is a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Artemisinine Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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94
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Wang Y, Appiah-Kubi K, Lan T, Wu M, Pang J, Qian H, Tao Y, Jiang L, Wu Y, Chen Y. PKG II inhibits PDGF-BB triggered biological activities by phosphorylating PDGFRβ in gastric cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1358-1369. [PMID: 29935031 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG II) could inhibit the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is a widely investigated RTK. PDGFR belongs to family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) too. However, the effect of PKG II on PDGFR activation is not clear yet. This study investigated potential regulatory effect of PKG II on activation of PDGFRβ and the downstream signaling transductions in gastric cancer. The results from CCK8 assay and Transwell assay indicated that PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation and migration. Activated PKG II reversed the above variations caused by PDGF-BB. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting results showed that PKG II combined with PDGFRβ and phosphorylated this receptor, and thereby inhibited PDGF-BB induced activation of PDGFRβ, and MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt mediated signal transduction pathways. Based on the prediction by phosphorylation site software, Ser643 and Ser712 were mutated to alanine respectively which prevented phosphorylation at these sites. Mutation at Ser712 abolished the inhibitory function of PKG II on PDGFRβ activation but mutation of Ser643 had no such an effect, indicating that Ser712 was PKG II-specific phosphorylating site of PDGFRβ. In conclusion, PKG II inhibited PDGFRβ activation in gastric cancer via phosphorylating Ser712 of this RTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Department of Applied Biology, University for Development Studies, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Ting Lan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Ji Pang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hai Qian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yan Tao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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95
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Ammar MM, Waly GH, Saniour SH, Moussa TA. Growth factor release and enhanced encapsulated periodontal stem cells viability by freeze-dried platelet concentrate loaded thermo-sensitive hydrogel for periodontal regeneration. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:355-364. [PMID: 30202174 PMCID: PMC6128323 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontium regeneration is a highly challenging process as it requires the regeneration of three different tissues simultaneously. The aim of this study was to develop a composite material that can be easily applied and can sufficiently deliver essential growth factors and progenitor cells for periodontal tissue regeneration. Freeze-dried platelet concentrate (FDPC) was prepared and incorporated in a thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) hydrogel at concentrations of 5, 10, or 15 mg/ml. The viscosity of the hydrogels was investigated as the temperature rises from 25 °C to 37 °C and the release kinetics of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) were investigated at four time points (1 h, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks). Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated from human third molars and encapsulated in the different hydrogel groups. Their viability was investigated after 7 days in culture in comparison to standard culture conditions and non FDPC-loaded hydrogel. Results showed that loading FDPC in the hydrogel lowered the initial viscosity in comparison to the unloaded control group and did not affect the sol-gel transition in any group. All FDPC-loaded hydrogel groups exhibited sustained release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB for two weeks with significant difference between the different concentrations. The loading of 10 and 15 mg/ml of FDPC in the hydrogel increased the PDLSCs viability significantly compared to the unloaded hydrogel and was comparable to the standard culture conditions. Accordingly, it may be concluded that loading FDPC in a chitosan/β-GP hydrogel can offer enhanced injectability, a sustained release of growth factors and increased viability of encapsulated stem cells which can be beneficial in periodontium tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Ammar
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gihan H Waly
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed H Saniour
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taheya A Moussa
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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96
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Zhou S, Appleman VA, Rose CM, Jun HJ, Yang J, Zhou Y, Bronson RT, Gygi SP, Charest A. Chronic platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling exerts control over initiation of protein translation in glioma. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800029. [PMID: 30456354 PMCID: PMC6238596 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using phospho-proteomics in a new model of malignant glioma, we reveal that clinically relevant, chronic PDGFRα signaling differs considerably from acute receptor stimulation and unveils previously unrecognized control over key elements of the translation initiation machinery. Activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) gives rise to some of the most important signaling pathways that regulate mammalian cellular growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation and their misregulation is common in a variety of diseases. Herein, we present a comprehensive and detailed map of PDGFR signaling pathways assembled from literature and integrate this map in a bioinformatics protocol designed to extract meaningful information from large-scale quantitative proteomics mass spectrometry data. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach using a new genetically engineered mouse model of PDGFRα-driven glioma. We discovered that acute PDGFRα stimulation differs considerably from chronic receptor activation in the regulation of protein translation initiation. Transient stimulation activates several key components of the translation initiation machinery, whereas the clinically relevant chronic activity of PDGFRα is associated with a significant shutdown of translational members. Our work defines a step-by-step approach to extract biologically relevant insights from global unbiased phospho-protein datasets to uncover targets for therapeutic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky A Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hyun Jung Jun
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juechen Yang
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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97
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Glycosylation-dependent galectin-receptor interactions promote Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6000-E6009. [PMID: 29891717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802188115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) constitutes the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide. Chlamydial infections can lead to severe clinical sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility. As an obligate intracellular pathogen, Ct has evolved multiple strategies to promote adhesion and invasion of host cells, including those involving both bacterial and host glycans. Here, we show that galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous lectin widely expressed in female and male genital tracts, promotes Ct infection. Through glycosylation-dependent mechanisms involving recognition of bacterial glycoproteins and N-glycosylated host cell receptors, Gal1 enhanced Ct attachment to cervical epithelial cells. Exposure to Gal1, mainly in its dimeric form, facilitated bacterial entry and increased the number of infected cells by favoring Ct-Ct and Ct-host cell interactions. These effects were substantiated in vivo in mice lacking Gal1 or complex β1-6-branched N-glycans. Thus, disrupting Gal1-N-glycan interactions may limit the severity of chlamydial infection by inhibiting bacterial invasion of host cells.
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98
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Qian H, Appiah-Kubi K, Wang Y, Wu M, Tao Y, Wu Y, Chen Y. The clinical significance of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 127:15-28. [PMID: 29891108 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression and mutation of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are widespread in cancers and have been recognized as attractive oncologic targets with diverse therapeutic targets. Reports of the overexpression of genes, proteins and mutations of PDGFs/PDGFRs in gastric cancer and their associations with clinicopathological features, Western and Asian patients, as well as prognostic role have shown variable outcomes. This study sought to employ meta-analysis to evaluate PDGFs/PDGFRs status prognostic significance and their association with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. METHOD A comprehensive search of PubMed database for studies that investigated the overexpression of mRNA/Protein and mutation of PDGFs/PDGFRs in gastric cancer of Western and Asian patients, their prognostic significance and association with clinicopathological characteristics in May, 2017 or earlier was carried out by two reviewers independently. Pooled odd ratios and hazard ratios at 95% confidence intervals were estimated and summarized using fixed-effect and random-effect Mantel-Haenszel models and Inverse Variance models in Review Manager software version 5.3. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 16 datasets of 1178 patients were included in meta-analysis. Fourteen studies of 1178 patients with 1446 cases and 7 studies of 1076 patients with 1280 cases were included in meta-analysis of clinicopathological and prognostic significance of high or positive PDGF/PDGFR status respectively. Odd ratio at 95% confidence intervals for different groups of analysis are as follows: males versus females(OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.83, POR = 0.03); ≥T2 stage versus T1 stage(OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.22-3.49, POR = 0.007); nodal metastasis versus no nodal metastasis(OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.48-5.22, POR = 0.002); TNM stage ≥II versus TNM stage I(OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.89-6.69, POR<0.0001). Subgroup analysis of the association of PDGF/PDGFR among Western patients(OR = 0.24 95% CI: 0.10-0.58, POR = 0.002) and association of PDGFs/PDGFRs gene mutation among gastric cancer patients(OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.45, POR = 0.0008) were significant. The association of PDGFs/PDGFRs in young and middle age versus elderly aged, undifferentiated versus well differentiated tumors, large tumor size group(>6 cm) versus small tumor size group(≤6 cm) were insignificant. Subgroup analysis of the association of PDGFs/PDGFRs among Western Asian patients; PDGF/PDGFR mRNA expression and protein expression among gastric cancer patients were insignificant. In addition, PDGF/PDGFR status among gastric cancer patients was insignificant in overall effect analysis PDGF/PDGFR status has shown to predict reduced overall survival(HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.49-3.22, PHR = 0.64) and relapse free survival(HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.36-2.41, PHR = 0.88) insignificantly. Also, overall prognostic effect analysis(HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.58-1.96, PHR = 0.84) was insignificant. CONCLUSION PDGFs/PDGFRs status amongst gastric cancer patients plays a key role in clinical variables and nodal metastasis. These insights might be helpful in providing guidelines for diagnosis, molecular target therapy, and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China; Department of Applied Biology, University for Development Studies, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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99
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Razmi N, Baradaran B, Hejazi M, Hasanzadeh M, Mosafer J, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Recent advances on aptamer-based biosensors to detection of platelet-derived growth factor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:58-71. [PMID: 29729560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), a significant serum cytokine, is an important protein biomarker in diagnosis and recognition of cancer, which straightly rolled in proceeding of various cell transformations, including tumor growth and its development. Fibrosis, atherosclerosis are certain appalling diseases, which PDGF-BB is near to them. Generally, the expression amount of PDGF-BB increases in human life-threatening tumors serving as an indicator for tumor angiogenesis. Thus, identification and quantification of PDGF-BB in biomedical fields are particularly important. Affinity chromatography, immunohistochemical methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), conventional methods for PDGF-BB detection, requiring high-cost and complicated instrumentation, take too much time and offer deficient sensitivity and selectivity, which restrict their usage in real applications. Hence, it is essential to design and build enhanced systems and platforms for the recognition and quantification of protein biomarkers. In the past few years, biosensors especially aptasensors have been received noticeable attention for the detection of PDGF-BB owing to their high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, fast response, and low cost. Since the role and importance of developing aptasensors in cancer diagnosis is undeniable. In this review, optical and electrochemical aptasensors, which have been applied by many researchers for PDGF-BB cancer biomarker detection, have been mentioned and merits and demerits of them have been explained and compared. Efforts related to design and development of aptamer-based biosensors using nanoparticles for sensitive and selective detection of PDGF-BB have been reviewed considering: Aptamer importance as recognition elements, principal, application and the recent improvements and developments of aptamer based optical and electrochemical methods. In addition, commercial biosensors and future perspectives for rapid and on-site detection of PDGF-BB have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Razmi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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100
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Discovery of 4-((N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acrylamido)methyl)-N-(4-methyl-3-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide (CHMFL-PDGFR-159) as a highly selective type II PDGFRα kinase inhibitor for PDGFRα driving chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:366-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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