51
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Silvestri E, Senese R, De Matteis R, Cioffi F, Moreno M, Lanni A, Gentile A, Busiello RA, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, de Lange P, Goglia F, Lombardi A. Absence of uncoupling protein 3 at thermoneutrality influences brown adipose tissue mitochondrial functionality in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:15146-15163. [PMID: 32946628 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role played by uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has not been fully elucidated so far. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the absence of UCP3 on BAT mitochondrial functionality and morphology. To this purpose, wild type (WT) and UCP3 Knockout (KO) female mice were housed at thermoneutrality (30°C), a condition in which BAT contributes to energy homeostasis independently of its cold-induced thermogenic function. BAT mitochondria from UCP3 KO mice presented a lower ability to oxidize the fatty acids and glycerol-3-phosphate, and an enhanced oxidative stress as revealed by enhanced mitochondrial electron leak, lipid hydroperoxide levels, and induction of antioxidant mitochondrial enzymatic capacity. The absence of UCP3 also influenced the mitochondrial super-molecular protein aggregation, an important feature for fatty acid oxidation rate as well as for adequate cristae organization and mitochondrial shape. Indeed, electron microscopy revealed alterations in mitochondrial morphology in brown adipocytes from KO mice. In the whole, data here reported show that the absence of UCP3 results in a significant alteration of BAT mitochondrial physiology and morphology. These observations could also help to clarify some aspects of the association between metabolic disorders associated with low UCP3 levels, as previously reported in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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52
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Uittenbogaard M, Chiaramello A. Maternally inherited mitochondrial respiratory disorders: from pathogenetic principles to therapeutic implications. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:38-52. [PMID: 32624334 PMCID: PMC7749081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Maternally inherited mitochondrial respiratory disorders are rare, progressive, and multi-systemic diseases that remain intractable, with no effective therapeutic interventions. Patients share a defective oxidative phosphorylation pathway responsible for mitochondrial ATP synthesis, in most cases due to pathogenic mitochondrial variants transmitted from mother to child or to a rare de novo mutation or large-scale deletion of the mitochondrial genome. The clinical diagnosis of these mitochondrial diseases is difficult due to exceptionally high clinical variability, while their genetic diagnosis has improved with the advent of next-generation sequencing. The mechanisms regulating the penetrance of the mitochondrial variants remain unresolved with the patient's nuclear background, epigenomic regulation, heteroplasmy, mitochondrial haplogroups, and environmental factors thought to act as rheostats. The lack of animal models mimicking the phenotypic manifestations of these disorders has hampered efforts toward curative therapies. Patient-derived cellular paradigms provide alternative models for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms and screening pharmacological small molecules to enhance mitochondrial function. Recent progress has been made in designing promising approaches to curtail the negative impact of dysfunctional mitochondria and alleviate clinical symptoms: 1) boosting mitochondrial biogenesis; 2) shifting heteroplasmy; 3) reprogramming metabolism; and 4) administering hypoxia-based treatment. Here, we discuss their varying efficacies and limitations and provide an outlook on their therapeutic potential and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2300 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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53
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Pérez-Hernández CA, Kern CC, Butkeviciute E, McCarthy E, Dockrell HM, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Aguilar-López BA, Bhosale G, Wang H, Gems D, Duchen MR, Smith SG, Sánchez-García FJ. Mitochondrial Signature in Human Monocytes and Resistance to Infection in C. elegans During Fumarate-Induced Innate Immune Training. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1715. [PMID: 32849605 PMCID: PMC7419614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes can develop immunological memory, a functional characteristic widely recognized as innate immune training, to distinguish it from memory in adaptive immune cells. Upon a secondary immune challenge, either homologous or heterologous, trained monocytes/macrophages exhibit a more robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, than untrained monocytes. Candida albicans, β-glucan, and BCG are all inducers of monocyte training and recent metabolic profiling analyses have revealed that training induction is dependent on glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the cholesterol synthesis pathway, along with fumarate accumulation; interestingly, fumarate itself can induce training. Since fumarate is produced by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle within mitochondria, we asked whether extra-mitochondrial fumarate has an effect on mitochondrial function. Results showed that the addition of fumarate to monocytes induces mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, fusion, and increased membrane potential (Δψm), while mitochondrial cristae became closer to each other, suggesting that immediate (from minutes to hours) mitochondrial activation plays a role in the induction phase of innate immune training of monocytes. To establish whether fumarate induces similar mitochondrial changes in vivo in a multicellular organism, effects of fumarate supplementation were tested in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. This induced mitochondrial fusion in both muscle and intestinal cells and also increased resistance to infection of the pharynx with E. coli. Together, these findings contribute to defining a mitochondrial signature associated with the induction of innate immune training by fumarate treatment, and to the understanding of whole organism infection resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Angélica Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina C Kern
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Egle Butkeviciute
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bruno A Aguilar-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gauri Bhosale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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54
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Allen ME, Pennington ER, Perry JB, Dadoo S, Makrecka-Kuka M, Dambrova M, Moukdar F, Patel HD, Han X, Kidd GK, Benson EK, Raisch TB, Poelzing S, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. The cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide mitigates fragmentation of cristae networks following cardiac ischemia reperfusion in rats. Commun Biol 2020; 3:389. [PMID: 32680996 PMCID: PMC7368046 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac pathologies. Barriers to new therapies include an incomplete understanding of underlying molecular culprits and a lack of effective mitochondria-targeted medicines. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide, a clinical-stage compound under investigation for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction, mitigates impairments in mitochondrial structure-function observed after rat cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Respirometry with permeabilized ventricular fibers indicates that ischemia-reperfusion induced decrements in the activity of complexes I, II, and IV are alleviated with elamipretide. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy used to create 3D reconstructions of cristae ultrastructure reveals that disease-induced fragmentation of cristae networks are improved with elamipretide. Mass spectrometry shows elamipretide did not protect against the reduction of cardiolipin concentration after ischemia-reperfusion. Finally, elamipretide improves biophysical properties of biomimetic membranes by aggregating cardiolipin. The data suggest mitochondrial structure-function are interdependent and demonstrate elamipretide targets mitochondrial membranes to sustain cristae networks and improve bioenergetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute for Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fatiha Moukdar
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hetal D Patel
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grahame K Kidd
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Renovo Neural Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Tristan B Raisch
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Metabolism Core Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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55
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Harvey AJ. Mitochondria in early development: linking the microenvironment, metabolism and the epigenome. Reproduction 2020; 157:R159-R179. [PMID: 30870807 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, originally of bacterial origin, are highly dynamic organelles that have evolved a symbiotic relationship within eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria undergo dynamic, stage-specific restructuring and redistribution during oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development, necessary to support key developmental events. Mitochondria also fulfil a wide range of functions beyond ATP synthesis, including the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium regulation, and are active participants in the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Communication between not only mitochondria and the nucleus, but also with other organelles, is emerging as a critical function which regulates preimplantation development. Significantly, perturbations and deficits in mitochondrial function manifest not only as reduced quality and/or poor oocyte and embryo development but contribute to post-implantation failure, long-term cell function and adult disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that altered availability of metabolic co-factors modulate the activity of epigenetic modifiers, such that oocyte and embryo mitochondrial activity and dynamics have the capacity to establish long-lasting alterations to the epigenetic landscape. It is proposed that preimplantation embryo development may represent a sensitive window during which epigenetic regulation by mitochondria is likely to have significant short- and long-term effects on embryo, and offspring, health. Hence, mitochondrial integrity, communication and metabolism are critical links between the environment, the epigenome and the regulation of embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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56
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Kondadi AK, Anand R, Hänsch S, Urbach J, Zobel T, Wolf DM, Segawa M, Liesa M, Shirihai OS, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Reichert AS. Cristae undergo continuous cycles of membrane remodelling in a MICOS-dependent manner. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49776. [PMID: 32067344 PMCID: PMC7054676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane can reshape under different physiological conditions. How, at which frequency this occurs in living cells, and the molecular players involved are unknown. Here, we show using state-of-the-art live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution nanoscopy that neighbouring crista junctions (CJs) dynamically appose and separate from each other in a reversible and balanced manner in human cells. Staining of cristae membranes (CM), using various protein markers or two lipophilic inner membrane-specific dyes, further revealed that cristae undergo continuous cycles of membrane remodelling. These events are accompanied by fluctuations of the membrane potential within distinct cristae over time. Both CJ and CM dynamics depended on MIC13 and occurred at similar timescales in the range of seconds. Our data further suggest that MIC60 acts as a docking platform promoting CJ and contact site formation. Overall, by employing advanced imaging techniques including fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), single-particle tracking (SPT), live-cell STED and high-resolution Airyscan microscopy, we propose a model of CJ dynamics being mechanistically linked to CM remodelling representing cristae membrane fission and fusion events occurring within individual mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Urbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dane M Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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57
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Castro CM, Corciulo C, Solesio ME, Liang F, Pavlov EV, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation enhances mitochondrial metabolism and mitigates reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:5027-5045. [PMID: 32052890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902459r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In OA chondrocytes, there is diminished mitochondrial production of ATP and diminished extracellular adenosine resulting in diminished adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation and altered chondrocyte homeostasis which contributes to the pathogenesis of OA. We tested the hypothesis that A2AR stimulation maintains or enhances mitochondrial function in chondrocytes. The effect of A2AR signaling on mitochondrial health and function was determined in primary murine chondrocytes, a human chondrocytic cell line (T/C-28a2), primary human chondrocytes, and a murine model of OA by transmission electron microscopy analysis, mitochondrial stress testing, confocal live imaging for mitochondrial inner membrane polarity, and immunohistochemistry. In primary murine chondrocytes from A2AR-/- null mice, which develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks, there is mitochondrial swelling, dysfunction, and reduced mitochondrial content with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden and diminished mitophagy, as compared to chondrocytes from WT animals. IL-1-stimulated T/C-28a2 cells treated with an A2AR agonist had reduced ROS burden with increased mitochondrial dynamic stability and function, findings which were recapitulated in primary human chondrocytes. In an obesity-induced OA mouse model, there was a marked increase in mitochondrial oxidized material which was markedly improved after intraarticular injections of liposomal A2AR agonist. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that A2AR ligation is mitoprotective in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Castro
- Immunology and Inflammation Training Program at Skirball Institute of Graduate Biomolecular Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fengxia Liang
- NYU Langone Health DART Microscopy Laboratory, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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58
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Larrea D, Pera M, Gonnelli A, Quintana-Cabrera R, Akman HO, Guardia-Laguarta C, Velasco KR, Area-Gomez E, Dal Bello F, De Stefani D, Horvath R, Shy ME, Schon EA, Giacomello M. MFN2 mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease alter mitochondria-associated ER membrane function but do not impair bioenergetics. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1782-1800. [PMID: 30649465 PMCID: PMC6522073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A is a form of peripheral neuropathy, due almost exclusively to dominant mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial protein mitofusin-2 (MFN2). However, there is no understanding of the relationship of clinical phenotype to genotype. MFN2 has two functions: it promotes inter-mitochondrial fusion and mediates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial tethering at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). MAM regulates a number of key cellular functions, including lipid and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial behavior. To date, no studies have been performed to address whether mutations in MFN2 in CMT2A patient cells affect MAM function, which might provide insight into pathogenesis. Using fibroblasts from three CMT2AMFN2 patients with different mutations in MFN2, we found that some, but not all, examined aspects of ER-mitochondrial connectivity and of MAM function were indeed altered, and correlated with disease severity. Notably, however, respiratory chain function in those cells was unimpaired. Our results suggest that CMT2AMFN2 is a MAM-related disorder but is not a respiratory chain-deficiency disease. The alterations in MAM function described here could also provide insight into the pathogenesis of other forms of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - H Orhan Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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59
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Wu D, Ma Y, Cao Y, Zhang T. Mitochondrial toxicity of nanomaterials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134994. [PMID: 31715400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely applied in electronics, food, biomedicine and other fields, resulting in increased human exposure and consequent research focus on their biological and toxic effects. Mitochondria, the main target organelle for nanomaterials (NM), play a critical role in their toxic activities. Several studies to date have shown that nanomaterials cause alterations in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and mitochondrial respiratory function, and promote cytochrome C release. An earlier mitochondrial toxicity study of NMs additionally reported induction of mitochondrial dynamic changes. Here, we have reviewed the mitochondrial toxicity of NMs and provided a scientific basis for the contribution of mitochondria to the toxicological effects of different NMs along with approaches to reduce mitochondrial and, consequently, overall toxicity of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuna Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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60
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Lu Z, Wang S, Ji C, Li F, Cong M, Shan X, Wu H. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis on the mitochondrial responses in gill tissues of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113591. [PMID: 31744679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important heavy metal pollutant in the Bohai Sea. Mitochondria are recognized as the key target for Cd toxicity. However, mitochondrial responses to Cd have not been fully investigated in marine fishes. In this study, the mitochondrial responses were characterized in gills of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus treated with two environmentally relevant concentrations (5 and 50 μg/L) of Cd for 14 days by determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), observation of mitochondrial morphology and quantitative proteomic analysis. Both Cd treatments significantly decreased MMPs of mitochondria from flounder gills. Mitochondrial morphologies were altered in Cd-treated flounder samples, indicated by more and smaller mitochondria. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis indicated that a total of 128 proteins were differentially expressed in both Cd treatments. These proteins were basically involved in various biological processes in gill mitochondria, including mitochondrial morphology and import, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), primary bile acid biosynthesis, stress resistance and apoptosis. These results indicated that dynamic regulations of energy homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, stress resistance, apoptosis, and mitochondrial morphology in gill mitochondria might play significant roles in response to Cd toxicity. Overall, this study provided a global view on mitochondrial toxicity of Cd in flounder gills using iTRAQ-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Antony PMA, Kondratyeva O, Mommaerts K, Ostaszewski M, Sokolowska K, Baumuratov AS, Longhino L, Poulain JF, Grossmann D, Balling R, Krüger R, Diederich NJ. Fibroblast mitochondria in idiopathic Parkinson's disease display morphological changes and enhanced resistance to depolarization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1569. [PMID: 32005875 PMCID: PMC6994699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Here, we established screenable phenotypes of mitochondrial morphology and function in primary fibroblasts derived from patients with IPD. Upper arm punch skin biopsy was performed in 41 patients with mid-stage IPD and 21 age-matched healthy controls. At the single-cell level, the basal mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) was higher in patients with IPD than in controls. Similarly, under carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) stress, the remaining Ψm was increased in patients with IPD. Analysis of mitochondrial morphometric parameters revealed significantly decreased mitochondrial connectivity in patients with IPD, with 9 of 14 morphometric mitochondrial parameters differing from those in controls. Significant morphometric mitochondrial changes included the node degree, mean volume, skeleton size, perimeter, form factor, node count, erosion body count, endpoints, and mitochondria count (all P-values < 0.05). These functional data reveal that resistance to depolarization was increased by treatment with the protonophore FCCP in patients with IPD, whereas morphometric data revealed decreased mitochondrial connectivity and increased mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M A Antony
- LCSB, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Grossmann
- LCSB, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - R Balling
- LCSB, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - R Krüger
- LCSB, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- CHL, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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62
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Huddleston ME, Xiao N, Both AP, Gordon DM. Single amino acid mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rhomboid peptidase, Pcp1p, alter mitochondrial morphology. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:200-215. [PMID: 31441130 PMCID: PMC6972574 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Key to mitochondrial activities is the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology, specifically cristae structures formed by the invagination of the inner membrane that are enriched in proteins of the electron transport chain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , these cristae folds are a result of the membrane fusion activities of Mgm1p and the membrane-bending properties of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase oligomerization. An additional protein linked to mitochondrial morphology is Pcp1p, a serine protease responsible for the proteolytic processing of Mgm1p. Here, we have used hydroxylamine-based random mutagenesis to identify amino acids important for Pcp1p peptidase activity. Using this approach we have isolated five single amino acid mutants that exhibit respiratory growth defects that correlate with loss of mitochondrial genome stability. Reduced Pcp1p protease activity was confirmed by immunoblotting with the accumulation of improperly processed Mgm1p. Ultra-structural analysis of mitochondrial morphology in these mutants found a varying degree of defects in cristae organization. However, not all of the mutants presented with decreased ATP synthase complex assembly as determined by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Together, these data suggest that there is a threshold level of processed Mgm1p required to maintain ATP synthase super-complex assembly and mitochondrial cristae organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningyu Xiao
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
| | - Andries Pieter Both
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
| | - Donna M. Gordon
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
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63
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Paul BT, Tesfay L, Winkler CR, Torti FM, Torti SV. Sideroflexin 4 affects Fe-S cluster biogenesis, iron metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and heme biosynthetic enzymes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19634. [PMID: 31873120 PMCID: PMC6928202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideroflexin4 (SFXN4) is a member of a family of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Rare germline mutations in SFXN4 lead to phenotypic characteristics of mitochondrial disease including impaired mitochondrial respiration and hematopoetic abnormalities. We sought to explore the function of this protein. We show that knockout of SFXN4 has profound effects on Fe-S cluster formation. This in turn diminishes mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and mitochondrial respiration and causes a shift to glycolytic metabolism. SFXN4 knockdown reduces the stability and activity of cellular Fe-S proteins, affects iron metabolism by influencing the cytosolic aconitase-IRP1 switch, redistributes iron from the cytosol to mitochondria, and impacts heme synthesis by reducing levels of ferrochelatase and inhibiting translation of ALAS2. We conclude that SFXN4 is essential for normal functioning of mitochondria, is necessary for Fe-S cluster biogenesis and iron homeostasis, and plays a critical role in mitochondrial respiration and synthesis of heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibbin T Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lia Tesfay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - C R Winkler
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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64
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Alaimo A, Di Santo MC, Domínguez Rubio AP, Chaufan G, García Liñares G, Pérez OE. Toxic effects of A2E in human ARPE-19 cells were prevented by resveratrol: a potential nutritional bioactive for age-related macular degeneration treatment. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:553-572. [PMID: 31792590 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset retinal disease and the leading cause of central vision loss in the elderly. Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) is a crucial contributing factor responsible for the onset and progression of AMD. The toxic fluorophore N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), a major lipofuscin component, accumulates in RPE cells with age. Phytochemicals with antioxidant properties may have a potential role in both the prevention and treatment of this age-related ocular disease. Particularly, there is an increased interest in the therapeutic effects of resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring polyphenol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene). However, the underlying mechanism of the RSV antioxidative effect in ocular diseases has not been well explored. We hypothesized that this bioactive compound may have beneficial effects for AMD. To this end, to investigate the potential profits of RSV against A2E-provoked oxidative damage, we used human RPE cell line (ARPE-19). RSV (25 µM) attenuates the cytotoxicity and the typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis observed in 25 µM A2E-laden cells. RSV pretreatment strengthened cell monolayer integrity through the preservation of the transepithelial electrical resistance and reduced the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran diffusion rate as well as cytoskeleton architecture. In addition, RSV exhorts protective effects against A2E-induced modifications in the intracellular redox balance. Finally, RSV also prevented A2E-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation. These findings reinforce the idea that RSV represents an attractive bioactive for therapeutic intervention against ocular diseases associated with oxidative stress such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Carolina Di Santo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Domínguez Rubio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Chaufan
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Enzimología, Estrés Oxidativo y Metabolismo, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Liñares
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Biocatálisis, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Edgardo Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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65
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Gronnier J, Legrand A, Loquet A, Habenstein B, Germain V, Mongrand S. Mechanisms governing subcompartmentalization of biological membranes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:114-123. [PMID: 31546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes show a tremendous variety of lipids and proteins operating biochemistry, transport and signalling. The dynamics and the organization of membrane constituents are regulated in space and time to execute precise functions. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape and govern membrane subcompartmentalization and inter-organelle contact sites still remains limited. Here, we review some reported mechanisms implicated in regulating plant membrane domains including those of plasma membrane, plastids, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we discuss several state-of-the-art methods that allow nowadays researchers to decipher the architecture of these structures at the molecular and atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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66
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Jiang YF, Lin HL, Wang LJ, Hsu T, Fu CY. Coordinated organization of mitochondrial lamellar cristae and gain of COX function during mitochondrial maturation in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:18-26. [PMID: 31746672 PMCID: PMC6938269 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae contain electron transport chain complexes and are distinct from the inner boundary membrane (IBM). While many details regarding the regulation of mitochondrial structure are known, the relationship between cristae structure and function during organelle development is not fully described. Here, we used serial-section tomography to characterize the formation of lamellar cristae in immature mitochondria during a period of dramatic mitochondrial development that occurs after Drosophila emergence as an adult. We found that the formation of lamellar cristae was associated with the gain of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) function, and the COX subunit, COX4, was localized predominantly to organized lamellar cristae. Interestingly, 3D tomography showed some COX-positive lamellar cristae were not connected to IBM. We hypothesize that some lamellar cristae may be organized by a vesicle germination process in the matrix, in addition to invagination of IBM. OXA1 protein, which mediates membrane insertion of COX proteins, was also localized to cristae and reticular structures isolated in the matrix additional to the IBM, suggesting that it may participate in the formation of vesicle germination-derived cristae. Overall, our study elaborates on how cristae morphogenesis and functional maturation are intricately associated. Our data support the vesicle germination and membrane invagination models of cristae formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tian Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Fu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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67
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Eichenberger C, Oeljeklaus S, Bruggisser J, Mani J, Haenni B, Kaurov I, Niemann M, Zuber B, Lukeš J, Hashimi H, Warscheid B, Schimanski B, Schneider A. The highly diverged trypanosomal MICOS complex is organized in a nonessential integral membrane and an essential peripheral module. Mol Microbiol 2019; 112:1731-1743. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eichenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
| | - Julia Bruggisser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Jan Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Beat Haenni
- Institute of Anatomy University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 2 Bern 3012Switzerland
| | - Iosif Kaurov
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 2 Bern 3012Switzerland
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
| | - Bernd Schimanski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
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68
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Mitochondria and Female Germline Stem Cells-A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080852. [PMID: 31398797 PMCID: PMC6721711 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA have important roles to play in development. In primordial germ cells, they progress from small numbers to populate the maturing oocyte with high numbers to support post-fertilization events. These processes take place under the control of significant changes in DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifiers, as well as changes to the DNA methylation status of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA replication factors. Consequently, the differentiating germ cell requires significant synchrony between the two genomes in order to ensure that they are fit for purpose. In this review, I examine these processes in the context of female germline stem cells that are isolated from the ovary and those derived from embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed somatic cells. Although our knowledge is limited in this respect, I provide predictions based on other cellular systems of what is expected and provide insight into how these cells could be used in clinical medicine.
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69
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Mitochondrial cristae narrowing upon higher 2-oxoglutarate load. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:659-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Paradies G, Paradies V, Ruggiero FM, Petrosillo G. Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Function and Dynamics in Health and Disease: Molecular and Pharmacological Aspects. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070728. [PMID: 31315173 PMCID: PMC6678812 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are involved in a large array of metabolic and bioenergetic processes that are vital for cell survival. Phospholipids are the main building blocks of mitochondrial membranes. Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid which is localized and synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It is now widely accepted that CL plays a central role in many reactions and processes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Cardiolipin interacts with and is required for optimal activity of several IMM proteins, including the enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP production and for their organization into supercomplexes. Moreover, CL plays an important role in mitochondrial membrane morphology, stability and dynamics, in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein import, in mitophagy, and in different mitochondrial steps of the apoptotic process. It is conceivable that abnormalities in CL content, composition and level of oxidation may negatively impact mitochondrial function and dynamics, with important implications in a variety of pathophysiological situations and diseases. In this review, we focus on the role played by CL in mitochondrial function and dynamics in health and diseases and on the potential of pharmacological modulation of CL through several agents in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paradies
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca M Ruggiero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrosillo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy.
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71
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Bae M, Lee Y, Park YK, Shin DG, Joshi P, Hong SH, Alder N, Koo SI, Lee JY. Astaxanthin attenuates the increase in mitochondrial respiration during the activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:82-89. [PMID: 31302374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon liver injury, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) transdifferentiate to myofibroblast-like activated HSCs (aHSCs), which are primarily responsible for the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins during the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, aHSCs may exhibit different energy metabolism from that of qHSCs to meet their high energy demand. We previously demonstrated that astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, prevents the activation of HSCs. The objective of this study was to determine if ASTX can exert its antifibrogenic effect by attenuating any changes in energy metabolism during HSC activation. To characterize the energy metabolism of qHSCs and aHSCs, mouse primary HSCs were cultured on uncoated plastic dishes for 7 days for spontaneous activation in the presence or absence of 25 μM ASTX. qHSCs (1 day after isolation) and aHSCs treated with or without ASTX for 7 days were used to determine parameters related to mitochondrial respiration using a Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux analyzer. aHSCs had significantly higher basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak than those of qHSCs. However, ASTX prevented most of the changes occurring during HSC activation and improved mitochondrial cristae structure with decreased cristae junction width, lumen width and the area in primary mouse aHSCs. Furthermore, qHSCs isolated from ASTX-fed mice had lower mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis than control qHSCs. Our findings suggest that ASTX may exert its antifibrogenic effect by attenuating the changes in energy metabolism during HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Pujan Joshi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nathan Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sung I Koo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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72
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Thread Sewing Together Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7210892. [PMID: 31316720 PMCID: PMC6604285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7210892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are severe and chronic impairments of the health of many people and represent a challenge for the society as a whole that has to deal with an ever-increasing number of affected individuals. Among common metabolic disorders are Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These disorders do not have a univocal genetic cause but rather can result from the interaction of multiple genes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Mitochondrial alterations have emerged as a feature common to all these disorders, underlining perhaps an impaired coordination between cellular needs and mitochondrial responses that could contribute to their development and/or progression.
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73
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Uittenbogaard M, Wang H, Zhang VW, Wong LJ, Brantner CA, Gropman A, Chiaramello A. The nuclear background influences the penetrance of the near-homoplasmic m.1630 A > G MELAS variant in a symptomatic proband and asymptomatic mother. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:429-438. [PMID: 30709774 PMCID: PMC6773428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the metabolic consequences of the m.1630 A > G variant in fibroblasts from the symptomatic proband affected with the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode Syndrome and her asymptomatic mother. By long-range PCR followed by massively parallel sequencing of the mitochondrial genome, we accurately measured heteroplasmy in fibroblasts from the proband (89.6%) and her mother (94.8%). Using complementary experimental approaches, we show a functional correlation between manifestation of clinical symptoms and bioenergetic potential. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis reveals a link between defects of mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure and symptomatic status. Despite near-homoplasmic level of the m.1630A > G variant, the mother's fibroblasts have a normal OXPHOS metabolism, which stands in contrast to the severely impaired OXPHOS response of the proband's fibroblasts. The proband's fibroblasts also exhibit glycolysis at near constitutive levels resulting in a stunted compensatory glycolytic response to offset the severe OXPHOS defect. Whole exome sequencing reveals the presence of a heterozygous nonsense VARS2 variant (p.R334X) exclusively in the proband, which removes two thirds of the VARS2 protein containing key domains interacting with the mt-tRNAval and may play a role in modulating the penetrance of the m.1630A > G variant despite similar near homoplasmic levels. Our transmission electron microscopy study also shows unexpected ultrastructural changes of chromatin suggestive of differential epigenomic regulation between the proband and her mother that may explain the differential OXPHOS response between the proband and her mother. Future study will decipher by which molecular mechanisms the nuclear background influences the penetrance of the m.1630 A > G variant causing MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; AmCare Genomics Laboratory, GuangZhou 510300, China
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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74
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Haseeb A, Tarique I, Bai X, Yang P, Ali Vistro W, Huang Y, Ali Fazllani S, Ahmed Z, Chen Q. Inhibition of autophagy impairs acrosome and mitochondrial crista formation during spermiogenesis in turtle: Ultrastructural evidence. Micron 2019; 121:84-89. [PMID: 30953869 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a subcellular process that is extensively involved in spermiogenesis. In this study, we observed ultrastructural malformation of acrosome and mitochondrial cristae during the spermiogenesis of Chinese soft-shelled turtle due to the inhibition of autophagy. Autophagy was blocked with 3-MA, and the inhibition of autophagy was confirmed through western blot analysis. The morphological abnormalities of acrosomes and mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the early spermiogenesis (Golgi and cap phases), damaged macrovesicle was observed, and its proper expansion over the nucleus failed to be form a normal acrosomal cap. As spermiogenesis proceeded, the malformation of the acrosome in spermatids became more severe. In the late spermiogenesis (acrosomal and maturation phases), defective acrosome with damaged acrosomal membrane that was detached from the nucleus was observed. Along with malformed acrosome, elongation failed nucleus having oval or round shaped morphology was also observed. Moreover, morphological damage to the mitochondrial cristae was observed. Lacuna formation, half and complete loss of cristae were observed in the mitochondria of developing spermatids. We proposed that autophagy is required for normal formation of the acrosome and mitochondrial cristae during turtle spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | | | - Zulfqur Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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75
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Cogliati S, Lorenzi I, Rigoni G, Caicci F, Soriano ME. Regulation of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Assembly. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4849-4873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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76
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Siegmund SE, Grassucci R, Carter SD, Barca E, Farino ZJ, Juanola-Falgarona M, Zhang P, Tanji K, Hirano M, Schon EA, Frank J, Freyberg Z. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Mitochondrial Crista Ultrastructure in a Patient with Leigh Syndrome by In Situ Cryoelectron Tomography. iScience 2018; 6:83-91. [PMID: 30240627 PMCID: PMC6137323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases produce profound neurological dysfunction via mutations affecting mitochondrial energy production, including the relatively common Leigh syndrome (LS). We recently described an LS case caused by a pathogenic mutation in USMG5, encoding a small supernumerary subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein is integral for ATP synthase dimerization, and patient fibroblasts revealed an almost total loss of ATP synthase dimers. Here, we utilize in situ cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) in a clinical case-control study of mitochondrial disease to directly study mitochondria within cultured fibroblasts from a patient with LS and a healthy human control subject. Through tomographic analysis of patient and control mitochondria, we find that loss of ATP synthase dimerization due to the pathogenic mutation causes profound disturbances of mitochondrial crista ultrastructure. Overall, this work supports the crucial role of ATP synthase in regulating crista architecture in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Siegmund
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen D Carter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Peijun Zhang
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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77
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Uittenbogaard M, Brantner CA, Fang Z, Wong LJC, Gropman A, Chiaramello A. Novel insights into the functional metabolic impact of an apparent de novo m.8993T>G variant in the MT-ATP6 gene associated with maternally inherited form of Leigh Syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:71-81. [PMID: 29602698 PMCID: PMC6016550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel perpective of metabolic consequences for the m.8993T>G variant using fibroblasts from a proband with clinical symptoms compatible with Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome (MILS). Definitive diagnosis was corroborated by mitochondrial DNA testing for the pathogenic variant m.8993T>G in MT-ATP6 subunit by Sanger sequencing. The long-range PCR followed by massively parallel sequencing method detected the near homoplasmic m.8993T>G variant at 83% in the proband's fibroblasts and at 0.4% in the mother's fibroblasts. Our results are compatible with very low levels of germline heteroplasmy or an apparent de novo mutation. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis reveals severe defects in mitochondrial cristae structure in the proband's fibroblasts. Our live-cell mitochondrial respiratory analyses show impaired oxidative phosphorylation with decreased spare respiratory capacity in response to energy stress in the proband's fibroblasts. We detected a diminished glycolysis with a lessened glycolytic capacity and reserve, revealing a stunted ability to switch to glycolysis upon full inhibition of OXPHOS activities. This dysregulated energy reprogramming results in a defective interplay between OXPHOS and glycolysis during an energy crisis. Our study sheds light on the potential pathophysiologic mechanism leading to chronic energy crisis in this MILS patient harboring the m.8993T>G variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - ZiShui Fang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee-Jun C Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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78
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Chakrabarti R, Ji WK, Stan RV, de Juan Sanz J, Ryan TA, Higgs HN. INF2-mediated actin polymerization at the ER stimulates mitochondrial calcium uptake, inner membrane constriction, and division. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:251-268. [PMID: 29142021 PMCID: PMC5748994 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial division requires division of both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (IMM and OMM, respectively). Interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes OMM division by recruitment of the dynamin Drp1, but effects on IMM division are not well characterized. We previously showed that actin polymerization through ER-bound inverted formin 2 (INF2) stimulates Drp1 recruitment in mammalian cells. Here, we show that INF2-mediated actin polymerization stimulates a second mitochondrial response independent of Drp1: a rise in mitochondrial matrix calcium through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. ER stores supply the increased mitochondrial calcium, and the role of actin is to increase ER-mitochondria contact. Myosin IIA is also required for this mitochondrial calcium increase. Elevated mitochondrial calcium in turn activates IMM constriction in a Drp1-independent manner. IMM constriction requires electron transport chain activity. IMM division precedes OMM division. These results demonstrate that actin polymerization independently stimulates the dynamics of both membranes during mitochondrial division: IMM through increased matrix calcium, and OMM through Drp1 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Wei-Ke Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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79
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Wang W, Fernandez-Sanz C, Sheu SS. Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics by the non-canonical roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1991-2001. [PMID: 28918113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in mitochondrial research has significantly extended our knowledge on the role and regulation of mitochondria in health and disease. One important breakthrough is the delineation of how mitochondrial morphological changes, termed mitochondrial dynamics, are coupled to the bioenergetics and signaling functions of mitochondria. In general, it is believed that fusion leads to an increased mitochondrial respiration efficiency and resistance to stress-induced dysfunction while fission does the contrary. This concept seems not applicable to adult cardiomyocytes. The mitochondria in adult cardiomyocytes exhibit fragmented morphology (tilted towards fission) and show less networking and movement as compared to other cell types. However, being the most energy-demanding cells, cardiomyocytes in the adult heart possess vast number of mitochondria, high level of energy flow, and abundant mitochondrial dynamics proteins. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by recently identified new functions of the mitochondrial dynamics proteins. These "non-canonical" roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins range from controlling inter-organelle communication to regulating cell viability and survival under metabolic stresses. Here, we summarize the newly identified non-canonical roles of mitochondrial dynamics proteins. We focus on how these fission and fusion independent roles of dynamics proteins regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms, unique intracellular location, and the cardiovascular disease relevance of these non-canonical roles of the dynamics proteins. We propose that future studies are warranted to differentiate the canonical and non-canonical roles of dynamics proteins and to identify new approaches for the treatment of heart diseases. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Celia Fernandez-Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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80
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Javadov S, Chapa-Dubocq X, Makarov V. Different approaches to modeling analysis of mitochondrial swelling. Mitochondrion 2017; 38:58-70. [PMID: 28802667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical players involved in both cell life and death through multiple pathways. Structural integrity, metabolism and function of mitochondria are regulated by matrix volume due to physiological changes of ion homeostasis in cellular cytoplasm and mitochondria. Ca2+ and K+ presumably play a critical role in physiological and pathological swelling of mitochondria when increased uptake (influx)/decreased release (efflux) of these ions enhances osmotic pressure accompanied by high water accumulation in the matrix. Changes in the matrix volume in the physiological range have a stimulatory effect on electron transfer chain and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy metabolic requirements of the cell. However, excessive matrix swelling associated with the sustained opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTP) and other PTP-independent mechanisms compromises mitochondrial function and integrity leading to cell death. The mechanisms of transition from reversible (physiological) to irreversible (pathological) swelling of mitochondria remain unknown. Mitochondrial swelling is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, modeling analysis of the swelling process is important for understanding the mechanisms of cell dysfunction. This review attempts to describe the role of mitochondrial swelling in cell life and death and the main mechanisms involved in the maintenance of ion homeostasis and swelling. The review also summarizes and discusses different kinetic models and approaches that can be useful for the development of new models for better simulation and prediction of in vivo mitochondrial swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Xavier Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Department of Physics, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
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