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Sarul DS, Arslan D, Vatansever E, Kahraman Y, Durmus A, Salehiyan R, Nofar M. Preparation and characterization of PLA/PBAT/CNC blend nanocomposites. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Glova AD, Melnikova SD, Mercurieva AA, Larin SV, Nazarychev VM, Polotsky AA, Lyulin SV. Branched versus linear lactide chains for cellulose nanoparticle modification: an atomistic molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:457-469. [PMID: 33320128 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the structure of brushes consisting of branched oligolactide (OLA) chains grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) in polylactide (PLA) and compared the outcomes to the case of grafting linear OLA chains using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The systems were considered in a melt state. The branched model OLA chains comprised one branching point and three branches, while the linear OLA chains examined had a molecular weight similar to the branched chains. It was shown that free branches of the branched OLA chains tend to fold back toward the CNPs due to dipole-dipole interactions within the grafted layer, in contrast to the well-established behavior of the grafted uncharged branched chains. This result, however, is in qualitative agreement with the conformational behavior known for linear OLA chains. At the same time, no significant difference in the effectiveness of covering the filler surface with grafted branched or linear OLA chains was found. In terms of the expelling ability of the grafted chains and the interaction between PLA and CNP or OLA, the linear chains were broadly similar (sparse grafting) or better (intermediate or dense grafting) compared to the branched ones. Thus, the grafted lactide chains with a linear architecture, rather than their branched counterpart, may be preferable for the covalent modification of cellulose nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom D Glova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
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Aydemir D, Gardner DJ. Biopolymer blends of polyhydroxybutyrate and polylactic acid reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116867. [PMID: 33049817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was used in an effort to enhance the mechanical properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and the blends were reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). The conventional and dynamic mechanical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of the obtained composite blends were determined. The results showed that the mechanical properties of neat PHB noticeably increased attributable to the good interaction between the biopolymers and CNF from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization. Thermal stability of the neat PHB was improved by adding PLA, however differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PLA created enhanced thermal properties while adding CNFs did not provide any change in the composite thermal properties. Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of the neat PHB generally improved with both PLA and CNFs, however, it decreased at high loadings of CNFs attributed to fiber aggregations and fiber pull-out in comparison to the low loading level of CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aydemir
- Bartin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, 74100, Turkey; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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Thermal and Structural Analysis of Epoxidized Jatropha Oil and Alkaline Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112604. [PMID: 33171889 PMCID: PMC7694484 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
New environmentally friendly plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) kenaf biocomposites were obtained through a melt blending process from a combination of epoxidized jatropha oil, a type of nonedible vegetable oil material, and renewable plasticizer. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the incorporation of epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) as a plasticizer and alkaline treatment of kenaf fiber on the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites. Kenaf fiber was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 4 h. The thermal properties of the biocomposites were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It must be highlighted that the addition of EJO resulted in a decrease of glass transition temperature which aided PLA chain mobility in the blend as predicted. TGA demonstrated that the presence of treated kenaf fiber together with EJO in the blends reduced the rate of decomposition of PLA and enhanced the thermal stability of the blend. The treatment showed a rougher surface fiber in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and had a greater mechanical locking with matrix, and this was further supported with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Overall, the increasing content of EJO as a plasticizer has improved the thermal properties of PLA/Kenaf/EJO biocomposites.
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Li Y, Yin D, Liu W, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Fabrication of biodegradable poly (lactic acid)/carbon nanotube nanocomposite foams: Significant improvement on rheological property and foamability. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1175-1186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Botaro VR, de Freitas RRM, do Carmo KP, Raimundo IF. A simple and efficient technique to prepare aromatic polyhydroxibutirate/polybutylene adipate terephthalate blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Silva FAGS, Dourado F, Gama M, Poças F. Nanocellulose Bio-Based Composites for Food Packaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2041. [PMID: 33081126 PMCID: PMC7602726 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The food industry is increasingly demanding advanced and eco-friendly sustainable packaging materials with improved physical, mechanical and barrier properties. The currently used materials are synthetic and non-degradable, therefore raising environmental concerns. Consequently, research efforts have been made in recent years towards the development of bio-based sustainable packaging materials. In this review, the potential of nanocelluloses as nanofillers or as coatings for the development of bio-based nanocomposites is discussed, namely: (i) the physico-chemical interaction of nanocellulose with the adjacent polymeric phase, (ii) the effect of nanocellulose modification/functionalization on the final properties of the composites, (iii) the production methods for such composites, and (iv) the effect of nanocellulose on the overall migration, toxicity, and the potential risk to human health. Lastly, the technology readiness level of nanocellulose and nanocellulose based composites for the market of food packaging is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A. G. S. Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fátima Poças
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Laboratório Associado, CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Gaspar G, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Effect of Iignocellulosic Nanoparticles Extracted from Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis) on the Structural, Thermal, Optical and Barrier Properties of Mechanically Recycled Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081690. [PMID: 32751154 PMCID: PMC7463788 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) were extracted from Ilex paraguairiencis yerba mate wastes and further used to improve the overall performance of mechanically recycled PLA (PLAR). Recycled PLA was obtained by melt reprocessing PLA subjected to an accelerated ageing process, which involved photochemical, thermal and hydrothermal ageing steps, as well as a final demanding washing step. YMNs (1 and 3 wt. %) were added to the PLAR during the melt reprocessing step and further processed into films. The main goal of the development of PLAR-YMNs bionanocomposites was to increase the barrier properties of recycled PLA, while showing good overall performance for food packaging applications. Thus, optical, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. The incorporation of YMNs led to transparent greenish PLAR-based films with an effective blockage of harmful UV radiation. From the backbone FTIR stretching region (bands at 955 and 920 cm−1), it seems that YMNs favor the formation of crystalline domains acting as nucleating agents for PLAR. The morphological investigations revealed the good dispersion of YMNs in PLAR when they are used in the lowest amount of 1 wt. %, leading to bionanocomposites with improved mechanical performance. Although the addition of high hydrophilic YMNs increased the water vapor transmission, the addition of 1 wt. % of YMNs enhanced the oxygen barrier performance of the produced bionanocomposite films. These results show that the synergistic revalorization of post-consumer PLA and nanoparticles obtained from agri-food waste is a potential way for the production of promising packaging materials that meet with the principles of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.R.B.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.R.B.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Dpto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
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Fabrication of branching poly (butylene succinate)/cellulose nanocrystal foams with exceptional thermal insulation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116708. [PMID: 32829836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Branching poly (butylene succinate) (BPBS) nanocomposite foams incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by supercritical CO2. Surface modification of CNCs by acetylation was achieved through replacing hydrophilic hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the dispersibility of CNCs significantly. The crystallite sizes of CNCs and acetylated CNCs were calculated by Scherrer's formula as 25 and 19 nm, respectively. The initial crystallization temperature of diverse poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) specimens, a crucial factor for regulating cell nucleation type, increased remarkably by 11.8 °C as well as their storage modulus increased by 2 orders of magnitudes, due to branching reaction and bio-filler addition. BPBS/CNCs foam possessed a high volume expansion ratio as 37.1 times and displayed an exceptional thermal conductivity as 0.021 W(m K)-1. This study provided a promising potential strategy to develop exceptional thermal-insulation polymer foams for composite structures, energy conservation and environment protection.
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60
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The fabrication of polylactide/cellulose nanocomposites with enhanced crystallization and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1578-1588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Khalifa M, Ekbote GS, Anandhan S, Wuzella G, Lammer H, Mahendran AR. Physicochemical characteristics of bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene nanocomposite for piezoresistive strain sensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
| | - Govind S. Ekbote
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - Guenter Wuzella
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
| | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
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62
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Calvino C, Macke N, Kato R, Rowan SJ. Development, processing and applications of bio-sourced cellulose nanocrystal composites. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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63
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Liu J, Chen P, Qin D, Jia S, Jia C, Li L, Bian H, Wei J, Shao Z. Nanocomposites membranes from cellulose nanofibers, SiO 2 and carboxymethyl cellulose with improved properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115818. [PMID: 32059879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The binary nanocomposites blended by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and SiO2 nanoparticles were constructed to prepare the films with superior thermal stability and flame retardant properties. The incorporation of cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) and SiO2 nanoparticles were followed to prepare ternary nanocomposite films exhibiting excellent mechanical properties. The mechanism and chemical reaction of the thermal decomposition for the CMC/SiO2 composite membrane were proposed, which showed that the mass residuals were Na2CO3, SiO2 and Na2SiO3, Na2CO3 when the content of the SiO2 nanoparticles was lowered and higher than 9.6 %, respectively. Compared with the pure CMC, micro combustion calorimeter (MCC) showed that the total heat release (THR) and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) both decreased from 6.4 kJ/g to 5.8 kJ/g, 134 w/g to 27 w/g, respectively. Moreover, mechanical properties of CMC/CNFs/SiO2 membrane showed that the toughness and rigidity of the nanocomposites increased by 56.0 % and 63.0 % on the basis of CMC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Dujian Qin
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuai Jia
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongli Bian
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jie Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Frone AN, Batalu D, Chiulan I, Oprea M, Gabor AR, Nicolae CA, Raditoiu V, Trusca R, Panaitescu DM. Morpho-Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PHB/Cellulose Biodegradable Nanocomposites Obtained by Compression Molding, Extrusion, and 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 10:nano10010051. [PMID: 31878292 PMCID: PMC7023130 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable blends and nanocomposites were produced from polylactic acid (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and cellulose nanocrystals (NC) by a single step reactive blending process using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a cross-linking agent. With the aim of gaining more insight into the impact of processing methods upon the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites, three different processing techniques were employed: compression molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. The addition of DCP improved interfacial adhesion and the dispersion of NC in nanocomposites as observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The carbonyl index calculated from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed increased crystallinity after DCP addition in PLA/PHB and PLA/PHB/NC, also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analyses. NC and DCP showed nucleating activity and favored the crystallization of PLA, increasing its crystallinity from 16% in PLA/PHB to 38% in DCP crosslinked blend and to 43% in crosslinked PLA/PHB/NC nanocomposite. The addition of DCP also influenced the melting-recrystallization processes due to the generation of lower molecular weight products with increased mobility. The thermo-mechanical characterization of uncross-linked and cross-linked PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites showed the influence of the processing technique. Higher storage modulus values were obtained for filaments obtained by extrusion and 3D printed meshes compared to compression molded films. Similarly, the thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase of the onset degradation temperature, even with more than 10 °C for PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites after extrusion and 3D-printing, compared with compression molding. This study shows that PLA/PHB products with enhanced interfacial adhesion, improved thermal stability, and mechanical properties can be obtained by the right choice of the processing method and conditions using NC and DCP for balancing the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21316-3068
| | - Dan Batalu
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Chiulan
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Madalina Oprea
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.); (M.O.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.); (V.R.); (D.M.P.)
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High shear capillary rheometry of cellulose nanocrystals for industrially relevant processing. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115735. [PMID: 31888852 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A microcapillary rheometer was employed to study the rheological characteristics of CNCs at temperatures between 15 °C and 50 °C and aqueous concentrations between 1.5 wt% and 12.1 wt%, at rates up to 8 × 105 s-1. Time-temperature and time-concentration superposition were applied to analyze the data. A master curve of shear rate sweeps at temperatures between 15 °C and 50 °C was successfully generated to a reference temperature of 25 °C with the shift factor plot suggesting an Arrhenius relationship over the entire measured temperature range. Concentration-dependent data indicate a high shear Newtonian plateau at the limit of low concentration. Repeated testing of the same sample volume was implemented to represent extended times at elevated stress, with repeated experiments leading to a permanent decrease in viscosity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggests sensitivity of the CNC geometry to moderate stress in a flow field.
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66
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Wang YY, Yu HY, Yang L, Abdalkarim SYH, Chen WL. Enhancing long-term biodegradability and UV-shielding performances of transparent polylactic acid nanocomposite films by adding cellulose nanocrystal-zinc oxide hybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:893-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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67
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Takkalkar P, Tobin MJ, Vongsvivut J, Mukherjee T, Nizamuddin S, Griffin G, Kao N. Structural, thermal, rheological and optical properties of poly(lactic acid) films prepared through solvent casting and melt processing techniques. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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68
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Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091529. [PMID: 31546970 PMCID: PMC6780387 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m−2). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus.
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69
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Polylactide cellulose-based nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:912-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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70
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Luzi F, Dominici F, Armentano I, Fortunati E, Burgos N, Fiori S, Jiménez A, Kenny JM, Torre L. Combined effect of cellulose nanocrystals, carvacrol and oligomeric lactic acid in PLA_PHB polymeric films. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115131. [PMID: 31426964 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable multicomponent films based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) plasticized with oligomeric lactic acid (OLA), reinforced with synthetized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and modified by a natural additive with antimicrobial activity (carvacrol) were formulated and processed by extrusion. Morphological, mechanical, thermal, migration and barrier properties were tested to determine the effect of different components in comparison with neat poly(lactic acid). Results showed the positive effect of CNC in the five components based films, with the increase of the Young's modulus of the PLA_PHB_10Carv_15OLA, associated with an increase in the elongation at break (from 150% to 410%), by showing an OTR reduction of 67%. Disintegrability in compost conditions and enzymatic degradation were tested to evaluate the post-use of these films. All formulations disintegrated in less than 17 days, while proteinase K preferentially degraded the amorphous regions, and crystallinity degree of the nanocomposite films increased as a consequence of enzyme action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viale dell'Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Nuria Burgos
- University of Alicante, Dpt. Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
| | - Stefano Fiori
- Condensia Química S.A. C/ Junqueras 16-11A, 08003 Barcelona Spain.
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- University of Alicante, Dpt. Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
| | - José M Kenny
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy.
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71
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Patel DK, Dutta SD, Lim KT. Nanocellulose-based polymer hybrids and their emerging applications in biomedical engineering and water purification. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19143-19162. [PMID: 35516880 PMCID: PMC9065078 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, derived from cellulose hydrolysis, has unique optical and mechanical properties, high surface area, and good biocompatibility. It is frequently used as a reinforcing agent to improve the native properties of materials. The presence of functional groups in its surface enables the alteration of its behavior and its use under different conditions. Nanocellulose is typically used in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), or bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs and CNFs have a high aspect ratio with typical lengths of ∼100-250 nm and 0.1-2 μm, respectively; BNC is nanostructured cellulose produced by bacteria. Nanohybrid materials are a combination of organic or inorganic nanomaterials with macromolecules forming a single composite and typically exhibit superior optical, thermal, and mechanical properties to those of native polymers, owing to the greater interactions between the macromolecule matrix and the nanomaterials. Excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability make nanocellulose an ideal material for applications in biomedicine. Unlike native polymers, nanocellulose-based nanohybrids exhibit a sustained drug release ability, which can be further optimized by changing the content or chemical environment of the nanocellulose, as well as the external stimuli, such as the pH and electric fields. In this review, we describe the process of extraction of nanocellulose from different natural sources; its effects on the structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of polymers; and its various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Patel
- The Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
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72
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Lopera-Valle A, Caputo JV, Leão R, Sauvageau D, Luz SM, Elias A. Influence of Epoxidized Canola Oil (eCO) and Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E933. [PMID: 31146438 PMCID: PMC6631437 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major obstacles to utilizing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer-in commercial applications are its low tensile yield strength (<10 MPa) and elongation at break (~5%). In this work, we investigated the modification of the mechanical properties of PHB through the use of a variety of bio-derived additives. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and sugarcane-sourced cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were proposed as mechanical reinforcing elements, and epoxidized canola oil (eCO) was utilized as a green plasticizer. Zinc acetate was added to PHB and PLA blends in order to improve blending. Composites were mixed in a micro-extruder, and the resulting filaments were molded into 2-mm sheets utilizing a hot-press prior to characterization. The inclusion of the various additives was found to influence the crystallization process of PHB without affecting thermal stability. In general, the addition of PLA and, to a lesser degree, CNCs, resulted in an increase in the Young's modulus of the material, while the addition of eCO improved the strain at break. Overall, samples containing eCO and PLA (at concentrations of 10 wt %, and 25 wt %, respectively) demonstrated the best mechanical properties in terms of Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Lopera-Valle
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Joseph V Caputo
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Rosineide Leão
- Department of Automotive Engineering, University of Brasília, Faculdade do Gama, Brasília-DF 72444-240, Brazil.
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Sandra Maria Luz
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
- Department of Automotive Engineering, University of Brasília, Faculdade do Gama, Brasília-DF 72444-240, Brazil.
| | - Anastasia Elias
- Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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73
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Shojaeiarani J, Bajwa D, Jiang L, Liaw J, Hartman K. Insight on the influence of nano zinc oxide on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and flow characteristics of Poly(lactic acid)– zinc oxide composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Shojaeiarani
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Dilpreet Bajwa
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Joshua Liaw
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Kerry Hartman
- Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College New Town North Dakota, 58763
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74
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Nizamuddin S, Jadhav A, Qureshi SS, Baloch HA, Siddiqui MTH, Mubarak NM, Griffin G, Madapusi S, Tanksale A, Ahamed MI. Synthesis and characterization of polylactide/rice husk hydrochar composite. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5445. [PMID: 30931991 PMCID: PMC6443802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites are fabricated by incorporating fillers into a polymer matrix. The intent for addition of fillers is to improve the physical, mechanical, chemical and rheological properties of the composite. This study reports on a unique polymer composite using hydrochar, synthesised by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of rice husk, as filler in polylactide matrix. The polylactide/hydrochar composites were fabricated by incorporating hydrochar in polylactide at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 wt% by melt processing in a Haake rheomix at 170 °C. Both the neat polylactide and polylactide/hydrochar composite were characterized for mechanical, structural, thermal and rheological properties. The tensile modulus of polylactide/hydrochar composites was improved from 2.63 GPa (neat polylactide) to 3.16 GPa, 3.33 GPa, 3.54 GPa, and 4.24 GPa after blending with hydrochar at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Further, the incorporation of hydrochar had little effect on storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″). The findings of this study reported that addition of hydrochar improves some characteristics of polylactide composites suggesting the potential of hydrochar as filler for polymer/hydrochar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Jadhav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmedabad Institute of Technology, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, 380060, India
| | - Sundus Saeed Qureshi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76090, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - M T H Siddiqui
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - N M Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Gregory Griffin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Akshat Tanksale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mohd Imran Ahamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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75
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Aydogdu A, Yildiz E, Ayhan Z, Aydogdu Y, Sumnu G, Sahin S. Nanostructured poly(lactic acid)/soy protein/HPMC films by electrospinning for potential applications in food industry. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Younas M, Noreen A, Sharif A, Majeed A, Hassan A, Tabasum S, Mohammadi A, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of CNC with natural and synthetic polymers with mathematical modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:591-626. [PMID: 30447361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is world's most abundant, renewable and recyclable polysaccharide on earth. Cellulose is composed of both amorphous and crystalline regions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are extracted from crystalline region of cellulose. The most attractive feature of CNC is that it can be used as nanofiller to reinforce several synthetic and natural polymers. In this article, a comprehensive overview of modification of several natural and synthetic polymers using CNCs as reinforcer in respective polymer matrix is given. The immense activities of CNCs are successfully utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and to broaden the field of application of respective polymer. All the technical scientific issues have been discussed highlighting the recent advancement in biomedical and packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Majeed
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abida Hassan
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
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77
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Li Y, Han C, Yu Y, Huang D. Uniaxial stretching and properties of fully biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1-12. [PMID: 30731159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fully biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) blends of various compositions were uniaxially stretched at different stretch ratios above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA. These stretched blends exhibited a closed microvoid structure, as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses verified that stretching-induced crystallization in the α-form could be achieved in the PLA matrix. This hierarchical structure could improve the multifunctional performance of PLA blends. The density of drawn blends with a P(3HB-co-4HB) content of 30 wt% and stretch ratio of 6 was reduced by 20% as compared to neat PLA. The excellent combination of strength, modulus, and ductility of drawn blends with a P(3HB-co-4HB) content of 10 wt% and stretch ratio of 6 was demonstrated; compared to neat PLA, these parameters increased by 300%, 320%, and 317%, respectively in breaking strength, modulus, and elongation at break (172.2 MPa, 4200 MPa, and 18.4%), respectively. Meanwhile, control over the degradation rate and thermomechanical-property improvement was achieved by adjusting the stretch ratio and/or blend composition. In practical terms, this processing technique provides a new way to manufacture lightweight and high-performance microvoid-containing biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yancun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Dexin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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78
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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79
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Pal AK, Bhasney SM, Bhagabati P, Katiyar V. Effect of Dicumyl Peroxide on a Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Functionalized Chitosan-Based Nanobiocomposite for Packaging: A Reactive Extrusion Study. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13298-13312. [PMID: 31458046 PMCID: PMC6644597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocomposites with balanced mechanical characteristics are fabricated from poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)blend at a weight ratio of 80/20 in association with varying concentrations of functionalized chitosan (FCH) through reactive extrusion at a temperature of 185 °C. The combined effect of FCH and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) showed insignificant change in tensile strength with a remarkable increase in % elongation at break (∼45%) values. Addition of DCP also caused increase in the molecular weight (M w ∼ 22%) of the PLA/PBS/1DFCH nanobiocomposite, which is attributed to the cross-linking/branching effect of FCH on the polymers. The interfacial polymer-filler adhesion is also improved, which is observed from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of PLA/PBS/1DFCH. For PLA/PBS/1DFCH, the crystallization rate and nucleation density of PLA are increased because of cross-linked/branched structures are developed, which acted as nucleating sites. Therefore, the present work facilitates a simple extrusion processing with a combination of balanced thermal and mechanical properties, improved hydrophobicity (∼27%), and UV-C-blocking efficiency, which draw the possibility for the utilization of the ecofriendly nanobiocomposite in the packing of UV-sensitive materials on a commercial level.
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80
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Zhang G, Wu D, Xie W, Wang Z, Xu C. Green poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)/starch nanocrystal composites: Tuning the nucleation and spherulite morphology through surface acetylation of starch nanocrystal. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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81
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Geng S, Yao K, Zhou Q, Oksman K. High-Strength, High-Toughness Aligned Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Reinforced with Ultralow Weight Fraction of Functionalized Nanocellulose. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4075-4083. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-971 87, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Kun Yao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-971 87, Sweden
- Fibre and Particle Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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82
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Sabharwal PK, Chattopadhyay S, Singh H. Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial, biodegradable, triclosan-incorporated polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate films for packaging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur Sabharwal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
- All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Sruti Chattopadhyay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
- All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
- All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
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83
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Rebia RA, Rozet S, Tamada Y, Tanaka T. Biodegradable PHBH/PVA blend nanofibers: Fabrication, characterization, in vitro degradation, and in vitro biocompatibility. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Seoane IT, Cerrutti P, Vazquez A, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB. Ternary nanocomposites based on plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and nanocellulose. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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85
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Garcia-Garcia D, Lopez-Martinez J, Balart R, Strömberg E, Moriana R. Reinforcing capability of cellulose nanocrystals obtained from pine cones in a biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHB/PCL) thermoplastic blend. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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86
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Sessini V, Navarro-Baena I, Arrieta MP, Dominici F, López D, Torre L, Kenny JM, Dubois P, Raquez JM, Peponi L. Effect of the addition of polyester-grafted-cellulose nanocrystals on the shape memory properties of biodegradable PLA/PCL nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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87
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Shojaeiarani J, Bajwa DS, Stark NM. Spin-coating: A new approach for improving dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) composites. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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88
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Preparation of nanocellulose from Imperata brasiliensis grass using Taguchi method. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:337-346. [PMID: 29691029 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of the cellulose pulp extracted from the Brazilian satintail (Imperata Brasiliensis) plant using a conventional and a total chlorine free method. Initially, a statistical design of experiment was carried out using Taguchi orthogonal array to study the hydrolysis parameters, and the main properties (crystallinity, thermal stability, morphology, and sizes) of the nanocellulose. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out to characterize the physical-chemical properties of the CNs obtained. Cellulose nanoparticles with diameter ranging from 10 to 60 nm and length between 150 and 250 nm were successfully obtained at sulfuric acid concentration of 64% (m/m), temperature 35 °C, reaction time 75 min, and a 1:20 (g/mL) pulp-to-solution ratio. Under this condition, the Imperata Brasiliensis CNs showed good stability in suspension, crystallinity index of 65%, and a cellulose degradation temperature of about 117 °C. Considering that these properties are similar to those of nanocelluloses from other lignocellulosics feedstocks, Imperata grass seems also to be a suitable source for nanocellulose production.
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89
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Song X, Wang C, Shen Y, Liu F, Yu S, Ge X. Methanolysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) catalyzed by ferric chloride. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Song
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoping Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao China
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90
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Cellulose nanocrystal in poly(lactic acid)/polyamide11 blends: Preparation, morphology and co-continuity. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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91
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Heshmati V, Kamal MR, Favis BD. Tuning the localization of finely dispersed cellulose nanocrystal in poly (lactic acid)/bio-polyamide11 blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Heshmati
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada H3C3A7
| | - Musa R. Kamal
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 0C5
| | - Basil D. Favis
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada H3C3A7
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92
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Espino-Pérez E, Bras J, Almeida G, Plessis C, Belgacem N, Perré P, Domenek S. Designed cellulose nanocrystal surface properties for improving barrier properties in polylactide nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:267-277. [PMID: 29352884 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites are an opportunity to increase the performance of polymer membranes by fine-tuning their morphology. In particular, the understanding of the contribution of the polymer matrix/nanofiller interface to the overall transport properties is key to design membranes with tailored selective and adsorptive properties. In that aim, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites were fabricated with chemically designed interfaces, which were ensuring the compatibility between the constituents and impacting the mass transport mechanism. A detailed analysis of the mass transport behaviour of different permeants in CNC/PLA nanocomposites was carried out as a function of their chemical affinity to grafted CNC surfaces. Penetrants (O2 and cyclohexane), which were found to slightly interact with the constituents of the nanocomposites, provided information on the small tortuosity effect of CNC on diffusive mass transport. The mass transport of water (highly interacting with CNC) and anisole (interacting only with designed CNC surfaces) exhibited non-Fickian, Case II behaviour. The water vapour caused significant swelling of the CNC, which created a preferential pathway for mass transport. CNC surface grafting could attenuate this phenomenon and decrease the water transport rate. Anisole, an aromatic organic vapour, became reversibly trapped at the specifically designed CNC/PLA interface, but without any swelling or creation of an accelerated pathway. This caused the decrease of the overall mass transport rate. The latter finding could open a way to the creation of materials with specifically designed barrier properties by designing nanocomposites interfaces with specific interactions towards permeants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etzael Espino-Pérez
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Julien Bras
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giana Almeida
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Cédric Plessis
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Naceur Belgacem
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France.
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93
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Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate/nanocrystalline cellulose composites via solvent casting. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of nanocrystalline cellulose dispersion on the nonisothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) has been investigated by means of solvent casting. The cellulose dispersion plays a significant role on the crystallization temperature, thus dispersive equipments of increasing energies were employed to improve the cellulose particles disaggregation. Therefore, ultra-sonic bath, ultra-sonication, and ultra-turrax were used to disperse cellulose nanocrystals in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol. Dissolved separately in the same solvent, PEF was then poured into the cellulose suspension before casting. The cellulose whiskers were inspected by transmission electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the crystallization temperature, while scanning electron microscopy visualized the cellulose dispersion at the fracture surface. After investigation on the interaction of cellulose/PEF via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the thermal stability of the blends was measured by means of thermogravimetric analysis.
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94
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Peelman N, Ragaert P, Ragaert K, Erkoç M, Van Brempt W, Faelens F, Devlieghere F, De Meulenaer B, Cardon L. Heat resistance of biobased materials, evaluation and effect of processing techniques and additives. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanou Peelman
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Peter Ragaert
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Pack4Food, all Member of Food2Know; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies; Ghent University; Technologiepark 915, Ghent 9052 Belgium
| | - Mustafa Erkoç
- Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies; Ghent University; Technologiepark 915, Ghent 9052 Belgium
| | - Willem Van Brempt
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Femke Faelens
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Centre for Polymer & Material Technologies; Ghent University; Technologiepark 915, Ghent 9052 Belgium
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95
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Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Bacterial Cellulose on Disintegrability in Composting Conditions of Plasticized PHB Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110561. [PMID: 30965865 PMCID: PMC6418597 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based films, reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and plasticized using a molecular (tributyrin) or a polymeric plasticizer (poly(adipate diethylene)), were produced by solvent casting. Their morphological, thermal, wettability, and chemical properties were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of adding both plasticizers (20 wt % respect to the PHB content) and biobased selected nanofillers added at different contents (2 and 4 wt %) on disintegrability in composting conditions was studied. Results of contact angle measurements and calorimetric analysis validated the observed behavior during composting experiments, indicating how CNC aggregation, due to the hydrophilic nature of the filler, slows down the degradation rate but accelerates it in case of increasing content. In contrast, nanocomposites with BC presented an evolution in composting similar to neat PHB, possibly due to the lower hydrophilic character of this material. The addition of the two plasticizers contributed to a better dispersion of the nanoparticles by increasing the interaction between the cellulosic reinforcements and the matrix, whereas the increased crystallinity of the incubated samples in a second stage in composting provoked a reduction in the disintegration rate.
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96
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Arrieta MP, Samper MD, Aldas M, López J. On the Use of PLA-PHB Blends for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1008. [PMID: 28850102 PMCID: PMC5615663 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most used biopolymer for food packaging applications. Several strategies have been made to improve PLA properties for extending its applications in the packaging field. Melt blending approaches are gaining considerable interest since they are easy, cost-effective and readily available processing technologies at the industrial level. With a similar melting temperature and high crystallinity, poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) represents a good candidate to blend with PLA. The ability of PHB to act as a nucleating agent for PLA improves its mechanical resistance and barrier performance. With the dual objective to improve PLAPHB processing performance and to obtain stretchable materials, plasticizers are frequently added. Current trends to enhance PLA-PHB miscibility are focused on the development of composite and nanocomposites. PLA-PHB blends are also interesting for the controlled release of active compounds in the development of active packaging systems. This review explains the most relevant processing aspects of PLA-PHB based blends such as the influence of polymers molecular weight, the PLA-PHB composition as well as the thermal stability. It also summarizes the recent developments in PLA-PHB formulations with an emphasis on their performance with interest in the sustainable food packaging field. PLA-PHB blends shows highly promising perspectives for the replacement of traditional petrochemical based polymers currently used for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Samper
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 03801 Alcoy-Alicante, Spain.
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 03801 Alcoy-Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador.
| | - Juan López
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 03801 Alcoy-Alicante, Spain.
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97
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Lin X, Fan X, Li R, Li Z, Ren T, Ren X, Huang TS. Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT-based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Tian Ren
- Department of Poultry Science; Auburn 36849 AL USA
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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98
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Vilarinho F, Sanches Silva A, Vaz MF, Farinha JP. Nanocellulose in green food packaging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1526-1537. [PMID: 28125279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1270254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of packaging materials with new functionalities and lower environmental impact is now an urgent need of our society. On one hand, the shelf-life extension of packaged products can be an answer to the exponential increase of worldwide demand for food. On the other hand, uncertainty of crude oil prices and reserves has imposed the necessity to find raw materials to replace oil-derived polymers. Additionally, consumers' awareness toward environmental issues increasingly pushes industries to look with renewed interest to "green" solutions. In response to these issues, numerous polymers have been exploited to develop biodegradable food packaging materials. Although the use of biopolymers has been limited due to their poor mechanical and barrier properties, these can be enhanced by adding reinforcing nanosized components to form nanocomposites. Cellulose is probably the most used and well-known renewable and sustainable raw material. The mechanical properties, reinforcing capabilities, abundance, low density, and biodegradability of nanosized cellulose make it an ideal candidate for polymer nanocomposites processing. Here we review the potential applications of cellulose based nanocomposites in food packaging materials, highlighting the several types of biopolymers with nanocellulose fillers that have been used to form bio-nanocomposite materials. The trends in nanocellulose packaging applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vilarinho
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P. , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P. , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA) , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Fátima Vaz
- c IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - José Paulo Farinha
- d Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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99
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Preparation and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/cellulose composites by twin screw extrusion. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1026-1033. [PMID: 28821023 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), an emerging biobased polyester, was compounded with cellulose via twin-screw extrusion. Different extrusion parameters such as mixing time, screw speed and temperature were employed. Composite thin films containing 1, 2 and 4% cellulose w/w were prepared and compared with neat PEF films. The morphology of PEF/cellulose composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the molecular weight after extrusion was controlled by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The influence of the cellulose on both isothermal and non-isothermal crystallizations of PEF was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Crystallization is faster in presence of cellulose and the nucleating effect increases with the cellulose concentration.
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100
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Tardy BL, Yokota S, Ago M, Xiang W, Kondo T, Bordes R, Rojas OJ. Nanocellulose–surfactant interactions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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