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Mesgarpour B, Heidinger BH, Roth D, Schmitz S, Walsh CD, Herkner H. Harms of off-label erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 8:CD010969. [PMID: 28841235 PMCID: PMC6373621 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010969.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is a common problem experienced by critically-ill people. Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) has been used as a pharmacologic strategy when the blunted response of endogenous erythropoietin has been reported in critically-ill people. The use of ESAs becomes more important where adverse clinical outcomes of transfusing blood products is a limitation. However, this indication for ESAs is not licensed by regulatory authorities and is called off-label use. Recent studies concern the harm of ESAs in a critical care setting. OBJECTIVES To focus on harms in assessing the effects of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), alone or in combination, compared with placebo, no treatment or a different active treatment regimen when administered off-label to critically-ill people. SEARCH METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO via OvidSP, CINAHL, all evidence-based medicine (EBM) reviews including IPA and SCI-Expanded, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science, BIOSIS Previews and TOXLINE up to February 2017. We also searched trials registries, checked reference lists of relevant studies and tracked their citations by using SciVerse Scopus. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled observational studies, which compared scheduled systemic administration of ESAs versus other effective interventions, placebo or no treatment in critically-ill people. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened and evaluated the eligibility of retrieved records, extracted data and assessed the risks of bias and quality of the included studies. We resolved differences in opinion by consensus or by involving a third review author. We assessed the evidence using GRADE and created a 'Summary of findings' table. We used fixed-effect or random-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity between studies. We fitted three-level hierarchical Bayesian models to calculate overall treatment effect estimates. MAIN RESULTS Of the 27,865 records identified, 39 clinical trials and 14 observational studies, including a total of 945,240 participants, were eligible for inclusion. Five studies are awaiting classification. Overall, we found 114 adverse events in 33 studies (30 RCTs and three observational studies), and mortality was reported in 41 studies (32 RCTs and nine observational studies). Most studies were at low to moderate risk of bias for harms outcomes. However, overall harm assessment and reporting were of moderate to low quality in the RCTs, and of low quality in the observational studies. We downgraded the GRADE quality of evidence for venous thromboembolism and mortality to very low and low, respectively, because of risk of bias, high inconsistency, imprecision and limitations of study design.It is unclear whether there is an increase in the risk of any adverse events (Bayesian risk ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.21; 3099 participants; 9 studies; low-quality evidence) or venous thromboembolism (Bayesian RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.41; 18,917 participants; 18 studies; very low-quality evidence).There was a decreased risk of mortality with off-label use of ESAs in critically-ill people (Bayesian RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92; 930,470 participants; 34 studies; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Low quality of evidence suggests that off-label use of ESAs may reduce mortality in a critical care setting. There was a lack of high-quality evidence about the harm of ESAs in critically-ill people. The information for biosimilar ESAs is less conclusive. Most studies neither evaluated ESAs' harm as a primary outcome nor predefined adverse events. Any further studies of ESA should address the quality of evaluating, recording and reporting of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dominik Roth
- Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Emergency MedicineAllgemeines Krankenhaus, Währinger Gürtel
18‐20,ViennaAustria1090
| | - Susanne Schmitz
- Luxembourg Institute of HealthDepartment of Population Health1A‐B, rue Thomas EdisonStrassenLuxembourg1445
| | - Cathal D Walsh
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsHealth Research Institute (HRI) and MACSIUniversity of LimerickIreland
| | - Harald Herkner
- Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Emergency MedicineAllgemeines Krankenhaus, Währinger Gürtel
18‐20,ViennaAustria1090
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Iorember F, Aviles D. Anemia in nephrotic syndrome: approach to evaluation and treatment. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:1323-1330. [PMID: 27999949 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common glomerular diseases that affect in children. Complications may occur in nephrotic syndrome as a result of the disease itself as well as its treatment. Most of these complications result from excessive urinary protein losses, and control of proteinuria is the most effective treatment strategy. Anemia is one of the many complications seen in patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome and may occur as a result of excessive urinary losses of iron, transferrin, erythropoietin, transcobalamin and/or metals. This leads to a deficiency of substrates necessary for effective erythropoiesis, requiring supplementation in order to correct the anemia. Supplementation of iron and erythropoietin alone often does not lead to correction of the anemia, suggesting other possible mechanisms which need further investigation. A clear understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of anemia in nephrotic syndrome is necessary to guide appropriate therapy, but only limited evidence is currently available on the precise etiologic mechanisms of anemia in nephrotic syndrome. In this review we focus on the current state of knowledge on the pathogenesis of anemia in nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Iorember
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Rm 4241, Now Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Diego Aviles
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, Rm 4241, Now Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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53
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Aalling N, Hageman I, Miskowiak K, Orlowski D, Wegener G, Wortwein G. Erythropoietin prevents the effect of chronic restraint stress on the number of hippocampal CA3c dendritic terminals-relation to expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:103-116. [PMID: 28752903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced allostatic load affects a variety of biological processes including synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain, especially in the hippocampus. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has shown promising neuroprotective effects. Recombinant human EPO is currently highlighted as a new candidate treatment for cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. Because EPO enhances synaptic plasticity, attenuates oxidative stress, and inhibits generation of proinflammatory cytokines, EPO may be able to modulate the effects of stress-induced allostatic load at the molecular level. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how EPO and repeated restraint stress, separately and combined, influence (i) behavior in the novelty-suppressed feeding test of depression/anxiety-related behavior; (ii) mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation; and (iii) remodeling of the dendritic structure of the CA3c area of the hippocampus in male rats. As expected, chronic restraint stress lowered the number of CA3c apical dendritic terminals, and EPO treatment reversed this effect. Interestingly, these effects seemed to be mechanistically distinct, as stress and EPO had differential effects on gene expression. While chronic restraint stress lowered the expression of spinophilin, tumor necrosis factor α, and heat shock protein 72, EPO increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α and lowered the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hippocampus. These findings indicate that the effects of treatment with EPO follow different molecular pathways and do not directly counteract the effects of stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Aalling
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Hageman
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gitta Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hahn N, Knorr DY, Liebig J, Wüstefeld L, Peters K, Büscher M, Bucher G, Ehrenreich H, Heinrich R. The Insect Ortholog of the Human Orphan Cytokine Receptor CRLF3 Is a Neuroprotective Erythropoietin Receptor. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:223. [PMID: 28769759 PMCID: PMC5509957 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) mediates various cell homeostatic responses to environmental challenges and pathological insults. While stimulation of vertebrate erythrocyte production is mediated by homodimeric “classical” Epo receptors, alternative receptors are involved in neuroprotection. However, their identity remains enigmatic due to complex cytokine ligand and receptor interactions and conflicting experimental results. Besides the classical Epo receptor, the family of type I cytokine receptors also includes the poorly characterized orphan cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3) present in vertebrates including human and various insect species. By making use of the more simple genetic makeup of insect model systems, we studied whether CRLF3 is a neuroprotective Epo receptor in animals. We identified a single ortholog of CRLF3 in the beetle Tribolium castaneum, and established protocols for primary neuronal cell cultures from Tribolium brains and efficient in vitro RNA interference. Recombinant human Epo as well as the non-erythropoietic Epo splice variant EV-3 increased the survival of serum-deprived brain neurons, confirming the previously described neuroprotective effect of Epo in insects. Moreover, Epo completely prevented hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death of primary neuronal cultures. Knockdown of CRLF3 expression by RNA interference with two different double stranded RNA (dsRNA) fragments abolished the neuroprotective effect of Epo, indicating that CRLF3 is a crucial component of the insect Epo-responsive receptor. This suggests that a common urbilaterian ancestor of the orphan human and insect cytokine receptor CRLF3 served as a neuroprotective receptor for an Epo-like cytokine. Our work also suggests that vertebrate CRLF3, like its insect ortholog, might represent a tissue protection-mediating receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hahn
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Debbra Y Knorr
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Liebig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Liane Wüstefeld
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGoettingen, Germany.,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB)Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Peters
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Marita Büscher
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Bucher
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGoettingen, Germany.,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB)Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
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Clostridium perfringens α-toxin impairs erythropoiesis by inhibition of erythroid differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5217. [PMID: 28701754 PMCID: PMC5507896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens α-toxin induces hemolysis of erythrocytes from various species, but it has not been elucidated whether the toxin affects erythropoiesis. In this study, we treated bone marrow cells (BMCs) from mice with purified α-toxin and found that TER119+ erythroblasts were greatly decreased by the treatment. A variant α-toxin defective in enzymatic activities, phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase, had no effect on the population of erythroblasts, demonstrating that the decrease in erythroblasts was dependent of its enzymatic activities. α-Toxin reduced the CD71+TER119+ and CD71–TER119+ cell populations but not the CD71+TER119− cell population. In addition, α-toxin decreased the number of colony-forming unit erythroid colonies but not burst-forming unit erythroid colonies, indicating that α-toxin preferentially reduced mature erythroid cells compared with immature cells. α-Toxin slightly increased annexinV+ cells in TER119+ cells. Additionally, simultaneous treatment of BMCs with α-toxin and erythropoietin greatly attenuated the reduction of TER119+ erythroblasts by α-toxin. Furthermore, hemin-induced differentiation of human K562 erythroleukemia cells was impaired by α-toxin, whereas the treatment exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity. These results suggested that α-toxin mainly inhibited erythroid differentiation. Together, our results provide new insights into the biological activities of α-toxin, which might be important to understand the pathogenesis of C. perfringens infection.
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Santos-Morales O, Díaz-Machado A, Jiménez-Rodríguez D, Pomares-Iturralde Y, Festary-Casanovas T, González-Delgado CA, Pérez-Rodríguez S, Alfonso-Muñoz E, Viada-González C, Piedra-Sierra P, García-García I, Amaro-González D, García-Rodríguez JC, Sosa-Testé I, Lagarto-Parra A, Barrero-Viera L, David-Baldo M, Tamayo-Rodríguez M, Rivero-Vázquez I, González-Gamiz G, Martín-Trujillo A, Rodríguez-Fernández Y, Ledo-de la Luz AA, Álvarez-Delgado M, Howland-Álvarez I, Cruz-Gómez Y. Nasal administration of the neuroprotective candidate NeuroEPO to healthy volunteers: a randomized, parallel, open-label safety study. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 28676085 PMCID: PMC5496637 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery of therapeutic agents as erythropoietin (EPO) into Central Nervous System through intranasal route could benefit patients with neurological disorders. A new nasal formulation containing a non-hematopoietic recombinant EPO (NeuroEPO) has shown neuroprotective actions in preclinical models. In the current study, the safety of NeuroEPO was evaluated for the first time in humans. METHODS A phase I, randomized, parallel, open-label study was carried out in healthy volunteers. They received, intranasally, 1 mg of NeuroEPO every 8 h during 4 days (Group A) or 0.5 mg of NeuroEPO (Group B) with the same schedule. The working hypothesis was that intranasal NeuroEPO produce <10% of severe adverse reactions in the evaluated groups. Therefore, a rigorous assessment of possible adverse events was carried out, which included tolerance of the nasal mucosa and the effect on hematopoietic activity. Clinical safety evaluation was daily during treatment and laboratory tests were done before and on days 5 and 14 after starting treatment. RESULTS Twenty-five volunteers, 56% women, with a mean age of 27 yrs. were included. Twelve of them received the highest NeuroEPO dose. Twenty types of adverse events occurred, with headache (20%) and increase of hepatic enzymes (20%) as the most reported ones. Nasopharyngeal itching was the most common local event but only observed in four patients (16%), all of them from the lowest dose group. About half of the events were very probably or probably caused by the studied product. Most of the events were mild (95.5%), did not require treatment (88.6%) and were completely resolved (81.8%). No severe adverse events were reported. During the study the hematopoietic variables were kept within reference values. CONCLUSIONS NeuroEPO was a safe product, well tolerated at the nasal mucosa level and did not stimulate erythropoiesis in healthy volunteers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials RPCEC00000157 , June 10, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Díaz-Machado
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daise Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Tatiana Festary-Casanovas
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Sonia Pérez-Rodríguez
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Eulalia Alfonso-Muñoz
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carmen Viada-González
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Idrian García-García
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daniel Amaro-González
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - for the NeuroEPO Study Group
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio César García-Rodríguez
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iliana Sosa-Testé
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alicia Lagarto-Parra
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Laura Barrero-Viera
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marlene David-Baldo
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maura Tamayo-Rodríguez
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivonne Rivero-Vázquez
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gricel González-Gamiz
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alis Martín-Trujillo
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasmila Rodríguez-Fernández
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ana Alfa Ledo-de la Luz
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maylén Álvarez-Delgado
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivón Howland-Álvarez
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yolanda Cruz-Gómez
- NeuroEPO Research and Development Group, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- National Center for Toxicology, “Carlos J. Finlay” University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
- Clinical Trials Group, Research Direction, Center for Drug Research and Development (CIDEM), Ave. 26 and Puentes Grandes, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
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Maltaneri RE, Chamorro ME, Schiappacasse A, Nesse AB, Vittori DC. Differential effect of erythropoietin and carbamylated erythropoietin on endothelial cell migration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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58
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Chang HC, Huang DY, Wu MS, Chu CL, Tzeng SJ, Lin WW. Spleen tyrosine kinase mediates the actions of EPO and GM-CSF and coordinates with TGF-β in erythropoiesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:687-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Miljus N, Massih B, Weis MA, Rison JV, Bonnas CB, Sillaber I, Ehrenreich H, Geurten BRH, Heinrich R. Neuroprotection and endocytosis: erythropoietin receptors in insect nervous systems. J Neurochem 2017; 141:63-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Miljus
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Bita Massih
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Marissa A. Weis
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Jan Vincent Rison
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | | | | | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Goettingen Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB); Goettingen Germany
| | - Bart R. H. Geurten
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Ralf Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Institute for Zoology; University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
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60
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Mateus V, Rocha J, Alves P, Mota-Filipe H, Sepodes B, Pinto RMA. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Erythropoietin in the TNBS-induced Colitis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:138-145. [PMID: 27579991 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin is a potent stimulator of erythroid progenitor cells, which is able to inhibit NF-kB activation, due to its pleiotropic properties, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory effect. As inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease with reduced quality of life, and the current pharmacotherapy only induces or maintains the patient in remission, there is a crucial need of new pharmacological approaches. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of erythropoietin in the TNBS-induced colitis model in mice with a normal intestinal flora. Mice with TNBS-induced colitis were treated with a daily dose of erythropoietin at 500 IU/kg bw/day and 1000 IU/Kg bw/day IP during 4 days. As to clinical symptoms/signs, erythropoietin attenuated the decreased body-weight and reduced diarrhoea and oedema of the anus registered in the non-treated mice group in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory properties of erythropoietin in the TNBS-induced colitis were confirmed by suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO, as well as a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was promoted. These treated mice also presented a reduction in haemoglobin faecal and ALP, suggesting a beneficial effect of erythropoietin in the haemorrhagic focus and destruction of the enterocyte associated with the colon injury induced by TNBS, respectively. The histopathological score was reduced after treatment with erythropoietin, decreasing the severity and extension of the colitis. Furthermore, renal and hepatic biomarkers, as well as haematocrit concentration, remained stabilized after treatment. In conclusion, erythropoietin reduces the inflammatory response associated with TNBS-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mateus
- Lisbon School of Health Technology (ESTeSL), Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helder Mota-Filipe
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,JCS, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Lisbon, Portugal
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61
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Rodríguez Cruz Y, Strehaiano M, Rodríguez Obaya T, García Rodríguez JC, Maurice T. An Intranasal Formulation of Erythropoietin (Neuro-EPO) Prevents Memory Deficits and Amyloid Toxicity in the APPSwe Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:231-248. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Rodríguez Cruz
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
- Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Manon Strehaiano
- Inserm U1198, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | - Julío César García Rodríguez
- Department of Histology, Institute of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tangui Maurice
- Inserm U1198, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
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62
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Våtsveen TK, Sponaas AM, Tian E, Zhang Q, Misund K, Sundan A, Børset M, Waage A, Brede G. Erythropoietin (EPO)-receptor signaling induces cell death of primary myeloma cells in vitro. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:75. [PMID: 27581518 PMCID: PMC5007700 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable complex disease characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in a hypoxic bone marrow environment. Hypoxia-dependent erythropoietin (EPO)-receptor (EPOR) signaling is central in various cancers, but the relevance of EPOR signaling in multiple myeloma cells has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Methods Myeloma cell lines and malignant plasma cells isolated from bone marrow of myeloma patients were used in this study. Transcript levels were analysed by quantitative PCR and cell surface levels of EPOR in primary cells by flow cytometry. Knockdown of EPOR by short interfering RNA was used to show specific EPOR signaling in the myeloma cell line INA-6. Flow cytometry was used to assess viability in primary cells treated with EPO in the presence and absence of neutralizing anti-EPOR antibodies. Gene expression data for total therapy 2 (TT2), total therapy 3A (TT3A) trials and APEX 039 and 040 were retrieved from NIH GEO omnibus and EBI ArrayExpress. Results We show that the EPOR is expressed in myeloma cell lines and in primary myeloma cells both at the mRNA and protein level. Exposure to recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) reduced viability of INA-6 myeloma cell line and of primary myeloma cells. This effect could be partially reversed by neutralizing antibodies against EPOR. In INA-6 cells and primary myeloma cells, janus kinase 2 (JAK-2) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK-1/2) were phosphorylated by rhEPO treatment. Knockdown of EPOR expression in INA-6 cells reduced rhEPO-induced phospo-JAK-2 and phospho-ERK-1/2. Co-cultures of primary myeloma cells with bone marrow-derived stroma cells did not protect the myeloma cells from rhEPO-induced cell death. In four different clinical trials, survival data linked to gene expression analysis indicated that high levels of EPOR mRNA were associated with better survival. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time active EPOR signaling in malignant plasma cells. EPO-mediated EPOR signaling reduced the viability of myeloma cell lines and of malignant primary plasma cells in vitro. Our results encourage further studies to investigate the importance of EPO/EPOR in multiple myeloma progression and treatment. Trial registration [Trial registration number for Total Therapy (TT) 2: NCT00083551 and TT3: NCT00081939].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Present Address: Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Present Address: Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erming Tian
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kristine Misund
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- K.G. Jebsen Centre of Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Haematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gaute Brede
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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63
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Omlor GW, Kleinschmidt K, Gantz S, Speicher A, Guehring T, Richter W. Increased bone formation in a rabbit long-bone defect model after single local and single systemic application of erythropoietin. Acta Orthop 2016; 87:425-31. [PMID: 27348783 PMCID: PMC4967288 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1198200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Delayed bone healing with non-union is a common problem. Further options to increase bone healing together with surgery are needed. We therefore evaluated a 1-dose single application of erythropoietin (EPO), applied either locally to the defect or systemically during surgery, in a critical-size rabbit long-bone defect. Material and methods - 19 New Zealand White rabbits received a 15-mm defect in the radius diaphysis. An absorbable gelatin sponge was soaked with saline (control group and systemic treatment group) or EPO (local treatment group) and implanted into the gap. The systemic treatment group received EPO subcutaneously. In vivo micro-CT analysis was performed 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Vascularization was evaluated histologically. Results - Semiquantitative histomorphometric and radiological evaluation showed increased bone formation (2.3- to 2.5-fold) in both treatment groups after 12 weeks compared to the controls. Quantitative determination of bone volume and tissue volume showed superior bone healing after EPO treatment at all follow-up time points, with the highest values after 12 weeks in locally treated animals (3.0- to 3.4-fold). More vascularization was found in both EPO treatment groups. Interpretation - Initial single dosing with EPO was sufficient to increase bone healing substantially after 12 weeks of follow-up. Local application inside the defect was most effective, and it can be administered directly during surgery. Apart from effects on ossification, systemic and local EPO treatment leads to increased callus vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg W Omlor
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital;
| | | | - Simone Gantz
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital;
| | - Anja Speicher
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital;
| | | | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital; ,Correspondence:
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64
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Rephaeli A, Tarasenko N, Fibach E, Rozic G, Lubin I, Lipovetsky J, Furman S, Malik Z, Nudelman A. Bi-functional prodrugs of 5-aminolevulinic acid and butyric acid increase erythropoiesis in anemic mice in an erythropoietin-independent manner. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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65
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Phagocyte respiratory burst activates macrophage erythropoietin signalling to promote acute inflammation resolution. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12177. [PMID: 27397585 PMCID: PMC4942576 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is an active process, the failure of which causes uncontrolled inflammation which underlies many chronic diseases. Therefore, endogenous pathways that regulate inflammation resolution are fundamental and of wide interest. Here, we demonstrate that phagocyte respiratory burst-induced hypoxia activates macrophage erythropoietin signalling to promote acute inflammation resolution. This signalling is activated following acute but not chronic inflammation. Pharmacological or genetical inhibition of the respiratory burst suppresses hypoxia and macrophage erythropoietin signalling. Macrophage-specific erythropoietin receptor-deficient mice and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) mice, which lack the capacity for respiratory burst, display impaired inflammation resolution, and exogenous erythropoietin enhances this resolution in WT and CGD mice. Mechanistically, erythropoietin increases macrophage engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils via PPARγ, promotes macrophage removal of debris and enhances macrophage migration to draining lymph nodes. Together, our results provide evidences of an endogenous pathway that regulates inflammation resolution, with important implications for treating inflammatory conditions.
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66
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Carbamylated erythropoietin enhances mice ventilatory responses to changes in O2 but not CO2 levels. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 232:1-12. [PMID: 27317882 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has beneficial tissue-protective effects in several diseases but erythrocytosis may cause deleterious effects in EPO-treated patients. Thus carbamylated-EPO (C-EPO) and other derivatives retaining tissue-protective but lacking bone marrow-stimulating actions have been developed. Although EPO modulates ventilatory responses, the effects of C-EPO on ventilation have not been investigated. Here, basal breathing and respiratory chemoreflexes were measured by plethysmography after acute and chronic treatments with recombinant human C-EPO (rhC-EPO; 15,000 IU/kg during 5days) or saline (control group). Hematocrit, plasma and brainstem rhC-EPO levels were also quantified. Chronic rhC-EPO significantly elevated tissue rhC-EPO levels but not hematocrit. None of the drug regimen altered basal ventilation (normoxia). Chronic but not acute rhC-EPO enhanced hyperoxic ventilatory depression, and sustained the hypoxic ventilatory response mainly via a reduction of the roll-off phase. By contrast, rhC-EPO did not blunt the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. Thus, chronic C-EPO may be a promising therapy to improve breathing during hypoxia while minimizing adverse effects on cardiovascular function.
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67
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Shirley Ding SL, Leow SN, Munisvaradass R, Koh EH, Bastion MLC, Then KY, Kumar S, Mok PL. Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1293-1309. [PMID: 27285322 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone conventionally thought to be responsible only in producing red blood cells in our body. However, with the discovery of the presence of EPO and EPO receptors in the retinal layers, the EPO seems to have physiological roles in the eye. In this review, we revisit the role of EPO in the eye. We look into the biological role of EPO in the development of the eye and the physiologic roles that it has. Apart from that, we seek to understand the mechanisms and pathways of EPO that contributes to the therapeutic and pathological conditions of the various ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, optic neuritis, and retinal detachment. With these understandings, we discuss the clinical applications of EPO for treatment of ocular disorders, modes of administration, EPO formulations, current clinical trials, and its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Shirley Ding
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Leow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - R Munisvaradass
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E H Koh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M L C Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Y Then
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P L Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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68
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Hayashi H, Takagi N. Endogenous Neuroprotective Molecules and Their Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1104-8. [PMID: 26235573 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functions of the central nervous system (CNS) are based on a complex neural network. It is believed that the CNS has several neuroprotective mechanisms operated by neurons, glia and other types of cells against various types of neuronal damage. Since mature, differentiated neurons are not able to divide, it is important to protect neurons from damage prior to death. The neuroprotective effects of a number of pharmaceutical agents and natural products against necrosis and apoptosis of the CNS neurons have been reported, thus this review will mainly discuss several endogenous neuroprotectants and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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69
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Erythropoietin Pathway: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050677. [PMID: 27164096 PMCID: PMC4881503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental studies has indicated that erythropoietin may have antidepressant effects. In addition to the kidney and liver, many organs have been identified as secretory tissues for erythropoietin, including the brain. Its receptor is expressed in cerebral and spinal cord neurons, the hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, dorsal root ganglia, nerve axons, and Schwann cells. These findings may highlight new functions for erythropoietin, which was originally considered to play a crucial role in the progress of erythroid differentiation. Erythropoietin and its receptor signaling through JAK2 activate multiple downstream signaling pathways including STAT5, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK. These factors may play an important role in inflammation and neuroprogression in the nervous system. This is particularly true for the hippocampus, which is possibly related to learning, memory, neurocognitive deficits and mood alterations. Thus, the influence of erythropoietin on the downstream pathways known to be involved in the treatment of depression makes the erythropoietin-related pathway an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Focusing on erythropoietin may help us understand the pathogenic mechanisms of depression and the molecular basis of its treatment.
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70
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Oikonomidou PR, Casu C, Yang Z, Crielaard B, Shim JH, Rivella S, Vogiatzi MG. Polycythemia is associated with bone loss and reduced osteoblast activity in mice. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1559-1568. [PMID: 26650379 PMCID: PMC5319412 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased fragility has been described in humans with polycythemia vera (PV). Herein, we describe an osteoporotic phenotype associated with decreased osteoblast activity in a mouse model of PV and another mouse of polycythemia and elevated circulating erythropoietin (EPO). Our results are important for patients with PV or those treated with recombinant EPO (rEPO). INTRODUCTION PV and other myeloproliferative syndromes have been recently associated with an increased risk for fractures. However, the presence of osteoporosis in these patients has not been well documented. EPO, a hormone primarily known to stimulate erythropoiesis, has been shown recently to regulate bone homeostasis in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the bone phenotype of a mouse model of PV and compare it to that of animals with polycythemia caused by elevated circulating EPO. METHODS Bone mass and remodeling were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. The JAK2(V617F) knock-in mouse, a model of human PV, manifests polycythemia and low circulating EPO levels. Results from this mouse were compared to wild type (wt) controls and the tg6 transgenic mouse that shows polycythemia caused by increased constitutive expression of EPO. RESULTS Compared to wt, both JAK2(V617F) and tg6 mice had a decrease in trabecular bone mass. Tg6 mice showed an additional modest decrease in cortical thickness and cortical bone volume per tissue volume (P < 0.01) suggesting a more severe bone phenotype than JAK2(V617F). Decreased osteoblast numbers and bone formation along with normal osteoclast numbers and activity were found in both mice. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that PV is associated with low bone mass and decreased osteoblast activity in mice. Our results support future studies of osteoporosis in affected humans. Polycythemia caused by chronically elevated circulating EPO also results in bone loss, and implications on patients treated with rEPO should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Oikonomidou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Room 309 F, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - C Casu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Room 309 F, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY,, 10021, USA
| | - B Crielaard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J H Shim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, E-904, New York, NY,, 10065, USA
| | - S Rivella
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Room 316 B, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M G Vogiatzi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Bvld., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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71
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Novel bioluminescent binding assays for interaction studies of protein/peptide hormones with their receptors. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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72
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Xu Q, Zhang C, Zhang D, Jiang H, Peng S, Liu Y, Zhao K, Wang C, Chen L. Analysis of the erythropoietin of a Tibetan Plateau schizothoracine fish (Gymnocypris dobula) reveals enhanced cytoprotection function in hypoxic environments. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 26768152 PMCID: PMC4714423 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a principal regulatory role in erythropoiesis and initiates cell homeostatic responses to environmental challenges. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a natural laboratory for hypoxia adaptation. Gymnocypris dobula is a highly specialized plateau schizothoracine fish that is restricted to > 4500 m high-altitude freshwater rivers and ponds in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The role of EPO in the adaptation of schizothoracine fish to hypoxia is unknown. RESULTS The EPO and EPO receptor genes from G. dobula and four other schizothoracine fish from various altitudinal habitats were characterized. Schizothoracine EPOs are predicted to possess 2-3 N-glycosylation (NGS) sites, 4-5 casein kinase II phosphorylation (CK2) sites, 1-2 protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites, and four conserved cysteine residues within four helical domains, with variations in the numbers of NGS and CK2 sites in G. dobula. PAML analysis indicated a d N/d S value (ω) = 1.112 in the G. dobula lineage, and a few amino acids potentially under lineage-specific positive selection were detected within the G. dobula EPO. Similarly, EPO receptors of the two high-altitude schizothoracines (G. dobula and Ptychobarbus kaznakovi), were found to be statistically on the border of positive selection using the branch-site model (P-value = 0.096), and some amino acids located in the ligand-binding domain and the fibronectin type III domain were identified as potentially positive selection sites. Tissue EPO expression profiling based on transcriptome sequencing of three schizothoracines (G. dobula, Schizothorax nukiangensis Tsao, and Schizothorax prenanti) showed significant upregulation of EPO expression in the brain and less significantly in the gill of G. dobula. The elevated expression together with the rapid evolution of the EPO gene in G. dobula suggested a possible role for EPO in adaptation to hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, Gd-EPO and Sp-EPO were cloned into an expression vector and transfected into the cultured cell line 293 T. Significantly higher cell viability was observed in cells transfected with Gd-EPO than cells harboring Sp-EPO when challenged by hypoxia. CONCLUSION The deduced EPO proteins of the schizothoracine fish contain characteristic structures and important domains similar to EPOs from other taxa. The presence of potentially positive selection sites in both EPO and EPOR in G. dobula suggest possible adaptive evolution in the ligand-receptor binding activity of the EPO signaling cascade in G. dobula. Functional study indicated that the EPO from high-altitude schizothoracine species demonstrated features of hypoxic adaptation by reducing toxic effects or improving cell survival when expressed in cultured cells, providing evidence of molecular adaptation to hypoxic conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huapeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
| | - Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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73
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Sriram S, Xenocostas A, Lazo-Langner A. Erythropoietin in anemia of unknown etiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematology 2016; 21:234-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sriram
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Alejandro Lazo-Langner
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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74
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Erythropoietin reduces acute lung injury and multiple organ failure/dysfunction associated to a scald-burn inflammatory injury in the rat. Inflammation 2015; 38:312-26. [PMID: 25270658 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an endogenous regulator of erythropoiesis and is given exogenously as a replacement therapy for selected red blood cell disorders. In the past years, EPO has been emerging as a multifunctional, cytoprotective cytokine with anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of rhEPO (recombinant human EPO) treatment on a rat model of multiorgan dysfunction induced by thermal injury. rhEPO was administered at 1000 U/kg (i.v.) 5 min prior to induction of injury and significantly reduced multiorgan dysfunction markers (liver, kidney, lung, serum cytokine levels). In the lung, rhEPO reduced: histological signs of tissue injury, inflammatory/injury markers on the bronchoalveolar fluid, neutrophil chemotaxis/infiltration, GSK-3β activation, and apoptosis. Our study showed that erythropoietin has the potential to exhibit pleiotropic cytoprotective effects and that it might be an interesting pharmacological strategy in the modulation of acute lung injury, such as the one associated to severe burn.
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75
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Nguyen Duc T, Huse M. A Generalizable Platform for the Photoactivation of Cell Surface Receptors. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2435-40. [PMID: 26295186 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polarized signal transduction from cell surface receptors plays a central role in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms, and it also contributes to cellular dysfunction in many disease states. Understanding the molecular and cellular bases of polarized signaling requires experimental methods that provide precise spatiotemporal control of receptor activation. However, we currently lack strategies for inducing both sustained and spatially constrained signal transduction. In the present study, we combined synthetic and cell biological tools to develop a generalizable photoactivation approach for the stimulation of cell surface receptors. Our system, which is based upon the local decaging of a "universal" peptide ligand, is particularly well suited for the live imaging of single cells. We anticipate that it will greatly facilitate future mechanistic analyses of polarized signal transduction in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Nguyen Duc
- Tri-Institutional
Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300
York Avenue, New York, New
York 10065, United States
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology
Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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76
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Pradeep S, Huang J, Mora EM, Nick AM, Cho MS, Wu SY, Noh K, Pecot CV, Rupaimoole R, Stein MA, Brock S, Wen Y, Xiong C, Gharpure K, Hansen JM, Nagaraja AS, Previs RA, Vivas-Mejia P, Han HD, Hu W, Mangala LS, Zand B, Stagg LJ, Ladbury JE, Ozpolat B, Alpay SN, Nishimura M, Stone RL, Matsuo K, Armaiz-Peña GN, Dalton HJ, Danes C, Goodman B, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Kruger C, Schneider A, Haghpeykar S, Jaladurgam P, Hung MC, Coleman RL, Liu J, Li C, Urbauer D, Lopez-Berestein G, Jackson DB, Sood AK. Erythropoietin Stimulates Tumor Growth via EphB4. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:610-622. [PMID: 26481148 PMCID: PMC4643364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has been widely used to treat anemia in cancer patients, concerns about its adverse effects on patient survival have emerged. A lack of correlation between expression of the canonical EpoR and rhEpo's effects on cancer cells prompted us to consider the existence of an alternative Epo receptor. Here, we identified EphB4 as an Epo receptor that triggers downstream signaling via STAT3 and promotes rhEpo-induced tumor growth and progression. In human ovarian and breast cancer samples, expression of EphB4 rather than the canonical EpoR correlated with decreased disease-specific survival in rhEpo-treated patients. These results identify EphB4 as a critical mediator of erythropoietin-induced tumor progression and further provide clinically significant dimension to the biology of erythropoietin.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Erythropoietin/genetics
- Erythropoietin/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptor, EphB4/genetics
- Receptor, EphB4/metabolism
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Edna M Mora
- Department of Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Alpa M Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Department of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Kyunghee Noh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | | | | | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Chiyi Xiong
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kshipra Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Pablo Vivas-Mejia
- Department of Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Loren J Stagg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John E Ladbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S Neslihan Alpay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masato Nishimura
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Rebecca L Stone
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Peña
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Christopher Danes
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Blake Goodman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carola Kruger
- Molecular Neurology, Sygnis AG, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Shyon Haghpeykar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Padmavathi Jaladurgam
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana Urbauer
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77584, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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77
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Song G, Wu QP, Xu T, Liu YL, Xu ZG, Zhang SF, Guo ZY. Quick preparation of nanoluciferase-based tracers for novel bioluminescent receptor-binding assays of protein hormones: Using erythropoietin as a model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:311-6. [PMID: 26506452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) is a newly developed small luciferase reporter with the so far brightest bioluminescence. In recent studies, we developed NanoLuc as an ultrasensitive probe for novel bioluminescent receptor-binding assays of some protein/peptide hormones. In the present study, we proposed a simple method for quick preparation of the NanoLuc-based protein tracers using erythropoietin (Epo) as a model. Epo is a glycosylated cytokine that promotes erythropoiesis by binding and activating the cell membrane receptor EpoR. For quick preparation of a bioluminescent Epo tracer, an Epo-Luc fusion protein carrying a NanoLuc-6 × His-tag at the C-terminus was secretorily overexpressed in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T cells. The Epo-Luc fusion protein retained high-binding affinities with EpoR either overexpressed in HEK293T cells or endogenously expressed in mouse erythroleukemia cells, representing a novel ultrasensitive bioluminescent tracer for non-radioactive receptor-binding assays. Sufficient Epo-Luc tracer for thousands of assays could be quickly obtained within 2 days through simple transient transfection. Thus, our present work provided a simple method for quick preparation of novel NanoLuc-based bioluminescent tracers for Epo and some other protein hormones to facilitate their ligand-receptor interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Guang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Fu Zhang
- Proteomic and Molecular Enzymology Lab, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Guo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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78
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Interleukin-2 critically regulates bone marrow erythropoiesis and prevents anemia development. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3362-74. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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79
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Chen LN, Sun Q, Liu SQ, Hu H, Lv J, Ji WJ, Wang M, Chen MX, Zhou J. Erythropoietin improves glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell damage in experimental diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5391-8. [PMID: 26126591 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated erythropoietin (EPO) signaling in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Whether EPO can be used treat diabetes and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether EPO affects glucose metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms, in experimental diabetic rats. The effects of EPO (300 U/kg three times a week for 4 weeks) on glucose metabolism, hematopoietic function, blood selenium content and the ultrastructure of pancreatic β‑cells were investigated in low dose (25 mg/kg body weight) streptozotocin‑induced experimental diabetic rats provided with a high‑fat diet. The results demonstrated that EPO significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, the area under the curve of the oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests and L‑alanine gluconeogenesis. Ultrastructural examination of the pancreatic islets revealed that EPO prevented the dysfunction of pancreatic β‑cells in experimental diabetic rats, ameliorated cytoplasmic vacuolation and fragmentation of mitochondria, and increased the number of secretory granules. EPO administration increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. Additionally, EPO increased blood selenium in the diabetic rats and produced a hematopoietic effect. These results indicated that EPO modulated glucose metabolism and improved pancreatic β‑cells damage by increasing anti‑oxidation. The detailed mechanisms underlying these effects require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xia Chen
- Department of Electron Microscopy Room, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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80
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Walsh G. Hormones and Growth Factors Used Therapeutically. Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119117599.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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81
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Miller JL, Church TJ, Leonoudakis D, Lariosa-Willingham K, Frigon NL, Tettenborn CS, Spencer JR, Punnonen J. Discovery and Characterization of Nonpeptidyl Agonists of the Tissue-Protective Erythropoietin Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:357-67. [PMID: 26018904 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including the central nervous system. Local expression of both EPO and its receptor is upregulated upon injury or stress and plays a role in tissue homeostasis and cytoprotection. High-dose systemic administration or local injection of recombinant human EPO has demonstrated encouraging results in several models of tissue protection and organ injury, while poor tissue availability of the protein limits its efficacy. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of the nonpeptidyl compound STS-E412 (2-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethoxy]-5,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), which selectively activates the tissue-protective EPO receptor, comprising an EPO receptor subunit (EPOR) and the common β-chain (CD131). STS-E412 triggered EPO receptor phosphorylation in human neuronal cells. STS-E412 also increased phosphorylation of EPOR, CD131, and the EPO-associated signaling molecules JAK2 and AKT in HEK293 transfectants expressing EPOR and CD131. At low nanomolar concentrations, STS-E412 provided EPO-like cytoprotective effects in primary neuronal cells and renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. The receptor selectivity of STS-E412 was confirmed by a lack of phosphorylation of the EPOR/EPOR homodimer, lack of activity in off-target selectivity screening, and lack of functional effects in erythroleukemia cell line TF-1 and CD34(+) progenitor cells. Permeability through artificial membranes and Caco-2 cell monolayers in vitro and penetrance across the blood-brain barrier in vivo suggest potential for central nervous system availability of the compound. To our knowledge, STS-E412 is the first nonpeptidyl, selective activator of the tissue-protective EPOR/CD131 receptor. Further evaluation of the potential of STS-E412 in central nervous system diseases and organ protection is warranted.
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82
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Rjiba-Touati K, Ayed-Boussema I, Guedri Y, Achour A, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on mitomycin C-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rat kidney and heart tissues. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:53-62. [PMID: 25733728 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115577521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of several human malignancies. Nevertheless, the prolonged use of the drug may result in a serious heart and kidney injuries. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has recently been shown to exert an important cytoprotective effect in experimental brain injury and ischemic acute renal failure. The aim of the present work is to investigate the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of rhEPO against MMC-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity. Our results showed that MMC induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. rhEPO administration in any treatment conditions decreased oxidative damage induced by MMC. It reduced malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. rhEPO ameliorated reduced glutathione plus oxidized glutathione modulation and the increased catalase activity after MMC treatment. Furthermore, rhEPO restored DNA damage caused by MMC. We concluded that rhEPO administration especially in pretreatment condition protected rats against MMC-induced heart and renal oxidative stress and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rjiba-Touati
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - I Ayed-Boussema
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Y Guedri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Achour
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Bacha
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
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83
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Wiedenmann T, Ehrhardt S, Cerny D, Hildebrand D, Klein S, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Erythropoietin acts as an anti-inflammatory signal on murine mast cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:68-76. [PMID: 25645506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently it was found that the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is expressed on innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. We found that murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express the EpoR and that its expression is increased under hypoxic conditions. Interestingly, Epo stimulation of the cells did not activate signal transducer and activator of transcription molecules, nor did we find differences in the expression of typical STAT-dependent genes, the proliferation rate, and the ability to differentiate or to protect the cells from apoptosis. Instead, we demonstrate that stimulation of mast cells with Epo leads to phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit. We hypothesize that this is due to the formation of a receptor complex between the EpoR and c-kit. The common beta chain of the IL-3 receptor family, which was described as part of the tissue protective receptor (TPR) on other non-erythroid cells, however is not activated. To investigate whether the EpoR/c-kit complex has tissue protective properties, cells were treated with the Toll-like receptor ligand LPS. Combined Epo and LPS treatment downregulated the inflammatory response of the cells as detected by a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wiedenmann
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Ehrhardt
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Hildebrand
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Klein
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Germany.
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84
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Rölfing JHD, Baatrup A, Stiehler M, Jensen J, Lysdahl H, Bünger C. The osteogenic effect of erythropoietin on human mesenchymal stromal cells is dose-dependent and involves non-hematopoietic receptors and multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:69-78. [PMID: 24052411 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic growth factor. Of interest for skeletal tissue engineering, the non-hematopoietic capabilities of EPO include its osteogenic and angiogenic potencies. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response relationship and determine the lowest effective dose of EPO that reliably increases the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Additional aims were to elucidate the surface receptors and to investigate the role of the intracellular signaling pathways by blocking the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Jak-2 protein tyrosine kinase (JAK2), and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). The primary outcome measures were two mineralization assays, Arsenazo III and alizarin red, applied after 10, 14, and 21 days. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity, cell number, and cell viability were determined after 2 and 7 days. A proportional dose-response relationship was observed. In vivo, the lowest effective dose of 20 IU/ml should be used for further research to accommodate safety concerns about adverse effects. Ex vivo, the most effective dose of 100 IU/ml could facilitate vascularization and bone ingrowth in cell-based scaffolds. The expression of non-hematopoietic receptors EPOR and CD131 was documented, and EPO triggered all three examined intracellular pathways. Future studies of the efficacy of EPO in cell-based tissue engineering can benefit from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Duedal Rölfing
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 1A, 1.tv, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark,
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85
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Trécul A, Morceau F, Gaigneaux A, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Valproic acid regulates erythro-megakaryocytic differentiation through the modulation of transcription factors and microRNA regulatory micro-networks. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:299-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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86
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Nishimura K, Tokida M, Katsuyama H, Nakagawa H, Matsuo S. The effect of hemin-induced oxidative stress on erythropoietin production in HepG2 cells. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1321-9. [PMID: 24962609 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and iron are both indispensable hematopoietic factors and are often studied in humans and rodents. Iron activates prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and promotes the degradation of the α-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which regulates EPO production. Iron also causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to alterations in the levels of multiple factors that regulate HIF and EPO production. It is thought that iron influences EPO production by altering two pathways, namely PHDs activity and oxidative stress. We studied the differential effect of varying concentrations of hemin, an iron-containing porphyrin, on EPO production in HepG2 cells. Hemin at 100 µM reduced EPO mRNA expression. The hemin-induced reduction of EPO mRNA levels was attenuated at concentrations greater than 200 µM and EPO production increased in the presence of 500 µM hemin. In comparison, protoporphyrin IX, iron-free hemin did not influence EPO mRNA expression. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased with 300 µM hemin. Importantly, the antioxidant tempol inhibited the hemin-induced (500 µM) increase in EPO mRNA levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that restraint of EPO production by hemin was offset by the promotion of EPO production by hemin-induced oxidative stress at hemin concentrations greater than 300 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nishimura
- Laboratory of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Course of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ohrai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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87
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Shen W, Chung SH, Irhimeh MR, Li S, Lee SR, Gillies MC. Systemic administration of erythropoietin inhibits retinopathy in RCS rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104759. [PMID: 25119659 PMCID: PMC4132022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats develop vasculopathy as photoreceptors degenerate. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on retinopathy in RCS rats. Methods Fluorescein angiography was used to monitor retinal vascular changes over time. Changes in retinal glia and vasculature were studied by immunostaining. To study the effects of EPO on retinal pathology, EPO (5000 IU/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in 14 week old normal and RCS rats twice a week for 4 weeks. Changes in the retinal vasculature, glia and microglia, photoreceptor apoptosis, differential expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), pro-neurotrophin 3 (pro-NT3), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), the production of CD34+ cells and mobilization of CD34+/VEGF-R2+ cells as well as recruitment of CD34+ cells into the retina were examined after EPO treatment. Results RCS rats developed progressive capillary dropout and subretinal neovascularization which were accompanied by retinal gliosis. Systemic administration of EPO stabilized the retinal vasculature and inhibited the development of focal vascular lesions. Further studies showed that EPO modulated retinal gliosis, attenuated photoreceptor apoptosis and p75NTR and pro-NT3 upregulation, promoted the infiltration of ramified microglia and stimulated VEGF-A expression but had little effect on TNFα and PEDF expression. EPO stimulated the production of red and white blood cells and CD34+ cells along with effective mobilization of CD34+/VEGF-R2+ cells. Immunofluorescence study demonstrated that EPO enhanced the recruitment of CD34+ cells into the retina. Conclusions Our results suggest that EPO has therapeutic potentials in treatment of neuronal and vascular pathology in retinal disease. The protective effects of EPO on photoreceptors and the retinal vasculature may involve multiple mechanisms including regulation of retinal glia and microglia, inhibition of p75NTR-pro-NT3 signaling together with stimulation of production and mobilization of bone marrow derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Shen
- Save Sight Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sook H Chung
- Save Sight Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Shiying Li
- Save Sight Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - So-Ra Lee
- Save Sight Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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88
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Cheng AW, Shi J, Wong P, Luo KL, Trepman P, Wang ET, Choi H, Burge CB, Lodish HF. Muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1) regulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing during terminal erythropoiesis. Blood 2014; 124:598-610. [PMID: 24869935 PMCID: PMC4110662 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-542209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope and roles of regulated isoform gene expression during erythroid terminal development are poorly understood. We identified hundreds of differentiation-associated isoform changes during terminal erythropoiesis. Sequences surrounding cassette exons of skipped exon events are enriched for motifs bound by the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of splicing factors. Knockdown of Mbnl1 in cultured murine fetal liver erythroid progenitors resulted in a strong block in erythroid differentiation and disrupted the developmentally regulated exon skipping of Ndel1 mRNA, which is bound by MBNL1 and critical for erythroid terminal proliferation. These findings reveal an unanticipated scope of the alternative splicing program and the importance of Mbnl1 during erythroid terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Cheng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Computational and Systems Biology Program, and
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Piu Wong
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Katherine L Luo
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Paula Trepman
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Eric T Wang
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Heejo Choi
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and
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89
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Zhou S, Zhuang Y, Zhao W, Jiang B, Pan H, Zhang X, Peng H, Chen Y. Protective roles of erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins in chronic heart failure with anemia. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:863-870. [PMID: 25120615 PMCID: PMC4113650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is frequently treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins (ESPs). Previous studies, however, have been relatively short in duration and have not provided conclusive data on the safety or clinical efficacy of ESP treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and therapeutic effects of ESPs in patients with anemia and CHF. A systematic literature search in EMBASE and MEDLINE from their inception to July 2013 was performed, and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of ESPs among patients with CHF were identified. Randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of ESP treatment with those of placebo treatment or usual care regimes in anemic patients with CHF were included. Nine randomized, controlled trials were identified, comprising 750 patients with CHF and anemia receiving ESP treatment for between three months and one year. ESP treatment had a significantly lower risk of CHF hospitalization [relative risk (RR), 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.70; P=0.0002] and a moderate reduction in mortality risk (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.38–1.19; P=0.18). Treatment with ESPs in patients with symptomatic CHF and anemia resulted in significant improvements in hemoglobin, hematocrit and brain natriuretic peptide levels, as well as exercise capacity, renal function, New York Heart Association class and left ventricular ejection fraction. In conclusion, this study found that treatment with ESPs exerts beneficial effects against CHF and is not associated with a higher mortality rate or adverse effects. These outcomes support the instigation of a trial evaluating the treatment of anemia with ESPs in patients with chronic CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Zhuang
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Bojie Jiang
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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90
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Kaminski RM, Rogawski MA, Klitgaard H. The potential of antiseizure drugs and agents that act on novel molecular targets as antiepileptogenic treatments. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:385-400. [PMID: 24671870 PMCID: PMC3996125 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal of contemporary epilepsy research is the identification of therapies to prevent the development of recurrent seizures in individuals at risk, including those with brain injuries, infections, or neoplasms; status epilepticus; cortical dysplasias; or genetic epilepsy susceptibility. In this review we consider the evidence largely from preclinical models for the antiepileptogenic activity of a diverse range of potential therapies, including some marketed antiseizure drugs, as well as agents that act by immune and inflammatory mechanisms; reduction of oxidative stress; activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ pathways; effects on factors related to thrombolysis, hematopoesis, and angiogenesis; inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reducatase; brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling; and blockade of α2 adrenergic and cannabinoid receptors. Antiepileptogenesis refers to a therapy of which the beneficial action is to reduce seizure frequency or severity outlasting the treatment period. To date, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate that antiseizure drugs have such disease-modifying activity. However, studies in animal models with levetiracetam and ethosuximide are encouraging, and clinical trials with these agents are warranted. Other promising strategies are inhibition of interleukin 1β signaling by drugs such as VX-765; modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling by drugs such as fingolimod; activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin by drugs such as rapamycin; the hormone erythropoietin; and, paradoxically, drugs such as the α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole and the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant) with proexcitatory activity. These approaches could lead to a new paradigm in epilepsy drug therapy where treatment for a limited period prevents the occurrence of spontaneous seizures, thus avoiding lifelong commitment to symptomatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Rogawski
- />Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
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91
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Liu Y, Luo B, Han F, Li X, Xiong J, Jiang M, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Erythropoietin-derived nonerythropoietic peptide ameliorates experimental autoimmune neuritis by inflammation suppression and tissue protection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90942. [PMID: 24603865 PMCID: PMC3946253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an autoantigen-specific T-cell-mediated disease model for human demyelinating inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been known to promote EAN recovery but its haematopoiesis stimulating effects may limit its clinic application. Here we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of an EPO-derived nonerythropoietic peptide, ARA 290, in EAN. Exogenous ARA 290 intervention greatly improved EAN recovery, improved nerve regeneration and remyelination, and suppressed nerve inflammation. Furthermore, haematopoiesis was not induced by ARA 290 during EAN treatment. ARA 290 intervention suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and altered helper T cell differentiation by inducing increase of Foxp3+/CD4+ regulatory T cells and IL-4+/CD4+ Th2 cells and decrease of IFN-γ+/CD4+ Th1 cells in EAN. In addition, ARA 290 inhibited inflammatory macrophage activation and promoted its phagocytic activity. In vitro, ARA 290 was shown to promote Schwann cell proliferation and inhibit its inflammatory activation. In summary, our data demonstrated that ARA 290 could effectively suppress EAN by attenuating inflammation and exerting direct cell protection, indicating that ARA 290 could be a potent candidate for treatment of autoimmune neuropathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Erythropoietin/chemistry
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Neuropeptides/adverse effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Sciatic Nerve/drug effects
- Sciatic Nerve/immunology
- Sciatic Nerve/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyu Han
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Xioafeng Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (YW)
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (YW)
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92
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Mesgarpour B, Heidinger BH, Roth D, Schmitz S, Walsh CD, Herkner H. Safety of off-label erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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93
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Duedal Rölfing
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44, Building 1A, 1.tv DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark +45 7846 4133
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94
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Chen YC, Huang RL, Huang YK, Liao YP, Su PH, Wang HC, Chang CC, Lin YW, Yu MH, Chu TY, Lai HC. Methylomics analysis identifies epigenetically silenced genes and implies an activation of β-catenin signaling in cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 135:117-27. [PMID: 24310984 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using DNA methylation biomarkers in cancer detection is a potential direction in clinical testing. Some methylated genes have been proposed for cervical cancer detection; however, more reliable methylation markers are needed. To identify new hypermethylated genes in the discovery phase, we compared the methylome between a pool of DNA from normal cervical epithelium (n = 19) and a pool of DNA from cervical cancer tissues (n = 38) using a methylation bead array. We integrated the differentially methylated genes with public gene expression databases, which resulted in 91 candidate genes. Based on gene expression after demethylation treatment in cell lines, we confirmed 61 genes for further validation. In the validation phase, quantitative MSP and bisulfite pyrosequencing were used to examine their methylation level in an independent set of clinical samples. Fourteen genes, including ADRA1D, AJAP1, COL6A2, EDN3, EPO, HS3ST2, MAGI2, POU4F3, PTGDR, SOX8, SOX17, ST6GAL2, SYT9, and ZNF614, were significantly hypermethylated in CIN3+ lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of POU4F3 for detecting CIN3+ lesions were 0.88, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively. A bioinformatics function analysis revealed that AJAP1, EDN3, EPO, MAGI2, and SOX17 were potentially implicated in β-catenin signaling, suggesting the epigenetic dysregulation of this signaling pathway during cervical cancer development. The concurrent methylation of multiple genes in cancers and in subsets of precancerous lesions suggests the presence of a driver of methylation phenotype in cervical carcinogenesis. Further validation of these new genes as biomarkers for cervical cancer screening in a larger population-based study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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95
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Kaneko N, Kako E, Sawamoto K. Enhancement of ventricular-subventricular zone-derived neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis by erythropoietin and its derivatives. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:235. [PMID: 24348331 PMCID: PMC3842008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the postnatal mammalian brain, stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) continuously generate neuronal and glial cells throughout life. Genetic labeling of cells of specific lineages have demonstrated that the V-SVZ is an important source of the neuroblasts and/or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that migrate toward injured brain areas in response to several types of insult, including ischemia and demyelinating diseases. However, this spontaneous regeneration is insufficient for complete structural and functional restoration of the injured brain, so interventions to enhance these processes are sought for clinical applications. Erythropoietin (EPO), a clinically applied erythropoietic factor, is reported to have cytoprotective effects in various kinds of insult in the central nervous system. Moreover, recent studies suggest that EPO promotes the V-SVZ-derived neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. EPO increases the proliferation of progenitors in the V-SVZ and/or the migration and differentiation of their progenies in and around injured areas, depending on the dosage, timing, and duration of treatment, as well as the type of animal model used. On the other hand, EPO has undesirable side effects, including thrombotic complications. We recently demonstrated that a 2-week treatment with the EPO derivative asialo-EPO promotes the differentiation of V-SVZ-derived OPCs into myelin-forming mature oligodendrocytes in the injured white matter of neonatal mice without causing erythropoiesis. Here we present an overview of the multifaceted effects of EPO and its derivatives in the V-SVZ and discuss the possible applications of these molecules in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kako
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya, Japan ; Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya, Japan
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96
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Miljus N, Heibeck S, Jarrar M, Micke M, Ostrowski D, Ehrenreich H, Heinrich R. Erythropoietin-mediated protection of insect brain neurons involves JAK and STAT but not PI3K transduction pathways. Neuroscience 2013; 258:218-27. [PMID: 24269933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) initiates adaptive cellular responses to both moderate environmental challenges and tissue damaging insults in various non-hematopoietic mammalian tissues including the nervous system. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative functions of Epo in mammals are mediated through receptor-associated Janus kinase 2 and intracellular signaling cascades that modify the transcription of Epo-regulated genes. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) represent key components of two important Epo-induced transduction pathways. Our previous study on insects revealed neuroprotective and regenerative functions of recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) similar to those in mammalian nervous tissues. Here we demonstrate that rhEpo effectively rescues primary cultured locust brain neurons from apoptotic cell death induced by hypoxia or the chemical compound H-7. The Janus kinase inhibitor AG-490 and the STAT inhibitor sc-355797 abolished protective effects of rhEpo on locust brain neurons. In contrast, inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 had no effect on rhEpo-mediated neuroprotection. The results indicate that rhEpo mediates the protection of locust brain neurons through interference with apoptotic pathways by the activation of a Janus kinase-associated receptor and STAT transcription factor(s). The involvement of similar transduction pathways in mammals and insects for the mediation of neuroprotection and support of neural regeneration by Epo indicates that an Epo/Epo receptor-like signaling system with high structural and functional similarity exists in both groups of animals. Epo-like signaling involved in tissue protection appears to be an ancient beneficial function shared by vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miljus
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Heibeck
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Jarrar
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Micke
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Ostrowski
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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97
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Philips BJ, Lane K, Dixon J, MacPhee I. The effects of acute renal failure on drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 10:11-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.835802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kildey K, Flower RL, Tran TV, Tunningley R, Harris J, Dean MM. Characterization of ENU-induced Mutations in Red Blood Cell Structural Proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303012. [PMID: 24688720 PMCID: PMC3962129 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models with modified gene function as a result of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis have been used to study phenotypes resulting from genetic change. This study investigated genetic factors associated with red blood cell (RBC) physiology and structural integrity that may impact on blood component storage and transfusion outcome. Forward and reverse genetic approaches were employed with pedigrees of ENU-treated mice using a homozygous recessive breeding strategy. In a "forward genetic" approach, pedigree selection was based upon identification of an altered phenotype followed by exome sequencing to identify a causative mutation. In a second strategy, a "reverse genetic" approach based on selection of pedigrees with mutations in genes of interest was utilised and, following breeding to homozygosity, phenotype assessed. Thirty-three pedigrees were screened by the forward genetic approach. One pedigree demonstrated reticulocytosis, microcytic anaemia and thrombocytosis. Exome sequencing revealed a novel single nucleotide variation (SNV) in Ank1 encoding the RBC structural protein ankyrin-1 and the pedigree was designated Ank1(EX34). The reticulocytosis and microcytic anaemia observed in the Ank1(EX34) pedigree were similar to clinical features of hereditary spherocytosis in humans. For the reverse genetic approach three pedigrees with different point mutations in Spnb1 encoding RBC protein spectrin-1β, and one pedigree with a mutation in Epb4.1, encoding band 4.1 were selected for study. When bred to homozygosity two of the spectrin-1β pedigrees (a, b) demonstrated increased RBC count, haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT). The third Spnb1 mutation (spectrin-1β c) and mutation in Epb4.1 (band 4.1) did not significantly affect the haematological phenotype, despite these two mutations having a PolyPhen score predicting the mutation may be damaging. Exome sequencing allows rapid identification of causative mutations and development of databases of mutations predicted to be disruptive. These tools require further refinement but provide new approaches to the study of genetically defined changes that may impact on blood component storage and transfusion outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kildey
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia ; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia ; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thu V Tran
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Melinda M Dean
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
The search for potential drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases has been intense in the last two decades. Among many candidates, erythropoietin (EPO) was identified as a potent protectant of neurons suffering from various adverse conditions. A wide array of literature indicates that endogenous or exogenous recombinant human erythropoietin and its variants activate cell signaling that initiates survival-promoting events in neurons and neuronal cells. This chapter gives an overview of the pro-survival signaling induced by endogenous and exogenous erythropoietin in vitro and in vivo and provides methods to further investigate the intracellular signaling. It is important to know that EPO is neuroprotective, but it will greatly enhance our chances to establish EPO as a new drug candidate if we know how EPO protects neurons.The descriptions below summarize our current knowledge in non-neuronal and neuronal signaling pathways induced by EPO. The signaling pathways involved in EPO are multiple; some are well known whereas others are still under intense investigation and few are observed in very specific cell types. It is important to note that neuronal signaling events triggered by EPO are still incomplete and require further research. Therefore, excellent review articles that explore specific EPO-signaling events are referenced.
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Jez J, Castilho A, Grass J, Vorauer-Uhl K, Sterovsky T, Altmann F, Steinkellner H. Expression of functionally active sialylated human erythropoietin in plants. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:371-82. [PMID: 23325672 PMCID: PMC3601435 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a glycohormone, is one of the leading biopharmaceutical products. The production of rhEPO is currently restricted to mammalian cell expression systems because of rhEPO's highly complex glycosylation pattern, which is a major determinant for drug-efficacy. Here we evaluate the ability of plants to produce different glycoforms of rhEPO. cDNA constructs were delivered to Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) and transiently expressed by a viral based expression system. Expression levels up to 85 mg rhEPO/kg fresh leaf material were achieved. Moreover, co-expression of rhEPO with six mammalian genes required for in planta protein sialylation resulted in the synthesis of rhEPO decorated mainly with bisialylated N-glycans (NaNa), the most abundant glycoform of circulating hEPO in patients with anemia. A newly established peptide tag (ELDKWA) fused to hEPO was particularly well-suited for purification of the recombinant hormone based on immunoaffinity. Subsequent lectin chromatography allowed enrichment of exclusively sialylated rhEPO. All plant-derived glycoforms exhibited high biological activity as determined by a cell-based receptor-binding assay. The generation of rhEPO carrying largely homogeneous glycosylation profiles (GnGnXF, GnGn, and NaNa) will facilitate further investigation of functionalities with potential implications for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse, Vienna, Austria
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