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Lamy S, Molinié F, Daubisse-Marliac L, Cowppli-Bony A, Ayrault-Piault S, Fournier E, Woronoff AS, Delpierre C, Grosclaude P. Using ecological socioeconomic position (SEP) measures to deal with sample bias introduced by incomplete individual-level measures: inequalities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis as an example. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:857. [PMID: 31266476 PMCID: PMC6604477 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When studying the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP) on health from data where individual-level SEP measures may be missing, ecological measures of SEP may prove helpful. In this paper, we illustrate the best use of ecological-level measures of SEP to deal with incomplete individual level data. To do this we have taken the example of a study examining the relationship between SEP and breast cancer (BC) stage at diagnosis. METHODS Using population based-registry data, all women over 18 years newly diagnosed with a primary BC in 2007 were included. We compared the association between advanced stage at diagnosis and individual SEP containing missing data with an ecological level SEP measure without missing data. We used three modelling strategies, 1/ based on patients with complete data for individual-SEP (n = 1218), or 2/ on all patients (n = 1644) using an ecological-level SEP as proxy for individual SEP and 3/ individual-SEP after imputation of missing data using an ecological-level SEP. RESULTS The results obtained from these models demonstrate that selection bias was introduced in the sample where only patients with complete individual SEP were included. This bias is redressed by using ecological-level SEP to impute missing data for individual SEP on all patients. Such a strategy helps to avoid an ecological bias due to the use of aggregated data to infer to individual level. CONCLUSION When individual data are incomplete, we demonstrate the usefulness of an ecological index to assess and redress potential selection bias by using it to impute missing individual SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lamy
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Analyses in Public Health, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1027 Inserm - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe EQUITY labellisée par le Ligue nationale contre le cancer, 37 allées Jules Guesde, F-31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Florence Molinié
- French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Loire-Atlantique / Vendée Cancer Registry, F-44093, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes University Hospital, F-44093, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Daubisse-Marliac
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Analyses in Public Health, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1027 Inserm - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe EQUITY labellisée par le Ligue nationale contre le cancer, 37 allées Jules Guesde, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Tarn Cancer Registry, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT-O), F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Cowppli-Bony
- French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Loire-Atlantique / Vendée Cancer Registry, F-44093, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes University Hospital, F-44093, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Ayrault-Piault
- French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Loire-Atlantique / Vendée Cancer Registry, F-44093, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes University Hospital, F-44093, Nantes, France
| | - Evelyne Fournier
- French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Doubs and Belfort territory Cancer Registry, Besançon University Hospital, F-25000, Besançon, France.,Resarch Unit EA3181, Universiy of Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Doubs and Belfort territory Cancer Registry, Besançon University Hospital, F-25000, Besançon, France.,Resarch Unit EA3181, Universiy of Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Analyses in Public Health, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1027 Inserm - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe EQUITY labellisée par le Ligue nationale contre le cancer, 37 allées Jules Guesde, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Grosclaude
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Analyses in Public Health, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 1027 Inserm - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Equipe EQUITY labellisée par le Ligue nationale contre le cancer, 37 allées Jules Guesde, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,French network of Cancer registries (Francim), F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Tarn Cancer Registry, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT-O), F-31000, Toulouse, France
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Obeng-Gyasi S, Kircher SM, Lipking KP, Keele BJ, Benson AB, Wagner LI, Carlos RC. Oncology clinical trials and insurance coverage: An update in a tenuous insurance landscape. Cancer 2019; 125:3488-3493. [PMID: 31251394 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sheetal M Kircher
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kelsey P Lipking
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Benjamin J Keele
- Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Al B Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lynne I Wagner
- Social Sciences and Health Policy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ruth C Carlos
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Densmore R, Hajizadeh M, Hu M. Trends in socio-economic inequalities in bladder cancer incidence in Canada: 1992-2010. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:722-731. [PMID: 31209789 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing literature demonstrates widening socio-economic gradients in cancer incidence in different countries. However, few studies have measured the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in the incidence of different types of cancers. This study aimed to evaluate socio-economic inequalities in bladder cancer incidence in Canada over time. METHODS Using data obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), the Canadian Census of Population (CCP), and the National Household Survey (NHS), we examined socio-economic inequalities of bladder cancer incidence among men and women in Canada from 1992 to 2010. Income- and education-related inequalities were measured using the concentration index (C) approach. We also analyzed the trends of income- and education-related inequalities over the study period. RESULTS There is an increasing trend in bladder cancer incidence in Canada. The estimated C suggested a higher incidence of bladder cancer among low socio-economic-status individuals. The results revealed that income-related inequality in bladder cancer incidence increased among the female population. Education-related inequality in the incidence of bladder cancer widened for both males and females in Canada. CONCLUSION The concentration of bladder cancer in Canada is growing among the socio-economically disadvantaged population. Further studies are required to help elucidate causal relationships between socio-economic status and bladder cancer incidence in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Densmore
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, 2nd Floor, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Min Hu
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, 2nd Floor, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Ologbenla A, Hu M, Hajizadeh M. Socioeconomic status and incidence of pediatric leukemia in Canada: 1992-2010. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 61:14-22. [PMID: 31103934 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia is the most common cancer among Canadian children, representing about a third of pediatric cancers in Canada and is responsible for about one-third of pediatric cancer deaths. Understanding the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on pediatric leukemia incidence provides valuable information for cancer control and interventions in Canada. METHODS Using a linked data from the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), Canadian Census of Population (CCP) and National Household Survey (NHS) we aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of pediatric leukemia from 1992 to 2010. We used the concentration index (C) approach to quantify income- and education-related inequalities in the incidence of pediatric leukemia over time. RESULTS Though there were fluctuations in incidence over the study period, our results showed that the total incidence of pediatric leukemia in Canada was generally consistent from 1992 to 2010. Incidence rate of 47 per 1,000,000 as at 1992 rose to 57 per 1,000,000 in 2010. The estimated values of the C over the study period failed to show any significant association between pediatric leukemia incidence and household income or education status. CONCLUSIONS Although pediatric leukemia incidence is not rising significantly, it is not reducing significantly either. The incidence of pediatric leukemia showed no significant association with socioeconomic status. Future cancer control interventions should focus more on mitigating risk factors that are independent of socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Hu
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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55
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Afshar N, English DR, Milne RL. Rural-urban residence and cancer survival in high-income countries: A systematic review. Cancer 2019; 125:2172-2184. [PMID: 30933318 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that place of residence is associated with cancer survival, but the findings are inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms by which residential location might affect survival are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating the association of rural versus urban residence with cancer survival in high-income countries. We searched the Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases up to May 31, 2016. Forty-five studies published between 1984 and 2016 were included. We extracted unadjusted and adjusted relative risk estimates with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Most studies reported worse survival for cancer patients living in rural areas than those in urban regions. The most consistent evidence, observed across several studies, was for colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. Of the included studies, 18 did not account for socio-economic position. Lower survival for more disadvantaged patients is well documented; therefore, it could be beneficial for future research to take socio-economic factors into consideration when assessing rural/urban differences in cancer survival. Some studies cited differential stage at diagnosis and treatment modalities as major contributing factors to regional inequalities in cancer survival. Further research is needed to disentangle the mediating effects of these factors, which may help to establish effective interventions to improve survival for patients living outside major cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Afshar
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Tron L, Belot A, Fauvernier M, Remontet L, Bossard N, Launay L, Bryere J, Monnereau A, Dejardin O, Launoy G. Socioeconomic environment and disparities in cancer survival for 19 solid tumor sites: An analysis of the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM) data. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1262-1274. [PMID: 30367459 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Social inequalities are concerning along the cancer continuum. In France, social gradient in health is particularly marked but little is known about social gradient in cancer survival. We aimed to investigate the influence of socioeconomic environment on cancer survival, for all cancers reported in the French Network of Cancer Registries. We analyzed 189,657 solid tumors diagnosed between 2006 and 2009, recorded in 18 registries. The European Deprivation Index (EDI), an ecological index measuring relative poverty in small geographic areas, assessed social environment. The EDI was categorized into quintiles of the national distribution. One- and five-year age-standardized net survival (ASNS) were estimated for each solid tumor site and deprivation quintile, among men and among women. We found that 5-year ASNS was lower among patients living in the most deprived areas compared to those living in the least deprived ones for 14/16 cancers among men and 16/18 cancers among women. The extent of cancer survival disparities according to deprivation varied substantially across the cancer sites. The reduction in ASNS between the least and the most deprived quintile reached 34% for liver cancer among men and 59% for bile duct cancer among women. For pancreas, stomach and esophagus cancer (among men), and ovary and stomach cancer (among women), deprivation gaps were larger at 1-year than 5-year survival. In conclusion, survival was worse in the most deprived areas for almost all cancers. Our results from population-based cancer registries data highlight the need for implementing actions to reduce social inequalities in cancer survival in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Tron
- University Hospital of Caen, Caen cedex, France; 'ANTICIPE' U1086 INSERM-UCN, Team labeled 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Belot
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Fauvernier
- Service de Biostatistique et de Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Remontet
- Service de Biostatistique et de Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nadine Bossard
- Service de Biostatistique et de Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ludivine Launay
- 'ANTICIPE' U1086 INSERM-UCN, Team labeled 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Joséphine Bryere
- 'ANTICIPE' U1086 INSERM-UCN, Team labeled 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Dejardin
- University Hospital of Caen, Caen cedex, France; 'ANTICIPE' U1086 INSERM-UCN, Team labeled 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Guy Launoy
- University Hospital of Caen, Caen cedex, France; 'ANTICIPE' U1086 INSERM-UCN, Team labeled 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries, Toulouse, France
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Jørgensen SL, Mogensen O, Wu CS, Korsholm M, Lund K, Jensen PT. Survival after a nationwide introduction of robotic surgery in women with early-stage endometrial cancer: a population-based prospective cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2019; 109:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Finke I, Behrens G, Weisser L, Brenner H, Jansen L. Socioeconomic Differences and Lung Cancer Survival-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:536. [PMID: 30542641 PMCID: PMC6277796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of socioeconomic differences on cancer survival has been investigated for several cancer types showing lower cancer survival in patients from lower socioeconomic groups. However, little is known about the relation between the strength of association and the level of adjustment and level of aggregation of the socioeconomic status measure. Here, we conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of individual and area-based measures of socioeconomic status with lung cancer survival. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we searched for studies on socioeconomic differences in lung cancer survival in four electronic databases. A study was included if it reported a measure of survival in relation to education, income, occupation, or composite measures (indices). If possible, meta-analyses were conducted for studies reporting on individual and area-based socioeconomic measures. Results: We included 94 studies in the review, of which 23 measured socioeconomic status on an individual level and 71 on an area-based level. Seventeen studies were eligible to be included in the meta-analyses. The meta-analyses revealed a poorer prognosis for patients with low individual income (pooled hazard ratio: 1.13, 95 % confidence interval: 1.08–1.19, reference: high income), but not for individual education. Group comparisons for hazard ratios of area-based studies indicated a poorer prognosis for lower socioeconomic groups, irrespective of the socioeconomic measure. In most studies, reported 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates across socioeconomic status groups showed decreasing rates with decreasing socioeconomic status for both individual and area-based measures. We cannot confirm a consistent relationship between level of aggregation and effect size, however, comparability across studies was hampered by heterogeneous reporting of socioeconomic status and survival measures. Only eight studies considered smoking status in the analysis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a weak positive association between individual income and lung cancer survival. Studies reporting on socioeconomic differences in lung cancer survival should consider including smoking status of the patients in their analysis and to stratify by relevant prognostic factors to further explore the reasons for socioeconomic differences. A common definition for socioeconomic status measures is desirable to further enhance comparisons between nations and across different levels of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Finke
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gundula Behrens
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Weisser
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tin Tin S, Elwood JM, Brown C, Sarfati D, Campbell I, Scott N, Ramsaroop R, Seneviratne S, Harvey V, Lawrenson R. Ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in New Zealand: which factors contribute? BMC Cancer 2018; 18:58. [PMID: 29310606 PMCID: PMC5759270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New Zealand has major ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival with Māori (indigenous people) and Pacific women (immigrants or descended from immigrants from Pacific Islands) faring much worse than other ethnic groups. This paper identified underlying factors and assessed their relative contribution to this risk differential. Methods This study involved all women who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in two health regions, covering about 40% of the national population, between January 2000 and June 2014. Māori and Pacific patients were compared with other ethnic groups in terms of demographics, mode of diagnosis, disease factors and treatment factors. Cox regression modelling was performed with stepwise adjustments, and hazards of excess mortality from breast cancer for Māori and Pacific patients were assessed. Results Of the 13,657 patients who were included in this analysis, 1281 (9.4%) were Māori, and 897 (6.6%) were Pacific women. Compared to other ethnic groups, they were younger, more likely to reside in deprived neighbourhoods and to have co-morbidities, and less likely to be diagnosed through screening and with early stage cancer, to be treated in a private care facility, to receive timely cancer treatment, and to receive breast conserving surgery. They had a higher risk of excess mortality from breast cancer (age and year of diagnosis adjusted hazard ratio: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.51–2.04 for Māori and 1.97; 95% CI: 1.67–2.32 for Pacific women), of which 75% and 99% respectively were explained by baseline differences. The most important contributor was late stage at diagnosis. Other contributors included neighbourhood deprivation, mode of diagnosis, type of health care facility where primary cancer treatment was undertaken and type of loco-regional therapy. Conclusions Late diagnosis, deprivation and differential access to and quality of cancer care services were the key contributors to ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in New Zealand. Our findings underscore the need for a greater equity focus along the breast cancer care pathway, with an emphasis on improving access to early diagnosis for Māori and Pacific women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3797-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandar Tin Tin
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - J Mark Elwood
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charis Brown
- SMART Marketing and Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Diana Sarfati
- Department of Public Health, The University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian Campbell
- Waikato Clinical Campus, The University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nina Scott
- Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Reena Ramsaroop
- Surgical Pathology Department, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Vernon Harvey
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ross Lawrenson
- National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Biasoli I, Castro N, Delamain M, Silveira T, Farley J, Pinto Simões B, Solza C, Praxedes M, Baiocchi O, Gaiolla R, Franceschi F, Bonamin Sola C, Boquimpani C, Clementino N, Fleury Perini G, Pagnano K, Steffenello G, Tabacof J, de Freitas Colli G, Soares A, de Souza C, Chiattone CS, Raggio Luiz R, Milito C, Morais JC, Spector N. Lower socioeconomic status is independently associated with shorter survival in Hodgkin Lymphoma patients-An analysis from the Brazilian Hodgkin Lymphoma Registry. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:883-890. [PMID: 29023692 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-known determinant of outcomes in cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the SES on the outcomes of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients from the Brazilian Prospective HL Registry. SES stratification was done using an individual asset/education-based household index. A total of 624 classical HL patients with diagnosis from January/2009 to December/2014, and treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine), were analyzed. The median follow-up was 35.6 months, and 33% were classified as lower SES. The 3-year progression- free survival (PFS) in higher and lower SES were 78 and 64% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) in higher and lower SES were 94 and 82% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Lower SES patients were more likely to be ≥ 60 years (16 vs. 8%, p = 0.003), and to present higher risk International Prognostic score (IPS) (44 vs. 31%, p = 0.004) and advanced disease (71 vs. 58%, p = 0.003). After adjustments for potential confounders, lower SES remained independently associated with poorer survival (HR = 3.12 [1.86-5.22] for OS and HR = 1.66 [1.19-2.32] for PFS). The fatality ratio during treatment was 7.5 and 1.3% for lower and higher SES (p = 0.0001). Infections and treatment toxicity accounted for 81% of these deaths. SES is an independent factor associated with shorter survival in HL in Brazil. Potential underlying mechanisms associated with the impact of SES are delayed diagnosis and poorer education. Educational and socio-economic support interventions must be tested in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Biasoli
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelson Castro
- Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Delamain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Silveira
- São Paulo Santa Casa Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Farley
- Liga Norte Rio Grandense contra o câncer, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiana Solza
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Praxedes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nelma Clementino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia Pagnano
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Steffenello
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jacques Tabacof
- ESHO- Centro Paulistano de Oncologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Soares
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmino de Souza
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Milito
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Morais
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelson Spector
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lyle G, Hendrie GA, Hendrie D. Understanding the effects of socioeconomic status along the breast cancer continuum in Australian women: a systematic review of evidence. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:182. [PMID: 29037209 PMCID: PMC5644132 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, the provision of equitable outcomes for women with breast cancer is a priority for governments. However, there is growing evidence that a socioeconomic status (SES) gradient exists in outcomes across the breast cancer continuum – namely incidence, diagnosis, treatment, survival and mortality. This systematic review describes this evidence and, because of the importance of place in defining SES, findings are limited to the Australian experience. Methods An on-line search of PubMed and the Web of Science identified 44 studies published since 1995 which examined the influence of SES along the continuum. The critique of studies included the study design, the types and scales of SES variable measured, and the results in terms of direction and significance of the relationships found. To aid in the interpretation of results, the findings were discussed in the context of a systems dynamic feedback diagram. Results We found 67 findings which reported 107 relationships between SES within outcomes along the continuum. Results suggest no differences in the participation in screening by SES. Higher incidence was reported in women with higher SES whereas a negative association was reported between SES and diagnosis. Associations with treatment choice were specific to the treatment choice undertaken. Some evidence was found towards greater survival for women with higher SES, however, the evidence for a SES relationship with mortality was less conclusive. Conclusions In a universal health system such as that in Australia, evidence of an SES gradient exists, however, the strength and direction of this relationship varies along the continuum. This is a complex relationship and the heterogeneity in study design, the SES indicator selected and its representative scale further complicates our understanding of its influence. More complex multilevel studies are needed to better understand these relationships, the interactions between predictors and to reduce biases introduced by methodological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Lyle
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | | | - Delia Hendrie
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Socioeconomic disparities affect survival in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors in AYA population. J Surg Res 2017; 222:180-186.e3. [PMID: 28988685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are a rare form of ovarian malignancy. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to affect survival in several gynecologic cancers. We examined whether SES impacted survival in adolescent and young adults (AYAs) with MOGCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify AYAs (aged 15-39 years) with MOGCT from 1998 to 2012. Three SES surrogate variables identified were as follows: insurance type, income quartile, and education quartile. Pooled variance t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare tumor characteristics, the time from diagnosis to staging/treatment, and clinical outcome variables for each SES surrogate variable, while controlling for age and race/ethnicity in a multivariate model. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were calculated using the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 3125 AYAs with MOGCT were identified. Subjects with lower SES measures had higher overall stage and T-stage MOGCTs at presentation. There was no significant difference in the time to staging/treatment, extent of surgery, or use of chemotherapy by SES. Subjects from a lower education background, from a lower income quartile, and without insurance had decreased survival (P ≤ 0.02 for all). Controlling for overall stage and T-stage, the difference in survival was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS AYAs with MOGCT from lower SES backgrounds presented with more advanced stage disease. Further studies that focus on the underlying reasons for this difference are needed to address these disparities.
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Hagedoorn P, Vandenheede H, Vanthomme K, Gadeyne S. Socioeconomic position, population density and site-specific cancer mortality: A multilevel analysis of Belgian adults, 2001-2011. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:23-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Hagedoorn
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Hadewijch Vandenheede
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanthomme
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Sylvie Gadeyne
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
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Tervonen HE, Aranda S, Roder D, You H, Walton R, Morrell S, Baker D, Currow DC. Cancer survival disparities worsening by socio-economic disadvantage over the last 3 decades in new South Wales, Australia. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:691. [PMID: 28903750 PMCID: PMC5598077 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public concerns are commonly expressed about widening health gaps. This cohort study examines variations and trends in cancer survival by socio-economic disadvantage, geographical remoteness and country of birth in an Australian population over a 30-year period. METHODS Data for cases diagnosed in New South Wales (NSW) in 1980-2008 (n = 651,245) were extracted from the population-based NSW Cancer Registry. Competing risk regression models, using the Fine & Gray method, were used for comparative analyses to estimate sub-hazard ratios (SHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) among people diagnosed with cancer. RESULTS Increased risk of cancer death was associated with living in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas compared with the least disadvantaged areas (SHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.17), and in outer regional/remote areas compared with major cities (SHR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06). People born outside Australia had a similar or lower risk of cancer death than Australian-born (SHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.01 and SHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.90-0.92 for people born in other English and non-English speaking countries, respectively). An increasing comparative risk of cancer death was observed over time when comparing the most with the least socio-economically disadvantaged areas (SHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10 for 1980-1989; SHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12-1.17 for 1990-1999; and SHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21-1.27 for 2000-2008; p < 0.001 for interaction between disadvantage quintile and year of diagnosis). CONCLUSIONS There is a widening gap in comparative risk of cancer death by level of socio-economic disadvantage that warrants a policy response and further examination of reasons behind these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Tervonen
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
| | - Sanchia Aranda
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
- Cancer Council Australia, GPO Box 4708, Sydney, NSW 2001 Australia
| | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
| | - Hui You
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
| | - Richard Walton
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
| | - Stephen Morrell
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Deborah Baker
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
| | - David C. Currow
- Cancer Institute NSW, GPO Box 41, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 1435 Australia
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Offor UT, Basta NO, James PW, McNally RJQ. Is there a socioeconomic variation in survival from renal tumours in children and young people resident in northern England (1968-2012)? Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 50:92-98. [PMID: 28843177 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite strong evidence of a social gradient in cancer survival among UK adults, studies in children and young people remain inconclusive and have not included renal tumours. This study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and survival from renal tumours among children and young people. PROCEDURE Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox regression were used to analyse survival for all 209 renal tumours in children and young people (0-24 years) diagnosed 1968-2012 and registered by a specialist population-based registry. Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic variables, including paternal occupation at birth, were also analysed. RESULTS No significant disparity in overall renal tumour and Wilms tumour (WT) survival was observed according to paternal social class [p=0.988 and 0.808, respectively]. The strongest predictor of survival was stage, with late stage (III-IV) disease having a 4-fold higher risk of death compared to early stage (I-II) disease [p<0.001]. Similarly, high mortality-risk was seen for late stage WT in children aged 0-14 years (Hazard Ratio=6.37; 95% CI=2.60-15.59). CONCLUSIONS This study did not detect a significant social gradient in renal tumour survival. The identification of tumour stage as a strong predictor of survival irrespective of age, necessitates the development of appropriate public health interventions that target early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugonna T Offor
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Nermine O Basta
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Peter W James
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Richard J Q McNally
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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PINTO NÍCOLASC, SILVA JUCÉLIAB, MENEGATI LAURAM, GUEDES MARIACLARAM, MARQUES LUCASB, SILVA THIAGOPDA, MELO ROSSANACDE, SOUZA-FAGUNDES ELAINEMDE, SALVADOR MARCOSJ, SCIO ELITA, FABRI RODRIGOL. Cytotoxicity and bacterial membrane destabilization induced by Annona squamosa L. extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:2053-2073. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - ELITA SCIO
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Does exclusion of cancers registered only from death-certificate information diminish socio-demographic disparities in recorded survival? Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 48:70-77. [PMID: 28419901 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death Certificate Only (DCO) cancer cases are commonly excluded from survival analyses due to unknown survival time. This study examines whether socio-demographic factors are associated with DCO diagnosis, and the potential effects of excluding DCO cases on socio-demographic cancer survival disparities in NSW, Australia. METHODS NSW Cancer Registry data for cases diagnosed in 2000-2008 were used in this study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of DCO registration by socio-demographic sub-group (socio-economic disadvantage, residential remoteness, country of birth, age at diagnosis). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the probability of death from cancer by socio-demographic subgroup when DCO cases were included and excluded from analyses. RESULTS DCO cases consisted of 1.5% (n=4336) of all cases (n=299,651). DCO diagnosis was associated with living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas (most disadvantaged compared with least disadvantaged quintile: odds ratio OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.12-1.40), living in inner regional (OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.08-1.25) or remote areas (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.01-2.19), having an unknown country of birth (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.47-1.81) and older age. Including or excluding DCO cases had no significant impact on hazard ratios for cancer death by socio-economic disadvantage quintile or remoteness category, and only a minor impact on hazard ratios by age. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic factors were associated with DCO diagnosis in NSW. However, socio-demographic cancer survival disparities remained unchanged or varied only slightly irrespective of including/excluding DCO cases. Further research could examine the upper limits of DCO proportions that significantly alter estimated cancer survival differentials if DCOs are excluded.
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Öhlén J, Cohen J, Håkanson C. Determinants in the place of death for people with different cancer types: a national population-based study. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:455-461. [PMID: 27835053 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Place of death has for the past decade increasingly come to be regarded as a robust indicator of how palliative care is organized and provided, and is also recognized as an important factor for well being at the end of life. Variations in place of cancer deaths have previously been reported in the context of country-specific healthcare organization, but without differentiating between cancer types and national regional variations. Our aim was to examine, at a population level, where people with cancer diseases die in Sweden, and to investigate associations of place of death and cancer type with individual, socioeconomic and geographical characteristics of the deceased. MATERIAL AND METHODS This population level study is based on death certificate data (sex; age; underlying cause of death and place of death) and population register data (educational attainment, marital status, living arrangements, area of residence, degree of urbanization, and healthcare region) of all 2012 cancer deaths in Sweden, with a registered place of death (hospital, nursing home, home, other places). Data were explored descriptively. To investigate associations between place of death and cancer types, and individual, socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, a series of multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The most frequent type of cancer death occurring at home was upper gastrointestinal cancer (25.6%) and the least frequent was hematological cancer (15.2%). Regional variations in cancer deaths occurring at home ranged from 17.1% to 28.4%. Factors associated with place of death by cancer type were age, educational attainment, marital status, healthcare regions and degree of urbanization. CONCLUSION Large healthcare regional variations in place of death among different cancer types were found. The socioeconomic inequality previously demonstrated for screening, diagnostic and treatment processes, rehabilitation and survival thus also seems to be reflected in the place of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Öhlén
- Department of Health Care Science, Palliative Research Centre (JÖ, CH), Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (JÖ), Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Cohen
- End-of-Life Care Research Group (JC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Håkanson
- Department of Health Care Science, Palliative Research Centre (JÖ, CH), Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society (CH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Svechkina A, Zusman M, Rybnikova N, Portnov BA. Spatial identification of potential health hazards: a systematic areal search approach. Int J Health Geogr 2017; 16:5. [PMID: 28173815 PMCID: PMC5297159 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-017-0078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Large metropolitan areas often exhibit multiple morbidity hotspots. However, the identification of specific health hazards, associated with the observed morbidity patterns, is not always straightforward. In this study, we suggest an empirical approach to the identification of specific health hazards, which have the highest probability of association with the observed morbidity patterns. Methods The morbidity effect of a particular health hazard is expected to weaken with distance. To account for this effect, we estimate distance decay gradients for alternative locations and then rank these locations based on the strength of association between the observed morbidity and wind-direction weighted proximities to these locations. To validate this approach, we use both theoretical examples and a case study of the Greater Haifa Metropolitan Area (GHMA) in Israel, which is characterized by multiple health hazards. Results In our theoretical examples, the proposed approach helped to identify correctly the predefined locations of health hazards, while in the real-world case study, the main health hazard was identified as a spot in the industrial zone, which hosts several petrochemical facilities. Conclusion The proposed approach does not require extensive input information and can be used as a preliminary risk assessment tool in a wide range of environmental settings, helping to identify potential environmental risk factors behind the observed population morbidity patterns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-017-0078-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Svechkina
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 3498838, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marina Zusman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 3498838, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalya Rybnikova
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 3498838, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boris A Portnov
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 3498838, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
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Medenwald D, Vordermark D, Dietzel CT. Cancer mortality in former East and West Germany: a story of unification? BMC Cancer 2017; 17:94. [PMID: 28148231 PMCID: PMC5288858 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health and social conditions vary between West and East Germany. Methods We analyzed annual mortality data of all recorded deaths caused by lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer in Germany as they are published by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) encompassing the period 1980–2014 for former West Germany (WG) and 1990–2014 for former East Germany (EG). To compare East and West Germany we computed the ratio of the mortality rates in both parts (mortality rate ratio, MRR, <1 indicates a lower mortality in EG). Forecasting methods of time series analyses were applied (model selection based on the Box/Jenkins approach) to predict 5-year trends until 2019. Results Lung cancer: In women mortality rose in both regions (WG: +2.8%, 1991–2014, EG: +2.2%, 1990–2014). In men mortality in WG declined between −2.1% and −1.2%, and by −2.7% (1993–2009) in EG which was followed by a plateau. Colorectal cancer: A decline was found in both WG (−3.1%, 1993–2014) and EG women (−3.8%, 1993–2008 and −2.0%, 2008–2014). A decline in EG men since 1992 (−0.9%, 1992–1997 and −2.3%, 1997–2014) mirrors the development in WG (−2.6%, 1995–2014). Breast cancer: Constant mortality decline in WG after 1996. In EG a decline (−2.4%, 1992–2007) was followed by a plateau with an MRR <1 (1990–2014). Prostate cancer: In WG a decline (−3.4%) came to a hold after 2007, while there was a constant decline of 1.5% in EG. The forecast indicated that mortality of colorectal/lung cancer in men and breast cancer reaches a plateau in future years. Conclusion Courses of mortality were similar between East and West, while existing differences are likely to remain in the near future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3086-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medenwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian T Dietzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Larfors G, Sandin F, Richter J, Själander A, Stenke L, Lambe M, Höglund M. The impact of socio-economic factors on treatment choice and mortality in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:398-406. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Larfors
- Unit of Haematology; Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Johan Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy; Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology; Lund Sweden
| | - Anders Själander
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Leif Stenke
- Division of Haematology; Department of Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Regional Cancer Center Uppsala-Örebro; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Martin Höglund
- Unit of Haematology; Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Comber H, De Camargo Cancela M, Haase T, Johnson H, Sharp L, Pratschke J. Affluence and Private Health Insurance Influence Treatment and Survival in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168684. [PMID: 27992551 PMCID: PMC5167407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate inequalities in survival for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of patient, social and process-of-care factors. METHODS All cases of NHL diagnosed in Ireland in 2004-2008 were included. Variables describing patient, cancer, stage and process of care were included in a discrete-time model of survival using Structural Equation Modelling software. RESULTS Emergency admissions were more common in patients with co-morbid conditions or with more aggressive cancers, and less frequent for patients from more affluent areas. Aggressive morphology, female sex, emergency admission, increasing age, comorbidity, treatment in a high caseload hospital and late stage were associated with increased hazard of mortality. Private patients had a reduced hazard of mortality, mediated by systemic therapy, admission to high caseload hospitals and fewer emergency admissions. DISCUSSION The higher rate of emergency presentation, and consequent poorer survival, of uninsured patients, suggests they face barriers to early presentation. Social, educational and cultural factors may also discourage disadvantaged patients from consulting with early symptoms of NHL. Non-insured patients, who present later and have more emergency admissions would benefit from better access to diagnostic services. Older patients remain disadvantaged by sub-optimal treatment, treatment in non-specialist centres and emergency admission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trutz Haase
- Social and Economic Consultant, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Howard Johnson
- Health & Wellbeing Directorate Health Intelligence Unit, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Sharp
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Pratschke
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Syse A, Lyngstad TH. In sickness and in health: The role of marital partners in cancer survival. SSM Popul Health 2016; 3:99-110. [PMID: 29349208 PMCID: PMC5769016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Married cancer patients enjoy a survival advantage, potentially attributable to better health at diagnosis, earlier contact with health personnel, and/or access to resources to ensure more optimal treatment. These mechanisms only invoke the mere presence of a partner, but partners bring varying amounts of resources into the household. It is likely that also spousal resources contribute to differentials in survival net of own resources, as gradients in survival by the latter are well documented. Our aim is to examine the combined roles of own and spouses’ socioeconomic characteristics (SES) and age for cancer survival. Almost 268,000 married patients diagnosed with a first cancer after age 50 during 1975–2007 were identified from the Norwegian Cancer Registry and other national registers. In a sequence of hazard models, differences in survival by patients' own education, income and age and the role of spouses' characteristics were assessed. Furthermore, we also assessed the importance of homogamy/heterogamy along the same dimensions. Partners’ characteristics clearly matter for survival. The relative survival of patients with highly educated partners, net of their own education, is significantly higher than that of patients with lesser-educated partners. Somewhat similar effects are observed for income, net of education. A less consistent pattern is observed for age, although non-normative heterogamy patterns in age and income appear to be associated with a survival disadvantage. The naïve perspective of only considering the presence of partners may thus conceal important differences in cancer survival. Health personnel may take advantage of such knowledge in interactions with patients and their families, and gather information on resources in immediate networks that may impact prognosis favorable and/or unfavorable and help patients utilize these resources to improve prognosis. For married cancer patients, survival is influenced by the resources of spouses. As such, who you marry play a role for your survival. Having a highly educated and/or a high earning spouse appears to be beneficial. But, non-normative spousal patterns in age and SES appear to be disadvantageous. Married patients’ spousal resources may help shed light on inequalities in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Syse
- Statistics Norway, Dep. of Research, P.O. Box 8131 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torkild Hovde Lyngstad
- University of Oslo, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, P.O. Box 1096 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
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Tervonen HE, Morrell S, Aranda S, Roder D, You H, Niyonsenga T, Walton R, Baker D, Currow D. The impact of geographic unit of analysis on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival and distant summary stage - a population-based study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 41:130-136. [PMID: 27960223 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When using area-level disadvantage measures, size of geographic unit can have major effects on recorded socioeconomic cancer disparities. This study examined the extent of changes in recorded socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival and distant stage when the measure of socioeconomic disadvantage was based on smaller Census Collection Districts (CDs) instead of Statistical Local Areas (SLAs). METHODS Population-based New South Wales Cancer Registry data were used to identify cases diagnosed with primary invasive cancer in 2000-2008 (n=264,236). Logistic regression and competing risk regression modelling were performed to examine socioeconomic differences in odds of distant stage and hazard of cancer death for all sites combined and separately for breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers. RESULTS For all sites collectively, associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and cancer survival and distant stage were stronger when the CD-based socioeconomic disadvantage measure was used compared with the SLA-based measure. The CD-based measure showed a more consistent socioeconomic gradient with a linear upward trend of risk of cancer death/distant stage with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. Site-specific analyses provided similar findings for the risk of death but less consistent results for the likelihood of distant stage. CONCLUSIONS The use of socioeconomic disadvantage measure based on the smallest available spatial unit should be encouraged in the future. Implications for public health: Disadvantage measures based on small spatial units can more accurately identify socioeconomic cancer disparities to inform priority settings in service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Tervonen
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia
| | - Stephen Morrell
- Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales
| | - Sanchia Aranda
- Cancer Council Australia, New South Wales.,Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales
| | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia.,Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales
| | - Hui You
- Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales
| | - Theo Niyonsenga
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia
| | - Richard Walton
- Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales
| | - Deborah Baker
- Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, New South Wales.,Sax Institute, New South Wales
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75
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Singer S, Bartels M, Briest S, Einenkel J, Niederwieser D, Papsdorf K, Stolzenburg JU, Künstler S, Taubenheim S, Krauß O. Socio-economic disparities in long-term cancer survival-10 year follow-up with individual patient data. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:1391-1399. [PMID: 27942934 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reasons for the social gradient in cancer survival are not fully understood yet. Previous studies were often only able to determine the socio-economic status of the patients from the area they live in, not from their individual socio-economic characteristics. METHODS In a multi-centre cohort study with 1633 cancer patients and 10-year follow-up, individual socio-economic position was measured using the indicators: education, job grade, job type, and equivalence income. The effect on survival was measured for each indicator individually, adjusting for age, gender, and medical characteristics. The mediating effect of health behaviour (alcohol and tobacco consumption) was analysed in separate models. RESULTS Patients without vocational training were at increased risk of dying (rate ratio (RR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.2) compared to patients with the highest vocational training; patients with blue collar jobs were at increased risk (RR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.5) compared to patients with white collar jobs; income had a gradual effect (RR for the lowest income compared to highest was 2.7, 95% CI 1.9-3.8). Adding health behaviour to the models did not change the effect estimates considerably. There was no evidence for an effect of school education and job grade on cancer survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher income, better vocational training, and white collar jobs survived longer, regardless of disease stage at baseline and of tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Division of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- University Cancer Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Bartels
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Park Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Briest
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Einenkel
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Papsdorf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Künstler
- Department of Social Pedagogy and Adult Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Taubenheim
- Regional Clinical Cancer Registry Leipzig, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Krauß
- Department of Psychotherapy, Helios Park Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
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76
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Bolt EE, Pasman HRW, Willems D, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD. Appropriate and inappropriate care in the last phase of life: an explorative study among patients and relatives. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:655. [PMID: 27846832 PMCID: PMC5111254 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people are in need of care in the last phase of life. However, the care they receive is not always appropriate. For instance, people can receive overly aggressive treatment or can have limited access to palliative care. The term appropriate care is often used by policy makers, while it is unclear what care recipients consider as appropriate care. This study aims to identify what care patients and relatives perceive as appropriate and as inappropriate in the last phase of life, for patients suffering from different conditions. METHODS We designed an online survey with open questions. Participants were recruited through organizations for patients, older people and medical professionals. Answers were analysed after data-driven coding. Forty-five patients and 547 relatives described the care they received and described why this care was appropriate or inappropriate. RESULTS Participants described more cases of appropriate care than inappropriate care. The cases of appropriate care were diverse, but all involved care in (one or more of) five dimensions; supportive care, treatment decisions, location, the role of the patient's wish and communication. Each of these dimensions was frequently described (39-62 %). When care was inappropriate, this mostly involved inappropriate treatment decisions (69 %; especially overtreatment was frequently mentioned), and poor communication (50 %). There was considerable consistency in what was seen as (in)appropriate care across different conditions. However, especially patients suffering from other physical diseases than cancer more often received inappropriate care. CONCLUSION From the perspective of patients and relatives, appropriate care in the last phase of life is a broad concept. Caregivers should be aware of the diversity of care needs in the last phase of life. Especially treatment decisions and communication can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Elizabeth Bolt
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VUmc Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Roeline Willemijn Pasman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VUmc Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Willems
- Department of General Practice, Section of Medical Ethics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje Dorien Onwuteaka-Philipsen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VUmc Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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77
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Eichler M, Keszte J, Meyer A, Danker H, Guntinas-Lichius O, Oeken J, Pabst F, Singer S. Tobacco and alcohol consumption after total laryngectomy and survival: A German multicenter prospective cohort study. Head Neck 2016; 38:1324-9. [PMID: 27043145 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the relation of tobacco and alcohol consumption after total laryngectomy with overall survival (OS). METHODS Tobacco and alcohol consumption was assessed at 5 time points after total laryngectomy. Patients were followed up for survival until December 31, 2014. A multivariate Cox regression was fitted to test for differences in OS. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-nine patients were included in this study. Compared to former smokers, never smokers had hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.88 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 0.50-1.59), and continuous smokers 1.31 (95% CI = 0.87-1.96). Constantly high alcohol consumption after total laryngectomy had an HR of 2.19 (95% CI = 1.30-3.67). Duration of smoking (HR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99-1.01) and last known status of alcohol consumption (HR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.76-1.33) was not related to OS. CONCLUSION Patients who smoke after total laryngectomy have a 30% higher risk of dying than people who gave up smoking, and constant high alcohol consumption is also a strong risk factor for dying. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1324-1329, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eichler
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Keszte
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Meyer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Danker
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jens Oeken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Friedemann Pabst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Singer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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78
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Ripping TM, van der Waal D, Verbeek AL, Broeders MJ. The relative effect of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality by socioeconomic status. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4335. [PMID: 27495038 PMCID: PMC4979792 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence and mortality are higher in women with a high socioeconomic status (SES). The potential to prevent death from breast cancer is therefore greater in the high SES group. This does, however, require that the effectiveness of screening in the high SES group is equal to or greater than the effectiveness in the low SES group. The aim of this study is to assess the relative effectiveness of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality by SES.In Nijmegen, the Netherlands, women are invited to participate in biennial mammographic screening since 1975. Postal code is collected at each round and is used to calculate the SES of each woman based on the SES indicator of the Netherlands Institute for Social Research. The Dutch average was used to classify the SES score of each woman as either high or low. We designed a case-control study to investigate the effect of mammographic screening in women aged 50 to 75, 40 to 75, and 50 to 69 years, and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Among the women invited to the mammographic screening program in Nijmegen, 10% had a high SES. In women aged 50 to 75 years, the breast cancer death rate was 38% lower in screened women than in unscreened women. The ORs for women with high SES (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.31-2.19) and low SES did not differ significantly (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47-0.78).Mammographic screening reduces breast cancer mortality, but we did not observe a significant difference in the relative effectiveness of screening by SES. If the effectiveness of mammographic screening is indeed not dependent on SES status, the absolute number of breast cancer deaths prevented by mammographic screening will be greater in the high SES than low SES group, because women with a high SES have a greater risk of breast cancer death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M. Ripping
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
- Correspondence: Theodora M. Ripping, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101 (Route 133), 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (e-mail: )
| | | | - André L.M. Verbeek
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Mireille J.M. Broeders
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
- Dutch Reference Center for Screening, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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79
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Singer S, Roick J, Briest S, Stark S, Gockel I, Boehm A, Papsdorf K, Meixensberger J, Müller T, Prietzel T, Schiefke F, Dietel A, Bräunlich J, Danker H. Impact of socio-economic position on cancer stage at presentation: Findings from a large hospital-based study in Germany. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1696-702. [PMID: 27244597 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and cancer stage at presentation. Patients admitted to a university hospital for diagnosis and treatment of cancer provided data on their education, vocational training, income, employment, job, health insurance and postcode. Tumor stage was classified according to the Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC). To analyze disparities in the likelihood of late-stage (UICC III/IV vs. I/II) diagnoses, logistic regression models adjusting for age and gender were used. Out of 1,012 patients, 572 (59%) had late-stage cancer. Separately tested, increased odds of advanced disease were associated with post-compulsory education compared to college degrees, with apprenticeship and no vocational training, with unemployment, disability pension, jobs with a low hierarchy level, blue collar jobs and with low income. Health insurance and community size were not related with late-stage cancer. Jointly modelled, there was evidence for an independent effect of unemployment (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, CI 1.0-2.8), disability pension (OR 1.8, CI 1.0-3.2) and very low income (OR 2.6, CI 1.1-6.1) on the likelihood of advanced disease stage. It is of great concern that these socio-economic gradients occur even in systems with equal access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.,University Cancer Centre, Mainz, Germany.,Mainz-Frankfurt, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research, Germany
| | - Julia Roick
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Briest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Stark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of General Surgery, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boehm
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Papsdorf
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Charité, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Prietzel
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Schiefke
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Dietel
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Bräunlich
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Danker
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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80
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Simony SB, Lund LW, Erdmann F, Andersen KK, Winther JF, Schüz J, Johansen C, Schmiegelow K, Dalton SO. Effect of socioeconomic position on survival after childhood cancer in Denmark. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:742-50. [PMID: 26935257 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2016.1144933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background One fifth of all deaths among children in Europe are accounted for by cancer. If this is to be reduced there is a need for studies on not only biology and treatment approaches but also on how social factors influence cure rates. We investigated how various socioeconomic characteristics were associated with survival after childhood cancer. Material and methods In a nationwide cohort of 3797 children diagnosed with cancer [hematological cancer, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, non-CNS solid tumors] before age 20 between 1990 and 2009 we identified parents and siblings and obtained individual level parental socioeconomic variables and vital status through 2012 by linkage to population-based registries. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dying were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results For all children with cancer combined, survival was slightly but not statistically significantly better the higher the education of the mother or the father, and with maternal income. Significantly better survival was observed when parents were living together compared to living alone and worse survival when the child had siblings compared to none. Young (<20) or older (≥40) maternal age showed non-significant associations, but based on small numbers. For hematological cancers, no significant associations were observed. For CNS tumors, better survival was seen with parents living together (HR 0.70, CI 0.51-0.97). For non-CNS solid tumors, survival was better with high education of the mother (HR 0.66, CI 0.44-0.99) compared to basic and worse for children with one (HR 1.45, CI 1.11-1.89) or two or more siblings (HR 1.29, CI 0.93-1.79) (p for trend 0.02) compared to none. Conclusion The impact of socioeconomic characteristics on childhood cancer survival, despite equal access to protocolled and free-of-charge treatment, warrants further and more direct studies of underlying mechanisms in order to target these as a means to improve survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie B Simony
- a Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lasse W Lund
- a Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
- b Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- c Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , Lyon Cedex , France
| | - Klaus K Andersen
- d Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jeanette F Winther
- a Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Joachim Schüz
- c Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , Lyon Cedex , France
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- a Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
- e The Department of Oncology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- b Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
- f Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Susanne O Dalton
- a Survivorship Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
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81
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Lundqvist A, Andersson E, Ahlberg I, Nilbert M, Gerdtham U. Socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Europe-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:804-813. [PMID: 27221607 PMCID: PMC5054273 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer in Europe and is estimated to affect more than one in 10 women. Higher socioeconomic status has been linked to higher incidence but lower case fatality, while the impact on mortality is ambiguous. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on studies on association between socioeconomic status and breast cancer outcomes in Europe, with a focus on effects of confounding factors. Summary relative risks (SRRs) were calculated. Results: The systematic review included 25 articles of which 8 studied incidence, 10 case fatality and 8 mortality. The meta-analysis showed a significantly increased incidence (SRR 1.25, 1.17–1.32), a significantly decreased case fatality (SRR 0.72, 0.63–0.81) and a significantly increased mortality (SRR 1.16, 1.10–1.23) for women with higher socioeconomic status. The association for incidence became insignificant when reproductive factors were included. Case fatality remained significant after controlling for tumour characteristics, treatment factors, comorbidity and lifestyle factors. Mortality remained significant after controlling for reproductive factors. Conclusion: Women with higher socioeconomic status show significantly higher breast cancer incidence, which may be explained by reproductive factors, mammography screening, hormone replacement therapy and lifestyle factors. Lower case fatality for women with higher socioeconomic status may be partly explained by differences in tumour characteristics, treatment factors, comorbidity and lifestyle factors. Several factors linked to breast cancer risk and outcome, such as lower screening attendance for women with lower socioeconomic status, are suitable targets for policy intervention aimed at reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lundqvist
- IHE, The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ida Ahlberg
- IHE, The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mef Nilbert
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gerdtham
- IHE, The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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82
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Lee HE, Kim HR, Chung YK, Kang SK, Kim EA. Mortality rates by occupation in Korea: a nationwide, 13-year follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:329-35. [PMID: 26920855 PMCID: PMC4853594 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to identify inequalities in cause-specific mortality across different occupational groups in Korea. METHODS The cohort included Korean workers enrolled in the national employment insurance programme between 1995 and 2000. Mortality was determined by matching death between 1995 and 2009 according to a nationwide registry of the Korea National Statistical Office. The cohort was divided into nine occupational groups according to the Korean Standard Occupational Classification (KSOC). Age-standardised mortality rates of each subcohort were calculated. RESULTS The highest age-standardised mortality rate was identified in KSOC 6 (agricultural, forestry and fishery workers; male (M): 563.0 per 100 000, female (F): 206.0 per 100 000), followed by KSOC 9 (elementary occupations; M: 499.0, F: 163.4) and KSOC 8 (plant, machine operators and assemblers; M: 380.3, F: 157.8). The lowest rate occurred in KSOC 2 (professionals and related workers; M: 209.1, F: 93.3). Differences in mortality rates between KSOC 2 and KSOC 9 (M: 289.9, F: 70.1) and the rate ratio of KSCO9 to KSCO2 (M: 2.39, F: 1.75) were higher in men. The most prominent mortality rate difference was observed in external causes of death (M: 96.9, F: 21.6) and liver disease in men (38.3 per 100 000). Mental disease showed the highest rate ratio (M: 6.31, F: 13.00). CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences in mortality rates by occupation were identified. Main causes of death were injury, suicide and male liver disease. Development of policies to support occupations linked with a lower socioeconomic position should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Chung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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83
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Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival among Swedish children. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:118-24. [PMID: 26730576 PMCID: PMC4716549 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier evidence, also from high-income countries, suggests that parental socioeconomic status might influence survival from childhood cancer. This nationwide cohort study aimed to determine whether survival from childhood cancer in Sweden varies according to parental educational level and household income at the time of the child's diagnosis. METHODS All children aged 1-14 years with a first primary diagnosis of cancer during 1991 to 2010 identified from the Swedish Cancer Register were included. Using Cox regression, the effects of parental educational level and household income on childhood cancer survival were estimated. RESULTS For all diagnoses combined (n=4700), children of parents with compulsory or less education and upper-secondary education had poorer survival compared with children with parents who had the highest educational level, adjusted hazard ratios 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.59) and 1.17 (1.00-1.38). Results for leukaemia and nervous system tumours showed a similar pattern but were not statistically significant in adjusted analyses. The observed differences began within the first year after diagnosis. Household income was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Also in Sweden, with universal health care, there are indications of inequalities in survival after childhood cancer diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine which mechanisms explain the association.
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84
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Smith A, Crouch S, Howell D, Burton C, Patmore R, Roman E. Impact of age and socioeconomic status on treatment and survival from aggressive lymphoma: a UK population-based study of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:1103-12. [PMID: 26341588 PMCID: PMC4676192 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the influence of patient's age and socio-economic status on treatment and outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); an aggressive curable cancer, with an incidence rate that increases markedly with age but varies little with socio-economic status. METHODS Set within a representative UK population of around 4 million, data are from an established patient cohort. This report includes all patients (≥ 18 years) newly diagnosed with DLBCL 2004-2012, with follow-up to February 2015. RESULTS Of the 2137 patients (median age 70.2 years) diagnosed with denovo DLBCL, 1709 (80%) were treated curatively/intensively and 1161(54.3%) died during follow-up. Five-year overall and relative survival (RS) estimates were 46.2% (95% CI 44.0-48.4%) and 54.6% (52.1%-57.0%) respectively for all patients, and 58.5% (56.1-60.9%) and 67.0% (64.3-69.6%) for intensively treated patients. 96.3% of patients <55 years (366/380) and 96.4% of those with the best performance status (543/563) were treated curatively: 5-year RSs being 77.9% (73.1-82%) and 87.1% (82.5-90.6%) respectively. At the other end of the age/fitness spectrum, 33.3% of those ≥ 85 years (66/198) and 41.1% with the worst performance (94/225) were treated curatively: the corresponding 5-year RSs being 50.5% (27.1-69.0%) and 22.9% (14.0-33.2%). The proportion of patients whose cancer was fully staged fell with increasing age and worsening performance status. No socio-economic variations with treatment, stage at presentation or outcome were detected. CONCLUSIONS Performance status is more discriminatory of survival than chronological age, with fitter patients benefiting from treatment across all ages. Socio-economic factors are not predictive of outcome in patients with DLBCL in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Smith
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Simon Crouch
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Debra Howell
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Cathy Burton
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queens Centre for Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
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85
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Baili P, Di Salvo F, Marcos-Gragera R, Siesling S, Mallone S, Santaquilani M, Micheli A, Lillini R, Francisci S. Age and case mix-standardised survival for all cancer patients in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5, a population-based study. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2120-2129. [PMID: 26421816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival after cancer is frequently used when assessing a health care service's performance as a whole. It is mainly used by the public, politicians and the media, and is often dismissed by clinicians because of the heterogeneous mix of different cancers, risk factors and treatment modalities. Here we give survival details for all cancers combined in Europe, correlating it with economic variables to suggest reasons for differences. METHODS We computed age and cancer site case-mix standardised relative survival for all cancers combined (ACRS) for 29 countries participating in the EUROCARE-5 project with data on more than 7.5million cancer cases from 87 population-based cancer registries, using complete and period approach. RESULTS Denmark, United Kingdom (UK) and Eastern European countries had lower survival than neighbouring countries. Five-year ACRS has been increasing throughout Europe, and substantial increases, between 1999-2001 and 2005-2007, have been achieved in countries where survival was lower in the past. Five-year ACRS for men and women are positively correlated with macro-economic variables like the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total National Expenditure on Health (TNEH) (R2 about 70%). Countries with recent larger increases in GDP and TNEH had greater increases in cancer survival. CONCLUSIONS ACRS serves to compare all cancer survival in Europe taking account of the geographical variability in case-mixes. The EUROCARE-5 data on ACRS confirm previous EUROCARE findings. Survival appears to correlate with macro-economic determinants, particularly with investments in the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baili
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori", via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Salvo
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori", via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry (Oncology Coordination Plan). Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (Department of Research), PO Box 19079, 3501 DB Utrecht, The Netherlands; MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente (Department of Health Technology and Services Research), Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mallone
- National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Santaquilani
- Informatics service, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Micheli
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori", via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISS), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Lillini
- PhD School in Applied Sociology and Methodology of Research, Department of Sociology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Francisci
- National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
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86
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Rodday AM, Parsons SK, Snyder F, Simon MA, Llanos AAM, Warren-Mears V, Dudley D, Lee JH, Patierno SR, Markossian TW, Sanders M, Whitley EM, Freund KM. Impact of patient navigation in eliminating economic disparities in cancer care. Cancer 2015; 121:4025-34. [PMID: 26348120 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient navigation may reduce cancer disparities associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and household factors. This study examined whether these factors were associated with delays in diagnostic resolution among patients with cancer screening abnormalities and whether patient navigation ameliorated these delays. METHODS This study analyzed data from 5 of 10 centers of the National Cancer Institute's Patient Navigation Research Program, which collected SES and household data on employment, income, education, housing, marital status, and household composition. The primary outcome was the time to diagnostic resolution after a cancer screening abnormality. Separate adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were fit for each SES and household factor, and an interaction between that factor and the intervention status was included. RESULTS Among the 3777 participants (1968 in the control arm and 1809 in the navigation intervention arm), 91% were women, and the mean age was 44 years; 43% were Hispanic, 28% were white, and 27% were African American. Within the control arm, the unemployed experienced a longer time to resolution than those employed full-time (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; P = .02). Renters (HR, 0.81; P = .02) and those with other (ie, unstable) housing (HR, 0.60; P < .001) had delays in comparison with homeowners. Never married (HR, 0.70; P < .001) and previously married participants (HR, 0.85; P = .03) had a longer time to care than married participants. There were no differences in the time to diagnostic resolution with any of these variables within the navigation intervention arm. CONCLUSIONS Delays in diagnostic resolution exist by employment, housing type, and marital status. Patient navigation eliminated these disparities in the study sample. These findings demonstrate the value of providing patient navigation to patients at high risk for delays in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Mae Rodday
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan K Parsons
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Melissa A Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Victoria Warren-Mears
- Northwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, Portland, Oregon
| | - Donald Dudley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Steven R Patierno
- George Washington University Cancer Institute, Washington, DC.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Mechelle Sanders
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Karen M Freund
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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87
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Socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer survival: A review of the evidence and explanatory factors. Soc Sci Med 2015; 142:9-18. [PMID: 26281022 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although survival rates after prostate cancer diagnosis have improved in the past two decades, survival analyses regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) suggest inequalities indicating worse prognosis for lower SES groups. An overview of the current literature is lacking and moreover, there is an ongoing discussion about the underlying causes but evidence is comparatively sparse. Several patient, disease and health care related factors are discussed to have an important impact on disparities in survival. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to sum up the current evidence of survival inequalities and the contribution of different potential explanatory factors among prostate cancer patients. The PubMed database was screened for relevant articles published between January 2005 and September 2014 revealing 330 potentially eligible publications. After systematic review process, 46 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. About 75% of the studies indicate a significant association between low SES and worse survival among prostate cancer patients in the fully adjusted model. Overall, hazard ratios (low versus high SES) range from 1.02 to 3.57. A decrease of inequalities over the years was not identified. 8 studies examined the impact of explanatory factors on the association between SES and survival by progressive adjustment indicating mediating effects of comorbidity, stage at diagnosis and treatment modalities. Eventually, an apparent majority of the obtained studies indicates lower survival among patients with lower SES. The few studies that intend to explain inequalities found out instructive results regarding different contributing factors but evidence is still insufficient.
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88
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O'Keefe EB, Meltzer JP, Bethea TN. Health disparities and cancer: racial disparities in cancer mortality in the United States, 2000-2010. Front Public Health 2015; 3:51. [PMID: 25932459 PMCID: PMC4398881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Declining cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States (U.S.) have continued through the first decade of the twenty-first century. Reductions in tobacco use, greater uptake of prevention measures, adoption of early detection methods, and improved treatments have resulted in improved outcomes for both men and women. However, Black Americans continue to have the higher cancer mortality rates and shorter survival times. This review discusses and compares the cancer mortality rates and mortality trends for Blacks and Whites. The complex relationship between socioeconomic status and race and its contribution to racial cancer disparities is discussed. Based on current trends and the potential and limitations of the patient protection and affordable care act with its mandate to reduce health care inequities, future trends, and challenges in cancer mortality disparities in the U.S. are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen B O'Keefe
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jeremy P Meltzer
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University , Boston, MA , USA
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89
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Štefková G, Veselská ZD, Vargová V, Paľo M. The Association of Education, Employment and Living with a Partner with the Treatment among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:1-9. [PMID: 29546091 PMCID: PMC5690365 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between social and socioeconomic status and ongoing treatment among patients with head and neck cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from 159 examined patients treated with head and neck cancer during the period from 2011 to 2012 were explored. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess association of social status (living with somebody vs. living alone), socioeconomic status (employed vs. unemployed) and education (primary/secondary/university) with treatment. RESULTS The results from logistic regression showed significant association of employment status and education with both interruption in radiochemotherapy and searching for additional help after surgery. Interruption of radiochemotherapy was almost 3 times more likely in a group of unemployed compared to the employed patients. Lack of searching for help after surgery was almost 4 times more likely in a group of unemployed compared to the employed and 5 times more likely in the group with the lowest education compared with the group with the highest education. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that special attention needs to be paid, not only during but also after treatment, to the patients from low socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Štefková
- Nursing Department, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Viola Vargová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Paľo
- Department of Radiology of JA Reiman University hospital in Prešov, Slovakia
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90
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Sinding C, Warren R, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Sussman J. Research in cancer care disparities in countries with universal healthcare: mapping the field and its conceptual contours. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:3101-20. [PMID: 25120008 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper reviews published studies focused on disparities in receipt of cancer treatments and supportive care services in countries where cancer care is free at the point of access. We map these studies in terms of the equity stratifiers they examined, the countries in which they took place, and the care settings and cancer populations they investigated. Based on this map, we reflect on patterns of scholarly attention to equity and disparity in cancer care. We then consider conceptual challenges and opportunities in the field, including how treatment disparities are defined, how equity stratifiers are defined and conceptualized and how disparities are explained, with special attention to the challenge of psychosocial explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sinding
- School of Social Work & Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
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91
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Prognostic factors in malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results experience 1978-2010). Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1942-50. [PMID: 24857045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.03.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic significance of age at diagnosis, extent of the disease (EOD) and socioeconomic (SES) and sociodemographic status (civil status, residency) on cause specific survival (CSS) in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCTs). To explore the cumulative incidence of a second cancer in 10-year MOGCT survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS 2541 patients with MOGCT, reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results programme (1978-2010), were identified. The above mentioned prognostic factors were assessed separately for dysgerminoma and non-dysgerminoma, using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox Hazards Models, providing 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Five-year CSS was 97% (95% CI, 96-98%), and 92% (95% CI, 91-93%), respectively for dysgerminoma, and non-dysgerminoma. Age >40 years at diagnosis and presence of metastases were significantly associated with cause specific mortality. Among non-dysgerminoma patients, decreasing SES (hazard ratio (HR), 1.59; 95% CI, 1.11-2.28) and treatment before 1990 (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.83-3.85) increased mortality. In the adjusted analysis, patients from Michigan were almost 2.5 times more likely to die from MOGCT than patients from other states (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.17-5.25). Second cancer was diagnosed in 10% of 10-year survivals who underwent radiotherapy and in 2% of survivals in non-radiotherapy group (p=.002). CONCLUSIONS Increased attention should be directed towards the management of elderly MOGCT patients and those with non-dysgerminoma histology with low SES. Radiotherapy should be avoided as much as possible. Survival differences related to residency may occur when new cancer treatments are introduced.
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92
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Ramsay SE, Morris RW, Whincup PH, Papacosta AO, Lennon LT, Wannamethee SG. Time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality: results from a 35 year prospective study in British men. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:474. [PMID: 24975430 PMCID: PMC4083875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Britain have been shown to be present in the 1990s and early 2000s. Little is known about on-going patterns in such inequalities in cancer mortality. We examined time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Britain between 1978 and 2013. Methods A socially representative cohort of 7489 British men with data on longest-held occupational social class, followed up for 35 years, in whom 1484 cancer deaths occurred. Results The hazard ratio for cancer mortality for manual vs. non-manual social classes remained unchanged; among men aged 50–59 years it was 1.62 (95%CI 1.17–2.24) between 1980–1990 and 1.65 (95%CI 1.14–2.40) between 1990–2000. The absolute difference (non-manual minus manual) in probability of surviving death from cancer to 70 years remained at 3% over the follow-up. The consistency of risks over time was similar for both smoking-related and non-smoking related cancer mortality. Conclusion Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Britain remain unchanged over the last 35 years and need to be urgently addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Ramsay
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
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93
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Choi IK, Hyun JJ, Kim SY, Jung SW, Koo JS, Kim JH, Yim HJ, Lee SW. Influence of socioeconomic status on survival and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer after chemotherapy. Oncol Res Treat 2014; 37:310-4. [PMID: 24903761 DOI: 10.1159/000362625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities are known to influence the survival of cancer patients due to differences in treatment modalities and disease extent at diagnosis. However, there are few studies regarding the influence of socioeconomic status on patient survival, especially after palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was performed on 138 advanced gastric cancer patients who received palliative chemotherapy. Demographic, socioeconomic, and cancer-related variables were analyzed according to education level. Effects of socioeconomic factors and cancer-related variables on patient survival were also evaluated. RESULTS In our study, higher education level (> 6 years of schooling; p = 0.01), disease control (p < 0.01), and a greater number of chemotherapeutic agents (≥ 5 drugs; p < 0.01) were associated with a significant increase in median survival. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher education level (hazard ratio (HR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.82; p < 0.01), disease control (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.13-0.34), and total number of chemotherapeutic agents used (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.26-0.73) were significantly associated with prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS Among socioeconomic factors, only higher education level was associated with better survival. Increase in survival was also associated with clinical outcomes, including total number of chemotherapeutic agents used and disease control after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Ansan, Korea
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94
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Socioeconomic variation in survival from childhood leukaemia in northern England, 1968-2010. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2339-45. [PMID: 23652301 PMCID: PMC3681006 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite marked improvements in childhood leukaemia survival, 20% still die within 5 years of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status, as assessed by paternal occupation at birth, and survival from childhood leukaemia in children, using data from the Northern Region Young Persons Malignant Disease Registry. Methods: All 1007 cases of leukaemia in children aged 0–14 years, diagnosed between 1968 and 2010 and registered with the Registry were studied. Paternal occupational social class at the time of the child's birth was obtained and analysed in relation to survival using Cox-proportional regression. Results: Compared with the most advantaged group (I/II), those in the middle group (IIIN/M) had a 68% increased risk of death, while those in the least advantaged group (IV/V) had 86% higher risk for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. While the survival advantage of children in class I/II was apparent from the time of diagnosis, survival for children in groups IIIN/M and IV/V were comparable until 3–4 years after diagnosis, when they began to minimally diverge. Conclusion: The existence of such socioeconomic disparities cannot be attributed to accessibility to health care in the United Kingdom. Further research into the likely factors underlying these disparities is required.
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