51
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Li C, Wang B, Zhou L, Hou X, Su S. Effects of lignin-based flame retardants on flame-retardancy and insulation performances of epoxy resin composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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52
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Abstract
Lignin, a rigid polymer composed of phenolic subunits with high molecular weight and complex structure, ranks behind only cellulose in the contribution to the biomass of plants. Therefore, lignin can be used as a new environmentally friendly resource for the industrial production of a variety of polymers, dyes and adhesives. Since laccase was found to be able to degrade lignin, increasing attention had been paid to the valorization of lignin. Research has mainly focused on the identification of lignin-degrading enzymes, which play a key role in lignin biodegradation, and the potential application of lignin degradation products. In this review, we describe the source, catalytic specificity and enzyme reaction mechanism of the four classes of the lignin-degrading enzymes so far discovered. In addition, the major pathways of lignin biodegradation and the applications of the degradative products are also discussed. Lignin-degrading bacteria or enzymes can be used in combination with chemical pretreatment for the production of value-added chemicals from lignin, providing a promising strategy for lignin valorization.
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53
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Sun H, Xu Q, Ren M, Wang S, Kong F. Recent Studies on the Preparation and Application of Ionic Amphiphilic Lignin: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8871-8891. [PMID: 35848582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, lignin has received considerable attention recently due to its reproducibility, safety, and biodegradability. Studies are now focusing on the development of new lignin applications to replace petroleum-based chemicals. Unfortunately, lignin has several inherent problems, such as poor water solubility and a tendency to agglomerate. However, after chemical modification, lignin can gain new functions through the introduction of new functional groups. For example, amphiphilic lignin is a polymer that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. Amphiphilic lignin polymers can be divided into anionic, cationic, and anionic-cationic amphoteric lignin-based polymers, according to the ions contained in their molecular structure. Amphiphilic lignin polymers also have a wide range of applications in various industrial fields and can be used as wetting agents, detergents, controlled release fertilizers, adsorbents, and emulsifiers. Thus, this article reviews research progress on the synthesis and applications of amphiphilic lignin-derived polymers over the past 10 years, providing a theoretical reference for the utilization of high-added-value and high-performance lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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54
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Mattoo AJ, Nonzom S. Endophytes in Lignin Valorization: A Novel Approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:895414. [PMID: 35928943 PMCID: PMC9343868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.895414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, one of the essential components of lignocellulosic biomass, comprises an abundant renewable aromatic resource on the planet earth. Although 15%––40% of lignocellulose pertains to lignin, its annual valorization rate is less than 2% which raises the concern to harness and/or develop effective technologies for its valorization. The basic hindrance lies in the structural heterogeneity, complexity, and stability of lignin that collectively makes it difficult to depolymerize and yield common products. Recently, microbial delignification, an eco-friendly and cheaper technique, has attracted the attention due to the diverse metabolisms of microbes that can channelize multiple lignin-based products into specific target compounds. Also, endophytes, a fascinating group of microbes residing asymptomatically within the plant tissues, exhibit marvellous lignin deconstruction potential. Apart from novel sources for potent and stable ligninases, endophytes share immense ability of depolymerizing lignin into desired valuable products. Despite their efficacy, ligninolytic studies on endophytes are meagre with incomplete understanding of the pathways involved at the molecular level. In the recent years, improvement of thermochemical methods has received much attention, however, we lagged in exploring the novel microbial groups for their delignification efficiency and optimization of this ability. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge about endophytic delignification potential with special emphasis on underlying mechanism of biological funnelling for the production of valuable products. It also highlights the recent advancements in developing the most intriguing methods to depolymerize lignin. Comparative account of thermochemical and biological techniques is accentuated with special emphasis on biological/microbial degradation. Exploring potent biological agents for delignification and focussing on the basic challenges in enhancing lignin valorization and overcoming them could make this renewable resource a promising tool to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) which are supposed to be achieved by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- *Correspondence: Skarma Nonzom, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-7900
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55
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Guan L, Huang Q, Wang X, Qi N, Wang M, Wang G, Wang Z. Rapid Prediction of Mechanical Properties Based on the Chemical Components of Windmill Palm Fiber. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144989. [PMID: 35888456 PMCID: PMC9323776 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During spinning, the chemical component content of natural fibers has a great influence on the mechanical properties. How to rapidly and accurately measure these properties has become the focus of the industry. In this work, a grey model (GM) for rapid and accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of windmill palm fiber (WPF) was established to explore the effect of chemical component content on the Young’s modulus. The chemical component content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in WPF was studied using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and an NIR prediction model was established, with the measured chemical values as the control. The value of RC and RCV were more than 0.9, while the values of RMSEC and RMSEP were less than 1, which reflected the excellent accuracy of the NIR model. External validation and a two-tailed t-test were used to evaluate the accuracy of the NIR model prediction results. The GM(1,4) model of WPF chemical components and the Young’s modulus was established. The model indicated that the increase in cellulose and lignin content could promote the increase in the Young’s modulus, while the increase in hemicellulose content inhibited it. The establishment of the two models provides a theoretical basis for evaluating whether WPF can be used in spinning, which is convenient for the selection of spinning fibers in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Guan
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiuzi Huang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Ning Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Violet Home Textile Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226311, China;
| | - Guohe Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-132-9511-8006 (G.W.); +86-157-2263-6125 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.G.); (Q.H.); (X.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-132-9511-8006 (G.W.); +86-157-2263-6125 (Z.W.)
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56
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Pietrasiak E, Ha S, Jeon S, Jeong J, Lee J, Seo J, Lee E. Cobalt-Catalyzed Formation of Grignard Reagents via C-O or C-S Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8380-8389. [PMID: 35731897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C(aryl)-OMe bond functionalization catalyzed by cobalt(II) chloride in combination with a nacnac-type ligand and magnesium as a reductant is reported. Borylation and benzoylation of aryl methoxides are demonstrated, and C(aryl)-SMe bond borylation can be achieved under similar conditions. This is the first example of achieving these transformations using cobalt catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that a Grignard reagent is generated as an intermediate in a rare example of a magnesiation via a C-O bond activation reaction. Indeed, an organomagnesium species could be directly observed by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopic analysis. Kinetic experiments indicate that a heterogeneous cobalt catalyst performs the C-O bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pietrasiak
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Seongmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jongheon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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He D, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhu H, Yu M, Li S, Xu S, Zhou J, Wang X. Preparation of biomass-based gas separation membranes from biochar residue obtained by depolymerization of lignin with ZSM-5 to promote a circular bioeconomy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:45-53. [PMID: 35709873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reuse of biochar residues after lignin degradation will not only save costs but also reduce the pollution, protect and improve the environment. In this study, biochar residue (BR) after peanut shell lignin selective depolymerization on ZSM-5 were recycled, and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Surface area & pore size distribution analyzers, Thermogravimetric Analysis. Subsequently, a series of hybrid matrix membranes were prepared using ethyl cellulose as the matrix and biochar residue after depolymerization under different reaction conditions as the filler. The separation performance of BR/EC membranes for CO2/CH4 mixed gas and CO2/N2 mixed gas was measured. The results showed that the gas separation membranes prepared with biochar residue (3 h, 300 °C) as filler had good gas separation characteristics. The resulting mixed-matrix membrane exhibited a permeability of 66.00 Barrer for CO2 and selectivities of 9.97 for CO2/CH4. Meanwhile, the resulting mixed-matrix membrane exhibited a permeability of 79.53 Barrer for CO2 and selectivities of 20.01 for CO2/N2. Both exceed the upper limit of known pure EC membranes. Therefore, the use of biochar residue after ZSM-5 depolymerization as a filler for gas separation membranes is a feasible way. Furthermore, the membrane is well stabilized, proving its good potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpo He
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd., Hunan 414002, China
| | - Mengtian Yu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuangping Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang Provinces Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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58
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Rammala B, Zhou N. Looking into the world's largest elephant population in search of ligninolytic microorganisms for biorefineries: a mini-review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:64. [PMID: 35689287 PMCID: PMC9188235 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of herbivores are lignin-rich environments with the potential to find ligninolytic microorganisms. The occurrence of the microorganisms in herbivore GIT is a well-documented mutualistic relationship where the former benefits from the provision of nutrients and the latter benefits from the microorganism-assisted digestion of their recalcitrant lignin diets. Elephants are one of the largest herbivores that rely on the microbial anaerobic fermentation of their bulky recalcitrant low-quality forage lignocellulosic diet given their inability to break down major components of plant cells. Tapping the potential of these mutualistic associations in the biggest population of elephants in the whole world found in Botswana is attractive in the valorisation of the bulky recalcitrant lignin waste stream generated from the pulp and paper, biofuel, and agro-industries. Despite the massive potential as a feedstock for industrial fermentations, few microorganisms have been commercialised. This review focuses on the potential of microbiota from the gastrointestinal tract and excreta of the worlds' largest population of elephants of Botswana as a potential source of extremophilic ligninolytic microorganisms. The review further discusses the recalcitrance of lignin, achievements, limitations, and challenges with its biological depolymerisation. Methods of isolation of microorganisms from elephant dung and their improvement as industrial strains are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bame Rammala
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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59
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Coffee Husk and Lignin Revalorization: Modification with Ag Nanoparticles for Heavy Metals Removal and Antifungal Assays. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the use of the modified coffee husk and coffee lignin as sorbents in the heavy metal ions sorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), and Cu(II) in an aqueous solution. The modification of sorbents was carried out by the impregnation method, using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a nanoparticles’ (NPs) precursor, and reducing agent, respectively. The obtained nanocomposite material was morphologically characterized by electron microscopy. In addition, an evaluation of metal ions’ sorption, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order kinetics modeling was performed. Finally, antifungal activity was evaluated on different Candida species. Coffee and lignin modified with AgNPs increased the extraction capacity with the highest sorption for Pb ions with 2.56 mg/g and 1.44 mg/g, respectively.
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60
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Kochhar N, I․K K, Shrivastava S, Ghosh A, Rawat VS, Sodhi KK, Kumar M. Perspectives on the microorganism of extreme environments and their applications. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100134. [PMID: 35909612 PMCID: PMC9325743 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles are organisms that can survive and thrive in conditions termed as "extreme" by human beings. Conventional methods cannot be applied under extreme conditions like temperature and pH fluctuations, high salinity, etc. for a variety of reasons. Extremophiles can function and are adapted to thrive in these environments and are sustainable, cheaper, and efficient, therefore, they serve as better alternatives to the traditional methods. They adapt to these environments with biochemical and physiological changes and produce products like extremolytes, extremozymes, biosurfactants, etc., which are found to be useful in a wide range of industries like sustainable agriculture, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. These products also play a crucial role in bioremediation, production of biofuels, biorefinery, and astrobiology. This review paper comprehensively lists out the current applications of extremophiles and their products in various industries and explores the prospects of the same. They help us understand the underlying basis of biological mechanisms exploring the boundaries of life and thus help us understand the origin and evolution of life on Earth. This helps us in the research for extra-terrestrial life and space exploration. The structure and biochemical properties of extremophiles along with any possible long-term effects of their applications need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kochhar
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Kavya I․K
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Anshika Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Kushneet Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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61
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Zhang Z, Yin G, Andrioletti B. Advances in value-added aromatics by oxidation of lignin with transition metal complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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62
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Zhuang X, Shin MC, Jeong BJ, Hwang JY, Choi YC, Park JH. Desalination and lignin concentration in a lignin aqueous solution by nano-filtration process: Advanced γ-Al2O3 film-coated porous α-Al2O3 hollow fiber membrane. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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63
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Fan Y, Li H, Su S, Chen J, Liu C, Wang S, Xu X, Song G. Integration of Ru/C and base for reductive catalytic fractionation of triploid poplar. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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64
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Sugiarto S, Leow Y, Tan CL, Wang G, Kai D. How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material? Bioact Mater 2022; 8:71-94. [PMID: 34541388 PMCID: PMC8424518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
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65
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Banu Jamaldheen S, Kurade MB, Basak B, Yoo CG, Oh KK, Jeon BH, Kim TH. A review on physico-chemical delignification as a pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126591. [PMID: 34929325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is one of the most important steps in biorefinery, ensuring the quality and commercial viability of the overall bioprocess. Lignin recalcitrance in LCB is a major bottleneck in biological conversion as the polymerization of lignin with hemicellulose hinders enzyme accessibility and further bioconversion to fuels and chemicals. Therefore, there is a need to delignify LCB to ease further bioprocessing. The efficiency of delignification, quality and quantity of the desired products, and generation of inhibitors depend upon the type of pretreatment employed. This review summarizes different single and integrated physicochemical pretreatments for delignification. Additionally, conditions required for effective delignification and the advantages and drawbacks of each method were evaluated. Advances in overcoming the recalcitrance of residual lignin to saccharification and the methods to recover lignin after delignification are also discussed. Efficient lignin recovery and valorization strategies provide an avenue for the sustainable lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitha Banu Jamaldheen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Youngin 16890, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030953. [PMID: 35160893 PMCID: PMC8838035 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegradable materials. Its wide usage includes drug delivery, polymers and several forms of emerging lignin nanoparticles. The synthesis of lignin nanoparticles is carried out in a controlled manner. The traditional manufacturing techniques are costly and often toxic and hazardous to the environment. This review article highlights simple, safe, climate-friendly and ecological approaches to the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles. The changeable, complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin makes it challenging to degrade. Researchers have discovered a small number of microorganisms that have developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways to use lignin as a carbon source. These microbes show promising potential for the biodegradation of lignin. The degradation pathways of these microbes are also described, which makes the study of biological synthesis much easier. However, surface modification of lignin nanoparticles is something that is yet to be explored. This review elucidates the recent advances in the biodegradation of lignin in the ecological system. It includes the current approaches, methods for modification, new applications and research for the synthesis of lignin and lignin nanoparticles. Additionally, the intricacy of lignin’s structure, along with its chemical nature, is well-described. This article will help increase the understanding of the utilization of lignin as an economical and alternative-resource material. It will also aid in the minimization of solid waste arising from lignin.
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Fraga G, Santos MS, Konarova M, Hasan MD, Laycock B, Batalha N, Pratt S. Role of Catalyst Support's Physicochemical Properties on Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation over Palladium Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fraga
- School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mirella S. Santos
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M. D. Hasan
- School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nuno Batalha
- School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) UMR5256 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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Xu YH, Li MF. Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose for value-added products: Mechanism, parameter and production application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126035. [PMID: 34592454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abundant, environmentally friendly, and sustainable lignocellulose is a promising feedstock for replacing fossil fuels, and hydrothermal liquefaction is an effective technology to convert it into liquid fuels and high-value chemicals. This review summarizes and discusses the reaction mechanism, main influence factor and the production application of hydrothermal liquefaction. Particular attention has been paid to the reaction mechanism of the structural components of lignocellulose, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the influence factors including types of lignocellulose, temperature, heating rate, retention time, pressure, solid-to-liquid ratio, and catalyst are discussed in detail. The limitations in the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose and the prospects are proposed. This provides deep knowledge for understanding the process as well as the development of advanced products from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wang Z, Qin K, Wang Z, Shen D, Wu C. Carbon nanotubes/Al 2O 3 composite derived from catalytic reforming of the pyrolysis volatiles of the mixture of polyethylene and lignin for highly-efficient removal of Pb(ii). RSC Adv 2021; 11:37851-37865. [PMID: 35498068 PMCID: PMC9043776 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the coked catalysts derived from catalytic reforming of the pyrolysis volatiles of polyethylene (PE), lignin (LG) and their mixture were developed as low-cost and environmentally-friendly carbon materials-containing composites to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The composites were thoroughly characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and FT-IR and then their adsorption capability towards Pb(ii) was investigated. It is found that curved cone-shape carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with abundant structural defects and O-containing surface functional groups, such as C–O, C
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O and –OH, can be obtained from the catalytic reforming of the mixture of PE and LG. The CNT-containing catalyst composite presents a superior adsorption capability towards Pb(ii) when it is employed in Pb(ii) removal. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics studies show that the adsorption process can be well simulated by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating that the adsorption is subjected to a homogeneous and chemical process. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 146.08 mg g−1, which is much higher than most of the adsorbents reported. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis reveals that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Accordingly, the used catalyst from the catalytic reforming can be developed as a low-cost and highly-efficient adsorbent. The coked catalysts derived from catalytic reforming of the pyrolysis volatiles of polyethylene, lignin and their mixture were developed as low-cost and high-efficient carbon materials-containing composites to remove heavy metal ions from water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025 PR China .,Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 PR China
| | - Kun Qin
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025 PR China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025 PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 PR China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN UK
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A Islam ST, Zhang J, Tonin F, Hinderks R, Deurloo YN, Urlacher VB, Hagedoorn PL. Isothermal titration calorimetric assessment of lignin conversion by laccases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:493-503. [PMID: 34796477 PMCID: PMC9299204 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization may offer a sustainable approach to achieve a chemical industry that is not completely dependent on fossil resources for the production of aromatics. However, lignin is a recalcitrant, heterogeneous, and complex polymeric compound for which only very few catalysts can act in a predictable and reproducible manner. Laccase is one of those catalysts and has often been referred to as an ideal “green” catalyst, as it is able to oxidize various linkages within lignin to release aromatic products, with the use of molecular oxygen and formation of water as the only side product. The extent and rate of laccase‐catalyzed lignin conversion were measured using the label‐free analytical technique isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). IITC provides the molar enthalpy of the reaction, which reflects the extent of conversion and the time‐dependent power trace, which reflects the rate of the reaction. Calorimetric assessment of the lignin conversion brought about by various fungal and bacterial laccases in the absence of mediators showed marked differences in the extent and rate of conversion for the different enzymes. Kraft lignin conversion by Trametes versicolor laccase followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics and was characterized by the following thermodynamic and kinetic parameters ΔHITC = −(2.06 ± 0.06)·103 kJ mol−1, KM = 6.6 ± 1.2 μM and Vmax = 0.30 ± 0.02 U/mg at 25°C and pH 6.5. We envision calorimetric techniques as important tools for the development of enzymatic lignin valorization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams T A Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing, Storage and Transportation of Characterized Agro-Products, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hinderks
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yanthi N Deurloo
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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71
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Cajnko MM, Oblak J, Grilc M, Likozar B. Enzymatic bioconversion process of lignin: mechanisms, reactions and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125655. [PMID: 34388661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a wasted renewable source of biomass-derived value-added chemicals. However, due to its material resistance to degradation, it remains highly underutilized. In order to develop new, catalysed and more environment friendly reaction processes for lignin valorization, science has turned a selective concentrated attention to microbial enzymes. This present work looks at the enzymes involved with the main reference focus on the different elementary mechanisms of action/conversion rate kinetics. Pathways, like with laccases/peroxidases, employ radicals, which more readily result in polymerization than de-polymerization. The β-etherase system interaction of proteins targets β-O-4 ether covalent bond, which targets lower molecular weight product species. Enzymatic activity is influenced by a wide variety of different factors which need to be considered in order to obtain the best functionality and synthesis yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Mojca Cajnko
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Oblak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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72
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Camus M, Condassamy O, Ham-Pichavant F, Michaud C, Mastroianni S, Mignani G, Grau E, Cramail H, Grelier S. Oxidative Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin from Pinus Pinaster by Oxygen and Air for Value-Added Bio-Sourced Synthons. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3725. [PMID: 34771285 PMCID: PMC8587034 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an efficient 3-step process targeting the chemical modification and purification of lignin oligomers from industrial alkaline lignin is described. The oxidative depolymerization process of alkaline lignin with O2 or Air pressure, without use of metal catalyst, led to the production of two fractions of lignin oligomers named 'precipitated lignin' and 'hydrosoluble lignin' with 40% and 60% yield, respectively. These fractions were characterized with a wide range of methods including NMR spectroscopy (31P, 2D-HSQC), SEC (in basic media), FTIR. NMR analyses revealed the presence of carboxylic acid functions at a ratio of 1.80 mmol/g and 2.80 mmol/g for the precipitated and hydrosoluble lignin, respectively, values much higher than what is generally found in native lignin (between 0.2 and 0.5 mmol/g). SEC analyses revealed the formation of low molar masses for the precipitated (2200 g/mol) and hydrosoluble fractions (1500 g/mol) in contrast to the alkaline lignin (3900 g/mol). It is worth noting that the hydrosoluble fraction of lignin is soluble in water at any pH. Both processes (oxygen and air) were successfully scaled up and showed similar results in terms of yield and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Camus
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Olivia Condassamy
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Frédérique Ham-Pichavant
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
| | | | - Sergio Mastroianni
- Research and Innovation Center of Lyon, Solvay, 85 Avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons, France;
| | - Gérard Mignani
- International Open Innovation, 56580 Kerfily en Crédin, France;
| | - Etienne Grau
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Henri Cramail
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Stéphane Grelier
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.C.); (O.C.); (F.H.-P.); (E.G.)
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Sutton JT, Rajan K, Harper DP, Chmely SC. Improving UV Curing in Organosolv Lignin-Containing Photopolymers for Stereolithography by Reduction and Acylation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203473. [PMID: 34685231 PMCID: PMC8539641 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent successes in incorporating lignin into photoactive resins, lignin photo-properties can be detrimental to its application in UV-curable photopolymers, especially in specialized engineered resins for use in stereolithography printing. We report on chemical modification techniques employed to reduce UV absorption by lignin and the resulting mechanical, thermal, and cure properties of these modified lignin materials. Lignin was modified using reduction and acylation reactions and incorporated into a 3D printable resin formulation. UV–Vis absorption at the 3D printing range of 405 nm was reduced in all modified lignins compared to the unmodified sample by 25% to ≥ 60%. Resins made with the modified lignins showed an increase in stiffness and strength with lower thermal stability. Studying these techniques is an important step in developing lignin for use in UV-curing applications and further the effort to valorize lignin towards commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Sutton
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (J.T.S.); (K.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (J.T.S.); (K.R.)
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David P. Harper
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (J.T.S.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.H.); (S.C.C.); Tel.: +1-(865)-946-1121 (D.P.H.); +1-(814)-863-6815 (S.C.C.)
| | - Stephen C. Chmely
- Department of Ag & Bio Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (D.P.H.); (S.C.C.); Tel.: +1-(865)-946-1121 (D.P.H.); +1-(814)-863-6815 (S.C.C.)
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Singh R, Singh V. Integrated Biorefinery for Valorization of Engineered Bioenergy Crops—A Review. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Ventura-Cruz S, Tecante A. Nanocellulose and microcrystalline cellulose from agricultural waste: Review on isolation and application as reinforcement in polymeric matrices. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080807. [PMID: 34440551 PMCID: PMC8398495 DOI: 10.3390/life11080807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that are considered able to replace synthetic plastic because their biochemical characteristics are in some cases the same as other biodegradable polymers. However, due to the disadvantages of costly and non-renewable carbon sources, the production of PHA has been lower in the industrial sector against conventional plastics. At the same time, first-generation sugar-based cultivated feedstocks as substrates for PHA production threatens food security and considerably require other resources such as land and energy. Therefore, attempts have been made in pursuit of suitable sustainable and affordable sources of carbon to reduce production costs. Thus, in this review, we highlight utilising waste lignocellulosic feedstocks (LF) as a renewable and inexpensive carbon source to produce PHA. These waste feedstocks, second-generation plant lignocellulosic biomass, such as maize stoves, dedicated energy crops, rice straws, wood chips, are commonly available renewable biomass sources with a steady supply of about 150 billion tonnes per year of global yield. The generation of PHA from lignocellulose is still in its infancy, hence more screening of lignocellulosic materials and improvements in downstream processing and substrate pre-treatment are needed in the future to further advance the biopolymer sector.
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De Saegher T, Lauwaert J, Vercammen J, Van Geem KM, De Clercq J, Verberckmoes A. Fast screening of Depolymerized Lignin Samples Through 2D-Liquid Chromatography Mapping. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:740-747. [PMID: 34351071 PMCID: PMC8340071 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin valorization and particularly its depolymerization into bio-aromatics, has emerged as an important research topic within green chemistry. However, screening of catalysts and reaction conditions within this field is strongly constrained by the lack of analytical techniques that allow for fast and detailed mapping of the product pools. This analytical gap results from the inherent product pool complexity and the focus of the state-of-the-art on monomers and dimers, overlooking the larger oligomers. In this work, this gap is bridged through the development of a quasi-orthogonal GPC-HPLC-UV/VIS method that is able to separate the bio-aromatics according to molecular weight (hydrodynamic volume) and polarity. The method is evaluated using model compounds and real lignin depolymerization samples. The resulting color plots provide a powerful graphical tool to rapidly assess differences in reaction selectivity towards monomers and dimers as well as to identify differences in the oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Saegher
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Jeroen Lauwaert
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Joeri Vercammen
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
- Interscience Expert Center (IS-X)Avenue J.E. Lenoir 21384Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
| | - Jeriffa De Clercq
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - An Verberckmoes
- Department of Materials Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh)Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
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Gong X, Sun J, Xu X, Wang B, Li H, Peng F. Molybdenum-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of herbaceous biomass: A procedure integrated lignin fragmentation and components fractionation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:124977. [PMID: 33872998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a low-cost MoO2/C catalyst was prepared for the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of various herbaceous biomass feedstocks (Miscanthus, Triarrhena, Floridulus, Sorghum stem and Corncob). Phenolic monomers from the hydrogenolysis of lignin component were obtained in up to 26.4 wt%, with high selectivity towards methyl coumarate (33%) and methyl ferulate (24%). The RCF left solid carbohydrate pulps with high retentions (up to 87%), which were suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. The reaction conditions, including temperature, time, H2 pressure, and sawdust size were examined in terms of monophenols yield, selectivity, delignification and sugar retention. This study showed that MoO2/C could function as an excellent catalyst for lignin fragmentation as well as the fractionation of herbaceous biomass components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankui Sun
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangya Xu
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Helong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Lignin is a natural biopolymer present in lignocellulosic biomass. During paper pulp production with the Kraft process, it is solubilized and degraded in Kraft lignin and then burned to recover energy. In this paper, the solvolysis of Kraft lignin was studied in water and in water/alcohol mixtures to produce oligomers and monomers of interest, at mild temperatures (200–275 °C) under inert atmosphere. It was found that the presence of alcohol and the type of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) greatly influenced the amount of oligomers and monomers formed from lignin, reaching a maximum of 48 mg·glignin−1 of monomers with isopropanol as a co-solvent. The impact of the addition of various solid catalysts composed of a metal phase (Pd, Pt or Ru) supported on an oxide (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2) was investigated. In water, the yield in monomers was enhanced by the presence of a catalyst and particularly by Pd/ZrO2. However, with an alcoholic co-solvent, the catalyst only enhanced the formation of oligomers. Detailed characterizations of the products with FTIR, 31P-NMR, 1H-NMR and HSQC NMR were performed to elucidate the chemical transformations occurring during solvolysis. The nature of the active catalytic specie was also investigated by testing homogeneous palladium catalysts.
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80
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Zhang L, Hu X, Li C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Esmaeili V, Gholizadeh M. Fates of heavy organics of bio-oil in hydrotreatment: The key challenge in the way from biomass to biofuel. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146321. [PMID: 33725606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy organics in bio-oil generally refer to the sugar oligomers and lignin-derivatives. They are important fractions in bio-oil and their effective conversion in hydrotreatment determines carbon yield from biomass or bio-oil to biofuel. Fates of the heavy organics largely determine intrinsic reaction behaviors of bio-oil during hydrotreatment. The heavy organics in bio-oil have high tendency towards polymerization upon thermal treatment, which is one of the main precursors for coke formation and catalyst deactivation. Furthermore, the heavy organics have some other unique characteristics in hydrotreatment such as the steric hindrance for contacting active sites on surface of catalyst. How to effectively convert the heavy organics has been regarded as the bottle-neck issue in hydrotreatment of bio-oil and the key barrier in the roadmap from biomass to biofuels. Thus, this review particularly focuses on the progress in understanding reaction behaviors of the heavy organics in hydrotreatment of bio-oil, a central challenge to be resolved. The results indicated that coke formation from heavy organics in bio-oil remains main obstacle in hydrotreatment and further fundamental studies are required to develop suitable catalyst and process to stabilize the heavy organics in bio-oil. In particular, the mechanism for coke formation from the heavy species of varied chemical family should be clarified and corresponding measures should be developed to tackle high tendency of coking. Techno-economic feasibility should be considered in the first place in development of catalysts or process for tackling the heavy fractions of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Vahideh Esmaeili
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
| | - Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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81
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de Haro JC, Tatsi E, Fagiolari L, Bonomo M, Barolo C, Turri S, Bella F, Griffini G. Lignin-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Sustainable Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:8550-8560. [PMID: 34239783 PMCID: PMC8243320 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable materials for quasi-solid-state (QS) electrolytes in aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), novel bioderived polymeric membranes were prepared in this work by reaction of preoxidized kraft lignin with poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidylether (PEGDGE). The effect of the PEGDGE/lignin relative proportions on the characteristics of the obtained membranes was thoroughly investigated, and clear structure-property correlations were highlighted. In particular, the glass transition temperature of the materials was found to decrease by increasing the amount of PEGDGE in the formulation, indicating that polyethylene glycol chains act as flexible segments that increase the molecular mobility of the three-dimensional polymeric network. Concurrently, their swelling ability in liquid electrolyte was found to increase with the concentration of PEGDGE, which was also shown to influence the ionic transport efficiency within the membrane. The incorporation of these lignin-based cross-linked systems as QS electrolyte frameworks in aqueous DSSCs allowed the preparation of devices with excellent long-term stability under UV-vis light, which were found to be superior to benchmark QS-DSSCs incorporating state-of-the-art carboxymethylcellulose membranes. This study provides the first demonstration of lignin-based QS electrolytes for stable aqueous DSSCs, establishing a straightforward strategy to exploit the potential of lignin as a functional polymer precursor for the field of sustainable photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos de Haro
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisavet Tatsi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Fagiolari
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- ICxT
Interdepartmental Centre, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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82
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Zhang H, Fu S, Du X, Deng Y. Advances in Versatile Nanoscale Catalyst for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2268-2294. [PMID: 33811470 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past five years, biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals were widely studied both in academia and industry as promising alternatives to petroleum. In this Review, the latest progress of the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts that are used in catalytic transformations involving hydrogenolysis of lignin is reviewed in terms of their textural properties, catalytic activities, and stabilities. A particular emphasis is made with regard to the catalyst design for the hydrogenolysis of lignin and/or lignin model compounds. Furthermore, the effects of different supports on the lignin hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of lignin hydrogenolysis over nanomaterial-supported catalysts are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xu Du
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
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83
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Wang Q, Xu Q, Du Z, Zhang W, Wang D, Peng Y. Mechanistic insights into the effects of biopolymer conversion on macroscopic physical properties of waste activated sludge during hydrothermal treatment: Importance of the Maillard reaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144798. [PMID: 33465628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the molecular transformation of sludge biopolymers during hydrothermal treatment with the temperature ranging from 25 °C to 200 °C was examined and was seen to significantly affect the macrophysical properties (dewaterability and rheological property) of sludge. The results showed that the sludge dewaterability and flow ability under high shear stress deteriorated by a hydrothermal process at 25 °C to 120 °C, but the deterioration alleviated above the temperature threshold of 120 °C. The consistence of changes in sludge dewaterability and rheological property in HT process was mainly attributed to the variation in gel properties of soluble biopolymer. Two-stage changes in biopolymer transformation were identified, beginning with a solubilization stage from 25 °C to 120 °C in which a biopolymer with a gel-like network structure was released into liquid phase, creating flow resistance under high shear stress such that sludge dewaterability deteriorated. The second stage was identified as a conversion stage (120 °C-200 °C) in which proteins and polysaccharides hydrolyzed and experienced a Maillard reaction, leading to the degradation of the biopolymer network structure. The newly formed recalcitrant Maillard products showed weak flow response to high shear stress, allowing for an improvement in sludge dewaterability. The pathways of a Maillard reaction were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and two-dimensional correlation spectral analysis (2D-COS) of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), etc. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) proved to be an applicable method for tracking Maillard reaction in sludge hydrothermal process due to the distinctive fluorescence characteristics of Maillard products. This study further clarifies the obscure process of sludge hydrothermal treatment and will help improve the accuracy of subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandi Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengliang Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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84
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A Novel Gene Cluster Is Involved in the Degradation of Lignin-Derived Monoaromatics in Thermus oshimai JL-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.01589-20. [PMID: 33741620 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01589-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gene cluster involved in the degradation of lignin-derived monoaromatics such as p-hydroxybenzoate, vanillate, and ferulate has been identified in the thermophilic nitrate reducer Thermus oshimai JL-2. Based on conserved domain analyses and metabolic pathway mapping, the cluster was classified into upper- and peripheral-pathway operons. The upper-pathway genes, responsible for the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate, are located on a 0.27-Mb plasmid, whereas the peripheral-pathway genes, responsible for the transformation of ferulate, are spread throughout the plasmid and the chromosome. In addition, a lower-pathway operon was also identified in the plasmid that corresponds to the meta-cleavage pathway of catechol. Spectrophotometric and gene induction data suggest that the upper and lower operons are induced by p-hydroxybenzoate, which the strain can degrade completely within 4 days of incubation, whereas the peripheral genes are expressed constitutively. The upper degradation pathway follows a less common route, proceeding via the decarboxylation of protocatechuate to form catechol, and involves a novel thermostable γ-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase homolog, identified as protocatechuate decarboxylase based on gene deletion experiments. This gene cluster is conserved in only a few members of the Thermales and shows traces of vertical expansion of catabolic pathways in these organisms toward lignoaromatics.IMPORTANCE High-temperature steam treatment of lignocellulosic biomass during the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose fractions leads to the release of a wide array of lignin-derived aromatics into the natural ecosystem, some of which can have detrimental effects on the environment. Not only will identifying organisms capable of using such aromatics aid in environmental cleanup, but thermostable enzymes, if characterized, can also be used for efficient lignin valorization. However, no thermophilic lignin degraders have been reported thus far. The present study reports T. oshimai JL-2 as a thermophilic bacterium with the potential to use lignin-derived aromatics. The identification of a novel thermostable protocatechuate decarboxylase gene in the strain further adds to its significance, as such an enzyme can be efficiently used in the biosynthesis of cis,cis-muconate, an important intermediate in the commercial production of plastics.
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85
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Pezzana L, Malmström E, Johansson M, Sangermano M. UV-Curable Bio-Based Polymers Derived from Industrial Pulp and Paper Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091530. [PMID: 34068798 PMCID: PMC8126230 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based monomers represent the future market for polymer chemistry, since the political economics of different states promote green ventures toward more sustainable materials and processes. Industrial pulp and paper processing represent a large market that could advance the use of by-products to avoid waste production and reduce pollution. Lignin represents the most available side product that can be used to produce a bio-based monomer. This review is concentrated on the possibility of using bio-based monomer derivates from pulp and the paper industry for UV-curing processing. UV-curing represents the new frontier for thermoset production, allowing a fast reaction cure, less energy demand, and the elimination of solvent. The growing demand for new monomers increases research in the environmental field to substitute for petroleum-based products. This review provides an overview of the main monomers and relative families of compounds derived from industrial processes that are suitable for UV-curing. Particular focus is given to the developments reached in the last few years concerning lignin, rosin and terpenes and the related possible applications of these in UV-curing chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pezzana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Eva Malmström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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86
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Seki R, Hara N, Saito T, Nakao Y. Selective C-O Bond Reduction and Borylation of Aryl Ethers Catalyzed by a Rhodium-Aluminum Heterobimetallic Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6388-6394. [PMID: 33886288 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the catalytic reduction of a C-O bond and the borylation by a rhodium complex bearing an X-type PAlP pincer ligand. We have revealed the reaction mechanism based on the characterization of the reaction intermediate and deuterium-labeling experiments. Notably, this novel catalytic system shows steric-hindrance-dependent chemoselectivity that is distinct from conventional Ni-based catalysts and suggests a new strategy for selective C-O bond activation by heterobimetallic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Seki
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naofumi Hara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Saito
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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87
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Wu X, Zhou X, Bjelić S, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Valence Photoionization and Energetics of Vanillin, a Sustainable Feedstock Candidate. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3327-3340. [PMID: 33872037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the valence photoionization of vanillin by photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy in the 8.20-19.80 eV photon energy range. Vertical ionization energies by EOM-IP-CCSD calculations reproduce the photoelectron spectral features. Composite method calculations and Franck-Condon simulation of the weak, ground-state band yield the adiabatic ionization energy of the most stable vanillin conformer as 8.306(20) eV. The lowest energy dissociative photoionization channels correspond to hydrogen atom, carbon monoxide, and methyl losses, which form the dominant C8H7O3+ (m/z 151) and the less intense C7H8O2+ (m/z 124) and C7H5O3+ (m/z 137) fragment ions in parallel dissociation channels at modeled 0 K appearance energies of 10.13(1), 10.40(3), and 10.58(10) eV, respectively. On the basis of the breakdown diagram, we explore the energetics of sequential methyl and carbon monoxide loss channels, which dominate the fragmentation mechanism at higher photon energies. The 0 K appearance energy for sequential CO loss from the m/z 151 fragment to C7H7O2+ (m/z 123) is 12.99(10) eV, and for sequential CH3 loss from the m/z 123 fragment to C6H4O2+ (m/z 108), it is 15.40(20) eV based on the model. Finally, we review the thermochemistry of the bi- and trifunctionalized benzene derivatives guaiacol, hydroxybenzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, and vanillin. On the basis of isodesmic functional group exchange reactions, we propose new enthalpies of formations, among them ΔfH°298K(vanillin, g) = -383.5 ± 2.9 kJ mol-1. These mechanistic insights and ab initio thermochemistry results will support analytical works to study lignin conversion involving vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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88
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Morales A, Labidi J, Gullón P. Hydrothermal treatments of walnut shells: A potential pretreatment for subsequent product obtaining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142800. [PMID: 33092847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are nowadays widely consumed. Since the edible part of walnuts does not account more than 50-60% of their total weight, the total amount of shells produced annually is huge. However, as walnut shells are part of lignocellulosic biomass, they could be valorised via a biorefinery approach in order to extract their diverse constituents. For this reason, the aim of this work was to valorise walnut shells by a biorefinery scheme. The latest involved multiple microwave assisted and conventional hydrothermal treatments for the subsequent valorisation of oligosaccharides. Then, an organosolv delignification of the solid that permitted the maximum oligosaccharide yield was performed, in order to isolate the lignin. Finally, it was treated for cellulose nanocrystal obtaining. The results showed, on the one hand, that the hydrothermal treatments leaded to xyloligossacharide-rich liquors (1-17 g/L). On the other hand, the organosolv delignification resulted into the extraction of a highly pure lignin (93.6%) and a weight average molecular weight of 7000 Da. Moreover, the solid from the delignification treatment was suitable for a successful nanocrystal production. The extracted fractions could be employed in many applications and could be considered renewable precursors for new materials and chemicals. Hence, the proposed biorefinery scheme would allow an integral valorisation of currently undervalued walnut shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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89
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Chen K, Wang S, Qi Y, Guo H, Guo Y, Li H. State-of-the-Art: Applications and Industrialization of Lignin Micro/Nano Particles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1284-1294. [PMID: 33403798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a new product of high-value utilization of lignin, lignin micro/nano particles (LMNPs) have attracted the attention of researchers due to their non-toxicity, corrosion-resistance, UV resistance, and other excellent characteristics and potential application value. This article outlined the main preparation methods of LMNPs at the current stage, summarized and compared them from three perspectives of preparation technology, final product state and product composition. Subsequently, based on the different focuses of the properties of LMNPs, their application research progress as fillers, UV blockers, drug delivery carriers, among others, were introduced. Then a concise analysis of the technical and economic assessment and life cycle assessment of LMNPs in the process of industrialization was made. Finally, the main problems at present and the future development directions were analyzed and prospected to provide references for the deep processing of forest resources and the development of bio-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yungeng Qi
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Li
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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90
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Feng L, Li X, Wang Z, Liu B. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin for production of aromatic hydrocarbon over metal supported mesoporous catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124569. [PMID: 33360949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignin was examined at various temperature (250-310 °C) and reaction time in the presence of different solvents (water, methanol and ethanol) with different metal supported on MCM-41 mesoporous catalyst. In case of ethanol solvent, the maximum bio-oil yield of 56.2 wt% was obtained with Ni-Al/MCM-41. However in case of water, bio-oil yield was (44.3 wt%); while significantly improves bio-oil yield for methanol solvent (48.1 wt%). It is indicated that alcoholic solvents promoted the lignin decomposition, while in the presence of catalyst; water solvent significantly improves lignin degradation. Loading of Ni and Al on MCM-41, the acid strength of the catalyst increased, which enhanced lignin degradation. From the GC-MS analysis, the main G-type (ca.54%) phenolic compounds were produced with higher percentage of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. CHNS and GPC analysis showed that catalytic liquefaction encouraged hydrodeoxygenation, which produced lower oxygen content bio-oil with lower molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuhao Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zizeng Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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91
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Balakshin MY, Capanema EA, Sulaeva I, Schlee P, Huang Z, Feng M, Borghei M, Rojas OJ, Potthast A, Rosenau T. New Opportunities in the Valorization of Technical Lignins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1016-1036. [PMID: 33285039 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based biorefineries have faced significant economic challenges. Biorefinery lignins are often classified as low-value products (fuel or low-cost chemical feedstock) mainly due to low lignin purities in the crude material. However, recent research has shown that biorefinery lignins have a great chance of being successfully used as high-value products, which in turn should result in an economy renaissance of the whole biorefinery idea. This critical review summarizes recent developments from our groups, along with the state-of-the-art in the valorization of technical lignins, with the focus on biorefinery lignins. A beneficial synergistic effect of lignin and cellulose mixtures used in different applications (wood adhesives, carbon fiber and nanofibers, thermoplastics) has been demonstrated. This phenomenon causes crude biorefinery lignins, which contain a significant amount of residual crystalline cellulose, to perform superior to high-purity lignins in certain applications. Where previously specific applications required high-purity and/or functionalized lignins with narrow molecular weight distributions, simple green processes for upgrading crude biorefinery lignin are suggested here as an alternative. These approaches can be easily combined with lignin micro-/nanoparticles (LMNP) production. The processes should also be cost-efficient compared to traditional lignin modifications. Biorefinery processes allow much greater flexibility in optimizing the lignin characteristics desirable for specific applications than traditional pulping processes. Such lignin engineering, at the same time, requires an efficient strategy capable of handling large datasets to find correlations between process variables, lignin structures and properties and finally their performance in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ewellyn A Capanema
- RISE Reserach Institute of Sweden, Drottning Kistrinas Väg 61, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Sulaeva
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
- Wood K plus - Competence Center for Wood Composites & Wood Chemistry, Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Philipp Schlee
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zeen Huang
- FPInnovations, 2665 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Martin Feng
- FPInnovations, 2665 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Antje Potthast
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Åbo/Turku, 20500, Finland
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92
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Sydney EB, Carvalho JCD, Letti LAJ, Magalhães AI, Karp SG, Martinez-Burgos WJ, Candeo EDS, Rodrigues C, Vandenberghe LPDS, Neto CJD, Torres LAZ, Medeiros ABP, Woiciechowski AL, Soccol CR. Current developments and challenges of green technologies for the valorization of liquid, solid, and gaseous wastes from sugarcane ethanol production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124059. [PMID: 33027733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane industry is one of the largest in the world and processes huge volumes of biomass, especially for ethanol and sugar production. These processes also generate several environmentally harmful solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Part of these wastes is reused, but with low-added value technologies, while a large unused fraction continues to impact the environment. In this review, the classic waste reuse routes are outlined, and promising green and circular technologies that can positively impact this sector are discussed. To remain competitive and reduce its environmental impact, the sugarcane industry must embrace technologies for bagasse fractionation and pyrolysis, microalgae cultivation for both CO2 recovery and vinasse treatment, CO2 chemical fixation, energy generation through the anaerobic digestion of vinasse, and genetically improved fermentation yeast strains. Considering the technological maturity, the anaerobic digestion of vinasse emerges as an important solution in the short term. However, the greatest environmental opportunity is to use the pure CO2 from fermentation. The other opportunities still require continued research to reach technological maturity. Intensifying the processes, the exploration of driving-change technologies, and the integration of wastes through biorefinery processes can lead to a more sustainable sugarcane processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Ponta Grossa, Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julio César de Carvalho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Irineudo Magalhães
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Walter José Martinez-Burgos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Esteffany de Souza Candeo
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Ponta Grossa, Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Dalmas Neto
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Zevallos Torres
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Ponta Grossa, Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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93
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Abstract
Bioethanol obtained from agro-food wastes could contribute to decrease the dependency on fossil resources, reduce the impact of fossil fuels on the environment, and mitigate the food versus fuel debate. This study is aimed to investigate the availability of residual inexpensive agro-food biomasses that could feed a second-generation bioethanol plant located in a specific area of North Eastern Italy. After the identification of all crops in the area, more than 40 agro-food residues were analyzed for their availability and compositions in terms of water, polysaccharides, and sugars potentially convertible into bioethanol. 574,166 Mg of residual wet lignocellulosic biomass corresponding to 297,325 Mg of dry material were found available for bioethanol conversion. The most promising substrates were wheat straw and vine shoots. Based on the chemical composition of residues, the potential attainable ethanol was determined. Theoretical potential ethanol production was estimated at nearly 72,000 Mg per year. This quantity extensively exceeds the minimum yearly capacity of a sustainable bioethanol plant previously identified as around 50,000 Mg of ethanol. Taken together, these results demonstrate that, in the analyzed area, agro-food residues are available in an amount that could sustain bioethanol production in a specific and restricted district. Techno-economical evaluations are in progress to assess the actual feasibility of installing a second generation bioethanol production plant in the area of interest.
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94
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Jiang Z, Ma Y, Guo X, Remón J, Tsang DCW, Hu C, Shi B. Sustainable production of lignin micro-/nano-particles (LMNPs) from biomass: Influence of the type of biomass on their self-assembly capability and physicochemical properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123701. [PMID: 33264888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of lignin micro-/nano-particles (LMNPs) has gained growing interest due to their eco-friendly feature and biological compatibility with negligible hazardous impacts. Herein, this work carefully addresses the preparation of LMNPs from different types of biomass, including pine wood, birch wood, pubescens, vinasse, corncob and corncob residue. Firstly, ligno-oligomers were produced from each biomass through a H2O-THF co-solvent system. Then, LMNPs were generated from these effluents. Uniform and spherical LMNPs, consisting of benzene ring-stacked cores and hydrophilic shells, were obtained only from the liquids yielded by the treatment of the corncob residue and pine wood. The characterization of the ligno-oligomers and the LMNPs revealed that the molecular weights of the ligno-oligomers did not exert a significant effect on their self-assembly capability. The presence of guaiacyl units connected by β-O-4 and β-β linkages was beneficial for the π-π stacking of the benzene rings into compact cores, while the existence of β-5 linkages and Cα-oxidized side-chains exerted a negative effect. Stable and spherical LMNPs with an appropriate negative zeta potential and a relatively high thermal stability were obtained from the corncob residue and pine wood, which can serve as functional materials in various application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Ya Ma
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Javier Remón
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
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95
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Khounani Z, Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Nazemi F, Shaeifi M, Karimi K, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS. Exergy analysis of a whole-crop safflower biorefinery: A step towards reducing agricultural wastes in a sustainable manner. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111822. [PMID: 33348185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The huge amount of agro-wastes generated due to expanding agricultural activities can potentially cause serious environmental and human health problems. Using the biorefinery concept, all parts of agricultural plants can be converted into multiple value-added bioproducts while reducing waste generation. This approach can be viewed as an effective strategy in developing and realizing a circular bioeconomy by accomplishing the dual goals of waste mitigation and energy recovery. However, the sustainability issue of biorefineries should still be thoroughly scrutinized using comprehensive resource accounting methods such as exergy-based approaches. In light of that, this study aims to conduct a detailed exergy analysis of whole-crop safflower biorefinery consisting of six units, i.e., straw handling, biomass pretreatment, bioethanol production, wastewater treatment, oil extraction, and biodiesel production. The analysis is carried out to find the major exergy sink in the developed biorefinery and discover the bottlenecks for further performance improvements. Overall, the wastewater treatment unit exhibits to be the major exergy sink, amounting to over 70% of the total thermodynamic irreversibility of the process. The biomass pretreatment and bioethanol production units account for 12.4 and 10.3% of the total thermodynamic inefficiencies of the process, respectively. The exergy rates associated with bioethanol, biodiesel, lignin, biogas, liquid digestate, seed cake, sodium sulfate, and glycerol are determined to be 5918.5, 16516.8, 10778.9, 1741.4, 6271.5, 15755.8, 3.4, and 823.5 kW, respectively. The overall exergetic efficiency of the system stands at 72.7%, demonstrating the adequacy of the developed biorefinery from the thermodynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khounani
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Farshid Nazemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shaeifi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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96
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Han L, Nie X, Wei J, Gu M, Wu W, Chen M. Effects of feedstock biopolymer compositions on the physiochemical characteristics of dissolved black carbon from lignocellulose-based biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141491. [PMID: 32861946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is becoming increasingly concerned by researchers due to its unique environmental behavior. However, understanding of the influence mechanism of biopolymer compositions of cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin (LIG) on the formation and physiochemical characteristics of DBC from lignocellulose-based biochar is limited. This study therefore examined the formation of DBCs derived from the biopolymer compositions, corn straw (CS), corncob (CC), bamboo sawdust (BS) and pinewood sawdust (PS) under the heat treatment temperatures (HTTs) of 300-500 °C. Zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of DBCs produced under 300 °C were further investigated. DBC formation may be closely associated with the HTT-dependent heterogeneities of biopolymer compositions, in which significant effects of CEL and HEM charring on physiochemical properties of DBCs were identified under the HTT of 300 and 400 °C, while the formation of DBCs was closely related to LIG and its proportions in biomass under high HTT (>500 °C). On the rise of the HTT, the carbonaceous structures of biopolymer compositions were reorganized and converted to graphitic structures in biochar accompanied by the large decomposition or carbonization of CEL and HEM, leading to the reduced carbon content, surface functional groups, aromaticity and molecular weight of DBCs, as well as the decrease of protein-like and relative increase of fulvic-like fluorescent substances in most DBCs. LIG in biomass may facilitate the migration of DBCs due to abundant surface negative charges and the formation of low Dh. This study offered new insights into our understanding of influencing mechanisms of biopolymer compositions on the characteristic of DBCs under different HTTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co Ltd, 8 Yuanhua Road, Innovation Building 106, Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Wenpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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97
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Kumar M, You S, Beiyuan J, Luo G, Gupta J, Kumar S, Singh L, Zhang S, Tsang DCW. Lignin valorization by bacterial genus Pseudomonas: State-of-the-art review and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124412. [PMID: 33249259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The most prominent aromatic feedstock on Earth is lignin, however, lignin valorization is still an underrated subject. The principal preparatory strategies for lignin valorization are fragmentation and depolymerization which help in the production of fuels and chemicals. Owing to lignin's structural heterogeneity, these strategies result in product generation which requires tedious separation and purification to extract target products. The bacterial genus Pseudomonas has been dominant for its lignin valorization potency, owing to a robust enzymatic machinery that is used to funnel variable lignin derivatives into certain target products such as polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHAs) and cis, cis-muconic acid (MA). In this review, the potential of genus Pseudomonas in lignin valorization is critically reviewed along with the advanced genetic techniques and tools to ease the use of lignin/lignin-model compounds for the synthesis of bioproducts. This review also highlights the research gaps in lignin biovalorization and discuss the challenges and possibilities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Siming You
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow G12 8 QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juhi Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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98
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Shen D, Wu C, Luo K, Gu S. Coked Ni/Al 2O 3 from the catalytic reforming of volatiles from co-pyrolysis of lignin and polyethylene: preparation, identification and application as a potential adsorbent. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00448d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of novel C–Ni/Al2O3 composite from the catalytic reforming of volatiles from co-pyrolysis of lignin and polyethylene and its adsorption application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Environment
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- PR China
| | - Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang 550025
- PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Environment
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- PR China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Kaihong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Sai Gu
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guilford
- UK
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99
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Liu P, Chen C, Zhou M, Xia H, Li J, Sharma BK, Jiang J. Catalytic lignin valorization over HSZ-supported CuNiAl-based catalysts with microwave heating. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted lignin depolymerization was investigated over HSZ-supported CuNiAl-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Haihong Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center
- Prairie Research Institute
- One Hazelwood Dr., Champaign
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- USA
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
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100
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Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, He C, Ruan R, Yu Z, Jiang L, Zeng Z, Wu Q. A review on selective production of value-added chemicals via catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142386. [PMID: 33370899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing fossil fuel consumption and global warming has been driving the worldwide revolution towards renewable energy. Biomass is abundant and low-cost resource whereas it requires environmentally friendly and cost-effective conversion technique. Pyrolysis of biomass into valuable bio-oil has attracted much attention in the past decades due to its feasibility and huge commercial outlook. However, the complex chemical compositions and high water content in bio-oil greatly hinder the large-scale application and commercialization. Therefore, catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for selective production of specific chemicals will stand out as a unique pathway. This review aims to improve the understanding for the process by illustrating the chemistry of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass at the temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. The focus is to introduce recent progress about producing value-added hydrocarbons, phenols, anhydrosugars, and nitrogen-containing compounds from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over zeolites, metal oxides, etc. via different reaction pathways including cracking, Diels-Alder/aromatization, ketonization/aldol condensation, and ammoniation. The potential challenges and future directions for this technique are discussed in deep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Chao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zhenting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zihong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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