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Vasconcelos AA, Pomin VH. Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E233. [PMID: 29987239 PMCID: PMC6070937 DOI: 10.3390/md16070233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oceans harbor a great diversity of organisms, and have been recognized as an important source of new compounds with nutritional and therapeutic potential. Among these compounds, carbohydrate-based compounds are of particular interest because they exhibit numerous biological functions associated with their chemical diversity. This gives rise to new substances for the development of bioactive products. Many are the known applications of substances with glycosidic domains obtained from marine species. This review covers the structural properties and the current findings on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of medium and high molecular-weight carbohydrates or glycosylated compounds extracted from various marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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Cui J, Huang W, Wu B, Jin J, Jing L, Shi WP, Liu ZY, Yuan L, Luo D, Li L, Chen ZN, Jiang JL. N-glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V enhances the interaction of CD147/basigin with integrin β1 and promotes HCC metastasis. J Pathol 2018; 245:41-52. [PMID: 29431199 PMCID: PMC5947728 DOI: 10.1002/path.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the importance of protein N-glycosylation in cancer cell migration is well appreciated, the precise mechanisms by which N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) regulates cancer processes remain largely unknown. In the current study, we report that GnT-V-mediated N-glycosylation of CD147/basigin, a tumor-associated glycoprotein that carries β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) glycans, is upregulated during TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which correlates with tumor metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interruption of β1,6-GlcNAc glycan modification of CD147/basigin decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in HCC cell lines and affected the interaction of CD147/basigin with integrin β1. These results reveal that β1,6-branched glycans modulate the biological function of CD147/basigin in HCC metastasis. Moreover, we showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates GnT-V expression and that inhibition of GnT-V-mediated N-glycosylation suppressed PI3K signaling. In summary, β1,6-branched N-glycosylation affects the biological function of CD147/basigin and these findings provide a novel approach for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wan Huang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Jin
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin Jing
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wen-Pu Shi
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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53
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Shu J, Yu H, Li X, Zhang D, Liu X, Du H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Xie H, Li Z. Salivary glycopatterns as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35718-35727. [PMID: 28415698 PMCID: PMC5482611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is still an extremely severe health issue with high mortality due to the lacking of effective biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to GC and assess the possibility of salivary glycopatterns as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of GC. Firstly, 94 patients with GC (n = 64) and atrophic gastritis (AG) (n = 30), as well as 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays, the results were validated by saliva microarrays and lectin blotting analysis. Then, the diagnostic model of GC (Model GC) and AG (Model AG) were constructed based on 15 candidate lectins which exhibited significant alterations of salivary glycopattern by logistic stepwise regression. Finally, two diagnostic models were assessed in the validation group including HV (n = 30) and patients with GC (n = 23) and AG (n = 24) and achieved high diagnostic power (Model GC (AUC: 0.89, sensitivity: 0.96 and specificity: 0.80), Model AG (AUC: 0.83, sensitivity: 0.92 and specificity: 0.72)). This study provides pivotal information to distinguish HV, AG and GC based on precise alterations in salivary glycopatterns, which have great potential to be biomarkers for diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Pothology. First People`s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoqi Du
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailong Xie
- Institute of Cancer Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Díaz-Fernández A, Miranda-Castro R, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Post-translational modifications in tumor biomarkers: the next challenge for aptamers? Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2059-2065. [PMID: 29353432 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in proteomics have fueled the search for novel cancer biomarkers with higher selectivity. Differential expression of low abundant proteins has been the usual way of finding those biomarkers. The existence of a selective receptor for each biomarker is compulsory for their use in diagnostic/prognostic assays. Antibodies are the receptors of choice in most cases although aptamers are becoming familiar because of their facile and reproducible synthesis, chemical stability as well as comparable affinity and selectivity. In recent years, it has been reported that the pattern of post-translational modifications, altered under neoplastic disease, is a better predictive biomarker than the total protein level. Among others, abnormal glycosylation is attracting great attention. Lectins and antibodies are being used for identification and detection of the carbohydrate moiety with low level of discrimination among various glycoproteins. Such level of selectivity is critical to bring next-generation biomarkers to the clinic. Aptamers that can be rationally tailored for a certain molecule domain can become the golden receptor to specifically detect aberrant glycosylation at each protein or even at each glycosylation site, providing new diagnostic tools for early detection of cancer. Graphical abstract Aptamers may specifically differentiate normal from aberrant glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Díaz-Fernández
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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Moschetta M, Kawano Y, Sacco A, Belotti A, Ribolla R, Chiarini M, Giustini V, Bertoli D, Sottini A, Valotti M, Ghidini C, Serana F, Malagola M, Imberti L, Russo D, Montanelli A, Rossi G, Reagan MR, Maiso P, Paiva B, Ghobrial IM, Roccaro AM. Bone Marrow Stroma and Vascular Contributions to Myeloma Bone Homing. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:499-506. [PMID: 28889371 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Herein we dissect mechanisms behind the dissemination of cancer cells from primary tumor site to the bone marrow, which are necessary for metastasis development, with a specific focus on multiple myeloma. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of tumor cells to invade vessels and reach the systemic circulation is a fundamental process for metastasis development; however, the interaction between clonal cells and the surrounding microenvironment is equally important for supporting colonization, survival, and growth in the secondary sites of dissemination. The intrinsic propensity of tumor cells to recognize a favorable milieu where to establish secondary growth is the basis of the "seed and soil" theory. This theory assumes that certain tumor cells (the "seeds") have a specific affinity for the milieu of certain organs (the "soil"). Recent literature has highlighted the important contributions of the vascular niche to the hospitable "soil" within the bone marrow. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of stromal cells and endothelial cells in supporting primary growth, homing, and metastasis to the bone marrow, in the context of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy with the unique propensity to primarily grow and metastasize to the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella Ribolla
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Bertoli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Valotti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ghidini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Malagola
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montanelli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, University of Maine, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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56
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Poiroux G, Barre A, van Damme EJM, Benoist H, Rougé P. Plant Lectins Targeting O-Glycans at the Cell Surface as Tools for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061232. [PMID: 28598369 PMCID: PMC5486055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycans expressed at the surface of cancer cells consist of membrane-tethered glycoproteins (T and Tn antigens) and glycolipids (Lewis a, Lewis x and Forssman antigens). All of these O-glycans have been identified as glyco-markers of interest for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer diseases. These epitopes are specifically detected using T/Tn-specific lectins isolated from various plants such as jacalin from Artocarpus integrifola, and fungi such as the Agaricus bisporus lectin. These lectins accommodate T/Tn antigens at the monosaccharide-binding site; residues located in the surrounding extended binding-site of the lectins often participate in the binding of more extended epitopes. Depending on the shape and size of the extended carbohydrate-binding site, their fine sugar-binding specificity towards complex O-glycans readily differs from one lectin to another, resulting in a great diversity in their sugar-recognition capacity. T/Tn-specific lectins have been extensively used for the histochemical detection of cancer cells in biopsies and for the follow up of the cancer progression and evolution. T/Tn-specific lectins also induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, often associated with a more or less severe inhibition of proliferation. Moreover, they provide another potential source of molecules adapted to the building of photosensitizer-conjugates allowing a specific targeting to cancer cells, for the photodynamic treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Poiroux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Annick Barre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Els J M van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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The Interaction of Selectins and PSGL-1 as a Key Component in Thrombus Formation and Cancer Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6138145. [PMID: 28680883 PMCID: PMC5478826 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6138145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interaction is inevitable in the pathomechanism of human disease. Formation of heterotypic cellular aggregates, between distinct cells of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin, may be involved in events leading to inflammation and the complex process of cancer progression. Among adhesion receptors, the family of selectins with their ligands have been considered as one of the major contributors to cell-cell interactions. Consequently, the inhibition of the interplay between selectins and their ligands may have potential therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the current evidence on the selectins as crucial modulators of inflammatory, thrombotic, and malignant disorders. Knowing that there is promiscuity in selectin binding, we outline the importance of a key protein that serves as a ligand for all selectins. This dimeric mucin, the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), has emerged as a major player in inflammation, thrombus, and cancer development. We discuss the interaction of PSGL-1 with various selectins in physiological and pathological processes with particular emphasis on mechanisms that lead to severe disease.
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58
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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Huang D, Yang K, Liu J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Liu B, Feng L. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of 2′-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose through modular pathway enhancement. Metab Eng 2017; 41:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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60
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E-selectin ligands recognised by HECA452 induce drug resistance in myeloma, which is overcome by the E-selectin antagonist, GMI-1271. Leukemia 2017; 31:2642-2651. [PMID: 28439107 PMCID: PMC5729350 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion and metastatic spread of malignant plasma cells to multiple sites in the bone marrow (BM). Recently, we implicated the sialyltransferase ST3Gal-6, an enzyme critical to the generation of E-selectin ligands, in MM BM homing and resistance to therapy. Since E-selectin is constitutively expressed in the BM microvasculature, we wished to establish the contribution of E-selectin ligands to MM biology. We report that functional E-selectin ligands are restricted to a minor subpopulation of MM cell lines which, upon expansion, demonstrate specific and robust interaction with recombinant E-selectin in vitro. Moreover, an increase in the mRNA levels of genes involved in the generation of E-selectin ligands was associated with inferior progression-free survival in the CoMMpass study. In vivo, E-selectin ligand-enriched cells induced a more aggressive disease and were completely insensitive to Bortezomib. Importantly, this resistance could be reverted by co-administration of GMI-1271, a specific glycomimetic antagonist of E-selectin. Finally, we report that E-selectin ligand-bearing cells are present in primary MM samples from BM and peripheral blood with a higher proportion seen in relapsed patients. This study provides a rationale for targeting E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions to overcome MM metastasis and chemoresistance.
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61
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Tanaka J, Gleinich AS, Zhang Q, Whitfield R, Kempe K, Haddleton DM, Davis TP, Perrier S, Mitchell DA, Wilson P. Specific and Differential Binding of N-Acetylgalactosamine Glycopolymers to the Human Macrophage Galactose Lectin and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1624-1633. [PMID: 28418238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A range of glycopolymers composed of N-acetylgalactosamine were prepared via sequential Cu(I)-mediated polymerization and alkyne-azide click (CuAAC). The resulting polymers were shown, via multichannel surface plasmon resonance, to interact specifically with human macrophage galactose lectin (MGL; CD301) with high affinity (KD = 1.11 μM), but they did not bind to the mannose/fucose-selective human lectin dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). The effect of sugar ligand valency on the binding (so-called "glycoside cluster effect") of poly(N-acetylgalactosamine) to MGL was investigated by varying first the polymer chain length (DP: 100, 64, 40, 23, 12) and then the architecture (4- and 8-arm star glycopolymers). The chain length did not have a significant effect on the binding to MGL (KD = 0.17-0.52 μM); however, when compared to a hepatic C-type lectin of a similar monosaccharide specificity, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the binding affinity was more noticeably affected (KD = 0.37- 6.65 μM). These data suggest that known differences in the specific configuration/orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of MGL and ASGPR are responsible for the differences in binding observed between the different polymers of varied chain length and architecture. In the future, this model has the potential to be employed for the development of tissue-selective delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anne S Gleinich
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - David M Haddleton
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Daniel A Mitchell
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilson
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
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Guo J, Li W, Xue W, Ye XS. Transition State-Based Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Mimicking Oxocarbenium Ion by Simple Amide. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2135-2141. [PMID: 28165727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the new transition-state based sialyltransferase inhibitors, an amide group was placed at the corresponding C-2 position of CMP-sialic acid to mimic the geometry and charge distribution in the transition state, and simple aromatic or aliphatic rings were used instead of the sialic acid moiety. All synthetic compounds exhibited excellent α(2-6)-sialyltransferase inhibition, resulting in up to a 2600-fold higher affinity for the enzyme than CMP-Neu5Ac, suggesting that amide is a key element for simulating transition-state features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road no. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road no. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Daxuecheng South Road no. 55, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Xue Yuan Road no. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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63
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Kollmorgen G, Rüger R. The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:1-15. [PMID: 28031234 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are important contributors to cell-cell communication and their role as diagnostic markers for cancer and the pathogenesis for cancer is under intensive investigation. Here, we focus on their role in metastasis-related processes. We discuss their impact regarding promotion of invasion and migration of tumor cells, conditioning of lymph nodes, generation of premetastatic niches and organotropism of metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight interactions of exosomes with bone marrow and stromal components such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, myeloid- and other immune-related cells in the context of metastases. For all processes as described above, we outline molecular and cellular components for therapeutic intervention with metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman La-Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gwen Kollmorgen
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rüger
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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64
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Bioinformatics insight into glycosyltransferase gene expression in gastric cancer: POFUT1 is a potential biomarker. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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65
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Sethi MK, Hancock WS, Fanayan S. Identifying N-Glycan Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer by Mass Spectrometry. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2099-2106. [PMID: 27653471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Delineating biological markers (biomarkers) for early detection, when treatment is most effective, is key to prevention and long-term survival of patients. Development of reliable biomarkers requires an increased understanding of the CRC biology and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the disease. With recent advances in new technologies and approaches, tremendous efforts have been put in proteomics and genomics fields to deliver detailed analysis of the two major biomolecules, genes and proteins, to gain a more complete understanding of cellular systems at both genomic and proteomic levels, allowing a mechanistic understanding of the human diseases, including cancer, and opening avenues for identification of novel gene and protein based prognostic and therapeutic markers. Although the importance of glycosylation in modulating protein function has long been appreciated, glycan analysis has been complicated by the diversity of the glycan structures and the large number of potential glycosylation combinations. Driven by recent technological advances, LC-MS/MS based glycomics is gaining momentum in cancer research and holds considerable potential to deliver new glycan-based markers. In our laboratory, we investigated alterations in N-glycosylation associated with CRC malignancy in a panel of CRC cell lines and CRC patient tissues. In an initial study, LC-MS/MS-based N-glycomics were utilized to map the N-glycome landscape associated with a panel of CRC cell lines (LIM1215, LIM1899, and LIM2405). These studies were subsequently extended to paired tumor and nontumorigenic CRC tissues to validate the findings in the cell line. Our studies in both CRC cell lines and tissues identified a strong representation of high mannose and α2,6-linked sialylated complex N-glycans, which corroborate findings from previous studies in CRC and other cancers. In addition, certain unique glycan determinants such as bisecting β1,4-GlcNAcylation and α2,3-sialylation, identified in the metastatic (LIM1215) and aggressive (LIM2405) CRC cell lines, respectively, were shown to be associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression status. In this Account, we will describe the mass spectrometry based N-glycomics approach utilized in our laboratory to accurately profile the cell- and tissue-specific N-glycomes associated with CRC. We will highlight altered N-glycosylation observed by our studies, consistent with findings from other cancer studies, and discuss how the observed alterations can provide insights into CRC pathogenesis, opening new avenues to identify novel disease-associated glycan markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K. Sethi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - William S. Hancock
- Barnett
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Susan Fanayan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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66
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Trant JF, Jain N, Mazzuca DM, McIntosh JT, Fan B, Haeryfar SMM, Lecommandoux S, Gillies ER. Synthesis, self-assembly, and immunological activity of α-galactose-functionalized dendron-lipid amphiphiles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17694-17704. [PMID: 27714067 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoassemblies presenting multivalent displays of biologically active carbohydrates are of significant interest for a wide array of biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery to immunotherapy. In this study, glycodendron-lipid hybrids were developed as a new and tunable class of dendritic amphiphiles. A modular synthesis was used to prepare dendron-lipid hybrids comprising distearylglycerol and 0 through 4th generation polyester dendrons with peripheral protected amines. Following deprotection of the amines, an isothiocyanate derivative of C-linked α-galactose (α-Gal) was conjugated to the dendron peripheries, affording amphiphiles with 1 to 16 α-Gal moieties. Self-assembly in water through a solvent exchange process resulted in vesicles for the 0 through 2nd generation systems and micelles for the 3rd and 4th generation systems. The critical aggregation concentrations decreased with increasing dendron generation, suggesting that the effects of increasing molar mass dominated over the effects of increasing the hydrophilic weight fraction. The binding of the assemblies to Griffonia simplicifolia Lectin I (GSL 1), a protein with specificity for α-Gal was studied by quantifying the binding of fluorescently labeled assemblies to GSL 1-coated beads. It was found that binding was enhanced for amphiphiles containing higher generation dendrons. Despite their substantial structural differences with the natural ligands for the CD1d receptor, the glycodendron-lipid hybrids were capable of stimulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a class of innate-like T cells that recognize lipid and glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d and that are implicated in a wide range of diseases and conditions including but not limited to infectious diseases, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Namrata Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Delfina M Mazzuca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - James T McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Sebastien Lecommandoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP ENSCBP, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organique (LCPO), UMR 5629, 16 avenue Pey Berland, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7. and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B9
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67
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Biotechnological production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides: Prokaryotic fucosyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades or whole cell conversion systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:61-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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68
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Li C, Wang LX. Endoglycosidases for the Synthesis of Polysaccharides and Glycoconjugates. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:73-116. [PMID: 27816108 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in glycobiology have implicated essential roles of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in many important biological recognition processes, including intracellular signaling, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, cancer progression, host-pathogen interactions, and immune responses. A detailed understanding of the biological functions, as well as the development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics, often requires structurally well-defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which are usually difficult to isolate in pure form from natural sources. To meet with this urgent need, chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis has become increasingly important as the major means to provide homogeneous compounds for functional glycocomics studies and for drug/vaccine development. Chemoenzymatic synthesis, an approach that combines chemical synthesis and enzymatic manipulations, is often the method of choice for constructing complex oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates that are otherwise difficult to achieve by purely chemical synthesis. Among these, endoglycosidases, a class of glycosidases that hydrolyze internal glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates and polysaccharides, are emerging as a very attractive class of enzymes for synthetic purposes, due to their transglycosylation activity and their capability of transferring oligosaccharide units en bloc in a single step, in contrast to the limitation of monosaccharide transfers by common glycosyltransferases. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the application of endoglycosidases for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates, including oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, and other biologically relevant polysaccharides. The scope, limitation, and future directions of endoglycosidase-catalyzed synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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69
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Chen J, Gao J, Zhang M, Cai M, Xu H, Jiang J, Tian Z, Wang H. Systemic localization of seven major types of carbohydrates on cell membranes by dSTORM imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30247. [PMID: 27453176 PMCID: PMC4958959 DOI: 10.1038/srep30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates on the cell surface control intercellular interactions and play a vital role in various physiological processes. However, their systemic distribution patterns are poorly understood. Through the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) strategy, we systematically revealed that several types of representative carbohydrates are found in clustered states. Interestingly, the results from dual-color dSTORM imaging indicate that these carbohydrate clusters are prone to connect with one another and eventually form conjoined platforms where different functional glycoproteins aggregate (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor, (EGFR) and band 3 protein). A thorough understanding of the ensemble distribution of carbohydrates on the cell surface paves the way for elucidating the structure-function relationship of cell membranes and the critical roles of carbohydrates in various physiological and pathological cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Junguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
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70
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Chen J, Gao J, Cai M, Xu H, Jiang J, Tian Z, Wang H. Mechanistic insights into the distribution of carbohydrate clusters on cell membranes revealed by dSTORM imaging. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13611-13619. [PMID: 27362510 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02513g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates play significant roles in many physiological processes and act as primary markers to indicate various cellular physiological states. The functions of carbohydrates are always associated with their expression and distribution on cell membranes. Based on our previous work, we found that carbohydrates tend to form clusters; however, the underlying mechanism of these clusters remains unknown. Through the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) strategy, we found that with the contributions of lipid raft as a stable factor and actin cytoskeleton as a restrictive factor, carbohydrate clusters can stably exist with restricted size. Additionally, we revealed that the formation of most carbohydrate clusters (Gal and GlcANc clusters) depended on the carbohydrate-binding proteins (i.e., galectins) cross-linking their specific carbohydrate ligands. Our results clarify the organizational mechanism of carbohydrates on cell surfaces from their formation, stable existence and size-restriction, which promotes a better understanding of the relationship between the function and distribution of carbohydrates, as well as the structure of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
| | - Junguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.
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71
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Natoni A, Macauley MS, O'Dwyer ME. Targeting Selectins and Their Ligands in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:93. [PMID: 27148485 PMCID: PMC4834419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer cells with increased evidence pointing to a role in tumor progression. In particular, aberrant sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been linked to increased immune cell evasion, drug evasion, drug resistance, tumor invasiveness, and vascular dissemination, leading to metastases. Hypersialylation of cancer cells is largely the result of overexpression of sialyltransferases (STs). Differentially, humans express twenty different STs in a tissue-specific manner, each of which catalyzes the attachment of sialic acids via different glycosidic linkages (α2-3, α2-6, or α2-8) to the underlying glycan chain. One important mechanism whereby overexpression of STs contributes to an enhanced metastatic phenotype is via the generation of selectin ligands. Selectin ligand function requires the expression of sialyl-Lewis X and its structural isomer sialyl-Lewis A, which are synthesized by the combined action of alpha α1-3-fucosyltransferases, α2-3-sialyltransferases, β1-4-galactosyltranferases, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyltransferases. The α2-3-sialyltransferases ST3Gal4 and ST3Gal6 are critical to the generation of functional E- and P-selectin ligands and overexpression of these STs have been linked to increased risk of metastatic disease in solid tumors and poor outcome in multiple myeloma. Thus, targeting selectins and their ligands as well as the enzymes involved in their generation, in particular STs, could be beneficial to many cancer patients. Potential strategies include ST inhibition and the use of selectin antagonists, such as glycomimetic drugs and antibodies. Here, we review ongoing efforts to optimize the potency and selectivity of ST inhibitors, including the potential for targeted delivery approaches, as well as evaluate the potential utility of selectin inhibitors, which are now in early clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Natoni
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway , Ireland
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Michael E O'Dwyer
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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72
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Nardy AFFR, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. The Sweet Side of Immune Evasion: Role of Glycans in the Mechanisms of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27014629 PMCID: PMC4783415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are part of the essential components of a cell. These compounds play a fundamental role in several physiopathological processes, including cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis development. Glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumor immunogenecity, interfering with tumor editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The involvement of glycans in cancer progression is related to glycosylation alterations. Understanding such changes is, therefore, extremely useful to set the stage for their use as biomarkers, improving the diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss the basis of how modifications in glycosylation patterns may contribute to cancer genesis and progression as well as their importance in oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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73
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Structural characterization of a Vatairea macrocarpa lectin in complex with a tumor-associated antigen: A new tool for cancer research. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 72:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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74
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Lu J, Isaji T, Im S, Fukuda T, Kameyama A, Gu J. Expression of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III Suppresses α2,3-Sialylation, and Its Distinctive Functions in Cell Migration Are Attributed to α2,6-Sialylation Levels. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5708-5720. [PMID: 26801611 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III), which catalyzes the addition of the bisecting GlcNAc branch on N-glycans, is usually described as a metastasis suppressor. Overexpression of GnT-III inhibited migration in multiple types of tumor cells. However, these results seem controversial to the clinical observations for the increased expression of GnT-III in human hepatomas, glioma, and ovarian cancers. Here, we present evidence that these inconsistencies are mainly attributed to the different expression pattern of cell sialylation. In detail, we show that overexpression of GnT-III significantly inhibits α2,3-sialylation but not α2,6-sialylation. The migratory ability of cells without or with a low level of α2,6-sialylation is consistently suppressed after GnT-III overexpression. In contrast, the effects of GnT-III overexpression are variable in tumor cells that are highly α2,6-sialylated. Overexpression of GnT-III promotes the cell migration in glioma cells U-251 and hepatoma cells HepG2, although it has little influence in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and gastric cancer cell MKN-45. Interestingly, up-regulation of α2,6-sialylation by overexpressing β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltranferase 1 in the α2,6-hyposialylated HeLa-S3 cells abolishes the anti-migratory effects of GnT-III. Conversely, depletion of α2,6-sialylation by knock-out of β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltranferase 1 in α2,6-hypersialylated HepG2 cells endows GnT-III with the anti-migratory ability. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that high expression of α2,6-sialylation on the cell surface could affect the anti-migratory role of GnT-III, which provides an insight into the mechanistic roles of GnT-III in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishun Lu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Sanghun Im
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- the Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and.
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75
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Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Hauke R, Krishn SR, Paknikar S, Seshacharyulu P, Karmakar S, Nimmakayala RK, Kaushik G, Johansson SL, Carey GB, Ponnusamy MP, Kaur S, Batra SK, Ganti AK. MUC5AC interactions with integrin β4 enhances the migration of lung cancer cells through FAK signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4112-21. [PMID: 26751774 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MUC5AC is a secretory mucin aberrantly expressed in various cancers. In lung cancer, MUC5AC is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions; however, its functional role is not well understood. The present study was aimed at evaluating mechanistic role of MUC5AC on metastasis of lung cancer cells. Clinically, the overexpression of MUC5AC was observed in lung cancer patient tissues and was associated with poor survival. In addition, the overexpression of Muc5ac was also observed in genetically engineered mouse lung adenocarcinoma tissues (Kras(G12D); Trp53(R172H/+); AdCre) in comparison with normal lung tissues. Our functional studies showed that MUC5AC knockdown resulted in significantly decreased migration in two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1437) as compared with scramble cells. Expression of integrins (α5, β1, β3, β4 and β5) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. As both integrins and MUC5AC have a von Willebrand factor domain, we assessed for possible interaction of MUC5AC and integrins in lung cancer cells. MUC5AC strongly interacted only with integrin β4. The co-localization of MUC5AC and integrin β4 was observed both in A549 lung cancer cells as well as genetically engineered mouse adenocarcinoma tissues. Activated integrins recruit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that mediates metastatic downstream signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of FAK (Y397) was decreased in MUC5AC knockdown cells. MUC5AC/integrin β4/FAK-mediated lung cancer cell migration was confirmed through experiments utilizing a phosphorylation (Y397)-specific FAK inhibitor. In conclusion, overexpression of MUC5AC is a poor prognostic marker in lung cancer. MUC5AC interacts with integrin β4 that mediates phosphorylation of FAK at Y397 leading to lung cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Hauke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S R Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Paknikar
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R K Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S L Johansson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G B Carey
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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76
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Abstract
Unprecedented advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy during the last 15 years are predominantly based on our increasing understanding of the pathophysiologic role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, new treatment paradigms, which incorporate thalidomide, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and proteasome inhibitors, target the tumor cell as well as its BM microenvironment. Ongoing translational research aims to understand in more detail how disordered BM-niche functions contribute to MM pathogenesis and to identify additional derived targeting agents. One of the most exciting advances in the field of MM treatment is the emergence of immune therapies including elotuzumab, daratumumab, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTes), and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. This chapter will review our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the BM microenvironment and discuss derived novel agents that hold promise to further improve outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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77
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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78
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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79
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Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:490531. [PMID: 26509158 PMCID: PMC4609776 DOI: 10.1155/2015/490531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries with approximately 14 million newly diagnosed individuals and over 6 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. Many cancers are discovered at a more advanced stage but better survival rates are correlated with earlier detection. Current clinically approved cancer biomarkers are most effective when applied to patients with widespread cancer. Single biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity have not been identified for the most common cancers and some biomarkers are ineffective for the detection of early stage cancers. Thus, novel biomarkers with better diagnostic and prognostic performance are required. Aberrant protein glycosylation is well known hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Glycoproteins enter circulation from tissues or blood cells through active secretion or leakage and patient serum is an attractive option as a source for biomarkers from a clinical and diagnostic perspective. A plethora of technical approaches have been developed to address the challenges of glycosylation structure detection and determination. This review summarises currently utilised glycoprotein biomarkers and novel glycosylation-based biomarkers from the serum glycoproteome under investigation as cancer diagnostics and for monitoring and prognostics and includes details of recent high throughput and other emerging glycoanalytical techniques.
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80
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Lee J, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. A new method for detection of tumor driver-dependent changes of protein sialylation in a colon cancer cell line reveals nectin-3 as TGFBR2 target. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1686-94. [PMID: 26177744 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-linked glycans play key roles in cell differentiation, cell-cell interactions, cell growth, adhesion and immune response. Aberrant glycosylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells and is involved in tumor growth, escape from apoptosis, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapy. It can serve as cancer biomarker and treatment target. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of tumor driving mutations in colorectal cancer cells we present a method for specific analysis of tumor driver-induced glycome changes. The strategy is based on a combination of three technologies, that is recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), Click-It chemistry and mass spectrometry. The new method is exemplified by the analysis of the impact of inactivating mutations of the TGF-ß-receptor type II (TGFBR2) on sialic acid incorporation into protein-linked glycans of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. Overall, 70 proteins were found to show de novo sialic acid incorporation exclusively upon TGFBR2 expression whereas 7 proteins lost sialylation upon TGFBR2 reconstitution. Validation of detected candidate glycoproteins is demonstrated with the cell surface glycoprotein nectin-3 known to be involved in metastasis, invasion and prognosis of various cancers. Altogether, our new approach can help to systematically puzzle out the influence of tumor-specific mutations in a major signaling pathway, as exemplified by the TGFBR2 tumor suppressor, on the tumor glycome. It facilitates the identification of glycan-based tumor markers that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In principle the outlined strategy can be adapted to any cancer cell line, tumor driver mutation and several glycan-building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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81
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Medzihradszky KF, Kaasik K, Chalkley RJ. Tissue-Specific Glycosylation at the Glycopeptide Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2103-10. [PMID: 25995273 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the enrichment and mass spectrometric analysis of intact glycopeptides from mouse liver, which yielded site-specific N- and O-glycosylation data for ∼ 130 proteins. Incorporation of different sialic acid variants in both N- and O-linked glycans was observed, and the importance of using both collisional activation and electron transfer dissociation for glycopeptide analysis was illustrated. The N-glycan structures of predicted lysosomal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secreted and transmembrane proteins were compared. The data suggest that protein N-glycosylation differs depending on cellular location. The glycosylation patterns of several mouse liver and mouse brain glycopeptides were compared. Tissue-specific differences in glycosylation were observed between sites within the same protein: Some sites displayed a similar spectrum of glycan structures in both tissues, whereas for others no overlap was observed. We present comparative brain/liver glycosylation data on 50 N-glycosylation sites from 34 proteins and 13 O-glycosylation sites from seven proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin F Medzihradszky
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street Genentech Hall, N474A, Box 2240, San Francisco, California 94158-2517
| | - Krista Kaasik
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street Genentech Hall, N474A, Box 2240, San Francisco, California 94158-2517
| | - Robert J Chalkley
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street Genentech Hall, N474A, Box 2240, San Francisco, California 94158-2517
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82
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Lu J, Gu J. Significance of β-Galactoside α2,6 Sialyltranferase 1 in Cancers. Molecules 2015; 20:7509-27. [PMID: 25919275 PMCID: PMC6272632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. It takes a variety of forms, which includes loss of expression or excessive expression of some structures, the accumulation of precursors, the appearance of novel structures, etc. Notably, these changes in glycan structure do not occur as a random consequence of disorder biology. Only a limited subset of oligosaccharides is found frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival and accumulating evidence points to the alteration occurring in the sialic acid linkage to other sugars, which normally exists in three main configurations: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three configurations has been described in cancer progression. However, the increased α2,6 sialylation catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltranferase 1 (ST6Gal I) is frequently observed in many types of the cancers. In this review, we describe the findings on the role of ST6Gal I in cancer progression, and highlight in particular the knowledge of how ST6Gal I-mediated α2,6 sialylated glycans or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to promote the malignant phenotype of human carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishun Lu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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