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Guénard F, Jacques H, Gagnon C, Marette A, Vohl MC. Acute Effects of Single Doses of Bonito Fish Peptides and Vitamin D on Whole Blood Gene Expression Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081944. [PMID: 31010033 PMCID: PMC6514567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish contains high quality proteins and essential nutrients including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Fish peptide consumption can lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and studies have shown an association between 25(OH)D deficiency, CVD and CVD risk factors, such as diabetes. This study investigated acute effects of a single dose of cholecalciferol (VitD3), bonito fish peptide hydrolysate (BPH), or a combination of both on CVD risk factors and whole blood gene expression levels. A randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trial was conducted in 22 adults. They ingested, in random order and at 7-day intervals, 1000 IU of VitD3, 3 g of BPH, a combination of both, or a placebo. A 180 min oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Differences in whole-genome expression levels after versus before each supplementation were computed for 18 subjects. We observed that 16, 1 and 5 transcripts were differentially expressed post- vs. pre-ingestion for VitD3, BPH or VitD3 + BPH treatments, respectively. VitD3-containing treatments affected the expression of the solute carrier family 25 member 20 (SLC25A20) gene involved in fatty acid oxidation, various transcription factors and genes related to glucose metabolism. These results suggest that VitD3 rapidly modulates genes related to CVD risk factors in blood while BPH seems to moderately modulate gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guénard
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Hélène Jacques
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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The effects of vitamin D supplementation on indices of glycemic control in Iranian diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 34:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mostafai R, Nachvakc SM, Mohammadi R, Rocha RS, da Silva MC, Esmerino EA, Nascimento KO, Cruz AG, Mortazavian AM. Effects of vitamin D-fortified yogurt in comparison to oral vitamin D supplement on hyperlipidemia in pre-diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Barzegari M, Sarbakhsh P, Mobasseri M, Noshad H, Esfandiari A, Khodadadi B, Gargari BP. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles and oxidative indices among diabetic nephropathy patients with marginal vitamin D status. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:542-547. [PMID: 30641762 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes which insufficient vitamin D might -have a role in it's incidence. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles and oxidative/anti-oxidative indices in marginal vitamin D status patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS For the current paralleled, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 50 diabetic nephropathy patients with marginal serum vitamin D were selected. Intervention group received 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (50000 IU/week, n = 25), and placebo group (n = 25) received an identical placebo, for 8 weeks. Lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, TG and TC) and oxidative/anti-oxidative markers (TAC, SOD, CAT, GPX and MDA) were measured. RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased vitamin D status in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The reductions in the serum levels of TG, LDL and TC were significant (P = 0.04, P = 0.006 and P = 0.02, respectively) in the intervention group. The changes in oxidative/anti-oxidative markers and HDL levels were not significant after intervention. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation for 8 weeks among diabetic nephropathy patients has beneficial effects on serum vitamin D status and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Barzegari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Noshad
- Chronic Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asra Esfandiari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Khodadadi
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research & Food Research Institute of Iran, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fallah AA, Sarmast E, Habibian Dehkordi S, Engardeh J, Mahmoodnia L, Khaledifar A, Jafari T. Effect of Chlorella supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1892-1901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Angellotti E, D'Alessio D, Dawson-Hughes B, Chu Y, Nelson J, Hu P, Cohen RM, Pittas AG. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2449-2453. [PMID: 30352748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Whether vitamin D affects lipid profile and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is controversial. We evaluated the effect of oral daily vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile and CVD risk in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. METHODS Secondary analysis in the vitamin D for established type 2 diabetes (DDM2) study, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 127 patients (mean age 60 years) with stable (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) diabetes managed with lifestyle only or lifestyle plus metformin were randomized to receive 4000 IU/day of vitamin D3 (n = 66) or placebo (n = 61) for 48 weeks. Changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides [TG] and TG/HDL ratio), C-reactive protein and CVD risk (calculated according the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association [ACC/AHA] guidelines) were assessed at week 24 and 48. RESULTS The mean [±SEM] plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was higher in the vitamin D vs. the placebo group (20.5 ± 1.18 vs. -1.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL respectively; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in lipid profile, C-reactive protein or CVD risk. Among patients who were not on cholesterol medication (n = 32), vitamin D supplementation reduced TG compared to placebo at week 48 (-18.74 ± 8.91 vs. 9.69 ± 8.60 mg/dL respectively; p = 0.032). CONCLUSION One year supplementation with vitamin D3 at 4000 IU/day did not affect lipid profile, C-reactive protein and CVD risk in patients with stable type 2 diabetes not selected for vitamin D deficiency, with the exception of improvement of TG among patients not on cholesterol medication. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01736865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Angellotti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, #268, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - David D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. david.d'
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, #268, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Yan Chu
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Jason Nelson
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Peter Hu
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Robert M Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0547, USA.
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, #268, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Mirhosseini N, Rainsbury J, Kimball SM. Vitamin D Supplementation, Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:87. [PMID: 30050908 PMCID: PMC6052909 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are associated with low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in observational studies; however, clinical trial findings are inconsistent. Objective: We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation and increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations on CVD risk factors in a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Design: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs that evaluated vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes [blood pressure, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL, respectively), triglycerides, peak wave velocity (PWV) and Augmentation Index (AI)] from 1992 through 2017. Meta-analysis was based on a random-effects model and inverse variance method to calculate standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect sizes, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. Risk of publication bias was assessed using Cochrane checklist and Begg funnel plots. The systematic review is registered as CRD42015025346. Results: We identified 2341 studies from which 81 met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.102 ± 0.04 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.20 to −0.03), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.07 ± 0.03 mmHg, 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.006), serum PTH (SMD = −0.66 ± 0.08 ng/L, 95% CI, −0.82 to −0.49), hs-CRP (SMD = −0.20 ± 0.07 mg/L, 95% CI, −0.34 to −0.06), total cholesterol (SMD = −0.15 ± 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.04), LDL (SMD = −0.10 ± 0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.003), triglycerides (SMD = −0.12 ± 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.003) and a significant increase in HDL (SMD = 0.09 ± 0.04 mmol/L, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.17) with vitamin D supplementation. These findings remained significant in sensitivity analyses for blood pressure, lipid profile, serum PTH, and serum hs-CRP. There was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on PWV (SMD = −0.20 ± 0.13 m/s, 95% CI, −0.46 to 0.06, p = 0.14) and AI (SMD = −0.09 ± 0.14%, 95% CI, −0.37 to 0.19, p = 0.52) for vitamin D supplemented groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may act to protect against CVD through improving risk factors, including high blood pressure, elevated PTH, dyslipidemia, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha M Kimball
- Pure North S'Energy Foundation, Calgary, AB, Canada.,St. Mary's University, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Beal C, Gorgey A, Moore P, Wong N, Adler RA, Gater D. Higher dietary intake of vitamin D may influence total cholesterol and carbohydrate profile independent of body composition in men with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2018; 41:459-470. [PMID: 28812446 PMCID: PMC6055974 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1361561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control design. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of dietary vitamin D intake on insulin sensitivity (Si), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and lipid profile in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS 20 male, paraplegic (T3-L1) with chronic (> one year) motor complete SCI (AIS A or B) were recruited. Three-day dietary records were analyzed for dietary vitamin D (calciferol), and participants were assigned to one of two groups, a high vitamin D intake group and a low vitamin D intake group based on the mid-point of vitamin D frequency distribution. Individuals in both groups were matched based on age, weight, time since injury and level of injury. Sg, Si and lipid profiles were measured of the two groups. RESULTS The high vitamin D group had an average intake of 5.33 ± 4.14 mcg compared to low vitamin D group, 0.74 ± 0.24 mcg. None of the 20 participants met the recommended guidelines for daily vitamin D intake. The higher vitamin D group had a significantly lower (P = 0.035) total cholesterol (148.00 ± 14.12 mg/dl) than the lower vitamin D group (171.80 ± 36.22 mg/dl). Vitamin D adjusted to total dietary intake was positively correlated to improvement in Si and Sg (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that persons with SCI consume much less than the recommended guidelines for daily vitamin D intake. However, a higher dietary intake of vitamin D may influence total cholesterol and carbohydrate profile as demonstrated by a significant decrease in total cholesterol and improvement in glucose homeostasis independent of body composition changes after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Beal
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashraf Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pamela Moore
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert A. Adler
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Endocrinology Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Vitamin D supplementation and lipoprotein metabolism: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:588-596.e4. [PMID: 29653812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an unfavorable lipid profile, but whether and how vitamin D supplementation affects lipid metabolism is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein parameters. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial (2011-2014). Two hundred individuals with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of <75 nmol/L were randomized to 2800 IU of vitamin D daily or placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS One hundred sixty-three participants (62.2 [53.1-68.4] years of age; 46% women) had available lipid data and were included in this analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-ApoB, ApoCII, ApoCIII, phospholipids, and ApoE (P < .05 for all). Except for ApoCII and ApoCIII and HDL-triglycerides, all other treatment effects remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate method. There was a nonsignificant increase in LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, no significant effects were seen on free fatty acids, lipoprotein (a), ApoAI, ApoAII, VLDL cholesterol, VLDL-ApoB, HDL cholesterol, LDL diameter, and VLDL diameter. CONCLUSIONS The effects of vitamin D on lipid metabolism are potentially unfavorable. They require further investigation in view of the wide use of vitamin D testing and treatment.
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Liyanage GC, Lekamwasam S, Weerarathna TP, Liyanage CE. Effects of high-dose parenteral vitamin D therapy on lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S767-S770. [PMID: 28606441 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aim of this study was to determine the effect of high dose vitamin D given to patients with early diabetic renal disease on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in a randomized controlled trial MATERIALS AND METHOD: Patients with early diabetic nephropathy were recruited. Selected patients were allocated to two groups by Block randomization method. Treatment group received 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 intramuscularly and the control group was given an equal volume of distilled water (0.25mL) monthly for six months. Blood and urine were collected at the baseline for biochemical analyses and blood pressure was measured. After six months all the measurements done at the baseline were repeated. RESULTS Of 155 patients invited, 85 were randomly assigned to two groups. No significant differences were found between treatment and control groups at the baseline. Vitamin D therapy significantly reduced DBP, total cholesterol and LDL but the between group differences were not significant. There was an increase in HDL cholesterol level in the treatment group while there was no change in the control group Between groups difference was significant (P=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant improvement of serum HDL level with six months therapy of high dose vitamin D in patients with early diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani C Liyanage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sarath Lekamwasam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
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Jafari T, Rostampour N, Fallah AA, Hesami A. The association between mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:289-297. [PMID: 28965590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The relationship between mercury and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has always been a topic of controversy among researchers. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ASD and mercury levels in hair, urine, blood, red blood cells (RBC), and brain through a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was performed in several databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane register of controlled trials, Google Scholar, Scopus, and MagIran until June 2017. Case-control studies evaluating concentration of total mercury in different tissues of ASD patients and comparing them to the healthy subjects (control group) were identified. Necessary data were extracted and random effects model was used to calculate overall effect and its 95% corresponding confidence interval (CI) from the effect sizes. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were identified that met the necessary criteria for meta-analysis. The mercury level in whole blood (Hedges=0.43, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74, P=0.007), RBC (Hedges=1.61, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.38, P<0.001), and brain (0.61ng/g, 95% CI, 0.02, 1.19, P=0.043) was significantly higher in ASD patients than healthy subjects, whereas mercury level in hair (-0.14mg/g, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01, P=0.039) was significantly lower in ASD patients than healthy subjects. The mercury level in urine was not significantly different between ASD patients and healthy subjects (0.51mg/g creatinine, 95% CI: -0.14, 1.16, P=0.121). CONCLUSIONS Results of the current meta-analysis revealed that mercury is an important causal factor in the etiology of ASD. It seems that the detoxification and excretory mechanisms are impaired in ASD patients which lead to accumulation of mercury in the body. Future additional studies on mercury levels in different tissues of ASD patients should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jafari
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharhekord, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Noushin Rostampour
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Aziz A Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 34141, Iran
| | - Afshin Hesami
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharhekord, Iran
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Nada AM, Shaheen DA. Cholecalciferol improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: a 6-month prospective interventional study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:813-820. [PMID: 28740392 PMCID: PMC5508814 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s132344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose To investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients who have vitamin D deficiency. Patients and methods One hundred twenty-five type 2 diabetic patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents as mono- or combination therapy were recruited from the diabetes and endocrinology clinic. Subject demographics, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medication, body mass index (BMI), pulse, and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. Laboratory measurements of serum vitamin D3 level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile were measured. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated whenever fasting insulin (FI) was available. Forty-one patients (27 males and 14 females) were started on cholecalciferol replacement–45,000 units once weekly for 8 weeks and then 22,500 units once weekly for 16 weeks. Calcium carbonate tablets 500 mg once daily were also prescribed for the initial 2 months of treatment. Measured variables were reassessed after 6 months of replacement therapy. During the trial, subjects were instructed not to change their diabetes drugs or lifestyle. Results No significant association was found between vitamin D3 level and any of the measured variables apart from a significant positive correlation with blood urea nitrogen. Vitamin D3 replacement was associated with a significant increase in its level (14.0±4.0 vs 31.0 vs 7.9 ng/mL, P<0.001). This was associated with a significant reduction of HbA1c (7.9±1.7 vs 7.4%±1.2%, P=0.001) and FPG (9.1±4.3 vs 7.9±2.4 mmol/L, P=0.034). Mean reduction of HbA1c was 0.54% and that of FPG was 1.22 mmol/L. FI, c-peptide and insulin resistance (IR) were reduced but this was statistically insignificant (P=0.069, 0.376, 0.058, respectively). FI decreased by 22%, HOMA-IR by 27.6%, and c-peptide by 1.83%. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and pulse rate significantly decreased (4.3±0.9 vs 4.0±0.9 mmol/L, P=0.036; 2.5±0.8 vs 2.2±0.8 mmol/L, P=0.018; 4.6±2.1 vs 3.5±1.8 pmol/L, P=0.001; 82.1±26.2 vs 66.2±19.5 U/L, P<0.001; 74.6±15.6 vs 70.7±14.7 μmol/L, P=0.047; and 81.6±11.9 vs 77.5±12.0 bpm, P=0.045, respectively). Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, both systolic and diastolic BP, and BMI did not show significant change. Conclusion Cholecalciferol helps improve blood glucose control and cholesterol profile in vitamin D3-deficient type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalia A Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Anabtawi A, Moriarty PM, Miles JM. Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 19:62. [PMID: 28528456 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the study is to review the use of statins and the role of both non-statin lipid-lowering agents and diabetes-specific medications in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia. RECENT FINDINGS Statins have a primary role in the treatment of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes, defined as triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL. A number of clinical trials suggest that treatment with a fibrate may reduce cardiovascular events. However, the results of these trials are inconsistent, probably because many of their participants did not have dyslipidemia. The choice of medications used to treat diabetes can have major implications regarding management of dyslipidemia; metformin, GLP-1 agonists, and pioglitazone all have favorable lipid effects. These agents, as well as the new SGLT2 inhibitors, may reduce cardiovascular events. Management of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes should start with statin therapy and optimal glycemic control with agents that have favorable lipid and cardiovascular effects. We believe that there is a role for adding fenofibrate to moderate-intensity statins in selected patients with true dyslipidemia. We propose an algorithm for selecting add-on medications for diabetes (after metformin) based on lipid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Anabtawi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA
| | - Patrick M Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA
| | - John M Miles
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA.
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Caprio M, Infante M, Calanchini M, Mammi C, Fabbri A. Vitamin D: not just the bone. Evidence for beneficial pleiotropic extraskeletal effects. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:27-41. [PMID: 27553017 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and a steroid hormone that plays a central role in maintaining calcium-phosphorus and bone homeostasis in close interaction with parathyroid hormone, acting on its classical target tissues, namely, bone, kidney, intestine, and parathyroid glands. However, vitamin D endocrine system regulates several genes (about 3 % of the human genome) involved in cell differentiation, cell-cycle control, and cell function and exerts noncalcemic/pleiotropic effects on extraskeletal target tissues, such as immune and cardiovascular system, pancreatic endocrine cells, muscle, and adipose tissue. Several studies have demonstrated the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention/treatment of various autoimmune diseases and improvement of glucose metabolism, muscle, and adipose tissue function. Hence, this review aims to elucidate the effects of vitamin D on extraskeletal target tissues and to investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation among a broad group of pathological conditions, especially with regard to metabolic and autoimmune diseases. In addition, we focused on the best daily intakes and serum levels of vitamin D required for extraskeletal benefits which, even if still controversial, appear to be higher than those widely accepted for skeletal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Calanchini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Moreira-Lucas TS, Duncan AM, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Vieth R, Gibbs AL, Badawi A, Wolever TMS. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on oral glucose tolerance in individuals with low vitamin D status and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (EVIDENCE): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:133-141. [PMID: 27717236 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. We conducted a 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effect of 28 000 IU of vitamin D3 once weekly on plasma glucose after a 2 hour-75 g oral glucose tolerance test (2hrPC glucose), insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 71 participants with serum 25(OH)D ≤65 nmol/L, impaired fasting glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin were randomly assigned to receive 28 000 IU of vitamin D3 (VitD; n = 35) or placebo (n = 36) in cheese once weekly for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in 2hPC glucose. Secondary outcomes were fasting glucose, fasting and postprandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to determine 2hPC glucose. RESULTS Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D was 48.1 and 47.6 nmol/L in the VitD and placebo groups, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D significantly increased to 98.7 nmol/L (51 nmol/L increase; P < .0001) in the VitD group. No significant differences in fasting ( P = .42) or 2hPC glucose ( P = .55) or other indices of glucose metabolism, including β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, were observed between groups. A subgroup analysis of individuals with 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L and prediabetes did not change these results. The VitD group exhibited a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (-0.27 vs 0.01 mmol/L, P = .03). CONCLUSION Weekly doses of vitamin D3 in individuals with suboptimal vitamin D levels who were at risk for type 2 diabetes did not improve oral glucose tolerance or markers of glycaemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal & Nutrition Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison L Gibbs
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Risk Science Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Saleh Y, Aljohani N, Sulimani R, Al-Othman AM, Alfawaz H, Fouda M, Al-Amri F, Shahrani A, Alharbi M, Alshahrani F, Tamimi W, Sabico S, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Vitamin D status correction in Saudi Arabia: an experts' consensus under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:1. [PMID: 28004295 PMCID: PMC5177666 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Middle East and in Saudi Arabia, in particular. While several international recommendations on the management of vitamin D deficiency have been documented and practiced globally, these recommendations should be adapted to the conditions of the Middle Eastern region. To address this challenge, the Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis (PMCO) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, KSA, together with local experts and in cooperation with the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), organized a panel that formulated unified recommendations in the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the region. METHODS The selection of local and international experts commenced during the 2nd International Vitamin D Symposium conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, last January 20--21, 2016. Reviews of the most recent literature were done, and face-to-face meetings were conducted for revisions and final recommendations. RESULTS Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. RESULTS Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation/correction is advised in all persons whose serum 25(OH)D falls below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml), and achieving a target of 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml) is particularly suited for frail, osteoporotic, and older patients. Conducting well-designed clinical trials in the region that will address economic implications and investigations on the treatment persistence and compliance to vitamin D treatment in the region are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University|, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad Sulimani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Al-Othman
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Sehhati National Medical Co., Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Fouda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Amri
- Osteoporosis Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Shahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- Diabetes Centers and Units Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alshahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University|, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Glueck CJ, Jetty V, Rothschild M, Duhon G, Shah P, Prince M, Lee K, Goldenberg M, Kumar A, Goldenberg N, Wang P. Associations between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Lipids, Lipoprotein Cholesterols, and Homocysteine. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 8:284-90. [PMID: 27583236 PMCID: PMC4982357 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.187137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, mediated in part by independent positive relationships with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and inverse relationships with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride, and homocysteine. Aims: In this study, we assessed relationships between fasting serum vitamin D and lipids, lipoprotein cholesterols, and homocysteine. Materials and Methods: We studied 1534 patients sequentially referred to our center from 2007 to 2016. Fasting serum total 25(OH) vitamin D, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were measured. Stepwise regression models were used with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine as dependent variables and explanatory variables age, race, gender, body mass index (BMI), and serum vitamin D levels. Relationships between quintiles of serum vitamin D and triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC, and homocysteine were assessed after covariance adjusting for age, race, gender, and BMI. Results: Fasting serum vitamin D was positively correlated with age, HDLC, and White race, and was inversely correlated with BMI, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting serum homocysteine (P ≤ 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse explanatory variable for total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol, and accounted for the largest amount of variance in serum total cholesterol (partial R2 =3.6%), triglyceride (partial R2 =3.1%), and LDLC (partial R2 =2.9%) (P < 0.0001 for all). Serum vitamin D was a significant positive explanatory variable for HDLC (partial R2 = 1.4%, P < 0.0001), and a significant inverse explanatory variable for homocysteine (partial R2 = 6.0–12.6%). Conclusions: In hyperlipidemic patients, serum vitamin D was a significant independent inverse determinant of total cholesterol, LDLC, triglyceride, and homocysteine, and a significant independent positive determinant of HDLC. Thus, serum vitamin D might be protective against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Glueck
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vybhav Jetty
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matan Rothschild
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory Duhon
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marloe Prince
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Goldenberg
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashwin Kumar
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Naila Goldenberg
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Center, Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Vitamin D Levels Are Inversely Associated with Liver Fat Content and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Shanghai Changfeng Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157515. [PMID: 27284686 PMCID: PMC4902193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Vitamin D exerts metabolic activities. We investigated whether the 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with liver fat content (LFC) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a middle-aged, elderly Chinese population. Subject/Methods A total of 2,960 participants (954 men and 2,006 women) aged over 45 years old were enrolled. Each participant underwent a standard interview, anthropometric measurements and laboratory examinations. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was diagnosed when serum 25(OH) D level was < 50 and 50–75nmol/L. An ultrasound quantitative method was used to assess the LFC. Results Among the 2,960 participants, 1,982 (67.0%) subjects had vitamin D deficiency, 769 (26.0%) had vitamin D insufficiency, and 209 (7%) had normal vitamin D. Male subjects with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency had significantly higher LFC than those with normal 25(OH)D (P = 0.034), while the LFC values showed no significant difference among the female subjects with vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency (P = 0.396). Univariate correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D had a significantly negative association with LFC in men (r = -0.085, P = 0.009), but not in women. After adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, examination season, serum calcium, PTH and all possible confounders that displayed significant associations with LFC in univariate correlation analysis, serum 25(OH)D remained associated with LFC in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Conclusion Serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with LFC in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.
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