51
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Mathur R, Sehgal L, Havranek O, Köhrer S, Khashab T, Jain N, Burger JA, Neelapu SS, Davis RE, Samaniego F. Inhibition of demethylase KDM6B sensitizes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to chemotherapeutic drugs. Haematologica 2016; 102:373-380. [PMID: 27742770 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation and demethylation regulate B-cell development, and their deregulation correlates with tumor chemoresistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, limiting cure rates. Since histone methylation status correlates with disease aggressiveness and relapse, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting histone 3 Lys27 demethylase KDM6B, in vitro, using the small molecule inhibitor GSK-J4. KDM6B is overexpressed in the germinal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and higher KDM6B levels are associated with worse survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. GSK-J4-induced apoptosis was observed in five (SU-DHL-6, OCI-Ly1, Toledo, OCI-Ly8, SU-DHL-8) out of nine germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Treatment with GSK-J4 predominantly resulted in downregulation of B-cell receptor signaling and BCL6. Cell lines expressing high BCL6 levels or CREBBP/EP300 mutations were sensitive to GSK-J4. Our results suggest that B-cell receptor-dependent downregulation of BCL6 is responsible for GSK-J4-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, GSK-J4-mediated inhibition of KDM6B sensitizes germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to chemotherapy agents that are currently utilized in treatment regimens for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Stefan Köhrer
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamer Khashab
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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52
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Yang L, Song LS, Liu XF, Xia Q, Bai LG, Gao L, Gao GQ, Wang Y, Wei ZY, Bai CL, Li GP. The Maternal Effect Genes UTX and JMJD3 Play Contrasting Roles in Mus musculus Preimplantation Embryo Development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26711. [PMID: 27384759 PMCID: PMC4935995 DOI: 10.1038/srep26711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of embryonic development in mammals, epigenetic modifications must be erased and reconstructed. In particular, the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is associated with gene-specific transcriptional repression and contributes to the maintenance of the pluripotent embryos. In this study, we determined that the global levels of the H3K27me3 marker were elevated in MII oocyte chromatin and decrease to minimal levels at the 8-cell and morula stages. When the blastocyst hatched, H3K27me3 was re-established in the inner cell mass. We also determined that H3K27me3-specific demethylases, UTX and JMJD3, were observed at high transcript and protein levels in mouse preimplantation embryos. In the activated oocytes, when the H3K27me3 disappeared at the 8-cell stage, the UTX (but not JMJD3) protein levels were undetectable. Using RNA interference, we suppressed UTX and JMJD3 gene expression in the embryos and determined that the functions of UTX and JMJD3 were complementary. When JMJD3 levels were decreased by RNA interference, the embryo development rate and quality were improved, but the knockdown of UTX produced the opposite results. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms controlling preimplantation development is critical to comprehending the basis of embryonic development and to devise methods and approaches to treat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Shuang Song
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ge Bai
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qi Gao
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Ying Wei
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ling Bai
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Peng Li
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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53
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Aguilar R, Bustos FJ, Saez M, Rojas A, Allende ML, van Wijnen AJ, van Zundert B, Montecino M. Polycomb PRC2 complex mediates epigenetic silencing of a critical osteogenic master regulator in the hippocampus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1043-55. [PMID: 27216774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During hippocampal neuron differentiation, the expression of critical inducers of non-neuronal cell lineages must be efficiently silenced. Runx2 transcription factor is the master regulator of mesenchymal cells responsible for intramembranous osteoblast differentiation and formation of the craniofacial bone tissue that surrounds and protects the central nervous system (CNS) in mammalian embryos. The molecular mechanisms that mediate silencing of the Runx2 gene and its downstream target osteogenic-related genes in neuronal cells have not been explored. Here, we assess the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate silencing of osteoblast-specific genes in CNS neurons. In particular, we address the contribution of histone epigenetic marks and histone modifiers on the silencing of the Runx2/p57 bone-related isoform in rat hippocampal tissues at embryonic to adult stages. Our results indicate enrichment of repressive chromatin histone marks and of the Polycomb PRC2 complex at the Runx2/p57 promoter region. Knockdown of PRC2 H3K27-methyltransferases Ezh2 and Ezh1, or forced expression of the Trithorax/COMPASS subunit Wdr5 activates Runx2/p57 mRNA expression in both immature and mature hippocampal cells. Together these results indicate that complementary epigenetic mechanisms progressively and efficiently silence critical osteoblastic genes during hippocampal neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguilar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Mauricio Saez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | | | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
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54
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Arcipowski KM, Martinez CA, Ntziachristos P. Histone demethylases in physiology and cancer: a tale of two enzymes, JMJD3 and UTX. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 36:59-67. [PMID: 27151432 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation is fine-tuned by a dynamic balance between transcriptionally activating and repressive modifications of histone tails. It has been well-established that lysine and arginine methylation can be reversed by two groups of evolutionarily conserved enzymes known as histone demethylases, which have been shown to play critical roles in development, differentiation and diseases like cancer. Recent work has demonstrated demethylase-independent functions of these proteins, highlighting the complex mechanisms by which these proteins exert their effects on gene expression. Here, we discuss the roles of lysine 27 demethylases, JMJD3 and UTX, in cancer and potential therapeutic avenues targeting these enzymes. Despite a high degree of sequence similarity in the catalytic domain between JMJD3 and UTX, numerous studies revealed surprisingly contrasting roles in cellular reprogramming and cancer, particularly leukemia. Understanding the demethylase-dependent and demethylase-independent functions of the enzymes affecting histone methylation, their post-translational modifications and participation in different complexes, as well as in vivo modeling of the mutations affecting those enzymes in cancer, can shed light on their unique physiological roles. This information cumulated in the future will aid in the development of improved inhibitors to treat cancers affected by demethylase mutations and aberrant gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Marie Arcipowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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55
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Wang Y, Li Y, Guo C, Lu Q, Wang W, Jia Z, Chen P, Ma K, Reinberg D, Zhou C. ISL1 and JMJD3 synergistically control cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6741-55. [PMID: 27105846 PMCID: PMC5001586 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ISL1 is expressed in cardiac progenitor cells and plays critical roles in cardiac lineage differentiation and heart development. Cardiac progenitor cells hold great potential for clinical and translational applications. However, the mechanisms underlying ISL1 function in cardiac progenitor cells have not been fully elucidated. Here we uncover a hierarchical role of ISL1 in cardiac progenitor cells, showing that ISL1 directly regulates hundreds of potential downstream target genes that are implicated in cardiac differentiation, through an epigenetic mechanism. Specifically, ISL1 promotes the demethylation of tri-methylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) at the enhancers of key downstream target genes, including Myocd and Mef2c, which are core cardiac transcription factors. ISL1 physically interacts with JMJD3, a H3K27me3 demethylase, and conditional depletion of JMJD3 leads to impaired cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, phenocopying that of ISL1 depletion. Interestingly, ISL1 is not only responsible for the recruitment of JMJD3 to specific target loci during cardiac progenitor differentiation, but also modulates its demethylase activity. In conclusion, ISL1 and JMJD3 partner to alter the cardiac epigenome, instructing gene expression changes that drive cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Kangtao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China; Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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56
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Jha HC, Banerjee S, Robertson ES. The Role of Gammaherpesviruses in Cancer Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010018. [PMID: 26861404 PMCID: PMC4810139 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, one fifth of cancers in the population are associated with viral infections. Among them, gammaherpesvirus, specifically HHV4 (EBV) and HHV8 (KSHV), are two oncogenic viral agents associated with a large number of human malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to EBV and KSHV infection and their ability to induce cellular transformation. We describe their strategies for manipulating major cellular systems through the utilization of cell cycle, apoptosis, immune modulation, epigenetic modification, and altered signal transduction pathways, including NF-kB, Notch, Wnt, MAPK, TLR, etc. We also discuss the important EBV latent antigens, namely EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3’s and LMP’s, which are important for targeting these major cellular pathways. KSHV infection progresses through the engagement of the activities of the major latent proteins LANA, v-FLIP and v-Cyclin, and the lytic replication and transcription activator (RTA). This review is a current, comprehensive approach that describes an in-depth understanding of gammaherpes viral encoded gene manipulation of the host system through targeting important biological processes in viral-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610, Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610, Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610, Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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57
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Bosselut R. Pleiotropic Functions of H3K27Me3 Demethylases in Immune Cell Differentiation. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:102-113. [PMID: 26796037 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27Me3) contributes to gene repression, notably through recruitment of Polycomb complexes, and has long been considered essential to maintain cell identity. Whereas H3K27Me3 was thought to be stable and not catalytically reversible, the discovery of the Utx and Jmjd3 demethylases changed this notion, raising new questions on the role of these enzymes in gene expression and cell differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated critical roles for Utx and Jmjd3 in the development and function of immune cells, and revealed both demethylase and demethylase-independent activities of these enzymes. I review these finding here, and discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the broad, yet highly cell- and gene-specific, impact of these enzymes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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58
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Hofstetter C, Kampka JM, Huppertz S, Weber H, Schlosser A, Müller AM, Becker M. Inhibition of KDM6 activity during murine ESC differentiation induces DNA damage. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:788-803. [PMID: 26759175 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterised by their capacity to self-renew indefinitely while maintaining the potential to differentiate into all cell types of an adult organism. Both the undifferentiated and differentiated states are defined by specific gene expression programs that are regulated at the chromatin level. Here, we have analysed the contribution of the H3K27me2- and H3K27me23-specific demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B to murine ESC differentiation by employing the GSK-J4 inhibitor, which is specific for KDM6 proteins, and by targeted gene knockout (KO) and knockdown. We observe that inhibition of the H3K27 demethylase activity induces DNA damage along with activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell death in differentiating but not in undifferentiated ESCs. Laser microirradiation experiments revealed that the H3K27me3 mark, but not the KDM6B protein, colocalise with γH2AX-positive sites of DNA damage in differentiating ESCs. Lack of H3K27me3 attenuates the GSK-J4-induced DDR in differentiating Eed-KO ESCs. Collectively, our findings indicate that differentiating ESCs depend on KDM6 and that the H3K27me3 demethylase activity is crucially involved in DDR and survival of differentiating ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hofstetter
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Justyna M Kampka
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Sascha Huppertz
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Microarray Core Unit, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
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59
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Narayanan R, Pirouz M, Kerimoglu C, Pham L, Wagener R, Kiszka KA, Rosenbusch J, Seong R, Kessel M, Fischer A, Stoykova A, Staiger J, Tuoc T. Loss of BAF (mSWI/SNF) Complexes Causes Global Transcriptional and Chromatin State Changes in Forebrain Development. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1842-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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60
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Zemke M, Draganova K, Klug A, Schöler A, Zurkirchen L, Gay MHP, Cheng P, Koseki H, Valenta T, Schübeler D, Basler K, Sommer L. Loss of Ezh2 promotes a midbrain-to-forebrain identity switch by direct gene derepression and Wnt-dependent regulation. BMC Biol 2015; 13:103. [PMID: 26621269 PMCID: PMC4665911 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression is essential for the establishment of correct cell numbers and identities during brain development. This process involves epigenetic control mechanisms, such as those mediated by the polycomb group protein Ezh2, which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) and thereby represses gene expression. RESULTS Herein, we show that Ezh2 plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the midbrain. Conditional deletion of Ezh2 in the developing midbrain resulted in decreased neural progenitor proliferation, which is associated with derepression of cell cycle inhibitors and negative regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Of note, Ezh2 ablation also promoted ectopic expression of a forebrain transcriptional program involving derepression of the forebrain determinants Foxg1 and Pax6. This was accompanied by reduced expression of midbrain markers, including Pax3 and Pax7, as a consequence of decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION Ezh2 is required for appropriate brain growth and maintenance of regional identity by H3K27me3-mediated gene repression and control of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zemke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Kalina Draganova
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Annika Klug
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Schöler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Luis Zurkirchen
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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61
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Manna S, Kim JK, Baugé C, Cam M, Zhao Y, Shetty J, Vacchio MS, Castro E, Tran B, Tessarollo L, Bosselut R. Histone H3 Lysine 27 demethylases Jmjd3 and Utx are required for T-cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8152. [PMID: 26328764 PMCID: PMC4569738 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27Me3) is associated with gene silencing, whether H3K27Me3 demethylation affects transcription and cell differentiation in vivo has remained elusive. To investigate this, we conditionally inactivated the two H3K27Me3 demethylases, Jmjd3 and Utx, in non-dividing intrathymic CD4(+) T-cell precursors. Here we show that both enzymes redundantly promote H3K27Me3 removal at, and expression of, a specific subset of genes involved in terminal thymocyte differentiation, especially S1pr1, encoding a sphingosine-phosphate receptor required for thymocyte egress. Thymocyte expression of S1pr1 was not rescued in Jmjd3- and Utx-deficient male mice, which carry the catalytically inactive Utx homolog Uty, supporting the conclusion that it requires H3K27Me3 demethylase activity. These findings demonstrate that Jmjd3 and Utx are required for T-cell development, and point to a requirement for their H3K27Me3 demethylase activity in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Manna
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jong Kyong Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Catherine Baugé
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Cam
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Melanie S Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Kang SC, Kim SK, Chai JC, Kim SH, Won KJ, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. Transcriptomic Profiling and H3K27me3 Distribution Reveal Both Demethylase-Dependent and Independent Regulation of Developmental Gene Transcription in Cell Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135276. [PMID: 26263556 PMCID: PMC4532468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3) plays a critical role in the transcriptional initiation of developmental genes. The H3K27me3-specific KDM6 demethylases JMJD3 and UTX are responsible for the transcriptional initiation of various developmental genes, but some genes are expressed in a KDM6 demethylase-independent manner. To address the role of H3K27me3 in the retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of the human carcinoma NCCIT cell line, we inhibited JMJD3 and UTX using the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4. The commitment of JMJD3/UTX-inhibited cells to a specific fate was delayed, and transcriptome profiling also revealed the differential expression of genes related to cell fate specification in demethylase-inactivated cells; the expression levels of RA metabolism and HOX family genes significantly decreased. We observed a weak correlation between H3K27me3 enrichment and transcriptional repression in the control and JMJD/UTX-inhibited cells, except for a few sets of developmental genes that are indispensable for cell fate specification. Taken together, these results provide the H3K27me3 landscape of a differentiating cell line and suggest that both demethylase-dependent and demethylase-independent transcriptional regulation play a role in early differentiation and developmental gene expression activated by H3K27me3 demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Kang
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kye Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Genetics Department, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YG); (KH)
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YG); (KH)
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63
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Burchfield JS, Li Q, Wang HY, Wang RF. JMJD3 as an epigenetic regulator in development and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:148-57. [PMID: 26193001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is epigenetically regulated through DNA methylation and covalent chromatin modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and methylation of histones. Histone methylation state is dynamically regulated by different groups of histone methyltransferases and demethylases. The trimethylation of histone 3 (H3K4) at lysine 4 is usually associated with the activation of gene expression, whereas trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27) is associated with the repression of gene expression. The polycomb repressive complex contains the H3K27 methyltransferase Ezh2 and controls dimethylation and trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me2/3). The Jumonji domain containing-3 (Jmjd3, KDM6B) and ubiquitously transcribed X-chromosome tetratricopeptide repeat protein (UTX, KDM6A) have been identified as H3K27 demethylases that catalyze the demethylation of H3K27me2/3. The role and mechanisms of both JMJD3 and UTX have been extensively studied for their involvement in development, cell plasticity, immune system, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. In this review, we will focus on recent progresses made on understanding JMJD3 in the regulation of gene expression in development and diseases. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana S Burchfield
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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64
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Kamikawa YF, Donohoe ME. Histone demethylation maintains Prdm14 and Tsix expression and represses xIst in embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125626. [PMID: 25993097 PMCID: PMC4439117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is exemplified by the remarkable changes observed in cellular differentiation and X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mammalian female cells. Histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is a modification that suppresses gene expression in multiple contexts including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and decorates the entire inactive X-chromosome. The conversion of female somatic cells to induced pluripotency is accompanied by X-chromosome reactivation (XCR) and H3K27me3 erasure. Here, we show that the H3K27-specific demethylase Utx regulates the expression of the master regulators for XCI and XCR: Prdm14, Tsix, and Xist. Female ESC transcriptome analysis using a small molecule inhibitor for H3K27 demethylases, GSK-J4, identifies novel targets of H3K27 demethylation. Consistent with a recent report that GSK-J4 can inhibit other histone demethylase, we found that elevated H3K4me3 levels are associated with increased gene expression including Xist. Our data suggest multiple regulatory mechanisms for XCI via histone demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunao F. Kamikawa
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Development, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Donohoe
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Development, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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65
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Alberghini F, Petrocelli V, Rahmat M, Casola S. An epigenetic view of B‐cell disorders. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:253-60. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahshid Rahmat
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation Milan Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation Milan Italy
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66
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Iida A, Iwagawa T, Baba Y, Satoh S, Mochizuki Y, Nakauchi H, Furukawa T, Koseki H, Murakami A, Watanabe S. Roles of histone H3K27 trimethylase Ezh2 in retinal proliferation and differentiation. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:947-60. [PMID: 25556712 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histone modification H3K27me3 regulates transcription negatively, and Jmjd3 and Ezh2 demethylate and methylate H3K27me3 and H3K27, respectively. We demonstrated previously that Jmjd3 plays pivotal roles in the differentiation of subsets of bipolar (BP) cells by regulating H3K27me3 levels at the Bhlhb4 and Vsx1 loci, both of which are transcription factors essential for the maturation of BP cell subsets. In this study, we examined the role of Ezh2 in retinal development using retina-specific Ezh2 conditional knockout mice (Ezh2-CKO). The eyes of the Ezh2-CKO mice were microphthalemic, and the proliferation of retinal cells was diminished postnatally in Ezh2-CKO. Differentiation of all examined retinal subsets was observed with higher proportion of BP cell subsets, which was determined by immunostaining using specific retinal markers. The onsets of Müller glia and rod photoreceptor differentiation were accelerated. The expression of Bhlhb4 was increased in postnatal retinas, which was accompanied by the loss of H3K27me3 modifications at these genetic loci. Decreased expression of proneural genes in postnatal stage was observed. As reported previously in other Ezh2-KO tissues, increased expression of Arf/Ink4a was observed in the Ezh2-CKO retinas. The ectopic expression of Arf or Ink4a in the retina suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, earlier onset of Müller glia differentiation was observed in Ink4a-expressing cells. These results support an important role for histone H3K27me3 modification in regulating the proliferation and maturation of certain subsets of interneurons in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Iida
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Toshiro Iwagawa
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yukihiro Baba
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yujin Mochizuki
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Allergy and Immunology, Kanagawa
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
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Zhang F, Xu L, Xu L, Xu Q, Li D, Yang Y, Karsenty G, Chen CD. JMJD3 promotes chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy during endochondral bone formation in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:23-34. [PMID: 25587042 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
JMJD3 (KDM6B) is an H3K27me3 demethylase and counteracts polycomb-mediated transcription repression. However, the function of JMJD3 in vivo is not well understood. Here we show that JMJD3 is highly expressed in cells of the chondrocyte lineage, especially in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes, during endochondral ossification. Homozygous deletion of Jmjd3 results in severely decreased proliferation and delayed hypertrophy of chondrocytes, and thereby marked retardation of endochondral ossification in mice. Genetically, JMJD3 associates with RUNX2 to promote proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes. Biochemically, JMJD3 associates with and enhances RUNX2 activity by derepression of Runx2 and Ihh transcription through its H3K27me3 demethylase activity. These results demonstrate that JMJD3 is a key epigenetic regulator in the process of cartilage maturation during endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Longyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charlie Degui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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7q11.23 dosage-dependent dysregulation in human pluripotent stem cells affects transcriptional programs in disease-relevant lineages. Nat Genet 2014; 47:132-41. [PMID: 25501393 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell reprogramming promises to make characterization of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease experimentally tractable by enabling the bridging of genotypes to phenotypes in developmentally relevant human cell lineages. Here we apply this paradigm to two disorders caused by symmetrical copy number variations of 7q11.23, which display a striking combination of shared and symmetrically opposite phenotypes--Williams-Beuren syndrome and 7q-microduplication syndrome. Through analysis of transgene-free patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated derivatives, we find that 7q11.23 dosage imbalance disrupts transcriptional circuits in disease-relevant pathways beginning in the pluripotent state. These alterations are then selectively amplified upon differentiation of the pluripotent cells into disease-relevant lineages. A considerable proportion of this transcriptional dysregulation is specifically caused by dosage imbalances in GTF2I, which encodes a key transcription factor at 7q11.23 that is associated with the LSD1 repressive chromatin complex and silences its dosage-sensitive targets.
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69
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Shi X, Zhang Z, Zhan X, Cao M, Satoh T, Akira S, Shpargel K, Magnuson T, Li Q, Wang R, Wang C, Ge K, Wu J. An epigenetic switch induced by Shh signalling regulates gene activation during development and medulloblastoma growth. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5425. [PMID: 25370275 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway plays important roles during development and in cancer. Here we report a Shh-induced epigenetic switch that cooperates with Gli to control transcription outcomes. Before induction, poised Shh target genes are marked by a bivalent chromatin domain containing a repressive histone H3K27me3 mark and an active H3K4me3 mark. Shh activation induces a local switch of epigenetic cofactors from the H3K27 methyltransferase polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to an H3K27me3 demethylase Jmjd3/Kdm6b-centred coactivator complex. We also find that non-enzymatic activities of Jmjd3 are important and that Jmjd3 recruits the Set1/MLL H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in a Shh-dependent manner to resolve the bivalent domain. In vivo, changes of the bivalent domain accompanied Shh-activated cerebellar progenitor proliferation. Overall, our results reveal a regulatory mechanism that underlies the activation of Shh target genes and provides insight into the causes of various diseases and cancers exhibiting altered Shh signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Shi
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zilai Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center and Department of Host Defense, RIMD, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center and Department of Host Defense, RIMD, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karl Shpargel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Qingtian Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Kai Ge
- NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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70
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Corley M, Kroll KL. The roles and regulation of Polycomb complexes in neural development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:65-85. [PMID: 25367430 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the developing mammalian nervous system, common progenitors integrate both cell extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory programs to produce distinct neuronal and glial cell types as development proceeds. This spatiotemporal restriction of neural progenitor differentiation is enforced, in part, by the dynamic reorganization of chromatin into repressive domains by Polycomb repressive complexes, effectively limiting the expression of fate-determining genes. Here, we review the distinct roles that Polycomb repressive complexes play during neurogenesis and gliogenesis, while also highlighting recent work describing the molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamic activity in neural development. Further investigation of the way in which Polycomb complexes are regulated in neural development will enable more precise manipulation of neural progenitor differentiation facilitating the efficient generation of specific neuronal and glial cell types for many biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Corley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 320 McDonnell Sciences Building, Campus Box 8103, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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71
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Jumonji demethylases moderate precocious flowering at elevated temperature via regulation of FLC in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5098. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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72
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Park DH, Hong SJ, Salinas RD, Liu SJ, Sun SW, Sgualdino J, Testa G, Matzuk MM, Iwamori N, Lim DA. Activation of neuronal gene expression by the JMJD3 demethylase is required for postnatal and adult brain neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1290-9. [PMID: 25176653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain are poorly understood. Here, we show that JMJD3, a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, acts as a critical activator of neurogenesis from adult subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs. JMJD3 is upregulated in neuroblasts, and Jmjd3 deletion targeted to SVZ NSCs in both developing and adult mice impairs neuronal differentiation. JMJD3 regulates neurogenic gene expression via interaction at not only promoter regions but also neurogenic enhancer elements. JMJD3 localizes at neural enhancers genome-wide in embryonic brain, and in SVZ NSCs, JMJD3 regulates the I12b enhancer of Dlx2. In Jmjd3-deleted SVZ cells, I12b remains enriched with H3K27me3 and Dlx2-dependent neurogenesis fails. These findings support a model in which JMJD3 and the poised state of key transcriptional regulatory elements comprise an epigenetic mechanism that enables the activation of neurogenic gene expression in adult NSCs throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwi Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryan D Salinas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Siyuan John Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shawn W Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacopo Sgualdino
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Iwamori
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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73
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Shpargel KB, Starmer J, Yee D, Pohlers M, Magnuson T. KDM6 demethylase independent loss of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation during early embryonic development. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004507. [PMID: 25101834 PMCID: PMC4125042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The early mammalian embryo utilizes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) to maintain essential developmental genes in a repressive chromatin state. As differentiation progresses, H3K27me3 is removed in a distinct fashion to activate lineage specific patterns of developmental gene expression. These rapid changes in early embryonic chromatin environment are thought to be dependent on H3K27 demethylases. We have taken a mouse genetics approach to remove activity of both H3K27 demethylases of the Kdm6 gene family, Utx (Kdm6a, X-linked gene) and Jmjd3 (Kdm6b, autosomal gene). Male embryos null for active H3K27 demethylation by the Kdm6 gene family survive to term. At mid-gestation, embryos demonstrate proper patterning and activation of Hox genes. These male embryos retain the Y-chromosome UTX homolog, UTY, which cannot demethylate H3K27me3 due to mutations in catalytic site of the Jumonji-C domain. Embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking all enzymatic KDM6 demethylation exhibit a typical decrease in global H3K27me3 levels with differentiation. Retinoic acid differentiations of these ES cells demonstrate loss of H3K27me3 and gain of H3K4me3 to Hox promoters and other transcription factors, and induce expression similar to control cells. A small subset of genes exhibit decreased expression associated with reduction of promoter H3K4me3 and some low-level accumulation of H3K27me3. Finally, Utx and Jmjd3 mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) demonstrate dramatic loss of H3K27me3 from promoters of several Hox genes and transcription factors. Our results indicate that early embryonic H3K27me3 repression can be alleviated in the absence of active demethylation by the Kdm6 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B. Shpargel
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua Starmer
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Della Yee
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Pohlers
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li Q, Wang HY, Chepelev I, Zhu Q, Wei G, Zhao K, Wang RF. Stage-dependent and locus-specific role of histone demethylase Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) in the embryonic stages of lung development. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004524. [PMID: 25079229 PMCID: PMC4117460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone demethylases have emerged as important players in developmental processes. Jumonji domain containing-3 (Jmjd3) has been identified as a key histone demethylase that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression; however, the in vivo function of Jmjd3 in embryonic development remains largely unknown. To this end, we generated Jmjd3 global and conditional knockout mice. Global deletion of Jmjd3 induces perinatal lethality associated with defective lung development. Tissue and stage-specific deletion revealed that Jmjd3 is dispensable in the later stage of embryonic lung development. Jmjd3 ablation downregulates the expression of genes critical for lung development and function, including AQP-5 and SP-B. Jmjd3-mediated alterations in gene expression are associated with locus-specific changes in the methylation status of H3K27 and H3K4. Furthermore, Jmjd3 is recruited to the SP-B promoter through interactions with the transcription factor Nkx2.1 and the epigenetic protein Brg1. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Jmjd3 plays a stage-dependent and locus-specific role in the mouse lung development. Our study provides molecular insights into the mechanisms by which Jmjd3 regulates target gene expression in the embryonic stages of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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75
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Fueyo R, García MA, Martínez-Balbás MA. Jumonji family histone demethylases in neural development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:87-98. [PMID: 24950624 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) development is driven by coordinated actions of developmental signals and chromatin regulators that precisely regulate gene expression patterns. Histone methylation is a regulatory mechanism that controls transcriptional programs. In the last 10 years, several histone demethylases (HDM) have been identified as important players in neural development, and their implication in cell fate decisions is beginning to be recognized. Identification of the physiological roles of these enzymes and their molecular mechanisms of action will be necessary for completely understanding the process that ultimately generates different neural cells in the CNS. In this review, we provide an overview of the Jumonji family of HDMs involved in neurodevelopment, and we discuss their roles during neural fate establishment and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fueyo
- Department of Molecular Genomics, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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76
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Li T, Yang D, Li J, Tang Y, Yang J, Le W. Critical role of Tet3 in neural progenitor cell maintenance and terminal differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:142-54. [PMID: 24838624 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), converted from 5-methylcytocine (5mC) by Tet family of dioxygenases (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3), is enriched in the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in the brain. However, the role of 5hmC and Tet family in the process of ESC differentiation especially neuronal differentiation remains elusive. Here, we showed the evidence that Tet3 is critical in neural progenitor cell (NPC) maintenance and terminal differentiation of neurons. We found that Tet3 expression is basically undetectable in ESCs, but its level increases rapidly during neuronal differentiation. Tet3 knockout ESCs appear normal in self-renewal and maintenance but impaired in neuronal differentiation. NPCs could be induced efficiently from Tet3 knockout ESCs, as the expression of NPC marker Pax6 and nestin is comparable with NPCs from wild-type ESCs, but undergo apoptosis rapidly, and the terminal differentiation of neurons is greatly reduced. Our results indicate that Tet3 is important for NPC maintenance and terminal differentiation of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
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77
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Histone demethylase Jmjd3 is required for the development of subsets of retinal bipolar cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3751-6. [PMID: 24572572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311480111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Di- and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me2/3) is an important gene repression mechanism. H3K27me2/3-specific demethylase, Jmjd3, was expressed in the inner nuclear layer during late retinal development. In contrast, H3K27 methyltransferase, Ezh2, was highly expressed in the embryonic retina but its expression decreased rapidly after birth. Jmjd3 loss of function in the developing retina resulted in failed differentiation of PKC-positive bipolar cell subsets (rod-ON-BP) and reduced transcription factor Bhlhb4 expression, which is critical for the differentiation of rod-ON-BP cells. Overexpression of Bhlhb4, but not of other BP cell-related genes, such as transcription factors Neurod and Chx10, in Jmjd3-knockdown retina rescued loss of PKC-positive BP cells. Populations of other retinal cell subsets were not significantly affected. In addition, proliferation activity and apoptotic cell number during retinal development were not affected by the loss of Jmjd3. Levels of histone H3 trimethyl Lys27 (H3K27me3) in the Bhlhb4 locus were lower in Islet-1-positive BP cells and amacrine cells than in the Islet-1-negative cell fraction. The Islet-1-negative cell fraction consisted mainly of photoreceptors, suggestive of lineage-specific demethylation of H3K27me3 in the Bhlhb4 locus. We propose that lineage-specific H3K27me3 demethylation of critical gene loci by spatiotemporal-specific Jmjd3 expression is required for appropriate maturation of retinal cells.
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78
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Johansson C, Tumber A, Che K, Cain P, Nowak R, Gileadi C, Oppermann U. The roles of Jumonji-type oxygenases in human disease. Epigenomics 2014; 6:89-120. [PMID: 24579949 PMCID: PMC4233403 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases constitute a phylogenetically conserved class of enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation reactions in humans by acting on various types of substrates, including metabolic intermediates, amino acid residues in different proteins and various types of nucleic acids. The discovery of jumonji (Jmj), the founding member of a class of Jmj-type chromatin modifying enzymes and transcriptional regulators, has culminated in the discovery of several branches of histone lysine demethylases, with essential functions in regulating the epigenetic landscape of the chromatin environment. This work has now been considerably expanded into other aspects of epigenetic biology and includes the discovery of enzymatic steps required for methyl-cytosine demethylation as well as modification of RNA and ribosomal proteins. This overview aims to summarize the current knowledge on the human Jmj-type enzymes and their involvement in human pathological processes, including development, cancer, inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrine Johansson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - KaHing Che
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Peter Cain
- Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Radoslaw Nowak
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Systems Approaches to Biomedical Sciences, Industrial Doctorate Center (SABS IDC) Oxford, UK
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Systems Approaches to Biomedical Sciences, Industrial Doctorate Center (SABS IDC) Oxford, UK
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79
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Viemari JC, Menuet C, Hilaire G. [Electrophysiological, molecular and genetic identifications of the pre-Bötzinger complex]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:875-82. [PMID: 24148126 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132910015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From birth onwards, rhythmic breathing is required for blood oxygenation and survival in mammals. During their lifespan, human or mouse or elephant will spontaneously produce several hundreds of millions of respiratory movements. The central nervous command responsible for these spontaneous rhythmic movements is elaborated by a complex neural network extending within the brainstem. In the medulla, a special part of this network contains respiratory pacemaker neurons that play a crucial role in respiratory rhythmogenesis: the pre-Bötzinger complex. This review summarizes and discusses the main electrophysiological, molecular and genetic mechanisms contributing to the function and the perinatal maturation of the pre-Bötzinger complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Viemari
- Équipe P3M (plasticité et physiopathologie de la motricité), institut de neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS-Aix-Marseille université, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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80
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Ohtani K, Zhao C, Dobreva G, Manavski Y, Kluge B, Braun T, Rieger MA, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 2013; 113:856-62. [PMID: 23856522 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The developmental role of the H3K27 demethylases Jmjd3, especially its epigenetic regulation at target genes in response to upstream developmental signaling, is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of Jmjd3 during mesoderm and cardiovascular lineage commitment. METHODS AND RESULTS Ablation of Jmjd3 in mouse embryonic stem cells does not affect the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal but compromised mesoderm and subsequent endothelial and cardiac differentiation. Jmjd3 reduces H3K27me3 marks at the Brachyury promoter and facilitates the recruitment of β-catenin, which is critical for Wnt signal-induced mesoderm differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Jmjd3 is required for mesoderm differentiation and cardiovascular lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisho Ohtani
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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81
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Biochemical and functional interactions of human papillomavirus proteins with polycomb group proteins. Viruses 2013; 5:1231-49. [PMID: 23673719 PMCID: PMC3712305 DOI: 10.3390/v5051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of enzymes involved in polycomb repression of gene transcription has been studied extensively in human cancer. Polycomb repressive complexes mediate oncogene-induced senescence, a principal innate cell-intrinsic tumor suppressor pathway that thwarts expansion of cells that have suffered oncogenic hits. Infections with human cancer viruses including human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus can trigger oncogene-induced senescence, and the viruses have evolved strategies to abrogate this response in order to establish an infection and reprogram their host cells to establish a long-term persistent infection. As a consequence of inhibiting polycomb repression and evading oncogene induced-senescence, HPV infected cells have an altered epigenetic program as evidenced by aberrant homeobox gene expression. Similar alterations are frequently observed in non-virus associated human cancers and may be harnessed for diagnosis and therapy.
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82
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Hickok JR, Vasudevan D, Antholine WE, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide modifies global histone methylation by inhibiting Jumonji C domain-containing demethylases. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16004-15. [PMID: 23546878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.432294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of lysine residues on histone tails is an important epigenetic modification that is dynamically regulated through the combined effects of methyltransferases and demethylases. The Jumonji C domain Fe(II) α-ketoglutarate family of proteins performs the majority of histone demethylation. We demonstrate that nitric oxide ((•)NO) directly inhibits the activity of the demethylase KDM3A by forming a nitrosyliron complex in the catalytic pocket. Exposing cells to either chemical or cellular sources of (•)NO resulted in a significant increase in dimethyl Lys-9 on histone 3 (H3K9me2), the preferred substrate for KDM3A. G9a, the primary methyltransferase acting on H3K9me2, was down-regulated in response to (•)NO, and changes in methylation state could not be accounted for by methylation in general. Furthermore, cellular iron sequestration via dinitrosyliron complex formation correlated with increased methylation. The mRNA of several histone demethylases and methyltransferases was also differentially regulated in response to (•)NO. Taken together, these data reveal three novel and distinct mechanisms whereby (•)NO can affect histone methylation as follows: direct inhibition of Jumonji C demethylase activity, reduction in iron cofactor availability, and regulation of expression of methyl-modifying enzymes. This model of (•)NO as an epigenetic modulator provides a novel explanation for nonclassical gene regulation by (•)NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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