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Pan S, Chen A, Han Z, Wang Y, Lu X, Yang Y. 1H NMR-based metabonomic study on the effects of Epimedium on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1038:118-126. [PMID: 27810280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of many immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. Epimedium is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for treating osteoporosis. In the present study, we systematically analysed the metabonomic characteristics of GIO model rats and elucidated the therapeutic effect of Epimedium by using a 1H NMR-based metabonomic approach in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Rats in treatment and model groups were injected with dexamethasone (0.1mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Simultaneously, two treatment groups were orally administered Epimedium (10g/kg/day) or Alendronate (1.2mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. In GIO model rats, lipid and lactate levels in serum were increased, while creatine/creatinine, PC/GPC, taurine, glycine and β-glucose levels were decreased. In urine, GIO rats had higher levels of phenylacetylglycine but lower levels of 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, creatine/creatinine, taurine, PC/GPC and hippurate than controls. Epimedium reversed the aforementioned metabolic alterations in multiple metabolic pathways involved in energy, lipid, amino acid and phospholipid metabolism and gut microbiota derangement. Our results indicated that Epimedium had significant effects in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. It is concluded that 1H NMR metabonomics is a useful method for studying the metabolic effects of traditional Chinese medicine from a systematic and holistic view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Pan
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ali Chen
- School of Medicine and Chemical Industry, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yaling Wang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Zhang ND, Han T, Huang BK, Rahman K, Jiang YP, Xu HT, Qin LP, Xin HL, Zhang QY, Li YM. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis: Implication for antiosteoporotic drug discovery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:61-80. [PMID: 27180315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoporosis is a chronic epidemic which can leads to enhanced bone fragility and consequent an increase in fracture risk. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas have a long history of use in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Antiosteoporotic TCM formulas have conspicuous advantage over single drugs. Systematic data mining of the existing antiosteoporotic TCM formulas database can certainly help the drug discovery processes and help the identification of safe candidates with synergistic formulations. In this review, the authors summarize the clinical use and animal experiments of TCM formulas and their mechanism of action, and discuss the potential antiosteoporotic activity and the active constituents of commonly used herbs in TCM formulas for the therapy of osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature was searched from Medline, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Spring Link, Web of Science, CNKI and VIP database from 1989 to 2015, and also collected from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia with key words such as osteoporosis, osteoblast, osteoclast, traditional Chinese medicine formulas to identify studies on the antiosteoporotic effects of TCM formulas, herbs and chemical constituents, and also their possible mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-three TCM formulas were commonly used to treat osteoporosis, and showed significant antiosteoporotic effects in human and animal. The herb medicines and their chemical constituents in TCM formulas were summarized, the pharmacological effects and chemical constituents of commonly used herbs in TCM formulas were described in detail. The action mechanisms of TCM formulas and their chemical constituents were described. Finally, the implication for the discovery of antiosteoporotic leads and combinatory ingredients from TCM formulas were prospectively discussed. CONCLUSIONS Clinical practice and animal experiments indicate that TCM formulas provide a definite therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The active constituents in TCM formulas are diverse in chemical structure, and include flavonoids, lignans, saponins and iridoid glycosides. Antiosteoporotic mechanism of TCM formulas and herbs involves multi regulatory pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad, MAPK pathway and RANKL/OPG system. Phytochemicals from TCM formulas and their compositional herb medicines offer great potential for the development of novel antiosteoporotic drugs. The active ingredients in TCM formulas can be developed in combination as potent drugs, which may exhibit better antiosteoporotic effects compared to the individual compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bao-Kang Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, LiverpoolL3 3AF, UK
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Min Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Tao X, Qi Y, Xu L, Yin L, Han X, Xu Y, Wang C, Sun H, Peng J. Dioscin reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss by enhancing osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:90-101. [PMID: 27155058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that dioscin can promote osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation in vitro, but its anti-osteoporosis effect in vivo and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present work, the results showed that dioscin significantly increased the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells, ALP level and alizarin red S staining area, markedly decreased the numbers of RANKL-induced TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and bone resorption pits formation, enhanced the levels of some osteogenic markers including COL1A2, ALP and OC, which suggested that dioscin clearly promoted osteoblasts proliferation and suppressed osteoclasts formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that dioscin obviously reduced OVX-induced body weight increase, and improved the biochemical indexes including ALP, StrACP, OC, DPD/Cr, HOP/Cr, BMD, biomechanics and microarchitecture. Moreover, H&E, TB, TRAP staining, and fluorescent double labeling tests indicated that dioscin enhanced osteoblastogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Further researches demonstrated that dioscin promoted osteoblastogenesis through up-regulating OPG/RANKL ratio, and inhibited osteoclastogenesis through down-regulating the levels of RANKL induced TRAF6 and the downstream signal molecules including MAPKs, Akt, NF-κB, AP-1, cathepsin K and NFATc1. In addition, dioscin also inhibited TLR4/MyD88 pathway to decrease the levels of TRAF6 and the related proteins. These findings provide new insights to elucidate the effects of dioscin against OVX-induced bone loss, which should be developed as a potential candidate for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Health-Promoting Properties of Eucommia ulmoides: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5202908. [PMID: 27042191 PMCID: PMC4793136 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5202908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides (EU) (also known as “Du Zhong” in Chinese language) is a plant containing various kinds of chemical constituents such as lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, and other compounds. These constituents of EU possess various medicinal properties and have been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM) as a folk drink and functional food for several thousand years. EU has several pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiaging, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Hence, it has been widely used solely or in combination with other compounds to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, sexual dysfunction, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurological diseases. This review paper summarizes the various active ingredients contained in EU and their health-promoting properties, thus serving as a reference material for the application of EU.
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Che CT, Wong MS, Lam CWK. Natural Products from Chinese Medicines with Potential Benefits to Bone Health. Molecules 2016; 21:239. [PMID: 26927052 PMCID: PMC6274145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic bone disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and microstructure, leading to reduced bone strength and increased risk of fracture. It is often associated with reduced quality of life and other medical complications. The disease is common in the aging population, particularly among postmenopausal women and patients who receive long-term steroidal therapy. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of bone loss, and financial burden to the healthcare system and individuals, demand for new therapeutic agents and nutritional supplements for the management and promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source to offer benefits for the improvement and maintenance of bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information obtained from recent literatures on the chemical ingredients of Chinese medicinal plants that have been reported to possess osteoprotective and related properties in cell-based and/or animal models. Some of these natural products (or their derivatives) may become promising leads for development into dietary supplements or therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Man Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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An J, Hu F, Wang C, Zhang Z, Yang L, Wang Z. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five active ingredients of Eucommiae cortex in normal and ovariectomized mice by UHPLC-MS/MS. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:793-804. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1129470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, PR China, and
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China,
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Weng ZB, Gao QQ, Wang F, Zhao GH, Yin FZ, Cai BC, Chen ZP, Li WD. Positive skeletal effect of two ingredients of Psoralea corylifolia L. on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and the possible mechanisms of action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 417:103-13. [PMID: 26419930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is utilized as a major regime for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis at present. However, long-term supplement of estrogen may cause uterine hyperplasia and hypertension leading to a high risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Psoralea corylifolia L. has long been used as tonic and food additives in many countries. Previous studies had found two ingredients in P. corylifolia L.: bavachin and bakuchiol exhibited osteoblastic activity. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of bakuchiol and bavachin on ovariectomy-induced bone loss and explore the possible mechanism. In vivo, bakuchiol and bavachin could prevented estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized rats without uterotrophic activity. In vitro studies suggested that bakuchiol and bavachin induced primary human osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating the Wnt signalling pathway. This study suggests that such a bone-protective role makes them a promising and safe estrogen supplement for the ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian-Qian Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Gen-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation marker expressions in osteoblast-like saos-2 cells by Eucommia ulmoides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-015-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li L, Guo Y, Zhao L, Zu Y, Gu H, Yang L. Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Simultaneous Extraction for Preparation of Genipin from Bark of Eucommia ulmoides after Ultrasound, Microwave Pretreatment. Molecules 2015; 20:18717-31. [PMID: 26501242 PMCID: PMC6332333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous process based on the combination of ultrasounds and/or microwaves pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous extraction (EHSE) has been proposed to recover genipin from Eucommia ulmoides bark. At first, in the pretreatment step, the mixture of 1.0 g dried bark powder and 10 mL deionized water were irradiated by microwave under 500 W for 10 min. Then, in hydrolysis step, the optimal conditions were as follows: 0.5 mg/mL of cellulase concentration, 4.0 pH of enzyme solution, 24 h of incubation time and 40 °C of incubation temperature. After incubation, 10 mL ethanol was added to extract genipin for 30 min by ultrasound. After EHSE treatment, the yield of genipin could reach 1.71 μmol/g. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs illustrated that severe structural disruption of plant was obtained by EHSE. The results indicated that the EHSE method provided a good alternative for the preparation of genipin from Eucommia ulmoides bark as well as other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yupin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Lianfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Huiyan Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
- State Engineering Laboratory for Bioresource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Noorafshan A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Tanideh N, Koohpeyma F, Rasooli R, Hajihoseini M, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Hosseinabadi OK. Stereological study of the effect of black olive hydroalcoholic extract on osteoporosis in vertebra and tibia in ovariectomized rats. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2299-307. [PMID: 26174878 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A cocktail of many different antioxidants might be more effective than supplementation with a single molecule, and it closely resembles the natural environment in which active compounds were found. This is the first study well-grounded in stereological examination that showed that black olive extract effectively can ameliorate the quantitative changes of the bone structure and prevented bone loss in this osteoporosis animal model. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of black olive extract consumption on treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) induced osteoporosis in rats. This is the first study well-grounded in stereological examination. METHODS Ninety adult rats were allocated to control, sham-operated, OVX, and olive-supplemented OVX groups (received 250-, 500-, and 750-mg/kg body weight black olive hydroalcoholic extract orally) for 16 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected, and plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were assayed. Then, the specimens from both the tibia and fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) bones were processed, and stereological analysis was performed. RESULTS Administration of extract resulted in decrease of alkaline phosphatase level during the treatment. After treatment of OVX rats with three doses of extract, the total number of the osteocytes revealed an increment in 500- and 750-mg/kg treated groups in comparison to the OVX group. This increment was significant only in L5. Compared to the OVX group, a significant increase was observed in the number of osteoblastsin L5 vertebra in three doses of extract-treated groups. However, this increment in tibia was statistically significant only in 750-mg/kg black olive hydroalcoholic extract-treated group. Moreover, the number of osteoclast cells were significantly decreased in vertebra and tibia in the treated groups compared to the OVX group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Black olive hydroalcoholic extract effectively can ameliorate the quantitative changes of the bone structure and prevented bone loss in this osteoporosis animal model. Thus, it can be a promising candidate for treatment of accelerated bone loss especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
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Deng YT, Kang WB, Zhao JN, Liu G, Zhao MG. Osteoprotective Effect of Echinocystic Acid, a Triterpone Component from Eclipta prostrata, in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporotic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136572. [PMID: 26317835 PMCID: PMC4552887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA) is a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs and has been used for medicinal purposes in China. In the present study, we systematically examined the effects of EA on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats for the first time. Three-month-old female ovariectomy (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of EA. Results showed that administration of EA (5 or 15 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks prevented lower levels of maximum stress and Young's modulus of femur induced by OVX. EA also recovered bone metabolic biomarkers levels in OVX rats, including osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatese, deoxypyridinoline, and urinary calcium and phosphorus. EA (5 and 15 mg/kg/day) could prevent the alteration of total bone mineral density in the femur caused by OVX. However, only high dose (15 mg/kg/day) of EA significantly improved trabecular architecture, as evidenced by higher levels of bone volume/tissue volume, trabecula number, and trabecula thickness, and lower levels of trabecula separation and structure model index compared with OVX rats. In addition, EA treatment decresed the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in OVX rats. In conclusion, EA could prevent reduction of bone mass and strength and improve the cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties in OVX rats. Hence, EA may serve as a new candidate or a leading compound for anti-osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ting Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-bo Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JNZ); (GL); (MGZ)
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Abstract
Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi therapy, which refers to reinforcing kidney, regulating qi, and invigorating spleen, is a traditional Chinese medicine, and we investigated its efficacy in treatment of alcohol-induced osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into alcohol-supplemented group, JIAN-GU-LING (JGL) group, calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group, and sham-treated group. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone biomechanical properties were assessed. Biochemical analyses of serum and urine specimens were detected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA level of vitamin D receptor (VDR). There were markedly lower bone metabolic markers and biomechanical properties in alcohol-supplemented group compared with sham-treated group (all P < 0.05). BMD, BMC, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were elevated in JGL group relative to calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (all P < 0.05). U-Ca/Cr and U-P/Cr in JGL group were higher than those in the calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (all P < 0.05). VDR mRNA level in the JGL group was elevated markedly in comparison with alcohol + calcium D3 + alfacalcidol group (P < 0.05). Based on our results, Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Yi-Qi therapy inhibits bone loss, promotes bone formation, and effectively improves bone metabolism in rats with experimental alcoholic osteoporosis. The disease reversal is evidenced by increased BMD and BMC, improved biomechanical properties, elevated VDR mRNA level, enhanced response sensitivity of 1, 25(OH)2D3, and reduced S-Ca/P.
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Hu F, An J, Li W, Zhang Z, Chen W, Wang C, Wang Z. UPLC-MS/MS determination and gender-related pharmacokinetic study of five active ingredients in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia cortex extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:145-155. [PMID: 25910535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommiae cortex (EC), the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., has been traditionally used to treat many diseases in China for more than 2000 years. The pharmacological effects are primarily attributed to the presence of lignans, iridoids and phenolics, which are main active ingredients in EC. AIM OF THE STUDY First, to investigate the active ingredients that can be absorbed into the rat plasma according to which ingredients exhibit significant correlation of drug concentration-time curve. Second, to establish an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of ingredients absorbed in rat plasma. Finally, to investigate gender effect on the pharmacokinetics of the ingredients absorbed in male and female rats plasma after oral administration with EC extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 ingredients from EC were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, 9 out of 18 ingredients were absorbed into rat plasma. And 5 ingredients exhibit significant correlation of drug concentration-time curve. They were pinoresinol di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (PDG), geniposide (GE), geniposidic acid (GA), aucubin (AN) and chlorogenic acid (CA). The analytes were extracted from rat plasma via a simple protein precipitation procedure and osalmid was used as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column (2.1mm×100mm, 1.8μm) using a gradient elution program with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 0.3mLmin(-1). The detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode in a positive ion mode via electrospray ionization (ESI). The transition monitored were /z 683.00[M+H](+)→235.10 for PDG, / z 389.00[M+H](+)→208.80 for GE, m/z 375.00[M+H](+)→194.79 for GA, m/z 364.00[M+NH4](+)→148.81 for AN, m/z 355.10[M+H](+)→162.84 for CA and m/z 230.03[M+H](+)→120.77 for internal standard. RESULTS The developed method showed good linearity over a wide concentration range, the lower limits of quantification and higher accuracy and precision for determination of the 5 analytes. Then the method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics in rats, and the results indicated that there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of the analytes between the male and female rats, and absorptions of these analytes in male group were all significantly higher than those in female group. CONCLUSION This study established an efficient, sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the five ingredients in rat plasma, and it could be successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic studies in male and female rats after oral administration with EC extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi׳an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi׳an, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xie GP, Jiang N, Wang SN, Qi RZ, Wang L, Zhao PR, Liang L, Yu B. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark aqueous extract inhibits osteoarthritis in a rat model of osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:148-154. [PMID: 25575468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark (EU) is a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), but its therapeutic effect on OA and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Our previous study showed that Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark aqueous extract (EUE) had a protective effect on cartilage, and this study was aimed to investigate the anti-osteoarthritis effect and mechanisms of EUE in a rat model of osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two 5-week-old specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats which were randomized into four even groups (n=8). Group A received sham operation while the OA model was established using the modified Hulth technique in groups B, C and D. For eight weeks after operation, in addition to routine feeding, group A received gavage with deionized water, group B with deionized water, group C with 1.35 g/kg/day EUE, and group D with 2.7 g/kg/day EUE. Eight weeks postoperatively, all of the animals were euthanized for radiological, gross and histopathological observations to evaluate the effect of EUE on OA and to determine its potential mechanisms. RESULTS Radiological and histopathological observations showed that the articular degenerative changes were significantly more alleviated in groups C and D than in group B, while there were no obviously degenerative manifestations in group A. Mankin׳s scores in groups C and D were significantly lower than in group B (P<0.01). The severity of OA was significantly less in group D than in group C (P<0.01). The IL-1β and IL-6 contents in serum and MMP-3 secretion in articular cartilage were significantly lower in groups C and D than those in group B (P<0.01), and significantly lower in group D than those in group C (P<0.01). Compared with group B, phosphorylated Akt was significantly down-regulated in groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS EUE may inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway to delay cartilage degeneration, reduce inflammatory cytokines and prevent MMP-3 secretion. Therefore, EU is a potential therapeutic agent for OA, but its efficacy is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-ping Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China; Key laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Sheng-nan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Rui-zhen Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Pei-ran Zhao
- Key laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China; Key laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, PR China.
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Huang YX, Liu EW, Wang L, Huo Y, Wang Q, Olaleye O, Wang T, Gao XM. LC/MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic studies of six compounds in rat plasma following oral administration of the single and combined extracts of Eucommia ulmoides and Dipsacus asperoides. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:469-76. [PMID: 24969529 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish and apply a new LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous, quantitative determination of six ingredients, aucubin (AU), geniposide (GP), geniposidic acid (GPA), pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), secologanin (SLG), and loganin (LG) in single and combined extracts of Eucommia ulmoides and Dipsacus asperoides. METHOD Using the LC/MS/MS-ESI(-)-MRM mode to detect the six compounds, chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column, and the mobile phase consisted of solvent A (CH3CN) and solvent B (H2O containing 0.01% CH3COOH V/V). RESULTS This method was successfully applied to quantify the six compounds in rat plasma after oral administration, and showed good precision, accuracy, reproducibility, and linear regression (r(2)>0.99). CONCLUSION The results showed that following the use of the two medicinal plants, for AU and GP, the values of Cmax markedly increased, and the values of cmax markedly decreased. It was found that the compatibility of the medicinal plants might affect their pharmacokinetic properties of their constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xing Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Er-Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Olajide Olaleye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Chen HL, Tung YT, Chuang CH, Tu MY, Tsai TC, Chang SY, Chen CM. Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:589-99. [PMID: 25278298 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Kefir treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats could significantly decrease the levels of bone turnover markers and prevent OVX-induced bone loss, deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, and biomechanical dysfunction that may be due to increase intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased fracture risk. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age and occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, as the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts towards increased levels of bone resorption. Among various methods of prevention and treatment for osteoporosis, an increase in calcium intake is the most commonly recommended preventive measure. Kefir is a fermented milk product made with kefir grains that degrade milk proteins into various peptides with health-promoting effects, including immunomodulating-, antithrombotic-, antimicrobial-, and calcium-absorption-enhancing bioactivities. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kefir on osteoporosis prophylaxis in an ovariectomized rat model. A total of 56 16-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 7 experimental groups: sham (normal), OVX/Mock, OVX/1X kefir (164 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/2X kefir (328 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/4X kefir (656 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/ALN (2.5 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX/REBONE (800 mg/kg BW/day). After 12-week treatment with kefir, the bone physiology in the OVX rat model was investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible transport mechanism involved in calcium absorption using the Caco-2 human cell line. RESULTS A 12-week treatment with kefir on the OVX-induced osteoporosis model reduced the levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), bone turnover markers, and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.). Additionally, treatment with kefir increased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), and the biomechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of the distal femur with a dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, in in vitro assay, we found that kefir increased intracellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell through TRPV6 calcium channels and not through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels. CONCLUSION The protective effect of kefir in the OVX rat model may occur through increasing intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515, Taiwan
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Ye Q, Ma XQ, Hu CL, Lin B, Xu LS, Zheng CJ, Qin LP. Antiosteoporotic activity and constituents of Podocarpium podocarpum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:94-102. [PMID: 25636877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the antiosteoporotic properties of the ethanol extract of Podocarpium podocarpum (DC.) Yang et Huang (PE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to characterize the active constituents. As a result, PE significantly inhibited the increased urinary Ca excretion and activity of bone resorption markers including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), deoxypyridinoline crosslinks and cathepsin K in OVX rats, whereas exhibited little effects on the body, uterus and vagina weight. Detailed micro-CT analysis showed that PE notably enhanced bone quality, with increased bone mineral content (BMC), bone volume fraction (BVF), connectivity density (CD), tissue mineral content (TMC), tissue mineral density (TMD) and trabecular number (Tb. N), and decreased trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), in OVX animal. Those findings implied that PE had notable antiosteoporotic effect, especially effective in preventing bone resorption, with little side-effects on reproductive tissue. Further chemical investigation led to the isolation of 17 flavonoids, most of which showed significantly stimulatory effect on osteoblastic proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized nodes formation as well as inhibitory effect on osteoclastic TRAP activity in osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells. Our results indicated that PE, with abundant flavonoids, had remarkable antiosteoporotic activity and therefore can be a promising candidate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency through herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Qin Ma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, NingXia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chang-Ling Hu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Sheng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, NingXia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Niu Y, Li C, Pan Y, Li Y, Kong X, Wang S, Zhai Y, Wu X, Fan W, Mei Q. Treatment of Radix Dipsaci extract prevents long bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in hindlimb unloading rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:110-116. [PMID: 25243871 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.911920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radix Dipsaci is a kidney tonifying herbal medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. Previous studies have shown that Radix Dipsaci extract (RDE) could prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of RDE against bone loss induced by simulated microgravity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hindlimb unloading rat model was established to determine the effect of RDE on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): control (CON), hindlimb unloading with vehicle (HLU), hindlimb unloading treated with alendronate (HLU-ALN, 2.0 mg/kg/d), and hindlimb unloading treated with RDE (HLU-RDE, 500 mg/kg/d). RDE or ALN was administrated orally for 4 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with RDE had a positive effect on mechanical strength, BMD, BMC, bone turnover markers, and the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. MicroCT analysis showed that RDE significantly prevented the reduction of the bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number, thickness, tissue mineral density, and tissue mineral content as well as improved the trabecular separation and structure model index. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RDE was demonstrated to prevent the loss of bone mass induced by HLU treatment, which suggests the potential application of RDE in the treatment of microgravity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , PR China
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Wu WJ, Lee HY, Lee GH, Chae HJ, Ahn BY. The antiosteoporotic effects of Cheonggukjang containing vitamin k2 (menaquinone-7) in ovariectomized rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:1298-305. [PMID: 25259841 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) and cheonggukjang (CGJ) on the prevention of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss was studied in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: sham-operated; OVX control; OVX treated with MK-7 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 μg/day; and OVX treated with CGJ at doses of 0.063, 0.125, and 0.250 g/day referenced to MK-7 levels at 2, 4, and 8 μg/day, respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, the preventive effects of MK-7 and CGJ were evaluated by measuring body weights, serum levels of bone turnover markers, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitectural properties, and bone histological characteristics. Our results showed that rats treated with a high dose of MK-7 (8 μg/day) exhibited a minor inhibitory effect on OVX-induced bone loss, as indicated by a significant increase in trabecular number, as well as BMC and BMD (P<.01). Moreover, the preventive effects of MK-7 were augmented by administration of CGJ at the same MK-7 dose. In addition, the preventive effects of CGJ were shown to be dose dependent, with the highest dose (0.250 g/day) significantly (P<.01) increasing BMC and BMD by 31.8% and 47.6%, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that administration of CGJ containing abundant levels of MK-7 may be a promising approach for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Wu
- 1 Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, Korea
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Impact of ellagic acid in bone formation after tooth extraction: an experimental study on diabetic rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:908098. [PMID: 25485304 PMCID: PMC4251085 DOI: 10.1155/2014/908098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To estimate the impact of ellagic acid (EA) towards healing tooth socket in diabetic animals, after tooth extraction. Methods. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for this study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg (b.w.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ), to induce diabetic mellitus. Then, the animals were anesthetized, and the upper left central incisor was extracted and the whole extracted sockets were filled with Rosuvastatin (RSV). The rats were separated into three groups, comprising 8 rats each. The first group was considered as normal control group and orally treated with normal saline. The second group was regarded as diabetic control group and orally treated with normal saline, whereas the third group comprised diabetic rats, administrated with EA (50 mg/kg) orally. The maxilla tissue stained by eosin and hematoxylin (H&E) was used for histological examinations and immunohistochemical technique. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket by immunohistochemistry test. Results. The reactions of immunohistochemistry for FGF-2 and ALP presented stronger expression, predominantly in EA treated diabetic rat, than the untreated diabetic rat. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the administration of EA combined with RSV may have accelerated the healing process of the tooth socket of diabetic rats, after tooth extraction.
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Li C, Li Q, Liu R, Niu Y, Pan Y, Zhai Y, Mei Q. Medicinal herbs in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1-22. [PMID: 24467532 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease with wide prevalence, especially in the elderly population. Osteoporosis induced fractures not only decrease the patient's life quality, but also cause heavy financial burden to the society. Although current medications for osteoporosis are effective, numerous adverse effects have been observed accompanying their clinical applications. Effective prevention and therapy strategies with high safety are critical, which benefit both individual patients and the whole society. Traditional Chinese medicines have been used for thousands of years to treat bone related diseases in China and a number of modern preparations have been developed that are currently commercially available. In addition, several medicinal herbs demonstrated therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in animal models. This paper reviewed the anti-osteoporotic effects of traditional Chinese formulas, medicinal herbs and bioactive constituents based on clinical trials and in vivo animal studies. Due to the lack of rigorous studies to compare the effectiveness with conventional interventions, traditional formulas are recommended as alternative medications or supplements to treat osteoporosis at the current stage. Although there are abundant natural resources with anti-osteoporotic effects, either in the form of medicinal herbs or bioactive components, much work need to be accomplished before they are developed into potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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Pan Y, Niu Y, Li C, Zhai Y, Zhang R, Guo X, Mei Q. Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides) prevents disuse-induced osteoporosis in hind limb suspension rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:143-55. [PMID: 24467541 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Du-Zhong has a long history of being used in traditional Chinese formulas to treat bone related diseases. The objective of the present study is to systematically investigate the effects of Du-Zhong cortex extract (DZCE) on disuse-induced osteoporosis. Rats were randomly divided into four groups, and three groups were treated with hind limb suspension (HLS). Control and HLS group received deionized distilled water, while the other two groups received alendronate (2.0 mg/kg/day) and DZCE (300 mg/kg/day) respectively by intragastric gavage for six weeks (two weeks prior to and during the four weeks of HLS). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, assay of biochemical markers, and three-point bending test were employed to determine the effect of various treatments on bone mass, turnover, and strength. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microCT analysis. DZCE could effectively prevent the bone loss induced by HLS, which was indicated by decreased levels of bone turnover markers as well as the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus. The DZCE treatment also enhanced the biomechanical strength of bone and prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. DZCE administration was able to prevent disuse-induced osteoporosis by regulating the bone metabolism, suggesting that DZCE could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Pan
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China , Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Shin JS, Lee J, Kim MR, Shin BC, Lee MS, Ha IH. The long-term course of patients undergoing alternative and integrative therapy for lumbar disc herniation: 3-year results of a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2014. [PMCID: PMC4158220 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an integrative complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approach in the management of lumbar herniated disc (LHD) with sciatic pain and investigate pain relapse, use of medical care and surgery rates in patients who actively chose non-surgical CAM treatment for LHD. Study design/Setting This prospective observational study was undertaken at a Korean medicine hospital outpatient setting in Korea. Participants A total of 128 consecutive patients with LHD with a numeric rating scale for leg pain of ≥5 completed 6 months of CAM treatment after recruitment from November 2006, and 73/128 participants (57%) attended follow-up 3 years later. Interventions 6 months of CAM treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture, and Chuna manipulation). Primary outcome measures Visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey. Secondary outcome measures Neurological impairment (muscular weakness, sensory loss, Straight Leg Raise test), MRIs, recurrence of low back pain and/or radiating pain, and use of medical care. Results 92 patients could be assessed for surgical state, of whom 4 replied that they had received surgery. 73 patients attended the 3-year follow-up. The baseline VAS of back pain (4.37±2.70) decreased after treatment (0.90±1.01; p<0.001) and was maintained at 3 years (1.12±1.64; p=0.19). The baseline VAS of leg pain (7.57±1.40) also decreased on treatment (0.82±1.18; p<0.001) and was sustained at 3 years (0.99±1.58; p=0.34). ODI scores declined from 40.74±16.15 to 9.84±9.67 (p<0.001), then decreased further to 6.30±7.19 (p<0.01). SF-36 scores increased from 34.96±13.30 to 69.20±14.96 (p<0.001), reaching 76.19±14.45 (p<0.001) at 3 years. 37 patients reported recurrence of pain and most chose CAM treatment for management of relapse symptoms. Conclusions Although the absence of a control group prevents validation of effectiveness, many patients showed favourable long-term outcomes. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01989403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Shik Shin
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republicof Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republicof Korea
| | - Me-riong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republicof Korea
| | - Byung-Cheul Shin
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republicof Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republicof Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republicof Korea
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Abstract
CONTEXT Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in clinical practice to treat bone disease for thousands of years. They are cost-effective with fewer side effects and are more suitable for long-term use compared with chemically synthesized medicines. OBJECTIVE Chinese herbal formula prescribed among the CHMs is safe, and it is an alternative medicine for bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis. METHODS Science Direct and Google Scholar were used to search articles published. The input key words were CHM, osteoporosis, Chinese herbal formula, traditional Chinese medicine, single herb, multiple-herbs, and bone health. CHMs (single herb and formula) lacking sufficient proof and evidence in the literature were excluded and only those with high citation were retained. RESULTS A brief review was summarized to indicate the application and the potential mechanism of single herb formula and multi-herb formula in treating the common bone-related diseases such as inflammation, fracture, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. CONCLUSION In order to ensure safety and efficacy of all these CHMs, the prescriptions with single herb and multi-component formula must be verified and ensured by reliable pharmacological and toxicological methods. Much more effort needs to be done for studying the standardization, safety evaluation, and mechanism exploration of herb formula as well as confirming the compatibility of these herbs which make one.
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Preventive effect of crocin on osteoporosis in an ovariectomized rat model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:825181. [PMID: 25202337 PMCID: PMC4150429 DOI: 10.1155/2014/825181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of crocin on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group (sham) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, that is, OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 17β-estradiol (E2, 25 μg/kg/day), and OVX with graded crocin doses (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of E2 or crocin started 4 weeks after OVX and lasted for 16 weeks. Our results showed that crocin dose-dependently inhibited the BMD reduction of L4 vertebrae and femurs caused by OVX and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling as evidenced by the lower levels of bone turnover markers. Furthermore, crocin reversed the oxidative stress status in both serum and bone tissue. The present study indicates that the administration of crocin at higher doses over a 16-week period can prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats without hyperplastic effects on the uterus, which may, at least partially, be attributed to crocin's antioxidative property. In brief, crocin is a natural alternative for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment in elderly women.
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76
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Zhang R, Pan YL, Hu SJ, Kong XH, Juan W, Mei QB. Effects of total lignans from Eucommia ulmoides barks prevent bone loss in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:104-112. [PMID: 24786573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study systematically investigate the in vivo and in vitro effect of total lignans (TL) extracted from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. barks on bone formation using ovariectomy rat model and primary cultures of rat osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly assigned into sham-operated group (SHAM) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, i.e. OVX with vehicle (OVX); OVX with 17α-ethinylestradiol (E2, 25 μg/kg/day); OVX with TL of graded doses (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day). The treatment began 4 weeks after the surgery and lasted for 16 weeks. in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential mechanisms of the anti-osteoporotic effect of TL. RESULTS Treatment with TL significantly prevent OVX-induced decrease in biomechanical quality of femur such as maximum stress and Young׳s modulus. The mechanical changes were associated with the prevention of a further BMD decrease or even with some improvements in microarchitecture. TL inhibited BMD decrease in the femur caused by OVX, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling, as was evidenced by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers. μCT analysis of the femoral metaphysis showed how to prevent the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. TL induced primary osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through an increase in osteoprotegrin (OPG) and a decrease in NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that TL treatment can effectively suppress the loss of bone mass induced by OVX and in vitro evidence suggests this could be through actions on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an 710032, China
| | - Ya-Lei Pan
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi׳an 710072, China
| | - Shi-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an 710032, China
| | - Xiang-He Kong
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi׳an 710072, China
| | - Wang Juan
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi׳an 710072, China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an 710032, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi׳an 710072, China.
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Kim JY, Lee JI, Song M, Lee D, Song J, Kim SY, Park J, Choi HY, Kim H. Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extract on longitudinal bone growth rate in adolescent female rats. Phytother Res 2014; 29:148-53. [PMID: 25087723 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides is one of the popular tonic herbs for the treatment of low back pain and bone fracture and is used in Korean medicine to reinforce muscles and bones. This study was performed to investigate the effects of E. ulmoides extract on longitudinal bone growth rate, growth plate height, and the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in adolescent female rats. In two groups, we administered a twice-daily dosage of E. ulmoides extract (at 30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) per os over 4 days, and in a control group, we administered vehicle only under the same conditions. Longitudinal bone growth rate in newly synthesized bone was observed using tetracycline labeling. Chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate was observed using cresyl violet dye. In addition, we analyzed the expressions of BMP-2 and IGF-1 using immunohistochemistry. Eucommia ulmoides extract significantly increased longitudinal bone growth rate and growth plate height in adolescent female rats. In the immunohistochemical study, E. ulmoides markedly increased BMP-2 and IGF-1 expressions in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. In conclusion, E. ulmoides increased longitudinal bone growth rate by promoting chondrogenesis in the growth plate and the levels of BMP-2 and IGF-1. Eucommia ulmoides could be helpful for increasing bone growth in children who have growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the bone protective effect of phytoestrogens on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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79
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Chen FP, Chang CM, Hwang SJ, Chen YC, Chen FJ. Chinese herbal prescriptions for osteoarthritis in Taiwan: analysis of National Health Insurance dataset. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:91. [PMID: 24606767 PMCID: PMC3973832 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been commonly used for treating osteoarthritis in Asia for centuries. This study aimed to conduct a large-scale pharmaco-epidemiologic study and evaluate the frequency and patterns of CHM used in treating osteoarthritis in Taiwan. Methods A complete database (total 22,520,776 beneficiaries) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outpatient claims offered by the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan for the year 2002 was employed for this research. Patients with osteoarthritis were identified according to the diagnostic code of the International Classification of Disease among claimed visiting files. Corresponding prescription files were analyzed, and an association rule was applied to evaluate the co-prescription of CHM for treating osteoarthritis. Results There were 20,059 subjects who visited TCM clinics for osteoarthritis and received a total of 32,050 CHM prescriptions. Subjects between 40 and 49 years of age comprised the largest number of those treated (19.2%), followed by 50-59 years (18.8%) and 60-69 years group (18.2%). In addition, female subjects used CHMs for osteoarthritis more frequently than male subjects (female: male = 1.89: l). There was an average of 5.2 items prescribed in the form of either an individual Chinese herb or formula in a single CHM prescription for osteoarthritis. Du-zhong (Eucommia bark) was the most commonly prescribed Chinese single herb, while Du-huo-ji-sheng-tang was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula for osteoarthritis. According to the association rule, the most commonly prescribed formula was Du-huo-ji-sheng-tang plus Shen-tong-zhu-yu-tang, and the most commonly prescribed triple-drug combination was Du-huo-ji-sheng-tang, Gu-sui-pu (Drynaria fortune (Kunze) J. Sm.), and Xu-Duan (Himalaya teasel). Nevertheless, further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these CHMs for treating osteoarthritis. Conclusions This study conducted a large scale pharmaco-epidemiology survey of Chinese herbal medicine use in OA patients by analyzing the NHIRD in Taiwan in year 2002.
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80
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LI Y, LÜ SS, TANG GY, HOU M, TANG Q, ZHANG XN, CHEN WH, CHEN G, XUE Q, ZHANG CC, ZHANG JF, CHEN Y, XU XY. Effect of Morinda officinalis capsule on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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81
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He X, Wang J, Li M, Hao D, Yang Y, Zhang C, He R, Tao R. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:78-92. [PMID: 24296089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Family Eucommiaceae), also known as Dù-zhòng (Chinese: ), Tuchong (in Japanese), is the sole species of the genus Eucommia. The leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of Eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in China, Japan, Korea, among others. The aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of Eucommia ulmoides and to discuss possible trends for further study of Eucommia ulmoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on Eucommia ulmoides was gathered via the internet (using Pub Med, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, CNKI, and Web of Science) and from books in local libraries. RESULTS One-hundred twelve compounds of Eucommia ulmoides, including the main active constituents, lignans and iridoids, have been isolated and identified. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that monomer compounds and extracts from Eucommia ulmoides possess wide-ranging pharmacological actions, especially in treating hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, obesity, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, aging, lupus-like syndrome, and immunoregulation. CONCLUSIONS Eucommia ulmoides has been used as a source of traditional medicine and as a beneficial health food. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Eucommia ulmoides have received much interest, and extracts and active compounds continue to be isolated and proven to exert various effects. Further toxicity and clinical studies are warranted to establish more detailed data on crude extracts and pure compounds, enabling more convenient preparations for patients. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of Eucommia ulmoides will provide helpful data for further studies as well as the commercial exploitation of this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Maoxing Li
- University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Xi'an Hospital, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Xi'an 710077, PR China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Rui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
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Pulsed electromagnetic fields improve bone microstructure and strength in ovariectomized rats through a Wnt/Lrp5/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79377. [PMID: 24244491 PMCID: PMC3828367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), as an alternative noninvasive method, could promote remarkable in vivo and in vitro osteogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of PEMF on osteopenia/osteoporosis is still poorly understood, which further limits the extensive clinical application of PEMF. In the present study, the efficiency of PEMF on osteoporotic bone microarchitecture and bone quality together with its associated signaling pathway mechanisms was systematically investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty rats were equally assigned to the Control, OVX and OVX+PEMF groups. The OVX+PEMF group was subjected to daily 8-hour PEMF exposure with 15 Hz, 2.4 mT (peak value). After 10 weeks, the OVX+PEMF group exhibited significantly improved bone mass and bone architecture, evidenced by increased BMD, Tb.N, Tb.Th and BV/TV, and suppressed Tb.Sp and SMI levels in the MicroCT analysis. Three-point bending test suggests that PEMF attenuated the biomechanical strength deterioration of the OVX rat femora, evidenced by increased maximum load and elastic modulus. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PEMF exposure significantly promoted the overall gene expressions of Wnt1, LRP5 and β-catenin in the canonical Wnt signaling, but did not exhibit obvious impact on either RANKL or RANK gene expressions. Together, our present findings highlight that PEMF attenuated OVX-induced deterioration of bone microarchitecture and strength in rats by promoting the activation of Wnt/LRP5/β-catenin signaling rather than by inhibiting RANKL-RANK signaling. This study enriches our basic knowledge to the osteogenetic activity of PEMF, and may lead to more efficient and scientific clinical application of PEMF in inhibiting osteopenia/osteoporosis.
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83
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Tseng SH, Sung CH, Chen LG, Lai YJ, Chang WS, Sung HC, Wang CC. Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects of different sections of velvet antler. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:352-360. [PMID: 24212078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Velvet antlers (VA) have been claimed for centuries to have numerous medical benefits including strengthen bones. To investigate and compare the anti-osteoporotic activities from different sections of VA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh VA prepared from farmed sika deers (Cervus nippon) was divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM), and basal (VAB) sections. The chemical constituents and anti-osteoporotic effect of different sections from VA were evaluated using ovariectomized rats. RESULTS Levels of water-soluble extracts, diluted alcoholic extract, amino acids, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and testosterone plus estradiol significantly differed among the different sections. Levels of these constituents were significantly higher in the upper section than in the basal section. Moreover, levels of testosterone and IGF-1 of the VAM were also significantly higher than those of the VAB. Calcium level increased downward from the tip with statistical significance. The strength of vertebrae increased in all VA-treated groups compared to the control, but only treatment with VAU and VAM increased the strength of the femur and the microarchitecure of the trabecular bone. Alkaline phosphatase levels of VAU- and VAM-treated groups significantly decreased, but osteocalcin did not significantly change. Moreover, VAU and VAM dose-dependently increased proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence for the regional differences in the effectiveness of velvet antler in treating osteoporosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the bioactive chemical constituents associated with the anti-osteoporotic effects of velvet antler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hsien Sung
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, 1 Daxue Rd., Jinning Township, Kinmen County 89250, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan Township, Taoyuan County 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
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Antiosteoporosis effect of radix scutellariae extract on density and microstructure of long bones in tail-suspended sprague-dawley rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:753703. [PMID: 24223617 PMCID: PMC3809931 DOI: 10.1155/2013/753703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae (RS), a medicinal herb, is extensively employed in traditional Chinese medicines and modern herbal prescriptions. Two major flavonoids in RS were known to induce osteoblastic differentiation and inhibit osteoclast differentiation, respectively. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Radix Scutellariae extract (RSE) against bone loss induced by mechanical inactivity or weightlessness. A hindlimb unloading tail-suspended rat model (TS) was established to determine the effect of RSE on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. Treatment of RSE at 50 mg/kg/day and alendronate (ALE) at 2 mg/kg/day as positive control for 42 days significantly increased the bone mineral density and mechanical strength compared with TS group. Enhanced bone turnover markers by TS treatment were attenuated by RSE and ALE administration. Deterioration of bone trabecula induced by TS was prevented. Moreover, both treatments counteracted the reduction of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and number, and connectivity density. In conclusion, RSE was demonstrated for the first time to prevent osteoporosis induced by TS treatment, which suggests the potential application of RSE in the treatment of disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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85
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Geng W, Yan X, Du H, Cui J, Li L, Chen F. Immunization with FSHβ fusion protein antigen prevents bone loss in a rat ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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86
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Wang ZQ, Li JL, Sun YL, Yao M, Gao J, Yang Z, Shi Q, Cui XJ, Wang YJ. Chinese herbal medicine for osteoporosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trails. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:356260. [PMID: 23431336 PMCID: PMC3572690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/356260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. Osteoporosis is a major health problem for the elderly population. Chinese herb may be beneficial to osteoporosis due to its capability. Objectives. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese medicine treatment on the patients with osteoporosis. Search Methods. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from different 9 databases. Results. This meta analysis included 12 RCTs involving 1816 patients to compare Chinese herbs with placebo or standard anti-osteoporotic therapy in the treatment of bone loss. The pooled data showed that the percent change of increased BMD in the spine is higher with Chinese herb compared to placebo (lumber spine: WMD = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.04). In the femoral, Chinese herb showed significantly higher increments of BMD compared to placebo (femoral neck: WMD = 0.06, 95% CI: -0.02-0.13). Compared to the other standard anti-osteoporotic drugs, Chinese herbs also show advantage in BMD change (lumber spine: WMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.01-0.08; femoral: WMD = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.01-0.02). Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that Chinese herb significantly increased lumbar spine BMD as compared to the placebo or other standard anti-osteoporotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qian Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-long Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue-li Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Yao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue-jun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-jun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Niu YB, Li YH, Kong XH, Zhang R, Sun Y, Li Q, Li C, Liu L, Wang J, Mei QB. The beneficial effect of Radix Dipsaci total saponins on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanisms of action. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2649-60. [PMID: 22535190 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-1932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effects of Radix Dipsaci total saponins (RTS). We showed that RTS was able to improve bone properties by either an increase of osteoblastic activity or a decrease in osteoclastic activity. INTRODUCTION Radix Dipsaci has long been used as an anti-osteoporotic drug. The present study investigates the anti-osteoporotic effects of RTS. METHODS Three-month-old female rats were randomly assigned into a sham-operated group (sham) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, namely, OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 17β-ethinylestradiol (E(2)), and OVX with graded doses of RTS (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/d). RTS and E(2) were administered orally, daily from 1 week after OVX treatment for 4 months. Bone mass, turnover, and strength were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemical markers, and the three-point bending test. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microCT. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms of the anti-osteoporotic effect of RTS. RESULTS RTS prevented the loss of bone mass induced by OVX. The preventive effect on bone loss was primarily indicated by decreasing levels of bone turnover markers and confirmed by the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. The treatment also enhanced the biomechanical strength of bone and prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. RTS induced MC3T3-E1 and primary osteoblastic cell maturation and differentiation and increased bone formation by increasing BMP-2 synthesis. In addition, RTS inhibited osteoclastogenesis through an increase in osteoprotegrin and a decrease in NF-kB ligand expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS RTS treatment can effectively suppress the loss of bone mass induced by OVX and in vitro evidence suggests this could be through actions on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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The Effects of Cosmos caudatus on Structural Bone Histomorphometry in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:817814. [PMID: 22924056 PMCID: PMC3424602 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered a serious debilitating disease. Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja), a plant containing antioxidant compounds and minerals, may be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis. This study determines the effectiveness of C. caudatus as bone protective agent in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Thirty-two female rats, aged 3 months old, were divided into 4 groups. Group one was sham operated (sham) while group two was ovariectomized. These two groups were given ionized water by forced feeding. Groups three and four were ovariectomized and given calcium 1% ad libitum and force-fed with C. caudatus at the dose of 500 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were given six days per week for a period of eight weeks. Body weight was monitored every week and structural bone histomorphometry analyses of the femur bones were performed. Ovariectomy decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), decreased trabecular number (Tb.N), and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Both calcium 1% and 500 mg/kg C. caudatus reversed the above structural bone histomorphometric parameters to normal level. C. caudatus shows better effect compared to calcium 1% on trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Therefore, Cosmos caudatus 500 mg/kg has the potential to act as the therapeutic agent to restore bone damage in postmenopausal women.
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90
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Zhang W, Fujikawa T, Mizuno K, Ishida T, Ooi K, Hirata T, Wada A. Eucommia Leaf Extract (ELE) Prevents OVX-Induced Osteoporosis and Obesity in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:735-52. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cortex of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is widely used to treat kidney deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine. Its leaves have recently been reported to have anti-obesity properties in metabolic syndrome-like rat models. Due to a sharp decline in estrogen production, obesity, together with osteoporosis, are common problems in postmenopausal women. In this study, we examined the potential effect of Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) in preventing osteoporosis and obesity induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Forty-six female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Sham-Cont, OVX-Cont, and four OVX groups administered estradiol and different concentrations of ELE 1.25%, ELE 2.5%, and ELE 5%. Treatments were administered after ovariectomy at six weeks of age and continued for 12 weeks. OVX induced a significant decrease in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar, femora, and tibiae, together with a marked increase in body mass index (BMI). The administration of 5% ELE led to a significant increase in tibial and femoral BMD, as well as significantly increased bone-strength parameters when compared with OVX-Cont rats. According to the suppressed Dpd and increased osteocalcin concentrations in ELE 5% rats, we suggest that varying proportions of bone formation and bone absorption contributed to the enhanced BMD in the femora and tibiae. In addition, significant decreases in body weight, BMI and fat tissue in 5% ELE rats were also observed. These results suggest that ELE may have curative properties for BMD and BMI in OVX rats, and could provide an alternative therapy for the prevention of both postmenopausal osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Faculty of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Kaito Mizuno
- Faculty of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Torao Ishida
- Faculty of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ooi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- R&D Center, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Wada
- R&D Center, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan
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91
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Liu E, Han L, Wang J, He W, Shang H, Gao X, Wang T. Eucommia ulmoides Bark Protects Against Renal Injury in Cadmium-Challenged Rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:307-14. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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92
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Zhang R, Hu SJ, Li C, Zhang F, Gan HQ, Mei QB. Achyranthes bidentata root extract prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:12-8. [PMID: 21669273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to systematically investigate the effects of Achyranthes bidentata root extract (ABRE) on postmenopausal osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly assigned into sham-operated group (SHAM) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, i.e. OVX with vehicle (OVX); OVX with 17 β-ethinylestradiol (E(2), 25 μg/kg/day); OVX with ABRE of graded doses (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of ABRE or E(2) started on week 4 after OVX for 16 weeks. Bone mass, bone turnover and strength were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), biochemical markers and three-point bending test. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (μCT). RESULTS 16 weeks treatment of ABRE slowed down the body weight gain and prevented the loss of bone mass induced by the OVX. The prevention effect on bone loss was due to altering the rate of bone remodeling, which could be inferred from the decreased level of bone turnover markers, such as serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD). The changes of urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion provided the same evidence. The treatment could also enhance the bone strength and prevent the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 16 weeks of ABRE treatment improve bone biomechanical quality through modifications of bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular microarchitecture without hyperplastic effect on uterus, and it might be a potential alternative medicine for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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93
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Sung MJ, Davaatseren M, Hur HJ, Kim HJ, Ryu SY, Choi YH, Cha MR, Kwon DY. Antiosteoporotic Activity of Saururus chinensis
Extract in Ovariectomized Rats. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1182-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Sung
- Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology; Korea Food Research Institute; Songnam Keongki Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhtugs Davaatseren
- Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology; Korea Food Research Institute; Songnam Keongki Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology; Korea Food Research Institute; Songnam Keongki Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology; Korea Food Research Institute; Songnam Keongki Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Yong Ryu
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Choi
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Cha
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology; Korea Food Research Institute; Songnam Keongki Republic of Korea
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Park J, Hahm SW, Son YS. Effects of Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa) seeds treatment on the mass, quality, and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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95
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The dose-effect of icariin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells. Molecules 2011; 16:10123-33. [PMID: 22146373 PMCID: PMC6264195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin had been reported as a potential agent for osteogenesis, but the dose-effect relationship needed further research to realize the clinical application of icariin. We isolated and purified human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and stimulated them with different concentrations of icariin. The cytotoxicity of icariin was evaluated by the methylthiazolytetrazolium (MTT) assay method. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of such hBMSCs were investigated for different concentrations of icariin. We found that icariin had a dose-dependent effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in a suitable concentration range from 10−9 M to 10−6 M, but at concentrations above 10−5 M, the cytotoxicity limited its use. The extremely low cost of icariin and its high abundance make it appealing for bone regeneration.
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Wang H, Li MC, Yang J, Yang D, Su YF, Fan GW, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Paoletti R. Estrogenic properties of six compounds derived from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and their differing biological activity through estrogen receptors α and β. Food Chem 2011; 129:408-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhao X, Wu ZX, Zhang Y, Yan YB, He Q, Cao PC, Lei W. Anti-osteoporosis activity of Cibotium barometz extract on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1083-1088. [PMID: 21782010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recent research has confirmed that Cibotium barometz could inhibits osteoclast formation with no affect on BMM cell viability. However, the influence of Cibotium barometz on osteoporosis in animals is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study is to systemically investigate the effects of Cibotium barometz extract (CBE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of Seventy-two 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into sham-operated group and five ovariectomized (OVX) groups: OVX with vehicle; OVX with 17β-estradiol (E2, 25 μg/kg/day); OVX with CBE of graded doses (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of E2 or CBE began 4 weeks after the surgery and lasted for 16 weeks. Bone mass, bone turnover and strength were analyzed by DEXA, biochemical markers and three-point bending test. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was evaluated by MicroCT. RESULTS CBE prevented total BMD decrease in the femur induced by OVX, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling, as was evidenced by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers, such as osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatese (ALP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and urinary Ca and P excretions. The treatment could also enhance the bone strength and prevent the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that Cibotium barometz extract might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhao
- Department of Orthopeadics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No 17 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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98
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Hahm SW, Park JE, Son YS. Effects of Opuntia humifusa Seed Powder on Serum Lipid Profile in Ovariectomized Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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99
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Liang W, Luo Z, Ge S, Li M, Du J, Yang M, Yan M, Ye Z, Luo Z. Oral administration of quercetin inhibits bone loss in rat model of diabetic osteopenia. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:317-24. [PMID: 21914440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteopenia can result in an increased incidence of bone fracture and a delay in fracture healing. Quercetin, one of the most widely distributed flavonoids in plants, possesses antioxidant property and beneficial effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. All these properties make quercetin a potential candidate for controlling the development of diabetic osteopenia. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the putative beneficial effect of quercetin on diabetic osteopenia in rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin. The diabetic rats received daily oral administration of quercetin (5mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 50mg/kg) for 8 weeks, which was started at 4 weeks after streptozotocin injection. Quercetin at 5mg/kg showed little effect on diabetic osteopenia, while quercetin at 30 mg/kg and 50mg/kg could increase the decreased serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and urinary deoxypyridinoline in diabetic rats. In addition, quercetin (30 mg/kg and 50mg/kg) could partially reverse the decreased biomechanical quality and the impaired micro-architecture of the femurs in diabetic rats. Histomorphometric analysis showed that both decreased bone formation and resorption were observed in diabetic rats, which was partially restored by quercetin (30 mg/kg and 50mg/kg). Further investigations showed that quercetin significantly lowered the oxidative DNA damage level, up-regulated the total serum antioxidant capability and the activity of serum antioxidants in diabetic rats. All those findings indicate the beneficial effect of quercetin on diabetic osteopenia in rats, and raise the possibility of developing quercetin as potential drugs or an ingredient in diet for controlling diabetic osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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100
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Li Y, Wang MJ, Li S, Zhang YM, Zhao Y, Xie RM, Sun WJ. Effect of Total Glycosides from Eucommia ulmoides
Seed on Bone Microarchitecture in Rats. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1895-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 PR China
| | - Min-juan Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 PR China
| | - Sen Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 PR China
| | - Yong-min Zhang
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 7201; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Ye Zhao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 PR China
| | - Ren-ming Xie
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 PR China
| | - Wen-ji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 PR China
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