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Kobari S, Kusakabe T, Momota M, Shibahara T, Hayashi T, Ozasa K, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Ito S, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ. IL-33 Is Essential for Adjuvant Effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodexrin on the Protective Intranasal Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32210964 PMCID: PMC7069475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are traditionally used to augment and modulate the immunogenicity of vaccines, although in many cases it is unclear which specific molecules contribute to their stimulatory activity. We previously reported that both subcutaneous and intranasal administration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a pharmaceutical excipient widely used to improve solubility, can act as an effective adjuvant for an influenza vaccine. However, the mechanisms by which mucosal immune pathway is critical for the intranasal adjuvant activity of HP-β-CD have not been fully delineated. Here, we show that intranasally administered HP-β-CD elicits a temporary release of IL-33 from alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in the lung; notably, IL-33 expression in these cells is not stimulated following the use of other vaccine adjuvants. The experiments using gene deficient mice suggested that IL-33/ST2 signaling is solely responsible for the adjuvant effect of HP-β-CD when it is administered intranasally. In contrast, the subcutaneous injection of HP-β-CD and the intranasal administration of alum, as a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-inducing adjuvant, or cholera toxin, as a mucosal adjuvant, enhanced humoral immunity in an IL-33-independent manner, suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is unique to the adjuvanticity of intranasally administered HP-β-CD. Furthermore, the release of IL-33 was involved in the protective immunity against influenza virus infection which is induced by the intranasal administration of HP-β-CD-adjuvanted influenza split vaccine. In conclusion, our results suggest that an understanding of administration route- and tissue-specific immune responses is crucial for the design of unique vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobari
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibahara
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ozasa
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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52
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Yüksel S, Pekcan M, Puralı N, Esendağlı G, Tavukçuoğlu E, Rivero-Arredondo V, Ontiveros-Padilla L, López-Macías C, Şenel S. Development and in vitro evaluation of a new adjuvant system containing Salmonella Typhi porins and chitosan. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119129. [PMID: 32045689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the immunogenicity of the highly purified vaccine antigens, addition of an adjuvant to formulation, without affecting the safety of the vaccine, has been the key aim of the vaccine formulators. In recent years, adjuvants which are composed of a delivery system and immunopotentiators have been preferred to induce potent immune responses. In this study, we have combined Salmonella Typhi porins and chitosan to develop a new adjuvant system to enhance the immunogenicity of the highly purified antigens. Cationic gels, microparticle (1.69 ± 0.01 μm) and nanoparticles (337.7 ± 1.7 nm) based on chitosan were prepared with high loading efficiency of porins. Cellular uptake was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the macrophage activation was investigated by measuring the surface marker as well as the cytokine release in vitro in J774A.1 macrophage murine cells. Porins alone were not taken up by the macrophage cells whereas in combination with chitosan a significant uptake was obtained. Porins-chitosan combination systems were found to induce CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expressions at different levels by different formulations depending on the particle size. Similarly, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were found to increase with porins-chitosan combination. Our results demonstrated that combination of porins with chitosan as a particulate system exerts enhanced adjuvant effect, suggesting a promising adjuvant system for subunit vaccines with combined immunostimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Yüksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Dışkapı, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuhan Puralı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Tavukçuoğlu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vanessa Rivero-Arredondo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ontiveros-Padilla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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53
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Zhu C, Zhu Y, Pan H, Chen Z, Zhu Q. Current Progresses of Functional Nanomaterials for Imaging Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2494-2506. [PMID: 31642783 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191023130524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that results in poor disease prognosis due to unsuccessful
treatment options. During the early stages of tumor progression, surgery is the primary approach
that assures a good outcome. However, in the presence of metastasis, melanoma hasbecome almost
immedicable, since the tumors can not be removed and the disease recurs easily in a short period of
time. However, in recent years, the combination of nanomedicine and chemotherapeutic drugs has offered
promising solutions to the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Extensive studies have demonstrated
that nanomaterials and their advanced applications can improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic
drugs in order to overcome the disadvantages, such as drug resistance, low drug delivery rate and
reduced targeting to the tumor tissue. In the present review, we summarized the latest progress in imaging
diagnosis and treatment of melanoma using functional nanomaterials, including polymers,
liposomes, metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based nanoparticles. These
nanoparticles are reported widely in melanoma chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic
therapy, and hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yunjie Zhu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huijun Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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54
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CD4 + T cell help creates memory CD8 + T cells with innate and help-independent recall capacities. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5531. [PMID: 31797935 PMCID: PMC6892909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell help is required for the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory. Here, we use genome-wide analyses to show how CD4+ T cell help delivered during priming promotes memory differentiation of CTLs. Help signals enhance IL-15-dependent maintenance of central memory T (TCM) cells. More importantly, help signals regulate the size and function of the effector memory T (TEM) cell pool. Helped TEM cells produce Granzyme B and IFNγ upon antigen-independent, innate-like recall by IL-12 and IL-18. In addition, helped memory CTLs express the effector program characteristic of helped primary CTLs upon recall with MHC class I-restricted antigens, likely due to epigenetic imprinting and sustained mRNA expression of effector genes. Our data thus indicate that during priming, CD4+ T cell help optimizes CTL memory by creating TEM cells with innate and help-independent antigen-specific recall capacities.
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55
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Schmidt ST, Pedersen GK, Christensen D. Rational Design and In Vivo Characterization of Vaccine Adjuvants. ILAR J 2019; 59:309-322. [PMID: 30624655 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different adjuvants are currently being developed for subunit vaccines against a number of pathogens and diseases. Rational design is increasingly used to develop novel vaccine adjuvants, which requires extensive knowledge of, for example, the desired immune responses, target antigen-presenting cell subsets, their localization, and expression of relevant pattern-recognition receptors. The adjuvant mechanism of action and efficacy are usually evaluated in animal models, where mice are by far the most used. In this review, we present methods for assessing adjuvant efficacy and function in animal models: (1) whole-body biodistribution evaluated by using fluorescently and radioactively labeled vaccine components; (2) association and activation of immune cell subsets at the injection site, in the draining lymph node, and the spleen; (4) adaptive immune responses, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, various T-helper cell subsets, and antibody responses, which may be quantitatively evaluated using ELISA, ELISPOT, and immunoplex assays and qualitatively evaluated using flow cytometric and single cell sequencing assays; and (5) effector responses, for example, antigen-specific cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells and antibody neutralization assays. While the vaccine-induced immune responses in mice often correlate with the responses induced in humans, there are instances where immune responses detected in mice are not translated to the human situation. We discuss some examples of correlation and discrepancy between mouse and human immune responses and how to understand them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Kristian Pedersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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56
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Wang P, Ding X, Kim H, Škalamera Đ, Michalek SM, Zhang P. Vaccine Adjuvants Derivatized from Momordica Saponins I and II. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9976-9982. [PMID: 31657920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have derivatized Momordica saponins (MS) I and II through their coupling at C3 glucuronic acid site with dodecylamine. The derivatives show significantly different immunostimulant activity profiles from their respective natural parent saponins. In particular, adjuvant VSA-1 (5), the derivative of MS I, potentiates a significantly higher IgG2a responose than the corresponding natural product. Its IgG1 and IgG2a production is similar to that of GPI-0100, indicating a potential mixed and antigen-specific Th1/Th2 immune response, which is different from the Th2 immunity induced by the natural saponin MS I. In addition, toxicity evaluations show that adjuvant VSA-1 (5) is much less toxic than the widely used natural saponin mixture Quil A. These results prove that derivatizing Momordica saponins can be a viable way for easy access to structurally defined saponin immunostimulants with favorable adjvuant activity and low toxicity.
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57
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Self-conjugated protective antigen elicits strong and durable protective antibody response against anthrax. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:790-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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58
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Trier NH, Güven E, Skogstrand K, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Houen G. Comparison of immunological adjuvants. APMIS 2019; 127:635-641. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Esin Güven
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Diseases Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology University of Vilnius Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
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59
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Liposomal-lipopolysaccharide vaccine extracted from Proteus mirabilis induces moderate TLR4 and CD14 production. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities. It also forms bladder and kidney stones. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potential Proteus virulence factor that plays a key role in pathogenesis, as well as in stimulating innate immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to extract LPS from a highly resistant isolate and incorporate it in a delivery system (liposome) to stimulate an immune response against virulent pathogens. In the work, 50 isolates of P. mirabilis were taken from 200 urine specimens obtained from recurrent-urinary tract infections (UTI) of patients of AL-Sadar Hospital. Specimens were cultured on specific media, and then bacterial isolates were identified via morphological, biochemical and Vitek-2 systems. The results showed that P. mirabilis was expressed in 11 (22%), 30 (60%) and 9 (18%) recurrent UTI, kidney stone and catheter samples, respectively. All isolates were assessed through antibiogram testing, with the results revealing that most isolates were multidrug resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Herein, P. mirabilis NO 50 revealed particularly high resistance, so it was chosen for LPS extraction. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) observations indicated that a live suspension of P. mirabilis was at 4.5×107 CFU/ml, while LPS was at 270 μg/ml. LPS was used as an immunogenic to stimulate the immune system through injecting Rats intraperitoneally (I.P.) with 1 ml of LD50%. Subsequently, the efficiency of immunogenes in stimulating the immune response was evaluated by determining the Toll-like receptor and CD14 levels. The results indicate that LPS incorporated in the Liposome released moderate levels of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4) that enabled the immune system to clear pathogens. The LPS+ complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and LPS vaccinated groups recorded hyper production for TLR4 (52.2 and 40.9 pg/ml, respectively), this was followed by liposome (LIP) and bacterial suspension (11 and 20.5 pg/ml, respectively) in ranking effectiveness. This study reveals a mean of CD14 that was higher in both LPS and LPS+CFA and moderate in LPS+LIP, in comparison with control and liposome groups.
In conclusion, LPS-Liposomes are a promising nanomedicine for modulating the hyper response of LPS. This may lead to tissue inflammation but appeared beneficial in stimulating the immune response at moderate levels so as to eradicate infection without tissue damage.
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60
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Malamud M, Carasi P, Assandri MH, Freire T, Lepenies B, Serradell MDLÁ. S-Layer Glycoprotein From Lactobacillus kefiri Exerts Its Immunostimulatory Activity Through Glycan Recognition by Mincle. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1422. [PMID: 31297112 PMCID: PMC6607945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new subunit vaccines has promoted the rational design of adjuvants able to induce a strong T-cell activation by targeting specific immune receptors. The S-layer is a (glyco)-proteinaceous envelope constituted by subunits that self-assemble to form a two-dimensional lattice that covers the surface of different species of Bacteria and Archaea. Due to their ability to self-assemble in solution, they are attractive tools to be used as antigen/hapten carriers or adjuvants. Recently, we have demonstrated that S-layer glycoprotein from Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) enhanced the LPS-induced response on macrophages in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but the receptors involved in these immunomodulatory properties remain unknown. Therefore, we aim to determine the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) recognizing this bacterial surface glycoprotein as well as to investigate the role of glycans in both the immunogenicity and adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348. Here, using a mild periodate oxidation protocol, we showed that loss of SLP-8348 glycan integrity impairs the cell-mediated immune response against the protein. Moreover, our data indicate that the adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348 is also dependent of the biological activity of the SLP-8348 glycans. In order to evaluate the CLRs involved in the interaction with SLP-8348 an ELISA-based method using CLR–hFc fusion proteins showed that SLP-8348 interacts with different CLRs such as Mincle, SingR3, and hDC-SIGN. Using BMDCs derived from CLR-deficient mice, we show that SLP-8348 uptake is dependent of Mincle. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SLP-8348-induced activation of BMDCs as well as its adjuvant capacity relies on the presence of Mincle and its signaling adaptor CARD9 on BMDCs, since SLP-8348-activated BMDCs from Mincle−/− or CARD9−/− mice were not capable to enhance OVA-specific response in CD4+ T cells purified from OT-II mice. These findings significantly contribute to the understanding of the role of glycans in the immunomodulation elicited by bacterial SLPs and generate a great opportunity in the search for new adjuvants derived from non-pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Malamud
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paula Carasi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,CCT La Plata, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías H Assandri
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
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61
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110632. [PMID: 31201918 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contributes to a decreased capacity of the immune system to respond effectively to infections or vaccines in the elderly. The full extent of the biological changes that lead to immunosenescence are unknown, but numerous cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity exhibit altered phenotypes and function as a result of aging. These manifestations of immunosenescence at the cellular level are mediated by dysregulation at the genetic level, and changes throughout the immune system are, in turn, propagated by numerous cellular interactions. Environmental factors, such as nutrition, also exert significant influence on the immune system during aging. While the mechanisms that govern the onset of immunosenescence are complex, systems biology approaches allow for the identification of individual contributions from each component within the system as a whole. Although there is still much to learn regarding immunosenescence, systems-level studies of vaccine responses have been highly informative and will guide the development of new vaccine candidates, novel adjuvant formulations, and immunotherapeutic drugs to improve vaccine responses among the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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62
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Zhou G, Hollenberg MD, Vliagoftis H, Kane KP. Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Agonist as Adjuvant: Augmenting Development of Protective Memory CD8 T Cell Responses Induced by Influenza Virosomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:441-452. [PMID: 31182479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is expressed in various tissues, including lung, and when activated, promotes inflammation, differentiation, and migration of dendritic cells. We found that combining influenza virosomes containing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase with a PAR-2 agonist peptide (PAR-2AP) in an intranasal prime boost approach increased survival of mice challenged weeks later with lethal influenza virus over that by virosome or PAR-2AP prime boost alone. No weight loss occurred from influenza challenge after virosome-plus-PAR-2AP prime boost compared with either virosomes or PAR-2AP alone. Thus, virosomes plus PAR-2AP prevented morbidity as well as mortality. Through adoptive transfer, CD8+ lung T cells but not CD4+ T cells from virosomes plus PAR-2AP-primed mice protected from lethal influenza virus challenge and enhanced survival with less weight loss and faster recovery. Virosome-plus-PAR-2AP prime boost resulted in greater percentages of T effector memory phenotype cells (Tem) in lung, and higher frequencies of CD8 Tem and T central memory cells displayed effector functions in response to virus challenge in vivo. Virosome-plus-PAR-2AP prime boost also resulted in greater percentages of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, both Tem and T central memory cells, in lungs of animals subsequently challenged with live influenza virus. Our findings indicate that PAR-2AP, a short peptide, may be a new and useful mucosal adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, T6G 2E1 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1 Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin P Kane
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, T6G 2E1 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
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63
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Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Ravera E, Luchinat C, Berti F, Fragai M. Structural characterization of a protein adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in vaccine formulation. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:20. [PMID: 31149351 PMCID: PMC6538755 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous composition of vaccine formulations and the relatively low concentration make the characterization of the protein antigens extremely challenging. Aluminum-containing adjuvants have been used to enhance the immune response of several antigens over the last 90 years and still remain the most commonly used. Here, we show that solid-state NMR and isotope labeling methods can be used to characterize the structural features of the protein antigen component of vaccines and to investigate the preservation of the folding state of proteins adsorbed on Alum hydroxide matrix, providing the way to identify the regions of the protein that are mainly affected by the presence of the inorganic matrix. l-Asparaginase from E. coli has been used as a pilot model of protein antigen. This methodology can find application in several steps of the vaccine development pipeline, from the antigen optimization, through the design of vaccine formulation, up to stability studies and manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- 1Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- 1Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,2Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- 1Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,2Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- Technical R&D, GSK Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- 1Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,2Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Lee Y, Ko EJ, Kim KH, Lee YT, Hwang HS, Jung YJ, Jeeva S, Kwon YM, Seong BL, Kang SM. The efficacy of inactivated split respiratory syncytial virus as a vaccine candidate and the effects of novel combination adjuvants. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:100-108. [PMID: 31150678 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials with alum-adjuvanted formalin-inactivated human respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine failed in children due to vaccine-enhanced disease upon RSV infection. In this study, we found that inactivated, detergent-split RSV vaccine (Split) displayed higher reactivity against neutralizing antibodies in vitro and less histopathology in primed adult mice after challenge, compared to FI-RSV. The immunogenicity and efficacy of FI-RSV and Split RSV vaccine were further determined in 2 weeks old mice after a single dose in the absence or presence of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) + CpG combination adjuvant. Split RSV with MPL + CpG adjuvant was effective in increasing T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses and IgG2a isotype antibodies, neutralizing activity, and lung viral clearance as well as modulating immune responses to prevent pulmonary histopathology after RSV vaccination and challenge. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Split RSV as an effective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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65
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Mohsen MO, Heath MD, Cabral-Miranda G, Lipp C, Zeltins A, Sande M, Stein JV, Riether C, Roesti E, Zha L, Engeroff P, El-Turabi A, Kundig TM, Vogel M, Skinner MA, Speiser DE, Knuth A, Kramer MF, Bachmann MF. Vaccination with nanoparticles combined with micro-adjuvants protects against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:114. [PMID: 31027511 PMCID: PMC6485085 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of strong T cell responses, in particular cytotoxic T cells, is a key for the generation of efficacious therapeutic cancer vaccines which yet, remains a major challenge for the vaccine developing world. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to harness the physiological properties of the lymphatic system to optimize the induction of a protective T cell response. Indeed, the lymphatic system sharply distinguishes between nanoscale and microscale particles. The former reaches the fenestrated lymphatic system via diffusion, while the latter either need to be transported by dendritic cells or form a local depot. METHODS Our previously developed cucumber-mosaic virus-derived nanoparticles termed (CuMVTT-VLPs) incorporating a universal Tetanus toxoid epitope TT830-843 were assessed for their draining kinetics using stereomicroscopic imaging. A nano-vaccine has been generated by coupling p33 epitope as a model antigen to CuMVTT-VLPs using bio-orthogonal Cu-free click chemistry. The CuMVTT-p33 nano-sized vaccine has been next formulated with the micron-sized microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) adjuvant and the formed depot effect was studied using confocal microscopy and trafficking experiments. The immunogenicity of the nanoparticles combined with the micron-sized adjuvant was next assessed in an aggressive transplanted murine melanoma model. The obtained results were compared to other commonly used adjuvants such as B type CpGs and Alum. RESULTS Our results showed that CuMVTT-VLPs can efficiently and rapidly drain into the lymphatic system due to their nano-size of ~ 30 nm. However, formulating the nanoparticles with the micron-sized MCT adjuvant of ~ 5 μM resulted in a local depot for the nanoparticles and a longer exposure time for the immune system. The preclinical nano-vaccine CuMVTT-p33 formulated with the micron-sized MCT adjuvant has enhanced the specific T cell response in the stringent B16F10p33 murine melanoma model. Furthermore, the micron-sized MCT adjuvant was as potent as B type CpGs and clearly superior to the commonly used Alum adjuvant when total CD8+, specific p33 T cell response or tumour protection were assessed. CONCLUSION The combination of nano- and micro-particles may optimally harness the physiological properties of the lymphatic system. Since the nanoparticles are well defined virus-like particles and the micron-sized adjuvant MCT has been used for decades in allergen-specific desensitization, this approach may readily be translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, State of Qatar.
| | | | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Lipp
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcos Sande
- Institute of anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Roesti
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisha Zha
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,International Immunology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aadil El-Turabi
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Kundig
- Department of dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Knuth
- National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, State of Qatar
| | | | - Martin F Bachmann
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Sarkar I, Garg R, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Selection of adjuvants for vaccines targeting specific pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:505-521. [PMID: 31009255 PMCID: PMC7103699 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1604231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants form an integral component in most of the inactivated and subunit vaccine formulations. Careful and proper selection of adjuvants helps in promoting appropriate immune responses against target pathogens at both innate and adaptive levels such that protective immunity can be elicited. Areas covered: Herein, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants that are licensed for use in human vaccines or in clinical or pre-clinical stages at both innate and adaptive levels. Different pathogens have distinct characteristics, which require the host to mount an appropriate immune response against them. Adjuvants can be selected to elicit a tailor-made immune response to specific pathogens based on their unique properties. Identification of biomarkers of adjuvanticity for several candidate vaccines using omics-based technologies can unravel the mechanism of action of modern and experimental adjuvants. Expert opinion: Adjuvant technology has been revolutionized over the last two decades. In-depth understanding of the role of adjuvants in activating the innate immune system, combined with systems vaccinology approaches, have led to the development of next-generation, novel adjuvants that can be used in vaccines against challenging pathogens and in specific target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sarkar
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada.,b Microbiology and Immunology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Ravendra Garg
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Gross DA, Leborgne C, Chappert P, Masurier C, Leboeuf M, Monteilhet V, Boutin S, Lemonnier FA, Davoust J, Kichler A. Induction of tumor-specific CTL responses using the C-terminal fragment of Viral protein R as cell penetrating peptide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3937. [PMID: 30850685 PMCID: PMC6408526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of tumor-associated antigens recognized by T lymphocytes opens the possibility of vaccinating cancer patients with defined antigens. However, one of the major limitation of peptide-based vaccines is the low immunogenicity of antigenic peptides. Interestingly, if these epitopes are directly delivered into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells, they can be efficiently presented via the direct MHC class I presentation pathway. To improve antigen entry, one promising approach is the use of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). However, most studies use a covalent binding of the CPP with the antigen. In the present study, we focused on the C-terminal domain of Vpr which was previously demonstrated to efficiently deliver plasmid DNA into cells. We provide evidence that the peptides Vpr55-91 and Vpr55-82 possess the capacity of delivering proteins and epitopes into cell lines as well as into human primary dendritic cells, without the necessicity for a chemical linkage. Moreover, immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice with Vpr55-91 as the sole adjuvant is able to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes against multiple tumor epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Gross
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France. .,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France.
| | | | - P Chappert
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - S Boutin
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France
| | - F A Lemonnier
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J Davoust
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - A Kichler
- Genethon, 91002, Evry cedex, France. .,Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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68
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Pezeshki A, Ovsyannikova IG, McKinney BA, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. The role of systems biology approaches in determining molecular signatures for the development of more effective vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:253-267. [PMID: 30700167 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1575208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to public health, and while vaccines have proven to be one of the most effective preventive measures for infectious diseases, we still do not have safe and effective vaccines against many human pathogens, and emerging diseases continually pose new threats. The purpose of this review is to discuss how the creation of vaccines for these new threats has been hindered by limitations in the current approach to vaccine development. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have enabled scientists to apply systems biology approaches to collect and integrate increasingly large datasets that capture comprehensive biological changes induced by vaccines, and then decipher the complex immune response to those vaccines. AREAS COVERED This review covers advances in these technologies and recent publications that describe systems biology approaches to understanding vaccine immune responses and to understanding the rational design of new vaccine candidates. EXPERT OPINION Systems biology approaches to vaccine development provide novel information regarding both the immune response and the underlying mechanisms and can inform vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brett A McKinney
- b Department of Mathematics , University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , USA.,c Tandy School of Computer Science , University of Tulsa , Tulsa , OK , USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- a Mayo Vaccine Research Group , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Park S, Lee Y, Kwon YM, Lee YT, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Jung JH, Song M, Graham B, Prausnitz MR, Kang SM. Vaccination by microneedle patch with inactivated respiratory syncytial virus and monophosphoryl lipid A enhances the protective efficacy and diminishes inflammatory disease after challenge. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205071. [PMID: 30365561 PMCID: PMC6203256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular (IM) vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) failed in clinical trials due to vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease. To test the efficacy of skin vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we investigated the immunogenicity, efficacy, and inflammatory disease after microneedle (MN) patch delivery of FI-RSV vaccine (FI-RSV MN) to the mouse skin with or without an adjuvant of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). Compared to IM vaccination, MN patch delivery of FI-RSV was more effective in clearing lung viral loads and preventing weight loss, and in diminishing inflammation, infiltrating immune cells, and T helper type 2 (Th2) CD4 T cell responses after RSV challenge. With MPL adjuvant, MN patch delivery of FI-RSV significantly increased the immunogenicity and efficacy as well as preventing RSV disease as evidenced by lung viral clearance and avoiding pulmonary histopathology. Improved efficacy and prevention of disease by FI-RSV MN with MPL were correlated with no sign of airway resistance, lower levels of Th2 cytokines and infiltrating innate inflammatory cells, and higher levels of Th1 T cell responses into the lung. This study suggests that MN patch delivery of RSV vaccines to the skin with MPL adjuvant would be a promising vaccination method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jae Hwan Jung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Barney Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R, Didierlaurent AM. Correlates of adjuvanticity: A review on adjuvants in licensed vaccines. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Self-Assembled, Adjuvant/Antigen-Based Nanovaccine Mediates Anti-Tumor Immune Response against Melanoma Tumor. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101063. [PMID: 30960988 PMCID: PMC6404041 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive type of cancer that requires radical treatment strategies to inhibit the cancer cell progression and metastasis. In recent years, preclinical research and clinical trials on melanoma treatment have been considerably focused on the adjuvant-based immunotherapy for enhancing the immune response of innate immune cells against cancer cells. However, the clinical outcome of these adjuvant-based treatments is inadequate due to an improper delivery system for these immune activators to reach the target site. Hence, we developed a vaccine formulation containing tumor lysate protein (TL) and poly I:C (PIC) complexed with positively charged poly (sorbitol-co-polyethylenimine (PEI) (PSPEI). The resulting ionic PSPEI-polyplexed antigen/adjuvant (PAA) (PSPEI-PAA) nanocomplexes were stable at the physiological condition, are non-toxic, and have enhanced intracellular uptake of antigen and adjuvant in immature dendritic cells leading to dendritic cell maturation. In the murine B16F10 tumor xenograft model, PSPEI-PAA nanocomplexes significantly suppressed tumor growth and did not exhibit any noticeable sign of toxicity. The level of matured dendritic cells (CD80+/CD86+ cells) in the tumor draining lymph node of PSPEI-PAA treated tumor mice were enhanced and therefore CD8+ T cells infiltration in the tumor were enriched. Additionally, the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) assay involving co-culturing of splenocytes isolated from the PSPEI-PAA-treated mice with that of B16F10 cells significantly revealed enhanced cancer killing by the TL-reactivated CTLs compared to untreated control mice bearing tumor. Therefore, we strongly believe that PSPEI-PAA nanocomplexes could be an efficient antigen/adjuvant delivery system and enhance the antitumor immune response against melanoma tumor in the future clinical trials.
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Cibulski SP, Rivera-Patron M, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Casaravilla C, Yendo ACA, Fett-Neto AG, Chabalgoity JA, Moreno M, Roehe PM, Silveira F. Quillaja brasiliensis saponin-based nanoparticulate adjuvants are capable of triggering early immune responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13582. [PMID: 30206376 PMCID: PMC6134118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially available saponins are extracted from Quillaja saponaria barks, being Quil A® the most widely used. Nanoparticulate immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs or ISCOMATRIX) formulated with these, are able to stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Recently, we formulated novel ISCOMs replacing QuilA® by QB-90 (IQB-90), a Quillaja brasiliensis leaf-extracted saponin fraction, and reported that IQB-90 improved antigen uptake, and induced systemic and mucosal antibody production, and T-cell responses. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study we provide a deeper insight into the immune stimulatory properties of QB-90 and ISCOMATRIX-like based on this fraction (IMXQB-90). We show herein that, when used as a viral vaccine adjuvant, QB-90 promotes an "immunocompetent environment". In addition, QB-90 and IMXQB-90 induce immune-cells recruitment at draining-lymph nodes and spleen. Subsequently, we prove that QB-90 or IMXQB-90 stimulated dendritic cells secret IL-1β by mechanisms involving Caspase-1/11 and MyD88 pathways, implying canonical inflammasome activation. Finally, both formulations induce a change in the expression of cytokines and chemokines coding genes, many of which are up-regulated. Findings reported here provide important insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the adjuvant activity of Q. brasiliensis leaf-saponins and its respective nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biología Celular e Molecular. Centro de Biotecnologia - CBiotec., Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Cidade Universitária, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rivera-Patron
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias/Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Química/Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias/Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Química/Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anna Carolina Alves Yendo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Alejandro Chabalgoity
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Abstract
Adjuvants are included in vaccine formulations to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. MF59® is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant and licensed for use in pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines in many countries. MF59 is safe and well tolerated in humans. MF59-adjuvanted vaccination spares vaccine dose and enhances hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against homologous and heterologous influenza virus strains. The mechanisms of MF59 involve rapid induction of chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, recruiting multiple immune cells, uric acid and benign apoptosis of certain innate immune cells. The adjuvant effects of MF59 on generating vaccine-specific isotype-switched IgG antibodies, effector CD8 T cells, and protective immunity were retained even in a CD4-deficient condition by inducing effective immune-competent microenvironment with various innate and antigen presenting cells in a mouse model. CD4-independent adjuvant effects of MF59 might contribute to improving the vaccine efficacy in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients as well as in healthy adults. Further studies will be needed to broaden the use of MF59 in various vaccine antigens and populations as well as lead to better understanding of the action mechanisms of MF59 adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- a Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- a Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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74
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Abstract
The inability to elicit strong and durable cellular responses is a major obstacle in the development of successful vaccines, in particular those against malaria. In this regard, the generation of novel adjuvants that will potently boost cell-mediated immunity induced by candidate vaccines is helpful. We and others have found a glycolipid, called α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which could be presented on CD1d expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate natural killer T (NKT) cells. This triggers the activation/maturation of APCs, particularly dendritic cells (DCs). By activating NKT cells and subsequently DCs, α-GalCer has been shown to enhance adaptive immune responses, particularly of CD8
+ T cells, induced by the vaccines. More recently, we identified an analogue of α-GalCer, which can display a potent adjuvant activity in conjunction with malaria vaccines in mice and non-human primates. It is anticipated that CD1d-binding, NKT cell-stimulating glycolipids will be tested as adjuvants in humans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangming Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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75
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Lodaya RN, Brito LA, Wu TYH, Miller AT, Otten GR, Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Stable Nanoemulsions for the Delivery of Small Molecule Immune Potentiators. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2310-2314. [PMID: 29883663 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are required to enhance immune responses to typically poorly immunogenic recombinant antigens. Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) have been widely evaluated as adjuvants because they activate the innate immune system. Currently, licensed vaccines adjuvanted with TLRa include the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid, while additional TLRa are in clinical development. Unfortunately, naturally derived TLRa are often complex and heterogeneous entities, which brings formulation challenges. Consequently, the use of synthetic small-molecule TLRa has significant advantages because they are well-defined discrete molecules, which can be chemically modified to modulate their physicochemical properties. We previously described the discovery of a family of TLR7 agonists based on a benzonaphthyridine scaffold. In addition, we described how Alum could be used to deliver these synthetic TLRa. An alternative adjuvant approach with enhanced potency over Alum are squalene containing oil-in-water emulsions, which have been included in licensed influenza vaccines, including Fluad (MF59 adjuvanted) and Pandemrix (AS03 adjuvanted). Here, we describe how to enable the co-delivery of a TLR7 agonist in a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion, for adjuvant evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushit N Lodaya
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luis A Brito
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Tom Y H Wu
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121
| | - Andrew T Miller
- Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121
| | - Gillis R Otten
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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76
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Rappuoli R, Hanon E. Sustainable vaccine development: a vaccine manufacturer's perspective. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:111-118. [PMID: 29751212 PMCID: PMC7126290 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the most cost-effective public health intervention after clean water, and the benefits impressively outweigh the costs. The efforts needed to fulfill the steadily growing demands for next-generation and novel vaccines designed for emerging pathogens and new indications are only realizable in a sustainable business model. Vaccine development can be fast-tracked through strengthening international collaborations, and the continuous innovation of technologies to accelerate their design, development, and manufacturing. However, these processes should be supported by a balanced project portfolio, and by managing sustainable vaccine procurement strategies for different types of markets. Collectively this will allow a gradual shift to a more streamlined and profitable vaccine production, which can significantly contribute to the worldwide effort to shape global health.
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77
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Oh SJ, Choi YK, Shin OS. Systems Biology-Based Platforms to Accelerate Research of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:176-186. [PMID: 29436184 PMCID: PMC5823818 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a major threat to public health and security. Given the dynamic nature and significant impact of EIDs, the most effective way to prevent and protect against them is to develop vaccines in advance. Systems biology approaches provide an integrative way to understand the complex immune response to pathogens. They can lead to a greater understanding of EID pathogenesis and facilitate the evaluation of newly developed vaccine-induced immunity in a timely manner. In recent years, advances in high throughput technologies have enabled researchers to successfully apply systems biology methods to analyze immune responses to a variety of pathogens and vaccines. Despite recent advances, computational and biological challenges impede wider application of systems biology approaches. This review highlights recent advances in the fields of systems immunology and vaccinology, and presents ways that systems biology-based platforms can be applied to accelerate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immunity against EIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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78
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Vaccination with a Recombinant H7 Hemagglutinin-Based Influenza Virus Vaccine Induces Broadly Reactive Antibodies in Humans. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00502-17. [PMID: 29242836 PMCID: PMC5729220 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00502-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic infections with high case fatality rates caused by avian H7N9 influenza viruses have been reported since early 2013 in China. Since then, the fifth wave of the H7N9 epidemic emerged in China, resulting in higher numbers of laboratory-confirmed cases than in previous years. Recently, H7N9 has started to antigenically drift and split into two new lineages, the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta clades, which do not match stockpiled H7 vaccines well. Humans are immunologically naive to these subtypes, and an H7N9 strain that acquires the capability of efficient human-to-human transmission poses a credible pandemic threat. Other characteristics of H7N9 are raising concerns as well, like its ability to bind to receptors in the human upper respiratory tract, the recent emergence of highly pathogenic variants, and the ability to quickly gain resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. Therefore, developing and testing H7N9 vaccines constitutes a priority for pandemic preparedness. Human influenza virus infections with avian subtype H7N9 viruses are a major public health concern and have encouraged the development of effective H7 prepandemic vaccines. In this study, baseline and postvaccination serum samples of individuals aged 18 years and older who received a recombinant H7 hemagglutinin vaccine with and without an oil-in-water emulsion (SE) adjuvant were analyzed using a panel of serological assays. While only a small proportion of individuals seroconverted to H7N9 as measured by the conventional hemagglutination inhibition assay, our data show strong induction of anti-H7 hemagglutinin antibodies as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, cross-reactive antibodies against phylogenetically distant group 2 hemagglutinins were induced, presumably targeting the conserved stalk domain of the hemagglutinin. Further analysis confirmed an induction of stalk-specific antibodies, suggesting that epitopes outside the classical antigenic sites are targeted by this vaccine in the context of preexisting immunity to related H3 hemagglutinin. Antibodies induced by H7 vaccination also showed functional activity in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reporter assays and microneutralization assays. Additionally, our data show that sera from hemagglutination inhibition seroconverters conferred protection in a passive serum transfer experiment against lethal H7N9 virus challenge in mice. Interestingly, sera from hemagglutination inhibition nonseroconverters also conferred partial protection in the lethal animal challenge model. In conclusion, while recombinant H7 vaccination fails to induce measurable levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in most subjects, this vaccination regime induces homosubtypic and heterosubtypic cross-reactive binding antibodies that are functional and partly protective in a murine passive transfer challenge model. IMPORTANCE Zoonotic infections with high case fatality rates caused by avian H7N9 influenza viruses have been reported since early 2013 in China. Since then, the fifth wave of the H7N9 epidemic emerged in China, resulting in higher numbers of laboratory-confirmed cases than in previous years. Recently, H7N9 has started to antigenically drift and split into two new lineages, the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta clades, which do not match stockpiled H7 vaccines well. Humans are immunologically naive to these subtypes, and an H7N9 strain that acquires the capability of efficient human-to-human transmission poses a credible pandemic threat. Other characteristics of H7N9 are raising concerns as well, like its ability to bind to receptors in the human upper respiratory tract, the recent emergence of highly pathogenic variants, and the ability to quickly gain resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. Therefore, developing and testing H7N9 vaccines constitutes a priority for pandemic preparedness.
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79
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Song F, Wang G, Ma Z, Ma Y, Wang Y. Silencing of BAG3 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95392-95400. [PMID: 29221135 PMCID: PMC5707029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) has been reported to be involved in aggressive progression of many tumors. In the present study, we examined the expression of BAG3 in human cervical cancer (CC) tissues and investigated the role of BAG3 in SiHa and HeLa cell growth, migration, and invasion. Here, we found that most of CC tissues highly expressed the protein and mRNA of BAG3, while their expression was obviously lower in paired normal tissues (all p<0.001). BAG3 expression was associated with FIGO stage and metastasis (all p<0.05). In-vitro analysis demonstrated that BAG3 siRNAs inhibited SiHa and HeLa cell growth, invasion and migration. Mechanically, BAG3 siRNAs inhibited the expression of EMT-regulating markers, involving MMP2, Slug and N-cadherin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. In a xenograft nude model, BAG3 siRNAs inhibited tumor growth and the expression of EMT biomarkers. In conclusion, BAG3 is involved in the EMT process, including cell growth, invasion and migration in the development of CC. Thus, BAG3 target might be recommended as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuebing Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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