51
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Pardo R, Vilà M, Cervela L, de Marco M, Gama-Pérez P, González-Franquesa A, Statuto L, Vilallonga R, Simó R, Garcia-Roves PM, Villena JA. Calorie restriction prevents diet-induced insulin resistance independently of PGC-1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue. FASEB J 2018; 33:2343-2358. [PMID: 30277821 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) exerts remarkable, beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Given the relevance of white adipose tissue (WAT) in glucose homeostasis, we aimed at identifying the main cellular processes regulated in WAT in response to CR in a pathologic context of obesity. For this, a gene-expression profiling study was first conducted in mice fed ad libitum or subjected to 40% CR. We found that the gene network related to mitochondria was the most highly upregulated in WAT by CR. To study the role that increased mitochondrial biogenesis plays on glucose homeostasis following CR, we generated a mouse model devoid of the coactivators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1)α and PGC-1β specifically in adipocytes. Our results show that mice lacking PGC-1s in adipocytes are unable to increase mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT upon CR. Despite a blunted induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in response to calorie deprivation, mice lacking adipose PGC-1s still respond to CR by improving their glucose homeostasis. Our study demonstrates that PGC-1 coactivators are major regulators of CR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT and that increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in adipose tissue are not required for the improvement of glucose homeostasis mediated by CR.-Pardo, R., Vilà, M., Cervela, L., de Marco, M., Gama-Pérez, P., González-Franquesa, A., Statuto, L., Vilallonga, R., Simó, R., Garcia-Roves, P. M., Villena, J. A. Calorie restriction prevents diet-induced insulin resistance independently of PGC-1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilà
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Cervela
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina de Marco
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Pérez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba González-Franquesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Statuto
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vilallonga
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Unit, European Accreditation Council for Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Unit of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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52
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Stojanović O, Kieser S, Trajkovski M. Common traits between the beige fat-inducing stimuli. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:67-73. [PMID: 30007128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues play an essential role in regulating the metabolic homeostasis and can be found in almost all parts of the body. Excessive adiposity leads to obesity and can contribute to metabolic and other disorders. Adipocytes show remarkable plasticity in their function, which can be pushed toward energy storage, or energy expenditure-a `browning' of fat. Browning is controlled by the cellular milieu of the adipose tissue, with sympathetic innervation and by immune responses as key integrators of the signals that promote browning. Here, we describe the latest contributions to our understanding of how different metabolic stimuli can shape the adipocyte function. We especially focus on the role of the gut microbiota and the negative energy balance in regulating the browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silas Kieser
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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53
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Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. Role of Human Brown Fat in Obesity, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease: Strategies to Turn Up the Heat. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:232-245. [PMID: 29981351 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) was re-discovered in 2009 by several independent groups, who showed that it is present and active in adults, as judged from the profound uptake of the glucose analogue radiotracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in positron-emission tomography and computed tomography scan analysis after cold exposure. A potential clinical implication of activating BAT relates to its high metabolic activity and its potential role in stimulating energy expenditure (i.e. resting energy expenditure, meal-induced thermogenesis, and cold-induced thermogenesis), which makes it an attractive target to reduce adiposity. Moreover, due to its ability to oxidise glucose and lipids, BAT activation may also potentially exert beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular effects through reducing glucose and lipid levels, respectively. This review describes the potential role of human BAT in the prevention and treatment of obesity, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease focusing on its impact on energy expenditure and management of body fat accumulation as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism. This article also summarises the strategies that are currently being studied to activate human BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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54
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Balazova L, Wolfrum C, Balaz M. Weight Loss and Adipose Tissue Browning in Humans: The Chicken or the Egg? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:450-452. [PMID: 29548805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes within white fat depots represents a promising strategy to increase energy expenditure. Negative energy balance has been reported to promote adipose tissue browning in rodents. In a recent issue of Cell Reports, Barquissau et al. show that caloric restriction-associated weight loss does not induce browning of subcutaneous abdominal white fat in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balazova
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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55
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Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Villarroya J, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Giralt M. Toward an Understanding of How Immune Cells Control Brown and Beige Adipobiology. Cell Metab 2018; 27:954-961. [PMID: 29719233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells were recently found to have an unexpected involvement in controlling the thermogenic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. Here, we review how macrophages, eosinophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and T lymphocytes are linked to this process. In particular, the recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages and eosinophils is associated with brown fat activation and white fat browning. Conversely, pro-inflammatory immune cell recruitment represses the thermogenic activity of brown and beige adipose tissues via cytokines that inhibit noradrenergic signaling. Macrophages also influence the noradrenergic tone by degrading norepinephrine locally and by inhibiting sympathetic innervation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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56
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Kane AE, Sinclair DA, Mitchell JR, Mitchell SJ. Sex differences in the response to dietary restriction in rodents. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:28-34. [PMID: 31231711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) remains the most reproducible and consistent laboratory intervention to extend lifespan and improve health in mammals. DR has been primarily characterized in males due to issues of cost, perceived heightened variability amongst females, and the misconception that the reproductive system is the only important difference between sexes in mammals. In reality, existing data point to clear sex differences in mammalian responses to DR. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of sex differences in the responses to DR in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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