51
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Gulati K, Prideaux M, Kogawa M, Lima-Marques L, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Losic D. Anodized 3D-printed titanium implants with dual micro- and nano-scale topography promote interaction with human osteoblasts and osteocyte-like cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3313-3325. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Luis Lima-Marques
- The Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - David M. Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
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52
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Ting M, Jefferies SR, Xia W, Engqvist H, Suzuki JB. Classification and Effects of Implant Surface Modification on the Bone: Human Cell-Based In Vitro Studies. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 43:58-83. [PMID: 27897464 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Implant surfaces are continuously being improved to achieve faster osseointegration and a stronger bone to implant interface. This review will present the various implant surfaces, the parameters for implant surface characterization, and the corresponding in vitro human cell-based studies determining the strength and quality of the bone-implant contact. These in vitro cell-based studies are the basis for animal and clinical studies and are the prelude to further reviews on how these surfaces would perform when subjected to the oral environment and functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- 1 Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Steven R Jefferies
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Wei Xia
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
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53
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Shahi RG, Albuquerque MTP, Münchow EA, Blanchard SB, Gregory RL, Bottino MC. Novel bioactive tetracycline-containing electrospun polymer fibers as a potential antibacterial dental implant coating. Odontology 2016; 105:354-363. [PMID: 27585669 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of tetracycline-containing fibers to inhibit biofilm formation of peri-implantitis-associated pathogens [i.e., Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)]. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was added to a poly(DL-lactide) [PLA], poly(ε-caprolactone) [PCL], and gelatin [GEL] polymer blend solution at distinct concentrations to obtain the following fibers: PLA:PCL/GEL (TCH-free, control), PLA:PCL/GEL + 5 % TCH, PLA:PCL/GEL + 10 % TCH, and PLA:PCL/GEL + 25 % TCH. The inhibitory effect of TCH-containing fibers on biofilm formation was assessed by colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Qualitative analysis of biofilm inhibition was done via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical significance was reported at p < 0.05. Complete inhibition of biofilm formation on the fibers was observed in groups containing TCH at 10 and 25 wt%. Fibers containing TCH at 5 wt% demonstrated complete inhibition of Aa biofilm. Even though a marked reduction in CFU/mL was observed with an increase in TCH concentration, Pi proved to be the most resilient microorganism. SEM images revealed the absence of or a notable decrease in bacterial biofilm on the TCH-containing nanofibers. Collectively, our data suggest that tetracycline-containing fibers hold great potential as an antibacterial dental implant coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Shahi
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M T P Albuquerque
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - E A Münchow
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - S B Blanchard
- Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - R L Gregory
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M C Bottino
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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54
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Lotz EM, Olivares-Navarrete R, Berner S, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Osteogenic response of human MSCs and osteoblasts to hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanostructured titanium implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3137-3148. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
| | | | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
- Department of Periodontics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78229
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55
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Bottino MC, Münchow EA, Albuquerque MTP, Kamocki K, Shahi R, Gregory RL, Chu TMG, Pankajakshan D. Tetracycline-incorporated polymer nanofibers as a potential dental implant surface modifier. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2085-2092. [PMID: 27405272 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial and osteogenic properties of titanium (Ti) disks superficially modified with tetracycline (TCH)-incorporated polymer nanofibers. The experiments were carried out in two phases. The first phase dealt with the synthesis and characterization (i.e., morphology, mechanical strength, drug release, antimicrobial activity, and cytocompatibility) of TCH-incorporated fibers. The second phase was dedicated to evaluating both the antimicrobial and murine-derived osteoprecursor cell (MC3T3-E1) response of Ti-modified with TCH-incorporated fibers. TCH was successfully incorporated into the submicron-sized and cytocompatible fibers. All TCH-incorporated mats presented significant antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. The antimicrobial potential of the TCH-incorporated fibers-modified Ti was influenced by both the TCH concentration and bacteria tested. At days 5 and 7, a significant increase in MC3T3-E1 cell number was observed for TCH-incorporated nanofibers-modified Ti disks when compared to that of TCH-free nanofibers-modified Ti-disks and bare Ti. A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the Ti disks modified with TCH-incorporated nanofiber on days 7 and 14 was seen, suggesting that the proposed surface promotes early osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, the data suggest that TCH-incorporated nanofibers could function as an antimicrobial surface modifier and osteogenic inducer for Ti dental implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2085-2092, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Bottino
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Eliseu A Münchow
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Maria T P Albuquerque
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Rana Shahi
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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56
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Cecchinato F, Atefyekta S, Wennerberg A, Andersson M, Jimbo R, Davies JR. Modulation of the nanometer pore size improves magnesium adsorption into mesoporous titania coatings and promotes bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in adhering osteoblasts. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e148-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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57
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Credi C, De Marco C, Molena E, Pla Roca M, Samitier Martí J, Marques J, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Levi M, Turri S. Heparin micropatterning onto fouling-release perfluoropolyether-based polymers via photobiotin activation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:250-9. [PMID: 27351136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for constructing versatile ordered biotin/avidin arrays on UV-curable perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) is presented. The goal is the realization of a versatile platform where any biotinylated biological ligands can be further linked to the underlying biotin/avidin array. To this end, microcontact arrayer and microcontact printing technologies were developed for photobiotin direct printing on PFPEs. As attested by fluorescence images, we demonstrate that this photoactive form of biotin is capable of grafting onto PFPEs surfaces during irradiation. Bioaffinity conjugation of the biotin/avidin system was subsequently exploited for further self-assembly avidin family proteins onto photobiotin arrays. The excellent fouling release PFPEs surface properties enable performing avidin assembly step simply by arrays incubation without PFPEs surface passivation or chemical modification to avoid unspecific biomolecule adsorption. Finally, as a proof of principle biotinylated heparin was successfully grafted onto photobiotin/avidin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Molena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mateu Pla Roca
- Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier Martí
- Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna, 11, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joana Marques
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinella Levi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Adverse Biological Effect of TiO₂ and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Used in Bone Repair and Replacement. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060798. [PMID: 27231896 PMCID: PMC4926332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse biological effect of nanoparticles is an unavoidable scientific problem because of their small size and high surface activity. In this review, we focus on nano-hydroxyapatite and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) to clarify the potential systemic toxicological effect and cytotoxic response of wear nanoparticles because they are attractive materials for bone implants and are widely investigated to promote the repair and reconstruction of bone. The wear nanoparticles would be prone to binding with proteins to form protein-particle complexes, to interacting with visible components in the blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, and to being phagocytosed by macrophages or fibroblasts to deposit in the local tissue, leading to the formation of fibrous local pseudocapsules. These particles would also be translocated to and disseminated into the main organs such as the lung, liver and spleen via blood circulation. The inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and signaling pathway are elaborated to analyze the potential toxicological mechanism. Inhibition of the oxidative stress response and signaling transduction may be a new therapeutic strategy for wear debris-mediated osteolysis. Developing biomimetic materials with better biocompatibility is our goal for orthopedic implants.
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59
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Zan X, Sitasuwan P, Feng S, Wang Q. Effect of Roughness on in Situ Biomineralized CaP-Collagen Coating on the Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1808-1817. [PMID: 26795271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of its outstanding osteo-conductive property, a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating has been used as an implant coating for bone tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the issues, such as harsh fabrication conditions, long-term stability and biocompatibility, and the requirement for expensive instruments, still exist in current coating techniques. To address these issues, the CaP coatings doped with collagen (CaP-Col) were in situ generated on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) by incubating PEMs in a mixture of the collagen, phosphate, and calcium ions. The resulting coatings have controllable physical properties (chemical composition, crystallinity, and roughness) and good stability before and after incubation with cell culture medium. We also found that both the cellular viability and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were closely related to the roughness of PEMs/CaP-Col, one of the easily ignored physical factors in current coating designs but very critical. The existed roughness window (between 18 ± 1.2 and 187 ± 7.3 nm) suitable for MSC proliferation on PEMs/CaP-Col coating and the optimal roughness (∼98 ± 3.5 nm) for MSC osteogenesis further demonstrated that the roughness was a critical factor for bone formation. Therefore, we envision that our exploration of the effects of surface roughness on MSC behaviors would provide better guidance for the future design of material coating and eventual medical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering , 16 Xinsan Rd Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Pongkwan Sitasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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60
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Greer AIM, Lim TS, Brydone AS, Gadegaard N. Mechanical compatibility of sol-gel annealing with titanium for orthopaedic prostheses. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:21. [PMID: 26691162 PMCID: PMC4686541 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sol-gel processing is an attractive method for large-scale surface coating due to its facile and inexpensive preparation, even with the inclusion of precision nanotopographies. These are desirable traits for metal orthopaedic prostheses where ceramic coatings are known to be osteoinductive and the effects may be amplified through nanotexturing. However there are a few concerns associated with the application of sol-gel technology to orthopaedics. Primarily, the annealing stage required to transform the sol-gel into a ceramic may compromise the physical integrity of the underlying metal. Secondly, loose particles on medical implants can be carcinogenic and cause inflammation so the coating needs to be strongly bonded to the implant. These concerns are addressed in this paper. Titanium, the dominant material for orthopaedics at present, is examined before and after sol-gel processing for changes in hardness and flexural modulus. Wear resistance, bending and pull tests are also performed to evaluate the ceramic coating. The findings suggest that sol-gel coatings will be compatible with titanium implants for an optimum temperature of 500 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I M Greer
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Teoh S Lim
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
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61
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Park SJ, Leesungbok R, Ahn SJ, Im BJ, Lee DY, Jee YJ, Yoon JH, Cui T, Lee SC, Lee SW. Effect of microgrooves and fibronectin conjugation on the osteoblast marker gene expression and differentiation. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:496-505. [PMID: 26816580 PMCID: PMC4722154 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of fibronectin (FN)-conjugated, microgrooved titanium (Ti) on osteoblast differentiation and gene expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Photolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and amine functionalization (silanization) was used to immobilize fibronectin on the titanium surfaces. Osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed by means of alkaline phosphatase activity assay, extracellular calcium deposition assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The conjugation of fibronectin on Ti significantly increased osteoblast differentiation in MSCs compared with non-conjugated Ti substrates. On the extracellular calcium deposition assays of MSCs at 21 days, an approximately two-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on the etched 60-µm-wide/10-µm-deep microgrooved surface with fibronectin (E60/10FN) compared with the same surface without fibronectin (E60/10), and a more than four-fold increase in calcium concentration was observed on E60/10FN compared with the non-etched control (NE0) and etched control (E0) surfaces. Through a series of analyses to determine the expression of osteoblast marker genes, a significant increase in all the marker genes except type I collagen α1 mRNA was seen with E60/10FN more than with any of the other groups, as compared with NE0. CONCLUSION The FN-conjugated, microgrooved Ti substrate can provide an effective surface to promote osteoblast differentiation and osteoblast marker gene expression in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Park
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jin Im
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yun Lee
- ED Dental Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Health Insurance Medical Center Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Place LW, Sekyi M, Taussig J, Kipper MJ. Two-Phase Electrospinning to Incorporate Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Growth Factors into Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:371-80. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Place
- School of Biomedical Engineering; 1370 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523-1370 USA
| | - Maria Sekyi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 1370 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523-1370 USA
| | - Julia Taussig
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 1370 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523-1370 USA
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering; 1370 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523-1370 USA
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63
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Increased Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response and Decreased Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion on Titania Nanotubes without Pharmaceuticals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:172898. [PMID: 26640782 PMCID: PMC4657074 DOI: 10.1155/2015/172898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) implants with enhanced biocompatibility and antibacterial property are highly desirable and characterized by improved success rates. In this study, titania nanotubes (TNTs) with various tube diameters were fabricated on Ti surfaces through electrochemical anodization at 10, 30, and 60 V (denoted as NT10, NT30, and NT60, resp.). Ti was also investigated and used as a control. NT10 with a diameter of 30 nm could promote the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) without noticeable differentiation. NT30 with a diameter of 100 nm could support the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs and induce osteogenesis. NT60 with a diameter of 200 nm demonstrated the best ability to promote cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation; however, it clearly impaired cell adhesion and proliferation. As the tube diameter increased, bacterial adhesion on the TNTs decreased and reached the lowest value on NT60. Therefore, NT30 without pharmaceuticals could be used to increase mesenchymal stem cell response and decrease Staphylococcus aureus adhesion and thus should be further studied for improving the efficacy of Ti-based orthopedic implants.
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64
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Lou W, Dong Y, Zhang H, Jin Y, Hu X, Ma J, Liu J, Wu G. Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum-Incorporated Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21070-86. [PMID: 26404255 PMCID: PMC4613242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been widely used in clinical applications for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the bioinertness of the surface of Ti has motivated researchers to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the implants through various surface modifications, such as coatings. For this purpose, we prepared a novel bioactive material, a lanthanum-incorporated hydroxyapatite (La-HA) coating, using a dip-coating technique with a La-HA sol along with post-heat treatment. The XRD, FTIR and EDX results presented in this paper confirmed that lanthanum was successfully incorporated into the structure of HA. The La-HA coating was composed of rod-like particles which densely compacted together without microcracks. The results of the interfacial shear strength test indicated that the incorporation of lanthanum increased the bonding strength of the HA coating. The mass loss ratios under acidic conditions (pH=5.5) suggested that the La-HA coatings have better acid resistance. The cytocompatibility of the La-HA coating was also revealed by the relative activity of alkaline phosphatase, cellular morphology and cell proliferation assay in vitro. The present study suggested that La-HA coated on Ti has promising potential for applications in the development of a new type of bioactive coating for metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yiwen Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yifan Jin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute MOVE, VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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Potential of inherent RGD containing silk fibroin–poly (Є-caprolactone) nanofibrous matrix for bone tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:525-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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66
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Prado RFD, de Oliveira FS, Nascimento RD, de Vasconcellos LMR, Carvalho YR, Cairo CAA. Osteoblast response to porous titanium and biomimetic surface: In vitro analysis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cecchinato F, Karlsson J, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Galli S, Wennerberg A, Zavan B, Andersson M, Jimbo R. Osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells on 3-dimensional mesoporous TiO2 coating with magnesium impregnation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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68
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Yang DZ, Chen AZ, Wang SB, Li Y, Tang XL, Wu YJ. Preparation of poly(L-lactic acid) nanofiber scaffolds with a rough surface by phase inversion using supercritical carbon dioxide. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/035015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Matteson JL, Greenspan DC, Tighe TB, Gilfoy N, Stapleton JJ. Assessing the hierarchical structure of titanium implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1083-90. [PMID: 26034005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The physical texture of implant surfaces are known to be one important factor in creating a stable bone-implant interface. Simple roughness parameters (for e.g., Sa or Sz) are not entirely adequate when characterizing surfaces possessing hierarchical structure (macro, micro, and nano scales). The aim of this study was to develop an analytical approach to quantify hierarchical surface structure of implant surfaces possessing nearly identical simple roughness. Titanium alloys with macro/micro texture (MM) and macro/micro/nano texture (MMN) were chosen as model surfaces to be evaluated. There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in either Sa (13.56 vs. 13.43 µm) or Sz (91.74 vs. 92.39 µm) for the MM and MMN surfaces, respectively. However, when advanced filtering algorithms were applied to these datasets, a statistical difference in roughness was found between MM (Sa = 0.54 µm) and MMN (Sa = 1.06 µm; p < 0.05). Additionally, a method was developed to specifically quantify the density of surface features appearing similar in geometry to natural osteoclastic pits. This analysis revealed a significantly greater numbers of these features (i.e., valleys) on the MMN surface as compared to the MM surface. Finally, atomic force microscopy showed a rougher nano-texture on the MMN surface compared with the MM surface (p < 0.05). The results support recent published studies that show a combination of appropriate micron and nano surface results in a more robust cellular response and increased osteoblast differentiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1083-1090, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Matteson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | | | - Timothy B Tighe
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | | | - Joshua J Stapleton
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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70
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Barati D, Walters JD, Shariati SRP, Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Effect of organic acids on calcium phosphate nucleation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on peptide functionalized nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5130-5140. [PMID: 25879768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylate-rich organic acids play an important role in controlling the growth of apatite crystals and the extent of mineralization in the natural bone. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of organic acids on calcium phosphate (CaP) nucleation on nanofiber microsheets functionalized with a glutamic acid peptide and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the CaP-nucleated microsheets. High molecular weight poly(dl-lactide) (DL-PLA) was mixed with low molecular weight L-PLA conjugated with Glu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Cys peptide, and the mixture was electrospun to generate aligned nanofiber microsheets. The nanofiber microsheets were incubated in a modified simulated body fluid (mSBF) supplemented with different organic acids for nucleation and growth of CaP crystals on the nanofibers. Organic acids included citric acid (CA), hydroxycitric acid (HCA), tartaric acid (TART), malic acid (MA), ascorbic acid (AsA), and salicylic acid (SalA). HCA microsheets had the highest CaP content at 240 ± 10% followed by TART and CA with 225 ± 8% and 225 ± 10%, respectively. The Ca/P ratio and percent crystallinity of the nucleated CaP in TART microsheets was closest to that of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The extent of CaP nucleation and growth on the nanofiber microsheets depended on the acidic strength and number of hydrogen-bonding hydroxyl groups of the organic acids. Compressive modulus and degradation of the CaP nucleated microsheets were related to percent crystallinity and CaP content. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs seeded on the microsheets and cultured in osteogenic medium increased only for those microsheets nucleated with CaP by incubation in CA or AsA-supplemented mSBF. Further, only CA microsheets stimulated bone nodule formation by the seeded hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Joshua D Walters
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Seyed Ramin Pajoum Shariati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Wang G, Moya S, Lu Z, Gregurec D, Zreiqat H. Enhancing orthopedic implant bioactivity: refining the nanotopography. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1327-41. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology open up new possibilities to produce biomimetic surfaces that resemble the cell in vivo growth environment at a nanoscale level. Nanotopographical changes of biomaterials surfaces can positively impact the bioactivity and ossointegration properties of orthopedic and dental implants. This review introduces nanofabrication techniques currently used or those with high potential for use as surface modification of biomedical implants. The interactions of nanotopography with water, proteins and cells are also discussed, as they largely determine the final success of the implants. Due to the well-documented effects of surface chemistry and microtopography on the bioactivity of the implant, we here elaborate on the ability of the nanofabrication techniques to combine the dual (multi) modification of surface chemistry and/or microtopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Wang
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Research Center for Human Tissues & Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - ZuFu Lu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Danijela Gregurec
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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72
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Zykova A, Safonov V, Yanovska A, Sukhodub L, Rogovskaya R, Smolik J, Yakovin S. Formation of Solution-derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Alloy in the Presence of Magnetron-sputtered Alumina Bond Coats. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:75-82. [PMID: 25893018 PMCID: PMC4391219 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) and calcium phosphate ceramic materials and coatings are widely used in medicine and dentistry because of their ability to enhance the tissue response to implant surfaces and promote bone ingrowth and osseoconduction processes. The deposition conditions have a great influence on the structure and biofunctionality of calcium phosphate coatings. Corrosion processes and poor adhesion to substrate material reduce the lifetime of implants with calcium phosphate coatings. The research has focused on the development of advanced methods to deposit double-layered ceramic oxide/calcium phosphate coatings by a hybrid technique of magnetron sputtering and thermal methods. The thermal method can promote the crystallization and the formation of HAp coatings on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V substrates at low temperature, based on the principle that the solubility of HAp in aqueous solutions decreases with increasing substrate temperature. By this method, hydroxyapatite directly coated the substrate without precipitation in the initial solution. Using a thermal substrate method, calcium phosphate coatings were prepared at substrate temperatures of 100-105 oC. The coated metallic implant surfaces with ceramic bond coats and calcium phosphate layers combine the excellent mechanical properties of metals with the chemical stability of ceramic materials. The corrosion test results show that the ceramic oxide (alumina) coatings and the double-layered alumina-calcium phosphate coatings improve the corrosion resistance compared with uncoated Ti6Al4V and single-layered Ti6Al4V/calcium phosphate substrates. In addition, the double-layered alumina/hydroxyapatite coatings demonstrate the best biocompatibility during in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zykova
- National Science Centre, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Safonov
- National Science Centre, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Anna Yanovska
- Institute of Applied Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sumy, Ukraine ; Sumy State University, Medical Institute, Ministry of Education and Science, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Sukhodub
- Sumy State University, Medical Institute, Ministry of Education and Science, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Renata Rogovskaya
- Institute for Sustainable Technologies, National Research Institute, Radom, Poland
| | - Jerzy Smolik
- Institute for Sustainable Technologies, National Research Institute, Radom, Poland
| | - Stas Yakovin
- Department of Physical Technologies, Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine
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73
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Bhattacharjee P, Kundu B, Naskar D, Maiti TK, Bhattacharya D, Kundu SC. Nanofibrous nonmulberry silk/PVA scaffold for osteoinduction and osseointegration. Biopolymers 2015; 103:271-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Promita Bhattacharjee
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Banani Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur 721302 India
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Wan W, Zhang S, Ge L, Li Q, Fang X, Yuan Q, Zhong W, Ouyang J, Xing M. Layer-by-layer paper-stacking nanofibrous membranes to deliver adipose-derived stem cells for bone regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1273-90. [PMID: 25709448 PMCID: PMC4334347 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering through seeding of stem cells in three-dimensional scaffolds has greatly improved bone regeneration technology, which historically has been a constant challenge. In this study, we researched the use of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-laden layer-by-layer paper-stacking polycaprolactone/gelatin electrospinning nanofibrous membranes for bone regeneration. Using this novel paper-stacking method makes oxygen distribution, nutrition, and waste transportation work more efficiently. ADSCs can also secrete multiple growth factors required for osteogenesis. After the characterization of ADSC surface markers CD29, CD90, and CD49d using flow cytometry, we seeded ADSCs on the membranes and found cells differentiated, with significant expression of the osteogenic-related proteins osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin. During 4 weeks in vitro, the ADSCs cultured on the paper-stacking membranes in the osteogenic medium exhibited the highest osteogenic-related gene expressions. In vivo, the paper-stacking scaffolds were implanted into the rat calvarial defects (5 mm diameter, one defect per parietal bone) for 12 weeks. Investigating with microcomputer tomography, the ADSC-laden paper-stacking membranes showed the most significant bone reconstruction, and from a morphological perspective, this group occupied 90% of the surface area of the defect, produced the highest bone regeneration volume, and showed the highest bone mineral density of 823.06 mg/cm(3). From hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, the new bone tissue was most evident in the ADSC-laden scaffold group. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis from collected tissues, we found that the ADSC-laden paper-stacking membrane group presented the highest osteogenic-related gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, bone sialoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osterix (two to three times higher than the control group, and 1.5 times higher than the paper-stacking membrane group in all the genes). It is proposed that ADSC-laden layer-by-layer paper-stacking scaffolds could be used as a way of promoting bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Wan
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Textile Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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75
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Cellular responses evoked by different surface characteristics of intraosseous titanium implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:171945. [PMID: 25767803 PMCID: PMC4341860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/171945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The properties of biomaterials, including their surface microstructural topography and their surface chemistry or surface energy/wettability, affect cellular responses such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The nanotopography of moderately rough implant surfaces enhances the production of biological mediators in the peri-implant microenvironment with consequent recruitment of differentiating osteogenic cells to the implant surface and stimulates osteogenic maturation. Implant surfaces with moderately rough topography and with high surface energy promote osteogenesis, increase the ratio of bone-to-implant contact, and increase the bonding strength of the bone to the implant at the interface. Certain features of implant surface chemistry are also important in enhancing peri-implant bone wound healing. It is the purpose of this paper to review some of the more important features of titanium implant surfaces which have an impact on osseointegration.
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76
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Kopf BS, Ruch S, Berner S, Spencer ND, Maniura-Weber K. The role of nanostructures and hydrophilicity in osseointegration:In-vitroprotein-adsorption and blood-interaction studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2661-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte S. Kopf
- Department Materials meet Life; Laboratory for Materials Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Ruch
- Institut Straumann AG; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Materials; Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Department of Materials; Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Department Materials meet Life; Laboratory for Materials Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; St. Gallen Switzerland
- Department Materials meet Life; Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; St. Gallen Switzerland
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Rosa AL, Kato RB, Castro Raucci LMS, Teixeira LN, de Oliveira FS, Bellesini LS, de Oliveira PT, Hassan MQ, Beloti MM. Nanotopography drives stem cell fate toward osteoblast differentiation through α1β1 integrin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:540-8. [PMID: 24122940 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the osteoinductive potential of a titanium (Ti) surface with nanotopography, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanism involved in this phenomenon. Polished Ti discs were chemically treated with H2 SO4 /H2 O2 to yield nanotopography and rat MSCs were cultured under osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions on both nanotopography and untreated polished (control) Ti surfaces. The nanotopography increased cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) activity and upregulated the gene expression of key bone markers of cells grown under both osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions. Additionally, the gene expression of α1 and β1 integrins was higher in cells grown on Ti with nanotopography under non-osteogeneic condition compared with control Ti surface. The higher gene expression of bone markers and Alp activity induced by Ti with nanotopography was reduced by obtustatin, an α1β1 integrin inhibitor. These results indicate that α1β1 integrin signaling pathway determines the osteoinductive effect of nanotopography on MSCs. This finding highlights a novel mechanism involved in nanosurface-mediated MSCs fate and may contribute to the development of new surface modifications aiming to accelerate and/or enhance the process of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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78
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Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells. Bone Res 2014; 2:14017. [PMID: 26273526 PMCID: PMC4472121 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. Three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review: nanostructured calcium phosphate cement (CPC); nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. The interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen: (i) nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; (ii) the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; (iii) nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; (iv) combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and (v) cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. These understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.
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79
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Kato RB, Roy B, De Oliveira FS, Ferraz EP, De Oliveira PT, Kemper AG, Hassan MQ, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Nanotopography directs mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast lineage through regulation of microRNA-SMAD-BMP-2 circuit. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1690-6. [PMID: 24619927 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if chemically produced nanotopography on titanium (Ti) surface induces osteoblast differentiation of cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRs). It was demonstrated that Ti with nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs as evidenced by upregulation of osteoblast specific markers compared with untreated (control) Ti at day 4. At this time-point, miR-sequencing analysis revealed that 20 miRs were upregulated (>twofold) while 20 miRs were downregulated (>threefold) in hMSCs grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti. Three miRs, namely miR-4448, -4708, and -4773, which were significantly downregulated (>fivefold) by Ti with nanotopography affect osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. These miRs directly target SMAD1 and SMAD4, both key transducers of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) osteogenic signal, which were upregulated by Ti with nanotopography. Overexpression of miR-4448, -4708, and 4773 in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts noticeably inhibited gene and protein expression of SMAD1 and SMAD4 and therefore repressed the gene expression of key bone markers. Additionally, it was observed that the treatment with BMP-2 displayed a higher osteogenic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti, suggesting that the BMP-2 signaling pathway was more effective on this surface. Taken together, these results indicate that a complex regulatory network involving a miR-SMAD-BMP-2 circuit governs the osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti with nanotopography. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1690-1696, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio B Kato
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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80
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Kutty MG, De A, Bhaduri SB, Yaghoubi A. Microwave-assisted fabrication of titanium implants with controlled surface topography for rapid bone healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13587-93. [PMID: 25095907 DOI: 10.1021/am502967n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Morphological surface modifications have been reported to enhance the performance of biomedical implants. However, current methods of introducing graded porosity involves postprocessing techniques that lead to formation of microcracks, delamination, loss of fatigue strength, and, overall, poor mechanical properties. To address these issues, we developed a microwave sintering procedure whereby pure titanium powder can be readily densified into implants with graded porosity in a single step. Using this approach, surface topography of implants can be closely controlled to have a distinctive combination of surface area, pore size, and surface roughness. In this study, the effect of various surface topographies on in vitro response of neonatal rat calvarial osteoblast in terms of attachment and proliferation is studied. Certain graded surfaces nearly double the chance of cell viability in early stages (∼one month) and are therefore expected to improve the rate of healing. On the other hand, while the osteoblast morphology significantly differs in each sample at different periods, there is no straightforward correlation between early proliferation and quantitative surface parameters such as average roughness or surface area. This indicates that the nature of cell-surface interactions likely depends on other factors, including spatial parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralithran G Kutty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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81
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Grigorescu S, Pruna V, Titorencu I, Jinga VV, Mazare A, Schmuki P, Demetrescu I. The two step nanotube formation on TiZr as scaffolds for cell growth. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 98:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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82
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Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Implant osseointegration and the role of microroughness and nanostructures: lessons for spine implants. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3363-71. [PMID: 24721613 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of spinal implants for spine fusion has been steadily increasing to avoid the risks of complications and donor site morbidity involved when using autologous bone. A variety of fusion cages are clinically available, with different shapes and chemical compositions. However, detailed information about their surface properties and the effects of such properties on osteogenesis is lacking in the literature. Here we evaluate the role of surface properties for spinal implant applications, covering some of the key biological processes that occur around an implant and focusing on the role of surface properties, specifically the surface structure, on osseointegration, drawing examples from other implantology fields when required. Our findings revealed that surface properties such as microroughness and nanostructures can directly affect early cell behavior and long-term osseointegration. Microroughness has been well established in the literature to have a beneficial effect on osseointegration of implants. In the case of the role of nanostructures, the number of reports is increasing and most studies reveal a positive effect from the nanostructures alone and a synergistic effect when combined with microrough surfaces. Long-term clinical results are nevertheless necessary to establish the full implications of surface nanomodifications.
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83
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Zhang J, Barbieri D, ten Hoopen H, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H. Microporous calcium phosphate ceramics driving osteogenesis through surface architecture. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1188-99. [PMID: 25044678 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of micropores in calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics has shown its important role in initiating inductive bone formation in ectopic sites. To investigate how microporous CaP ceramics trigger osteoinduction, we optimized two biphasic CaP ceramics (i.e., BCP-R and BCP-S) to have the same chemical composition, equivalent surface area per volume, comparable protein adsorption, similar ion (i.e., calcium and phosphate) exchange and the same surface mineralization potential, but different surface architecture. In particular, BCP-R had a surface roughness (Ra) of 325.4 ± 58.9 nm while for BCP-S it was 231.6 ± 35.7 nm. Ceramic blocks with crossing or noncrossing channels of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 µm were implanted in paraspinal muscle of dogs for 12 weeks. The percentage of bone volume in the channels was not affected by the type of pores (i.e., crossing vs. closed) or their size, but it was greatly influenced by the ceramic type (i.e., BCP-R vs. BCP-S). Significantly, more bone was formed in the channels of BCP-R than in those of BCP-S. Since the two CaP ceramics differed only in their surface architecture, the results hereby demonstrate that microporous CaP ceramics may induce ectopic osteogenesis through surface architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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84
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Alghamdi HS, Bosco R, Both SK, Iafisco M, Leeuwenburgh SC, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJ. Synergistic effects of bisphosphonate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on peri-implant bone responses in osteoporotic rats. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5482-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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85
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Leszczak V, Place LW, Franz N, Popat KC, Kipper MJ. Nanostructured biomaterials from electrospun demineralized bone matrix: a survey of processing and crosslinking strategies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9328-9337. [PMID: 24865253 DOI: 10.1021/am501700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering biochemical function and nanoscale features are of particular interest. Natural polymers provide a wealth of biochemical function, but do not have the processability of synthetic polymers, limiting their ability to mimic the hierarchy of structures in the natural extracellular matrix. Thus, they are often combined with synthetic carrier polymers to enable processing. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM), a natural polymer, is allograft bone with inorganic material removed. DBM contains the protein components of bone, which includes adhesion ligands and osteoinductive signals, such as important growth factors. Herein we describe a novel method for tuning the nanostructure of DBM through electrospinning without the use of a carrier polymer. This work surveys solvents and solvent blends for electrospinning DBM. Blends of hexafluoroisopropanol and trifluoroacetic acid are studied in detail. The effects of DBM concentration and dissolution time on solution viscosity are also reported and correlated to observed differences in electrospun fiber morphology. We also present a survey of techniques to stabilize the resultant fibers with respect to aqueous environments. Glutaraldehyde vapor treatment is successful at maintaining both macroscopic and microscopic structure of the electrospun DBM fibers. Finally, we report results from tensile testing of stabilized DBM nanofiber mats, and preliminary evaluation of their cytocompatibility. The DBM nanofiber mats exhibit good cytocompatibility toward human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) in a 4-day culture; neither the electrospun solvents nor the cross-linking results in any measurable residual cytotoxicity toward HDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Leszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Biology, and ⊥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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86
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Pham VH. Improving osseointegration of Co-Cr by nanostructured titanium coatings. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:197. [PMID: 24809001 PMCID: PMC4012034 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the deposition of nanostructured Ti films on Co-Cr substrates to improve their surface characteristics and biocompatibility. The microstructure of the Ti films was controlled by application of negative substrate bias voltages. The surface roughness of Co-Cr implants was increased significantly after Ti coatings. The nanostructured Ti films are found to improve osteointergration of Co-Cr implants as indicated by enhancing cellular attachment, proliferation and differentiation, which was attributed mainly to the application of a biocompatible Ti coating, possessed a higher surface area for cell attachments and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong-Hung Pham
- Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), No 01, Dai Co Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
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87
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Xing H, Komasa S, Taguchi Y, Sekino T, Okazaki J. Osteogenic activity of titanium surfaces with nanonetwork structures. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1741-55. [PMID: 24741311 PMCID: PMC3983010 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium surfaces play an important role in affecting osseointegration of dental implants. Previous studies have shown that the titania nanotube promotes osseointegration by enhancing osteogenic differentiation. Only relatively recently have the effects of titanium surfaces with other nanostructures on osteogenic differentiation been investigated. Methods In this study, we used NaOH solutions with concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 M to develop a simple and useful titanium surface modification that introduces the nanonetwork structures with titania nanosheet (TNS) nanofeatures to the surface of titanium disks. The effects of such a modified nanonetwork structure, with different alkaline concentrations on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), were evaluated. Results The nanonetwork structures with TNS nanofeatures induced by alkali etching markedly enhanced BMMSC functions of cell adhesion and osteogenesis-related gene expression, and other cell behaviors such as proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix deposition, and mineralization were also significantly increased. These effects were most pronounced when the concentration of NaOH was 10.0 M. Conclusion The results suggest that nanonetwork structures with TNS nanofeatures improved BMMSC proliferation and induced BMMSC osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the surfaces formed with 10.0 M NaOH suggest the potential to improve the clinical performance of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Xing
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China ; Graduate School of Dentistry (Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion), Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Taguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Sekino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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88
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Laranjeira MS, Carvalho Â, Pelaez-Vargas A, Hansford D, Ferraz MP, Coimbra S, Costa E, Santos-Silva A, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ. Modulation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cell and human gingival fibroblast behavior by micropatterned silica coating surfaces for zirconia dental implant applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2014; 15:025001. [PMID: 27877662 PMCID: PMC5090413 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/2/025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental ceramic implants have shown superior esthetic behavior and the absence of induced allergic disorders when compared to titanium implants. Zirconia may become a potential candidate to be used as an alternative to titanium dental implants if surface modifications are introduced. In this work, bioactive micropatterned silica coatings were produced on zirconia substrates, using a combined methodology of sol-gel processing and soft lithography. The aim of the work was to compare the in vitro behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) on three types of silica-coated zirconia surfaces: flat and micropatterned (with pillars and with parallel grooves). Our results showed that cells had a higher metabolic activity (HGF, HDMEC) and increased gene expression levels of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) and collagen type I (COL I) on surfaces with pillars. Nevertheless, parallel grooved surfaces were able to guide cell growth. Even capillary tube-like networks of HDMEC were oriented according to the surface geometry. Zirconia and silica with different topographies have shown to be blood compatible and silica coating reduced bacteria adhesion. All together, the results indicated that microstructured bioactive coating seems to be an efficient strategy to improve soft tissue integration on zirconia implants, protecting implants from peri-implant inflammation and improving long-term implant stabilization. This new approach of micropatterned silica coating on zirconia substrates can generate promising novel dental implants, with surfaces that provide physical cues to guide cells and enhance their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Laranjeira
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carvalho
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Derek Hansford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Pia Ferraz
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory CEBIMED—Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CESPU—Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Serviço de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Serviço de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- INEB—Instituto Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, DEMM, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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89
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Thomas NP, Tran N, Tran PA, Walters JL, Jarrell JD, Hayda RA, Born CT. Characterization and bioactive properties of zirconia based polymeric hybrid for orthopedic applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:347-354. [PMID: 24243225 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia is a transition metal oxide with current applications to orthopedic implants. It has been shown to up-regulate specific genes involved in bio-integration and injury repair. This study examines the effects of zirconia and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrids on the proliferation and viability of human primary osteoblast and fibroblast cells. In this study, zirconia-PDMS hybrid coatings were synthesized using a modified sol gel process. The hybrid material was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. This study demonstrates that Zr-PMDS surface materials display hydrophobic surface properties coupled with a preferential deposition of polymer near the surface. Primary osteoblast and fibroblast proliferation and viability on hybrid coated surfaces were evaluated via a rapid screening methodology using WST-1 and calcein AM assays. The cells were seed at 5,000 cells per well in 96-well plates coated with various composition of Zr-PDMS hybrids. The results showed increasing cell proliferation with increasing zirconia concentration, which peaked at 90 % v/v zirconia. Proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts displayed similar trends on the hybrid material, although osteoblasts displayed a bi-phasic dose response by the calcein AM assay. The results of this current study show that Zr-PDMS may be used to influence tissue-implant integration, supporting the use of the hybrid as a promising coating for orthopedic trauma implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Thomas
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Suite 200, 2 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
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90
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Ito H, Sasaki H, Saito K, Honma S, Yajima Y, Yoshinari M. Response of osteoblast-like cells to zirconia with different surface topography. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:122-9. [PMID: 23370880 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of surface topography on osteoblast-like cell behavior on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP). Mirror-polished; blasted with 50- or 150-µm alumina (SB50 and SB150); and SB150 acid-etched with hydrofluoric acid (SB150E) were prepared on TZP. Initial attachment, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 were evaluated. The scanning electron microscopy and Sdr (developed interfacial area ratio) values indicated that both micro- and nano-topographies produced on the SB150E surfaces. Although no clear differences were observed in initial cell attachment among specimens, the proliferation rate and expression of ALP activity on the SB150E specimens was significantly higher than that on the other specimens. These results indicate that the creation of micro- and nano-topographies on TZP by surface treatment offers a promising method of enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Division of Oral Implants Research, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan
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91
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Elias CN, Meirelles L. Improving osseointegration of dental implants. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 7:241-56. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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92
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Bourke JL, Coleman HA, Pham V, Forsythe JS, Parkington HC. Neuronal electrophysiological function and control of neurite outgrowth on electrospun polymer nanofibers are cell type dependent. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:1089-95. [PMID: 24147808 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of cellular environments with nanofabricated biomaterial scaffolds has the potential to improve the growth and functional development of cultured cellular models, as well as assist in tissue engineering efforts. An understanding of how such substrates may alter cellular function is critical. Highly plastic central nervous system hippocampal cells and non-network forming peripheral nervous system dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells from embryonic rats were cultured upon laminin-coated degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and nondegradable polystyrene (PS) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with fiber diameters similar to those of neuronal processes. The two cell types displayed intrinsically different growth patterns on the nanofibrous scaffolds. Hippocampal neurites grew both parallel and perpendicular to the nanofibers, a property that would increase neurite-to-neurite contacts and maximize potential synapse development, essential for extensive network formation in a highly plastic cell type. In contrast, non-network-forming DRG neurons grew neurites exclusively along fibers, recapitulating the simple direct unbranching pathway between sensory ending and synapse in the spinal cord that occurs in vivo. In addition, the two primary neuronal types showed different functional capacities under patch clamp testing. The substrate composition did not alter the neuronal functional development, supporting electrospun PCL and PS as candidate materials for controlled cellular environments in culture and electrospun PCL for directed neurite outgrowth in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Bourke
- 1 Department of Physiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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93
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Effects of Hierarchical Micro/Nano-Textured Titanium Surface Features on Osteoblast-Specific Gene Expression. IMPLANT DENT 2013; 22:656-61. [DOI: 10.1097/01.id.0000434273.22605.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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94
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Mantripragada VP, Lecka-Czernik B, Ebraheim NA, Jayasuriya AC. An overview of recent advances in designing orthopedic and craniofacial implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3349-64. [PMID: 23766134 PMCID: PMC4854641 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Great deal of research is still going on in the field of orthopedic and craniofacial implant development to resolve various issues being faced by the industry today. Despite several disadvantages of the metallic implants, they continue to be used, primarily because of their superior mechanical properties. In order to minimize the harmful effects of the metallic implants and its by-products, several modifications are being made to these materials, for instance nickel-free stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys are being introduced to eliminate the toxic effects of nickel being released from the alloys, introduce metallic implants with lower modulus, reduce the cost of these alloys by replacing rare elements with less expensive elements etc. New alloys like tantalum, niobium, zirconium, and magnesium are receiving attention given their satisfying mechanical and biological properties. Non-oxide ceramics like silicon nitride and silicon carbide are being currently developed as a promising implant material possessing a combination of properties such as good wear and corrosion resistance, increased ductility, good fracture and creep resistance, and relatively high hardness in comparison to alumina. Polymer/magnesium composites are being developed to improve mechanical properties as well as retain polymer's property of degradation. Recent advances in orthobiologics are proving interesting as well. This paper thus deals with the latest improvements being made to the existing implant materials and includes new materials being introduced in the field of biomaterials.
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95
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Rodríguez-Valencia C, Pereiro I, Pirraco RP, López-Álvarez M, Serra J, González P, Marques AP, Reis RL. Human mesenchymal stem cells response to multi-doped silicon-strontium calcium phosphate coatings. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1397-407. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213510056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for apatitic calcium phosphate coatings to improve implants osteointegration is, nowadays, preferentially focused in the obtaining of compositions closer to that of the inorganic phase of bone. Silicon and strontium are both present in trace concentrations in natural bone and have been demonstrated, by separate, to significantly improve osteoblastic response on calcium phosphate bioceramics. This work aims the controlled and simultaneous multi-doping of carbonated calcium phosphate coatings with both elements, Si and Sr, by pulsed laser deposition technique and the biological response of human mesenchymal stem cells to them. A complete physicochemical characterization has been also performed to analyze the coatings and significant positive effect was obtained at the osteogenic differentiation of cells, confirming the enormous potential of this multi-doping coating approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme Rodríguez-Valencia
- New Materials Group, Applied Physics Dpt., Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Iago Pereiro
- New Materials Group, Applied Physics Dpt., Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Rogelio P Pirraco
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Laboratório Associado, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miriam López-Álvarez
- New Materials Group, Applied Physics Dpt., Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Julia Serra
- New Materials Group, Applied Physics Dpt., Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Pío González
- New Materials Group, Applied Physics Dpt., Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Laboratório Associado, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Laboratório Associado, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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96
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Yang X, Wang D, Liang Y, Yin H, Zhang S, Jiang T, Wang Y, Zhou Y. A new implant with solid core and porous surface: The biocompatability with bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2395-407. [PMID: 23946191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Dihua Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Youde Liang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Huayi Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Wang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
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97
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Sawada R, Kono K, Isama K, Haishima Y, Matsuoka A. Calcium‐incorporated titanium surfaces influence the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2573-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Sawada
- Division of Medical DevicesNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Kono
- Division of Medical DevicesNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo Isama
- Division of Environmental ChemistryNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Haishima
- Division of Medical DevicesNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuko Matsuoka
- Division of Medical DevicesNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
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98
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Wennerberg A, Jimbo R, Stübinger S, Obrecht M, Dard M, Berner S. Nanostructures and hydrophilicity influence osseointegration: a biomechanical study in the rabbit tibia. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:1041-50. [PMID: 23782316 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implant surface properties have long been identified as an important factor to promote osseointegration. The importance of nanostructures and hydrophilicity has recently been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate how nanostructures and wettability influence osseointegration and to identify whether the wettability, the nanostructure or both in combination play the key role in improved osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six adult rabbits each received two Ti grade 4 discs in each tibia. Four different types of surface modifications with different wettability and nanostructures were prepared: hydrophobic without nanostructures (SLA), with nanostructures (SLAnano); hydrophilic with two different nanostructure densities (low density: pmodSLA, high density: SLActive). All four groups were intended to have similar chemistry and microroughness. The surfaces were evaluated with contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and interferometry. After 4 and 8 weeks healing time, pull-out tests were performed. RESULTS SLA and SLAnano were hydrophobic, whereas SLActive and pmodSLA were super-hydrophilic. No nanostructures were present on the SLA surface, but the three other surface modifications clearly showed the presence of nanostructures, although more sparsely distributed on pmodSLA. The hydrophobic samples showed higher carbon contamination levels compared with the hydrophilic samples. After 4 weeks healing time, SLActive implants showed the highest pull-out values, with significantly higher pull-out force than SLA and SLAnano. After 8 weeks, the SLActive implants had the highest pull-out force, significantly higher than SLAnano and SLA. CONCLUSIONS The strongest bone response was achieved with a combination of wettability and the presence of nanostructures (SLActive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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99
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Zuo J, Huang X, Zhong X, Zhu B, Sun Q, Jin C, Quan H, Tang Z, Chen W. A comparative study of the influence of three pure titanium plates with different micro- and nanotopographic surfaces on preosteoblast behaviors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3278-84. [PMID: 23625827 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a great demand for dental implants with the ability to accelerate periimplant bone regeneration. Modification of surface micro- and nanotopographies has been revealed to affect bone cell metabolism. In this study, we utilized dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technology to modify commercially pure titanium (Ti-tr) surfaces and then investigated the cytocompability of DBD-modified Ti surface when compared with machined (Ti-m) and polished (Ti-p) Ti surfaces. These three kinds of Ti plates exhibited different surface energies and topographies at the micro- and nanoscale levels. The DBD-treated pure Ti surface significantly enhances cell adhesion, spread, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells compared with the Ti-p and Ti-m surfaces, suggesting that Ti-tr has better cytocompatibility compared with the other two surfaces. Preosteoblast cells on Ti-m surface exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase activity than cells on Ti-tr and Ti-p surfaces 14 days after seeding. No significant difference in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed between cells grown on Ti-tr and Ti-p surfaces. Our study demonstrated that DBD modification significantly enhanced cell adhesion, spread, and proliferation of preosteoblasts with no negative effects on cell differentiation. Microtopography and nanotopography of the surfaces of different materials and chemical/energetic properties have a synergistic effect on cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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100
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Sista S, Nouri A, Li Y, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium-zirconium alloy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3416-30. [PMID: 23559548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Sista
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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