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Bu X, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Jia L, Liang B, Yan Y. Recombinant adenovirus expressing hIFN-λ1 inhibits gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 proliferation. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:287-292. [PMID: 26870205 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of a recombinant plasmid adenovirus (pAd) expressing human interferon-λ1 (hIFN-λ1) on the proliferation of the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901. For this purpose, human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were infected with recombinant pAd-hIFN-λ1, pAd-LacZ and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively, and the subsequent effects on the proliferation of the infected cells were compared. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, while mRNA and protein expression of hIFN-λ1 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry were conducted to analyze the rate of cell apoptosis. The results indicated that the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited by pAd-hIFN-λ1. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate and the mRNA and protein expression levels of hIFN-λ1 were higher in pAd-hIFN-λ1-transfected cells, compared with the pAd-LacZ and PBS control groups. In conclusion, recombinant pAd-hIFN-λ1 induced the expression of hIFN-λ1 in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells, and significantly inhibited cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis in these cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Mubin Wang
- Department of Surgical Medicine, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgical Medicine, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Surgical Medicine, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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Wack A, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Hartmann R. Guarding the frontiers: the biology of type III interferons. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:802-9. [PMID: 26194286 PMCID: PMC7096991 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) or IFN-λs regulate a similar set of genes as type I IFNs, but whereas type I IFNs act globally, IFN-λs primarily target mucosal epithelial cells and protect them against the frequent viral attacks that are typical for barrier tissues. IFN-λs thereby help to maintain healthy mucosal surfaces through immune protection, without the significant immune-related pathogenic risk associated with type I IFN responses. Type III IFNs also target the human liver, with dual effects: they induce an antiviral state in hepatocytes, but specific IFN-λ4 action impairs the clearance of hepatitis C virus and could influence inflammatory responses. This constitutes a paradox that has yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wack
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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IFN-λ: A New Class of Interferon with Distinct Functions-Implications for Hepatitis C Virus Research. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:796461. [PMID: 26078754 PMCID: PMC4452855 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) is widely used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection with notorious adverse reactions since the broad expression of IFN-α receptors on all nucleated cells. Accordingly, a Type III IFN with restricted receptors distribution is much safer as an alternative for HCV therapy. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the human IFN-λ3 gene, IL-28B, correlate strongly with the ability to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) to therapy with pegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin in patients infected with chronic hepatitis C. Furthermore, we also discuss the most recent findings: IFN-λ4 predicts treatment outcomes of HCV infection. In consideration of the apparent limitations of current HCV therapy, especially high failure rate and universal side effects, prediction of treatment outcomes prior to the initiation of treatment and developing new alternative drugs are two important goals in HCV research.
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Grygorczuk S, Parczewski M, Moniuszko A, Świerzbińska R, Kondrusik M, Zajkowska J, Czupryna P, Dunaj J, Boroń-Kaczmarska A, Pancewicz S. Increased concentration of interferon lambda-3, interferon beta and interleukin-10 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Cytokine 2015; 71:125-31. [PMID: 25461389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic to severe encephalitis, and host-dependent factors determining the outcome remain elusive. We have measured concentrations of pro-inflammatory/Th1 interferon-γ (IFNγ), immunomodulatory/Th2 interleukin-10 (IL-10), anti-viral type I (IFNβ) and type III (IFNλ3) interferons in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum of 18 TBE patients, simultaneously genotyped for polymorphisms associated with the expression of genes IFNL3 (coding IFNλ3), IL10, CD209 and CCR5. IL-10, IFNβ and IFNλ3 were up-regulated in csf, with IFNλ3 level higher in patients with the milder clinical presentation (meningitis) than in meningoencephalitis. There was an increased serum IFNβ and a tendency for increased serum IL-10 in meningitis patients. Genotype in rs12979860 locus upstream of IFNL3 was associated with IFNλ3 expression and in rs287886 (CD209) - IL-10 expression. IL-10, IFNβ and IFNλ3 are expressed and play a protective role in TBE and their expression in TBE patients is associated with genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambor Grygorczuk
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, ul. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Świerzbińska
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kondrusik
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajkowska
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Dunaj
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Boroń-Kaczmarska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, ul. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Medical University in Białystok, Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, ul. Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
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Baños-Lara MDR, Harvey L, Mendoza A, Simms D, Chouljenko VN, Wakamatsu N, Kousoulas KG, Guerrero-Plata A. Impact and regulation of lambda interferon response in human metapneumovirus infection. J Virol 2015; 89:730-42. [PMID: 25355870 PMCID: PMC4301146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02897-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory paramyxovirus that is distributed worldwide and induces significant airway morbidity. Despite the relevance of hMPV as a pathogen, many aspects of the immune response to this virus are still largely unknown. In this report, we focus on the antiviral immune response, which is critical for viral clearance and disease resolution. Using in vitro and in vivo systems, we show that hMPV is able to induce expression of lambda interferon 1 (IFN-λ1), IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4. The induction of IFN-λ expression by hMPV was dependent on interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) expression but not on IRF-3 expression. Treatment of hMPV-infected mice with IFN-λ reduced the disease severity, lung viral titer, and inflammatory response in the lung. Moreover, the IFN-λ response induced by the virus was regulated by the expression of the hMPV G protein. These results show that type III interferons (IFN-λs) play a critical protective role in hMPV infection. IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a pathogen of worldwide importance. Despite the relevance of hMPV as a pathogen, critical aspects of the immune response induced by this virus remain unidentified. Interferons (IFNs), including IFN-λ, the newest addition to the interferon family, constitute an indispensable part of the innate immune response. Here, we demonstrated that IFN-λ exhibited a protective role in hMPV infection in vitro and in an experimental mouse model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Del Rocío Baños-Lara
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Harvey
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexander Mendoza
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dawn Simms
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vladimir N Chouljenko
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Gus Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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56
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Zdrenghea MT, Makrinioti H, Muresan A, Johnston SL, Stanciu LA. The role of macrophage IL-10/innate IFN interplay during virus-induced asthma. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:33-49. [PMID: 25430775 PMCID: PMC4316183 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation through different signaling pathways results in two functionally different types of macrophages, the pro-inflammatory (M1) and the anti-inflammatory (M2). The polarization of macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype is considered to be critical for efficient antiviral immune responses in the lung. Among the various cell types that are present in the asthmatic airways, macrophages have emerged as significant participants in disease pathogenesis, because of their activation during both the inflammatory and resolution phases, with an impact on disease progression. Polarized M1 and M2 macrophages are able to reversibly undergo functional redifferentiation into anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory macrophages, respectively, and therefore, macrophages mediate both processes. Recent studies have indicated a predominance of M2 macrophages in asthmatic airways. During a virus infection, it is likely that M2 macrophages would secrete higher amounts of the suppressor cytokine IL-10, and less innate IFNs. However, the interactions between IL-10 and innate IFNs during virus-induced exacerbations of asthma have not been well studied. The possible role of IL-10 as a therapy in allergic asthma has already been suggested, but the divergent roles of this suppressor molecule in the antiviral immune response raise concerns. This review attempts to shed light on macrophage IL-10-IFNs interactions and discusses the role of IL-10 in virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Whereas IL-10 is important in terminating pro-inflammatory and antiviral immune responses, the presence of this immune regulatory cytokine at the beginning of virus infection could impair the response to viruses and play a role in virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea T Zdrenghea
- Ion Chiricuta Oncology InstituteCluj-Napoca, Romania
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heidi Makrinioti
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
| | - Adriana Muresan
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
| | - Luminita A Stanciu
- Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- Airways Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondon, UK
- Centre for Respiratory InfectionsLondon, UK
- *
Correspondence to: Dr. L. A. Stanciu, MD, PhD, Airway Disease Infection Section, Imperial College London, London, UK., E-mail:
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57
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Meager A, Heath A, Dilger P, Zoon K, Wadhwa M. Standardization of human IL-29 (IFN-λ1): establishment of a World Health Organization international reference reagent for IL-29 (IFN-λ1). J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:876-84. [PMID: 24955567 PMCID: PMC4216994 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-29 (IL-29), a helical cytokine with interferon-like activities, is currently being developed as a clinical biotherapeutic to treat chronic hepatitis C infection and some cancers. As such, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized a need for biological standardization of IL-29 and the establishment of an internationally available reference reagent of IL-29. In order to accomplish this, an international collaborative study that evaluates WHO candidate reference reagents of IL-29 was instigated by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) in 2010 and was carried out in the succeeding year. Two preparations of human sequence recombinant IL-29, one expressed in murine NS0 cells and the other in Escherichia coli, were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC before evaluation in the collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a reference reagent. The preparations were tested by 6 laboratories from 4 countries using in vitro bioassays and also evaluated for thermal stability within the NIBSC laboratory. On the basis of the results of the collaborative study, both preparations, 07/212 (NS0-derived) and 10/176 (E. coli-derived) were judged sufficiently active and stable to serve as a reference reagent. However, since IL-29 produced in E. coli is in development for clinical applications, it was recommended that the preparation coded 10/176 be established as the WHO international reference reagent for human IL-29. This recommendation was accepted, and the IL-29 preparation coded 10/176 was formally established by the WHO ECBS at its meeting in October 2012 as the WHO international reference reagent for IL-29 with an assigned unitage of 5,000 reference units per ampoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meager
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Heath
- Biostatistics Section, Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Dilger
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Zoon
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Laidlaw SM, Dustin LB. Interferon lambda: opportunities, risks, and uncertainties in the fight against HCV. Front Immunol 2014; 5:545. [PMID: 25400636 PMCID: PMC4215632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is key to the fight against the daily onslaught from viruses that our bodies are subjected to. Essential to this response are the interferons (IFNs) that prime our cells to block viral pathogens. Recent evidence suggests that the Type III (λ) IFNs are intimately associated with the immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms within the IFN-λ gene locus that correlate with response to IFNα-based antiviral therapy and with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. The mechanisms for these correlations are incompletely understood. Restricted expression of the IFN-λ receptor, and the ability of IFN-λ to induce IFN-stimulated genes in HCV-infected cells, suggest potential roles for IFN-λ in HCV therapy even in this era of directly acting antivirals. This review summarizes our current understanding of the IFN-λ family and the role of λ IFNs in the natural history of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Laidlaw
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bu XF, Zhang J, Jia LJ, Liang B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yan YL. Effect of human interferon-λ1 recombinant adenovirus on a gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation model. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1115-1122. [PMID: 25187807 PMCID: PMC4151633 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of human interferon-λ1 recombinant adenovirus (r-Ad-hIFN-λ1) on gastric carcinoma. Human SGC-7901 cells were utilized to create an orthotopic implantation model of gastric cancer in nude mice through sterile surgery. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: Phosphate-buffered saline control (blank), adenovirus encoding bacterial β-galactosidase (Ad-Lac Z) empty vector and r-Ad-hIFN-λ1. Tumor size was measured every seven days. After three weeks of treatment, the tumors in the mice were detected by abdominal B ultrasound. The cDNA of IFN-λ1 expression in skeletal muscle was detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and IFN-λ1 protein expression in the tumors was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were conducted to analyze the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells in the spleen and the rate of cell apoptosis in tumor paraffin sections. Prior to sacrifice, the size of the tumors in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups was 184.29±10.84 mm3, 234.62±10.59 mm3 and 253.18±7.69 mm3, respectively (P<0.001). The lymph node metastasis in the abdominal cavity was 0% in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 group, 50% in the Ad-Lac Z group and 80% in the blank group (P<0.005). Furthermore, IFN-λ1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 group, and the apoptosis rate in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 group was higher than that in the Ad-Lac Z and blank groups. The proportion of NK cells in the spleens of nude mice in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups was 26.53±1.54, 17.70±1.09 and 16.35±1.43%, respectively (P<0.001). The TUNEL results showed there was significantly more severe apoptosis in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 group than that in the two other groups. The apoptosis indices in the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1, Ad-Lac Z and blank groups were 0.772±0.075, 0.329±0.169 and 0.265±0.049, respectively. In conclusion, the r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 significantly inhibited human gastric cancer, possibly by promoting apoptosis of the tumors and stimulating immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China ; Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Jia
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Clinical Medicine College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
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Tian S, Hui X, Fan Z, Li Q, Zhang J, Yang X, Ma X, Huang B, Chen D, Chen H. Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and hepatitis B surface antigen secretion with interferon-λ1 or PEG-interferon-λ1. FASEB J 2014; 28:3528-39. [PMID: 24769671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Conventional interferon-α (IFN-α) and pegylated IFNs (PEG-IFNs) approved for chronic HBV infection treatment can reduce the risk of HCC but are not suitable for the majority of patients and cause significant side effects. IFN-λ1 is a type III IFN with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory functions similar to type I IFNs but with fewer side effects. However, the tolerability and antitumor activity of PEG-IFN-λ1 in HCC xenograft mice are unknown. In vitro IFN-λ1 treatment of Hep3B and Huh7 human hepatoma cell lines increased MHC class I expression, activated JAK-STAT signaling pathways, induced IFN-stimulated gene expression, and inhibited hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression. IFN-λ1 treatment also caused 23.2 and 19.9% growth inhibition of Hep3B and Huh7 cells, respectively, and promoted cellular apoptosis. PEG-IFN-λ1, but not IFN-λ1 treatment, significantly suppressed tumor growth (P=0.002) and induced tumor cell apoptosis in a Hep3B cell xenograft mouse model without significant weight loss or toxicity. PEG-IFN-λ1 also significantly inhibited (P=0.000) serum HBsAg secretion from Hep3B xenograft tumors in vivo. Thus, PEG-IFN-λ1 can suppress Hep3B xenograft tumor growth and inhibit HBsAg production and may be a potential treatment for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiwu Hui
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Qinshan Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Junwen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xia Yang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Bingren Huang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Deng Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hong Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
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Li B, Xie C, Lin X, Su SB. Interleukin-28A promotes IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Behçet's disease. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:116-9. [PMID: 24973639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Interleukin-28A (IL-28A) promotes immune responses and may participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To examine the role of IL-28A in the pathogenesis of BD, we measured the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 by IL-28A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 patients with BD and 16 healthy individuals. We found that IFN-γ and IL-17 were undetectable in the sera from BD patients and control subjects. The mRNA expression and protein production of IFN-γ by IL-28A-stimulated PBMCs from BD patients were significantly increased compared to healthy individuals. No significant difference was observed in the mRNA expression and protein production of IL-17 by IL-28A-stimulated PBMCs between BD patients and normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chufang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shao Bo Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Levin D, Schneider WM, Hoffmann HH, Yarden G, Busetto AG, Manor O, Sharma N, Rice CM, Schreiber G. Multifaceted activities of type I interferon are revealed by a receptor antagonist. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra50. [PMID: 24866020 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs), including various IFN-α isoforms and IFN-β, are a family of homologous, multifunctional cytokines. IFNs activate different cellular responses by binding to a common receptor that consists of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. In addition to stimulating antiviral responses, they also inhibit cell proliferation and modulate other immune responses. We characterized various IFNs, including a mutant IFN-α2 (IFN-1ant) that bound tightly to IFNAR2 but had markedly reduced binding to IFNAR1. Whereas IFN-1ant stimulated antiviral activity in a range of cell lines, it failed to elicit immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities. The antiviral activities of the various IFNs tested depended on a set of IFN-sensitive genes (the "robust" genes) that were controlled by canonical IFN response elements and responded at low concentrations of IFNs. Conversely, these elements were not found in the promoters of genes required for the antiproliferative responses of IFNs (the "tunable" genes). The extent of expression of tunable genes was cell type-specific and correlated with the magnitude of the antiproliferative effects of the various IFNs. Although IFN-1ant induced the expression of robust genes similarly in five different cell lines, its antiviral activity was virus- and cell type-specific. Our findings suggest that IFN-1ant may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of specific viral infections without inducing the immunomodulatory and antiproliferative functions of wild-type IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Levin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ganit Yarden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Ohad Manor
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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63
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O'Brien TR, Prokunina-Olsson L, Donnelly RP. IFN-λ4: the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:829-38. [PMID: 24786669 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are generally considered antiviral cytokines, yet the newly discovered IFN-λ4 is linked with the failure to clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection either spontaneously or in response to treatment. IFN-λ4 can be generated only by individuals who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele (rs368234815), which is the strongest known host factor for predicting clearance of HCV. The ancestral IFNL4-ΔG allele is the major variant in Africans while the minor variant in Asians, suggesting very strong negative genetic selection for this allele-most likely driven by an infectious agent other than HCV. IFN-λ4 most closely resembles IFN-λ3, but these proteins share only 29% amino-acid identity, and, in contrast to IFN-λ3, IFN-λ4 is only weakly secreted. Nevertheless, IFN-λ4 signals through the IFN-λ receptor complex and induces expression of IFN-stimulated genes via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. Although the IFNL4-ΔG variant is strongly associated with the failure to clear HCV infection, HCV-infected patients who carry this allele have lower baseline HCV RNA levels in the absence of treatment. Resolving the paradoxical functions of IFN-λ4, which appears to induce antiviral activity yet impair effective clearance of HCV, may yield critical new insights into the immunologic response to HCV infection and IFN biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Brien
- 1 Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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64
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Targeting the Interferon Response for Antiviral Therapy. Antiviral Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555815493.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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65
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Real LM, Neukam K, Herrero R, Guardiola JM, Reiberger T, Rivero-Juarez A, Salazar J, Mandorfer M, Merino D, Soriano V, Rivero A, Macías J, Pineda JA, Caruz A. IFNL4 ss469415590 variant shows similar performance to rs12979860 as predictor of response to treatment against Hepatitis C Virus genotype 1 or 4 in Caucasians. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95515. [PMID: 24748394 PMCID: PMC3991683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The rs12979860 variant, linked to IL28B gene, predicts sustained viral response (SVR) to pegylated-interferon/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) therapy in Hepatitis C Virus genotype 1 or 4 (HCV-1/4)-infected patients. Recently, a functional variant, ss469415590, in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs12979860, has been discovered. Our objective was to assess the value of ss469415590 to predict SVR to pegIFN/RBV in Caucasian HCV-1/4-infected individuals and to compare its performance with that of rs12979860. Methods 272 Caucasian HCV-1/4-infected patients who completed a course of pegIFN/RBV were genotyped for both rs12979860 and ss469415590 markers. Logistic regression models including factors with univariate association with SVR and each genetic marker were elaborated. The area under the receiver operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for each model and both were compared. Results Both markers were in LD (r2 = 0.82). For rs12979860, 66 (64.0%) CC versus 56 (33.1%) T allele carriers achieved SVR (Adjusted OR = 4.156, 95%CI = 2.388–7.232, p = 4.647×10−7). For ss469415590, 66 (66.0%) TT/TT versus 56 (32.5%) –G allele carriers (Adjusted OR = 4.783, 95%CI = 2.714–8.428, p = 6.153×10−8) achieved SVR. The AUROC of the model including rs12979860 was 0.742 (95%CI = 0.672–0.813) and of that based on ss469415590 was 0.756 (95%CI = 0.687–0.826) (p = 0.780). Conclusions The ss469415590 variant shows an equivalent performance to predict SVR to pegIFN/RBV than the rs2979860 in Caucasian HCV-1/4-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karin Neukam
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Unidad de Inmunogenética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Josep M. Guardiola
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juliana Salazar
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dolores Merino
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - Vicente Soriano
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A. Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Unidad de Inmunogenética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- * E-mail:
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66
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Durbin RK, Kotenko SV, Durbin JE. Interferon induction and function at the mucosal surface. Immunol Rev 2014; 255:25-39. [PMID: 23947345 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are produced in response to virus infection and induce an antiviral state in virtually all cell types. In addition to upregulating the transcription of genes that inhibit virus replication, type I (or -α/β) IFNs also act to orchestrate the adaptive immune response to virus infection. Recently a new family of antiviral cytokines, the type III (or -λ) IFNs, has been identified that activate the same antiviral pathways via a distinct receptor. Although the identical transcription factor, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 is activated by either IFN-α/β or IFN-λ signaling, differences in the induction and action of these two cytokine families are beginning to be appreciated. In this article, we review this emerging body of literature on the differing roles these cytokines play in host defense of the mucosal surface. Although many viruses enter the body through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, we have focused the discussion on influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rotavirus, three ubiquitous human pathogens that target the epithelial lining and are associated with a major disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Durbin
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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67
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Olagnier D, Hiscott J. Type I and type III interferon-induced immune response: it's a matter of kinetics and magnitude. Hepatology 2014; 59:1225-8. [PMID: 24677190 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Viral Pathogenesis Program, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
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68
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Bolen CR, Ding S, Robek MD, Kleinstein SH. Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferon-stimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression. Hepatology 2014; 59:1262-72. [PMID: 23929627 PMCID: PMC3938553 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite activating similar signaling cascades, the type I and type III interferons (IFNs) differ in their ability to antagonize virus replication. However, it is not clear whether these cytokines induce unique antiviral states, particularly in the liver, where the clinically important hepatitis B and C viruses cause persistent infection. Here, clustering and promoter analyses of microarray-based gene expression profiling were combined with mechanistic studies of signaling pathways to dynamically characterize the transcriptional responses induced by these cytokines in Huh7 hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Type I and III IFNs differed greatly in their level of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction with a clearly detectable hierarchy (IFN-β > IFN-α > IFN-λ3 > IFN-λ1 > IFN-λ2). Notably, although the hierarchy identified varying numbers of differentially expressed genes when quantified using common statistical thresholds, further analysis of gene expression over multiple timepoints indicated that the individual IFNs do not in fact regulate unique sets of genes. The kinetic profiles of IFN-induced gene expression were also qualitatively similar with the important exception of IFN-α. While stimulation with either IFN-β or IFN-λs resulted in a similar long-lasting ISG induction, IFN-α signaling peaked early after stimulation then declined due to a negative feedback mechanism. The quantitative expression hierarchy and unique kinetics of IFN-α reveal potential specific roles for individual IFNs in the immune response, and elucidate the mechanism behind previously observed differences in IFN antiviral activity. While current clinical trials are focused on IFN-λ1 as a potential antiviral therapy, the finding that IFN-λ3 invariably possesses the highest activity among type III IFNs suggests that this cytokine may have superior clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Bolen
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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69
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Borrelia burgdorferi RNA induces type I and III interferons via Toll-like receptor 7 and contributes to production of NF-κB-dependent cytokines. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2405-16. [PMID: 24664510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01617-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi elicits a potent cytokine response through activation of multiple signaling receptors on innate immune cells. Spirochetal lipoproteins initiate expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokines primarily via TLR2, whereas type I interferon (IFN) production is induced through the endosomal receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in human dendritic cells and TLR8 in monocytes. We demonstrate that DNA and RNA are the B. burgdorferi components that initiate a type I IFN response by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IFN-α protein and transcripts for IRF7, MX1, and OAS1 were induced by endosomal delivery of B. burgdorferi DNA, RNA, or whole-cell lysate, but not by lysate that had been treated with DNase and RNase. Induction of IFN-α and IFN-λ1, a type III IFN, by B. burgdorferi RNA or live spirochetes required TLR7-dependent signaling and correlated with significantly enhanced transcription and expression of IRF7 but not IRF3. Induction of type I and type III IFNs by B. burgdorferi RNA could be completely abrogated by a TLR7 inhibitor, IRS661. In addition to type I and type III IFNs, B. burgdorferi RNA contributed to the production of the NF-κB-dependent cytokines, IFN-γ, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), by human PBMCs. Collectively, these data indicate that TLR7-dependent recognition of RNA is pivotal for IFN-α and IFN-λ1 production by human PBMCs, and that RNA-initiated signaling contributes to full potentiation of the cytokine response generated during B. burgdorferi infection.
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70
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Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Saitis A, Samara M, Dalekos GN. Individualization of chronic hepatitis C treatment according to the host characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2839-53. [PMID: 24659876 PMCID: PMC3961989 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem that affects more than 170 million people worldwide. It is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, making the virus the most common cause of liver failure and transplantation. The standard-of-care treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been changed during the last decade and direct acting antiviral drugs have already been used. Besides, understanding of the pathogenesis of CHC has evolved rapidly during the last years and now several host factors are known to affect the natural history and response to treatment. Recent genome-wide association studies have shown the important role of interleukin-28B and inosine triphosphatase in HCV infection. The present review article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the role of host factors towards individualization of HCV treatment.
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71
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Hamming OJ, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Vieyres G, Dijkman R, Jørgensen SE, Akhtar H, Siupka P, Pietschmann T, Thiel V, Hartmann R. Interferon lambda 4 signals via the IFNλ receptor to regulate antiviral activity against HCV and coronaviruses. EMBO J 2013; 32:3055-65. [PMID: 24169568 PMCID: PMC3844954 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IFNL4 gene is a recently discovered type III interferon, which in a significant fraction of the human population harbours a frameshift mutation abolishing the IFNλ4 ORF. The expression of IFNλ4 is correlated with both poor spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and poor response to treatment with type I interferon. Here, we show that the IFNL4 gene encodes an active type III interferon, named IFNλ4, which signals through the IFNλR1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. Recombinant IFNλ4 is antiviral against both HCV and coronaviruses at levels comparable to IFNλ3. However, the secretion of IFNλ4 is impaired compared to that of IFNλ3, and this impairment is not due to a weak signal peptide, which was previously believed. We found that IFNλ4 gets N-linked glycosylated and that this glycosylation is required for secretion. Nevertheless, this glycosylation is not required for activity. Together, these findings result in the paradox that IFNλ4 is strongly antiviral but a disadvantage during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole J Hamming
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sanne E Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Piotr Siupka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cohen TS, Prince AS. Bacterial pathogens activate a common inflammatory pathway through IFNλ regulation of PDCD4. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003682. [PMID: 24098127 PMCID: PMC3789769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III interferon (IFNλ) receptor IL-28R is abundantly expressed in the respiratory tract and has been shown essential for host defense against some viral pathogens, however no data are available concerning its role in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced significant production of IFNλ in the lung, and clearance of these bacteria from the lung was significantly increased in IL-28R null mice compared to controls. Improved bacterial clearance correlated with reduced lung pathology and a reduced ratio of pro- vs anti-inflammatory cytokines in the airway. In human epithelial cells IFNλ inhibited miR-21 via STAT3 resulting in upregulation of PDCD4, a protein known to promote inflammatory signaling. In vivo 18 hours following infection with either pathogen, miR-21 was significantly reduced and PDCD4 increased in the lungs of wild type compared to IL-28R null mice. Infection of PDCD4 null mice with USA300 resulted in improved clearance, reduced pathology, and reduced inflammatory cytokine production. These data suggest that during bacterial pneumonia IFNλ promotes inflammation by inhibiting miR-21 regulation of PDCD4. The role of interferons (types I, II, and III) in viral and bacterial infections has been a topic of intense research over the last decade. The contribution of the type I interferons during bacterial pneumonias particularly has been shown to be highly variable depending on the specific pathogen. Our data for the first time demonstrate that type III interferon plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia, and its contribution is similar in both Gram positive and Gram negative infections. We show in epithelial cells that miR-21 and PDCD4 are downstream effectors of type III interferon that prolong production of inflammatory cytokines. Utilizing mice that lack the receptor for type III interferon or PDCD4, we show that inhibiting this pathway improves bacterial clearance from the airways and lung tissue. These data suggest novel targets for therapy in a variety of bacterial pneumonias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S. Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alice S. Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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73
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Prakash S, Agrawal S, Cao JN, Gupta S, Agrawal A. Impaired secretion of interferons by dendritic cells from aged subjects to influenza : role of histone modifications. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1785-97. [PMID: 23007963 PMCID: PMC3776111 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections such as influenza is the hallmark of advancing age. The mechanisms underlying the impaired immune response to influenza are not well understood. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of advancing age on dendritic cell (DC) function because they are critical in generating robust antiviral responses. Our results indicate that monocyte derived DCs from the aged are impaired in their capacity to secrete interferon (IFN)-I in response to influenza virus. Additionally, we observed a severe reduction in the production of IFN-III, which plays an important role in defense against viral infections at respiratory mucosal surfaces. This reduction in IFN-I and IFN-III were a result of age-associated modifications in the chromatin structure. Investigations using chromatin immunoprecipitation with H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 antibodies revealed that there is increased association of IFN-I and IFN-III promoters with the repressor histone, H3K9me3 in non-stimulated aged DCs compared to young DCs. This was accompanied by decreased association of these promoters with activator histone, H3K4me3 in aged DCs after activation with influenza. In contrast to interferons, the association of TNF-alpha promoter with both these histones was comparable between aged and young subjects. Investigations at 48 h suggested that these changes are not stable and change with time. In summary, our study demonstrates that myeloid DCs from aged subjects are impaired in their capacity to produce IFNs in response to influenza virus and that age-associated altered histone expression patterns are responsible for the decrease in IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Prakash
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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74
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Ichihashi T, Asano A, Usui T, Takeuchi T, Watanabe Y, Yamano Y. Antiviral and antiproliferative effects of canine interferon-λ1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:141-6. [PMID: 24126210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λs, members of the type III IFN group, were recently identified in several vertebrates. Although IFN-λs have the potential to be utilized as antiviral and antitumor agents in veterinary medicine, the biological properties of IFN-λs have not yet been studied in companion animals. In this study, we analyzed the expression of canine IFN-λs and their receptors, produced a recombinant canine IFN-λ1 protein, and investigated its antiviral and antiproliferative activities using a canine kidney epithelial cell line, MDCK cells. MDCK cells were found to express type III IFN molecules, IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3, and the receptors, IFNλR1 and IL10R2. IFN-λ1 was induced faster than IFN-λ3 by stimulation with poly (I:C). His-tagged IFN-λ1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli inhibited cytolytic plaque formation by influenza A virus infection, and induced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, Mx1 and OAS1, in MDCK cells. In addition, recombinant IFN-λ1 inhibited the proliferation of MDCK cells slightly. These effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that canine IFN-λ1 has antiviral effect, and suggest the potential applicability of canine IFN-λ1 as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Development and characterization of a non-cell-based assay to assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies to interferon-beta in clinical samples. J Immunol Methods 2013; 395:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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76
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microRNA control of interferons and interferon induced anti-viral activity. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:781-93. [PMID: 23962477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that are spontaneously produced in response to virus infection. They act by binding to IFN-receptors (IFN-R), which trigger JAK/STAT cell signalling and the subsequent induction of hundreds of IFN-inducible genes, including both protein-coding and microRNA genes. IFN-induced genes then act synergistically to prevent virus replication and create an anti-viral state. miRNA are therefore integral to the innate response to virus infection and are important components of IFN-mediated biology. On the other hand viruses also encode miRNAs that in some cases interfere directly with the IFN response to infection. This review summarizes the important roles of miRNAs in virus infection acting both as IFN-stimulated anti-viral molecules and as critical regulators of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. It also highlights how recent knowledge in RNA editing influence miRNA control of virus infection.
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Voigt E, Inankur B, Baltes A, Yin J. A quantitative infection assay for human type I, II, and III interferon antiviral activities. Virol J 2013; 10:224. [PMID: 23829314 PMCID: PMC3716869 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upon virus infection, cells secrete a diverse group of antiviral molecules that signal proximal cells to enter into an antiviral state, slowing or preventing viral spread. These paracrine signaling molecules can work synergistically, so measurement of any one antiviral molecule does not reflect the total antiviral activity of the system. Results We have developed an antiviral assay based on replication inhibition of an engineered fluorescent vesicular stomatitis virus reporter strain on A549 human lung epithelial cells. Our assay provides a quantitative functional readout of human type I, II, and III interferon activities, and it provides better sensitivity, intra-, and inter-assay reproducibility than the traditional crystal violet based assay. Further, it eliminates cell fixation, rinsing, and staining steps, and is inexpensive to implement. Conclusions A dsRed2-strain of vesicular stomatitis virus that is sensitive to type I, II, and III interferons was used to develop a convenient and sensitive assay for interferon antiviral activity. We demonstrate use of the assay to quantify the kinetics of paracrine antiviral signaling from human prostate cancer (PC3) cells in response to viral infection. The assay is applicable to high-throughput screening for anti-viral compounds as well as basic studies of cellular antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Voigt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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78
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Edwards MR, Regamey N, Vareille M, Kieninger E, Gupta A, Shoemark A, Saglani S, Sykes A, Macintyre J, Davies J, Bossley C, Bush A, Johnston SL. Impaired innate interferon induction in severe therapy resistant atopic asthmatic children. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:797-806. [PMID: 23212197 PMCID: PMC3684776 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Deficient type I interferon-β and type III interferon-λ induction by rhinoviruses has previously been reported in mild/moderate atopic asthmatic adults. No studies have yet investigated if this occurs in severe therapy resistant asthma (STRA). Here, we show that compared with non-allergic healthy control children, bronchial epithelial cells cultured ex vivo from severe therapy resistant atopic asthmatic children have profoundly impaired interferon-β and interferon-λ mRNA and protein in response to rhinovirus (RV) and polyIC stimulation. Severe treatment resistant asthmatics also exhibited increased virus load, which negatively correlated with interferon mRNA levels. Furthermore, uninfected cells from severe therapy resistant asthmatic children showed lower levels of Toll-like receptor-3 mRNA and reduced retinoic acid inducible gene and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 mRNA after RV stimulation. These data expand on the original work, suggesting that the innate anti-viral response to RVs is impaired in asthmatic tissues and demonstrate that this is a feature of STRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Edwards
- Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Campus, National Heart Lung Institute, London, UK.
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79
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Bibert S, Roger T, Calandra T, Bochud M, Cerny A, Semmo N, Duong FH, Gerlach T, Malinverni R, Moradpour D, Negro F, Müllhaupt B, Bochud PY. IL28B expression depends on a novel TT/-G polymorphism which improves HCV clearance prediction. J Exp Med 2013; 210:1109-16. [PMID: 23712427 PMCID: PMC3674704 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3% of the world population is chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with potential development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the availability of new antiviral agents, treatment remains suboptimal. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified rs12979860, a polymorphism nearby IL28B, as an important predictor of HCV clearance. We report the identification of a novel TT/-G polymorphism in the CpG region upstream of IL28B, which is a better predictor of HCV clearance than rs12979860. By using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals carrying different allelic combinations of the TT/-G and rs12979860 polymorphisms, we show that induction of IL28B and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) mRNA relies on TT/-G, but not rs12979860, making TT/-G the only functional variant identified so far. This novel step in understanding the genetic regulation of IL28B may have important implications for clinical practice, as the use of TT/G genotyping instead of rs12979860 would improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bibert
- Infectious Diseases Service and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nasser Semmo
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tilman Gerlach
- Division of Gastroenterology, Canton Hospital, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Darius Moradpour
- Infectious Diseases Service and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Bochud
- Infectious Diseases Service and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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80
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Interferon-λ1 linked to a stabilized dimer of Fab potently enhances both antitumor and antiviral activities in targeted cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63940. [PMID: 23696859 PMCID: PMC3655979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III interferons (IFNs), comprising IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3, behave similarly to IFN-α in eliciting antiviral, antitumor, and immune-modulating activities. Due to their more restricted cellular targets, IFN-λs are attractive as potential alternatives to existing therapeutic regimens based on IFN-αs. We have applied the DOCK-AND-LOCK™ method to improve the anti-proliferative potency of IFN-λ1 up to 1,000-fold in targeted cancer cell lines by tethering stabilized Fab dimers, derived from hRS7 (humanized anti-Trop-2), hMN-15 (humanized anti-CEACAM6), hL243 (humanized anti-HLA-DR), and c225 (chimeric anti-EGFR), to IFN-λ1 site-specifically, resulting in novel immunocytokines designated (E1)-λ1, (15)-λ1, (C2)-λ1, and (c225)-λ1, respectively. Targeted delivery of IFN-λ1 via (15)-λ1 or (c225)-λ1 to respective antigen-expressing cells also significantly increased antiviral activity when compared with non-targeting (C2)-λ1, as demonstrated in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 by (15)-λ1 against encephalomyocarditis virus (EC50 = 22.2 pM versus 223 pM), and in human hepatocarcinoma cell line Huh-7 by (c225)-λ1 against hepatitis C virus (EC50 = 0.56 pM versus 91.2 pM). These promising results, which are attributed to better localization and stronger binding of IFN-λ1 to antibody-targeted cells, together with the favorable pharmacokinetic profile of (E1)-λ1 in mice (T1/2 = 8.6 h), support further investigation of selective prototypes as potential antiviral and antitumor therapeutic agents.
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81
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu T, Yuan L, Ge Y, Ding H, Bu X. Inhibition of Lung Adenocarcinoma Transfected with Interleukin 28A Recombinant Adenovirus (Ad-mIFN-λ2) In Vivo. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:124-30. [PMID: 23134221 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang, China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of YiXing, YiXing, China
| | - Lixue Yuan
- Department of Intensive-Care Unit, The Central Hospital of HuangShi City, HuangShi, China
| | - Yuxi Ge
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The fourth Hospital of WuXi, WuXi, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Bu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, ZhenJiang, China
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Learning from the messengers: innate sensing of viruses and cytokine regulation of immunity - clues for treatments and vaccines. Viruses 2013; 5:470-527. [PMID: 23435233 PMCID: PMC3640511 DOI: 10.3390/v5020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections are a major global public health concern, and only via substantial knowledge of virus pathogenesis and antiviral immune responses can we develop and improve medical treatments, and preventive and therapeutic vaccines. Innate immunity and the shaping of efficient early immune responses are essential for control of viral infections. In order to trigger an efficient antiviral defense, the host senses the invading microbe via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), recognizing distinct conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate sensing of the invading virus results in intracellular signal transduction and subsequent production of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines, including IFNs and chemokines, are vital molecules of antiviral defense regulating cell activation, differentiation of cells, and, not least, exerting direct antiviral effects. Cytokines shape and modulate the immune response and IFNs are principle antiviral mediators initiating antiviral response through induction of antiviral proteins. In the present review, I describe and discuss the current knowledge on early virus–host interactions, focusing on early recognition of virus infection and the resulting expression of type I and type III IFNs, proinflammatory cytokines, and intracellular antiviral mediators. In addition, the review elucidates how targeted stimulation of innate sensors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular RNA and DNA sensors, may be used therapeutically. Moreover, I present and discuss data showing how current antimicrobial therapies, including antibiotics and antiviral medication, may interfere with, or improve, immune response.
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83
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Peterhans E, Schweizer M. BVDV: A pestivirus inducing tolerance of the innate immune response. Biologicals 2013; 41:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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84
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Scagnolari C, Caputo B, Trombetti S, Cacciotti G, Soldà A, Spano L, Villari P, Della Torre A, Nowotny N, Antonelli G. Usutu virus growth in human cell lines: induction of and sensitivity to type I and III interferons. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:789-795. [PMID: 23255619 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of Usutu virus (USUV) pathogenesis are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of USUV to interferon (IFN) and the capacity of USUV to stimulate IFN production. Initial experiments were conducted to characterize the susceptibility of human cell lines to USUV infection and to evaluate the single-growth cycle replication curve of USUV. Results indicate that USUV is able to infect a variety of human cell lines, completing the replication cycle in Hep-2 and Vero cells within 48 h. Pre-treatment of cells with types I and III IFNs significantly inhibited the replication of USUV. However, the inhibitory effects of IFNs were considerably less if IFN was added after viral infection had been initiated. Also, USUV weakly induced types I and III IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Trombetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cacciotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Soldà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Spano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman.,Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
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85
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Epperson ML, Lee CA, Fremont DH. Subversion of cytokine networks by virally encoded decoy receptors. Immunol Rev 2012; 250:199-215. [PMID: 23046131 PMCID: PMC3693748 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the course of evolution, viruses have captured or created a diverse array of open reading frames, which encode for proteins that serve to evade and sabotage the host innate and adaptive immune responses that would otherwise lead to their elimination. These viral genomes are some of the best textbooks of immunology ever written. The established arsenal of immunomodulatory proteins encoded by viruses is large and growing, and includes specificities for virtually all known inflammatory pathways and targets. The focus of this review is on herpes and poxvirus-encoded cytokine and chemokine-binding proteins that serve to undermine the coordination of host immune surveillance. Structural and mechanistic studies of these decoy receptors have provided a wealth of information, not only about viral pathogenesis but also about the inner workings of cytokine signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Epperson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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86
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Li W, Huang X, Tong H, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Dai L, Li T, Lin S, Wu H. Comparison of the regulation of β-catenin signaling by type I, type II and type III interferons in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47040. [PMID: 23056571 PMCID: PMC3464253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective IFNs are a group of cytokines that possess potent antiviral and antitumor activities, while β-catenin pathway is a proliferative pathway involved in carcinogenesis. Interaction between these two pathways has not been well elaborated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7, were used in this study. β-catenin protein levels and corresponding signaling activities were observed by flow cytometry and luciferase assay, respectively. Cell proliferation was quantified by counting viable cells under microscope, and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. DKK1 and GSK3β levels were determined by flow cytometry. Secreted DKK1 was tested by ELISA. FLUD, S3I and aDKK1 were used to inhibit STAT1, STAT3 and DKK1 activities, respectively. Results Our findings show that all three types of IFNs, IFNα, IFNγ and IFNλ, are capable of inhibiting β-catenin signaling activity in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, where IFNγ was the strongest (p<0.05). They expressed suppression of cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. IFNγ expressed greater induction ability when compared to IFNα and IFNλ (p<0.05). All tested IFNs could induce DKK1 activation but not GSK3β in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. IFNs induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation but by using specific inhibitors, we found that only STAT3 is vital for IFN-induced DKK1 activation and apoptosis. In addition, DKK1 inhibitor blocked IFN-induced apoptosis. The pattern of STAT3 activation by different IFNs is found consistent with the levels of apoptosis with the corresponding IFNs (p<0.05). Conclusions In hepatocellular carcinoma, all three types of IFNs are found to induce apoptosis by inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway via a STAT3- and DKK1-dependent pathway. This finding points to a cross-talk between different IFN types and β-catenin signaling pathways which might be carrying a biological effect not only on HCC, but also on processes where the two pathways bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (SL)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (SL)
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87
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Galimova E, Akhmetova V, Latipov B, Kingo K, Rätsep R, Traks T, Kõks S, Khusnutdinova E. Analysis of genetic variants of class II cytokine and their receptor genes in psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:9-18. [PMID: 22840887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular basis of pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear, but one unifying hypothesis of disease aetiology is the cytokine network model. The class II cytokines (CF2) and their receptors (CRF2) are all involved in the inflammatory processes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in respective genes have been associated with psoriasis in a previous study of the Estonian population. OBJECTIVE We performed a replication study of 47 SNPs in CF2 and CRF2 genes in independent cohorts of psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups (Russians and Bashkirs) from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. METHODS DNA was obtained from 395 psoriasis patients of two ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia and 476 ethnically matched controls. 47 SNPs in the loci of the genes encoding Class II cytokines and their receptors were selected by SNPbrowser version 3.5. Genotyping was performed using the SNPlex™ (Applied Biosystems) platform. RESULTS The genetic variant rs30461 previously associated in original case-control study in Estonians, was also associated in Russians (corrected P-value (Pc=0.008, OR=0.44), but did not reach statistical significance in the Bashkir population. Additionally, the haplotype analysis provided that CC haplotype formed by the SNPs rs30461 and rs955155 had a protective effect in Russians (Pc=0.0024, OR=0.44), supporting the involvement of this locus in the protection against psoriasis. Combined meta-analysis of three populations, including 943 psoriasis patients and 812 healthy controls, showed that the IL29 rs30461 C-allele was not associated with decreased risk of psoriasis (P=0.165, OR=0.68). Moreover, stratification of studies by ethnicity revealed a significant association in the European cohort (P=9.506E-006, OR=0.53). CONCLUSION Therefore, there is no overall evidence of association between psoriasis and SNP rs30461 of the IL29 gene, but there is some evidence to suggest that an association exists in Europeans. However, this current concept should be considered as preliminary and the results need to be confirmed in future independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Galimova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.
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Yin Z, Dai J, Deng J, Sheikh F, Natalia M, Shih T, Lewis-Antes A, Amrute SB, Garrigues U, Doyle S, Donnelly RP, Kotenko SV, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Type III IFNs are produced by and stimulate human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:2735-45. [PMID: 22891284 PMCID: PMC3579503 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are rare cells found in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. pDC are considered to be "professional" type I IFN-producing cells and produce 10- to 100-fold more IFN-α than other cell types in response to enveloped viruses or synthetic TLR7 and TLR9 agonists. In this study, purified pDC were found to express high levels of IFN-λ receptor mRNA, as well as cell-surface IFN-λ receptor. We have developed intracellular flow cytometry assays using Abs to IFN-λ1/3 or -λ2 to assess the expression of IFN-λ proteins by pDC. We observed that a subset of human pDC expresses only intracellular IFN-α, whereas another subset produces both IFN-α and IFN-λ after stimulation with virus or the TLR9 agonist, CpG A; the cells that coexpressed IFN-α and IFN-λ were the cells with the highest levels of IFN-α expression. Ab cross-linking of CD4 or CD303 molecules on pDC inhibited both HSV-induced IFN-λ and IFN-α production. Like the production of IFN-α, the HSV-induced IFN-λ production in pDC was mediated through TLR9 and independent of virus replication. Exogenous IFN-λ treatment of pDC resulted in increased virus-induced expression of both IFN-α and IFN-λ. In addition, both exogenous IFN-λ and -α inhibited dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of pDC. We conclude that pDC are major producers of IFN-λ1 and -λ2 in response to viral stimulation and also express functional receptors for this cytokine. Thus, IFN-λ can serve as an autocrine signal to strengthen the antiviral response of pDC by increasing IFN-α and IFN-λ production, resulting in prolonged pDC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Chayama K, Hayes CN, Imamura M. Impact of interleukin-28B genotype on in vitro and in vivo systems of hepatitis C virus replication. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:841-53. [PMID: 22524382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the relationship between the interleukin (IL)-28B genotype and the effect of peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment has had a great impact on the study of antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Differential expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) in the liver and white blood cells based on the IL-28B genotype, which may in turn lead to differences in outcome of therapy, indicate that previous studies should be re-evaluated taking the effect of the IL-28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) into consideration, although the exact mechanism of how variation in IL-28B SNPs affect HCV eradication remains unknown. These results suggest that the genotypes of multiple cell types, including liver and immune cells, contribute to the efficacy of therapy. Studies using human hepatocyte chimeric mice, in which effector cells of the human adaptive immune response are absent, showed that viral load, ISG expression levels and reduction of HCV RNA by interferon are affected by the IL-28B genotype. Genetic differences among hepatocytes may, therefore, contribute to differences in baseline viral loads and response to interferon therapy. Further studies should be done to clarify the mechanism of action of IL-28B SNP on viral load and effect of interferon treatment. Advances in cell culture systems and human hepatocyte chimeric mice, as well as upcoming in vitro and in vivo experimental systems, provide an effective platform to examine the effects of host and viral genetic variation on infection and response to interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
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90
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Li W, Huang X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tong H, Wu H, Lin S. Type III interferon induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1117-25. [PMID: 22766785 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic effects of interferon lambdas (IFNλs) have been described in several types of cancers. However, their effects on human lung cancer cells and the mechanisms are elusive. In addition, the interaction between IFNλs and other interferons remains unclear. The interplay between IFNα and IFNλ has been reported. However, although IFNγ is a well-known regulatory interferon, the mechanisms through which it regulates IFNλs in lung cancer cells are unknown. These issues are critical for the application of IFNλs in lung cancer therapy. In this study, we used A549, a cell line derived from a human lung carcinoma, to characterize the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of IFNλs on lung cancer, and the interplay between IFNγ and IFNλ. Because overexpression of full-length ectopic IFNλR1 led to cell death, we generated A549 cells stably expressing a chimeric receptor (10R1/λR1), which is composed of the extracellular domain of IL-10 receptor (IL10R1) fused in tandem to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the IFNλ receptor (IFNλR1). By comparing with A549 cells stably expressing its cognate vector, we demonstrated that IL-10 stimulation triggered the intracellular IFNλ signaling via 10R1/λR1 receptor. By using A549 cells expressing 10R1/λR1, we report that the IFNλR1 chain of IFNλ receptor possesses an intrinsic ability to trigger apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Although it did not suppress cell proliferation, IFNλ signaling via 10R1/λR1 receptor induced cell cycle arrest, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK did not prevent apoptosis. In addition, the extent of induced apoptosis correlate with the expression levels of the IFNλ receptor and the levels of STAT1 activation. Lastly, we demonstrated that IFNγ sensitized A549 cells to IFNλ-induced apoptosis, via upregulation of IFNλR1. These data indicate the potential of IFNλ, alone or in combination with IFNγ, in the treatment of human lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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91
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Masuda Y, Matsuda A, Usui T, Sugai T, Asano A, Yamano Y. Biological effects of chicken type III interferon on expression of interferon-stimulated genes in chickens: comparison with type I and type II interferons. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1381-6. [PMID: 22673111 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key mediators that activate host defense mechanisms against viruses. The recently identified mammalian Type III IFN has biological effects similar to type I IFN. However, the biological effects of type III IFN have not yet been characterized in birds. We compared the effects of chicken type III IFN (IFN-λ) with type I (IFN-β) and type II (IFN-γ) IFNs on IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) using recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant chicken IFN-λ inhibited influenza virus replication and induced the mRNA expression of the ISGs, Mx and OAS, in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effective dose of IFN-λ was higher than that of IFN-β and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the effect of IFN-λ on induction of Mx and OAS was lesser than that of IFN-β, but comparable to that of IFN-γ. These results indicate that chicken IFN-λ has the potential to induce ISGs and inhibit viral replication in chicken cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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92
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Fabris C, Falleti E, Cussigh A, Bitetto D, Fontanini E, Colletta C, Vandelli C, Cmet S, Ceriani E, Smirne C, Toniutto P, Pirisi M. The interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and serum cholesterol as predictors of fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal transaminases. J Med Virol 2012; 84:747-55. [PMID: 22431022 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin 28B (IL-28B) rs12979860 C/T polymorphism is a predictor of spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. The C/C genotype is associated with higher serum cholesterol, predictor of a favorable outcome in chronic hepatitis C. Whether IL-28B polymorphism and serum cholesterol play a role in modulating the history of mild hepatitis C is unknown. To clarify this issue, 93 untreated patients infected with HCV with normal or near-normal transaminases and an initial Ishak staging score ≤1 were investigated retrospectively in the longitudinal study (median histological follow-up of 10 years). An additional confirmatory cohort of 143 patients with chronic HCV infection and abnormal levels of transaminases was evaluated in the cross-sectional study. In the longitudinal study, at the end of follow-up, Ishak staging scores progressed more frequently among carriers of a T/* allele who had a baseline serum cholesterol ≤175 mg/dl than in remaining patients: 6/36 (change ≤0), 15/45 (change 1-2), 6/12 (change ≥3), improvement chi-square P < 0.02, OR 3.1, 95% C.I. 1.3-7.7. In the cross-sectional study, the frequency of patients carrying the T/T genotype or serum cholesterol values ≤175 mg/dl increased starting from those with a staging score ≤2 (36/76, 47.4%), to those with a staging score of 3-4 (26/41, 63.4%) and to those with a staging score of 5-6 (20/26, 76.9%, P < 0.01 for linear trend). In conclusion, the interaction between IL-28B rs12979860 T/T genotype and low serum cholesterol concentration is an independent predictor of a worse disease course among patients infected with HCV with normal or near-normal transaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fabris
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, Medical Liver Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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93
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Wang J, Nikrad MP, Travanty EA, Zhou B, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Nahreini P, Hartshorn K, Wentworth D, Dinarello CA, Mason RJ. Innate immune response of human alveolar macrophages during influenza A infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29879. [PMID: 22396727 PMCID: PMC3292548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are one of the key cell types for initiating inflammatory and immune responses to influenza virus in the lung. However, the genome-wide changes in response to influenza infection in AM have not been defined. We performed gene profiling of human AM in response to H1N1 influenza A virus PR/8 using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 chips and verified the changes at both mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. We confirmed the response with a contemporary H3N2 influenza virus A/New York/238/2005 (NY/238). To understand the local cellular response, we also evaluated the impact of paracrine factors on virus-induced chemokine and cytokine secretion. In addition, we investigated the changes in the expression of macrophage receptors and uptake of pathogens after PR/8 infection. Although macrophages fail to release a large amount of infectious virus, we observed a robust induction of type I and type III interferons and several cytokines and chemokines following influenza infection. CXCL9, 10, and 11 were the most highly induced chemokines by influenza infection. UV-inactivation abolished virus-induced cytokine and chemokine response, with the exception of CXCL10. The contemporary influenza virus NY/238 infection of AM induced a similar response as PR/8. Inhibition of TNF and/or IL-1β activity significantly decreased the secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8 by over 50%. PR/8 infection also significantly decreased mRNA levels of macrophage receptors including C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), and CD36, and reduced uptake of zymosan. In conclusion, influenza infection induced an extensive proinflammatory response in human AM. Targeting local components of innate immune response might provide a strategy for controlling influenza A infection-induced proinflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
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94
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Lin SC, Kuo CC, Tsao JT, Lin LJ. Profiling the expression of interleukin (IL)-28 and IL-28 receptor α in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:61-9. [PMID: 21707611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-28 is an interferon-λ-family member involved in immunity against viral infection and tumour. We here determined the expression profiles of IL-28 and IL-28 receptor α (IL-28RA) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to evaluate the possibility that IL-28 is linked to the pathogenesis of SLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The serum IL-28 protein levels were determined by ELISA, and the IL-28 and IL-28RA transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and peripheral blood T cells were determined by RT-PCR. The levels in patients with SLE with the active disease activity were statistically compared with those in normal controls. RESULTS IL-28 protein in sera and IL-28 transcripts in PBMCs and unactivated T cells were detectable only in some individuals, and IL-28 transcripts in T cells were induced by cell activation with anti-CD2, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. However, compared with normal controls, patients with SLE more frequently had detectable IL-28 protein in serum and had the higher IL-28 transcript levels in activated CD4(+) T cells, but not activated CD8(+) T cells. Two IL-28RA transcripts isoforms were detected in PBMCs and T cells, and their levels in patients with SLE were comparable with those in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The expression of IL-28, a T-cell autocrine factor, is dysregulated in patients with SLE, supporting the possibility that IL-28 may contribute to some of the SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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95
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Interferon lambda: a new sword in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:349575. [PMID: 22190970 PMCID: PMC3235441 DOI: 10.1155/2011/349575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) family has considerably contributed to our understanding of the role of interferon not only in viral infections but also in cancer. IFN-λ proteins belong to the new type III IFN group. Type III IFN is structurally similar to type II IFN (IFN-γ) but functionally identical to type I IFN (IFN-α/β). However, in contrast to type I or type II IFNs, the response to type III IFN is highly cell-type specific. Only epithelial-like cells and to a lesser extent some immune cells respond to IFN-λ. This particular pattern of response is controlled by the differential expression of the IFN-λ receptor, which, in contrast to IFN-α, should result in limited side effects in patients. Recently, we and other groups have shown in several animal models a potent antitumor role of IFN-λ that will open a new challenging era for the current IFN therapy.
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96
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Siegel R, Eskdale J, Gallagher G. Regulation of IFN-λ1 promoter activity (IFN-λ1/IL-29) in human airway epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:5636-44. [PMID: 22058416 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type III (λ) IFNs (IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3) and their receptor are the most recently discovered IFN family. They are induced by viruses and mediate antiviral activity, but type III IFNs have an important, specific functional niche at the immune/epithelial interface, as well as in the regulation of Th2 cytokines. Their expression appears diminished in bronchial epithelial cells of rhinovirus-infected asthmatic individuals. We investigated the regulation of IFN-λ1 expression in human airway epithelial cells using reporter genes analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, small interfering RNA knockdown, and DNase footprinting. In this article, we define the c-REL/p65 NF-κB heterodimer and IRF-1 as key transcriptional activators and ZEB1, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1, and the p50 NF-κB homodimer as key repressors of the IFN-λ1 gene. We further show that ZEB1 selectively regulates type III IFNs. To our knowledge, this study presents the first characterization of any type III IFN promoter in its native context and conformation in epithelial cells and can now be applied to understanding pathogenic dysregulation of IFN-λ1 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Siegel
- Genetic Immunology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, Institute for Genetic Immunology, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ 08690, USA
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97
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Li J, Ye L, Wang X, Hu S, Ho W. Induction of interferon-γ contributes to Toll-like receptor 3-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 inhibition in astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:399-406. [PMID: 22057682 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA and induces type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immunity against a number of viral infections. Type III IFN (IFN-λ) is a newly identified antiviral cytokine that has biological functions similar to those of type I IFNs. We thus investigated the role of IFN-λ in TLR3 activation-mediated inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in human primary astrocytes. Human astrocytes express endogenous IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ receptor complex, interleukin-28 receptor α subunit (IL-28Rα), and IL-10Rβ. The activation of TLR3 by poly-I:C treatment significantly induced the expression of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3 in astrocytes. The induction of IFN-λ contributed to TLR3 activation-mediated HSV-1 inhibition in astrocytes. Investigation of the mechanisms showed that treatment of astrocytes with specific antibody against IFN-λ receptor attenuated the anti-HSV-1 activity of poly-I:C, indicating that endogenous IFN-λ contributes to the anti-HSV-1 effect of TLR3 activation. The anti-HSV-1 effect of endogenous IFN-λ was also confirmed by the finding that recombinant IFN-λ treatment inhibited HSV-1 infection of astrocytes. These results provide direct and compelling evidence that endogenous IFN-λ participates in TLR3-mediated antiviral activity, which may have important implications in host cell innate immunity against HSV-1 infection in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieliang Li
- Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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98
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Fujie H, Tanaka T, Tagawa M, Kaijun N, Watanabe M, Suzuki T, Nakayama K, Numasaki M. Antitumor activity of type III interferon alone or in combination with type I interferon against human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1977-90. [PMID: 21883692 PMCID: PMC11158295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activities of type III interferon (IFN) (interleukin [IL]-28 and IL-29) and the combination of type III IFN and type I IFN (IFN-α) were evaluated using human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of type III and type I receptor complexes was detected in NSCLC lines. IL-29 significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of a wide range of NSCLC lines in a dose-dependent fashion. To a lesser degree, IL-28A also displayed growth inhibitory activity. Antitumor activity of type III IFN is associated with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis. IL-29 upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 in cells sensitive, but not insensitive, to antiproliferative activity, and knockdown of p21 with small interfering RNA largely attenuated the antiproliferative effect. Intratumoral and systemic administration of IL-29 inhibited OBA-LK1 and LK-1, but not A549, tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated marked upregulated p21 and downregulated Ki-67 expression in tumors treated with IL-29. The interferon combination of IL-29 and IFN-α displayed a more effective antiproliferative effect and a more intense p21 expression than each reagent alone in vitro. Furthermore, interferon combination therapy suppressed in vivo NSCLC growth more effectively than interferon monotherapy. These findings demonstrate that type III IFN can mediate direct antitumor activities via increased p21 expression and induction of apoptosis and cooperate with type I IFN to elicit more efficient direct antitumor activities, and suggest the possibility that type III IFN might improve the efficacy and reduce the side-effects of type I IFN cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/biosynthesis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drug Synergism
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytokine/analysis
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujie
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
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99
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Zhang SQ, Zhang Z, Luo X, Yang S, Chai Y, Huang HL, Yin XY, Hu DJ, Yang CJ, Liu JL, Zhang XJ. Interleukin 29 enhances expression of Toll receptor 3 and mediates antiviral signals in human keratinocytes. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:1031-7. [PMID: 21847628 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 29 (IL-29) is a class II cytokine and displays numerous immune functions other than its anti-viral and antiproliferation activities. This study is focused on the effect of IL-29 on human keratinocytes (KCs). METHODS Primary KCs were stimulated by various concentrations of IL-29 for different time periods, and antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression were then analyzed by real-time PCR. The signal pathways activated by IL-29 in KCs were detected by western blot. The antiviral activity of IL-29 was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, and small interfering RNA knockdown was used to analyze the role of toll receptor 3 (TLR3) in the antiviral activity of IL-29. RESULTS IL-29 was able to induce expression of antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression in KCs. IL-29 pretreatment strongly enhanced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced expression of the interferon β (IFN-β) gene and protected the KCs from HSV-1 challenge. The IL-29 antiviral activity was partially dependent on TLR3 expression induced by this cytokine, and mechanistic studies demonstrated that the regulation of TLR3 expression by IL-29 might be partially dependent on Janus kinase /signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STATs) activation. CONCLUSION IL-29-induced TLR3 expression is involved in antiviral activity of IL-29 in KCs, which suggests a feasible method to cure certain viral infections of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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100
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Li Q, Kawamura K, Okamoto S, Fujie H, Numasaki M, Namba M, Nagata M, Shimada H, Kobayashi H, Tagawa M. Adenoviruses-mediated transduction of human oesophageal carcinoma cells with the interferon-λ genes produced anti-tumour effects. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1302-12. [PMID: 21952623 PMCID: PMC3241552 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-λs (IFN-λs) are novel cytokines with multiple functions, like IFN-α and -β. We examined possible anti-tumour effects produced by adenoviruses bearing the IFN-λ1 or -λ2 gene (Ad/IFN-λ) with the type-35 fibre-knob structure. METHODS Proliferation of oesophageal carcinoma cells transduced with Ad/IFN-λ and mechanisms of the inhibited growth were investigated. RESULTS Transduction with Ad/IFN-λ upregulated the expression of the class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complexes and induced the growth suppression. Increased sub-G1 populations and the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were detected in IFN-λ-sensitive YES-2 and T.Tn cells. The cell death was accompanied by cytoplasmic cytochrome C and increased cleaved caspase-9 and Bax expression, suggesting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Adenovirus/IFN-λ-infected YES-2 cells subsequently reduced the tumourigenicity. Adenovirus/IFN-λ-infected fibroblasts, negative for the IFN-λ receptors, induced death of YES-2 or T.Tn cells that were co-cultured. Inoculation of YES-2 cells in nude mice, when mixed with the Ad/IFN-λ-infected fibroblasts, resulted in retardation of the tumour growth. The growth suppression was not linked with upregulated CD69 expression on natural killer cells or increased numbers of CD31-positive cells. CONCLUSION Adenovirus/IFN-λ induced apoptosis, and fibroblast-mediated delivery of IFN-λs is a potential cancer treatment by inducing direct cell death of the target carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - K Kawamura
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - S Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - H Fujie
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - M Numasaki
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - M Namba
- Niimi College, Okayama 718-8585, Japan
| | - M Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - H Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - H Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - M Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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