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Burmenskaya OV, Poltavtseva RA, Panova IG. mRNAs of Genes of Toll-Like Receptors are Expressed in Human Fetal Eye Tissues. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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52
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Ranjan K, Chhipa AS, Tiwari BS, Pathak C. AGE-RAGE synergy influences programmed cell death signaling to promote cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:585-598. [PMID: 33025314 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed as a result of non-enzymatic reaction between the free reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs are predominantly synthesized during chronic hyperglycemic conditions or aging. AGEs interact with their receptor RAGE and activate various sets of genes and proteins of the signal transduction pathway. Accumulation of AGEs and upregulated expression of RAGE is associated with various pathological conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The role of AGE-RAGE signaling has been demonstrated in the progression of various types of cancer and other pathological disorders. The expression of RAGE increases manifold during cancer progression. The activation of AGE-RAGE signaling also perturbs the cellular redox balance and modulates various cell death pathways. The programmed cell death signaling often altered during the progression of malignancies. The cellular reprogramming of AGE-RAGE signaling with cell death machinery during tumorigenesis is interesting to understand the complex signaling mechanism of cancer cells. The present review focus on multiple molecular paradigms relevant to cell death particularly Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Necroptosis that are considerably influenced by the AGE-RAGE signaling in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the review also attempts to shed light on the provenience of AGE-RAGE signaling on oxidative stress and consequences of cell survival mechanism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Budhi Sagar Tiwari
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.
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Oliveira LP, Guimarães VHD, Oliveira JR, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Bader M, Santos RASD, Santos SHS. Genetic deletion of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas leads to alterations in gut villi length modulating TLR4/PI3K/AKT and produces microbiome dysbiosis. Neuropeptides 2020; 82:102056. [PMID: 32505463 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important peptide cascade involved in physiological processes. RAS homeostasis disruption produces several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarct, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and increases gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cell proliferation. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) peptide is the main RAS counter-regulatory axis effector. It is formed from ACE2 enzyme and acts mainly through Mas receptor (MasR). In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate alterations in small intestine morphology and intestinal microbiota composition in MasR knockout C57BL/6 mice. We analyzed glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity and blood collected for biochemical parameters as well as small intestine tissues samples for immunohistochemistry. mRNA and bacteria gDNA expression evaluation. mRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR for TLR4, PI3K and AKT. The main results showed that Mas-R-knockout mice presented lower body weight. MasR-knockout mice also presented increased fasted blood glucose and total cholesterol with reduced HDL, lower glucose tolerance and impaired insulin sensitivity. Increased intestinal mucosa length, increased intestinal villi, reduced Lieberkühn crypt depth. The increased expression of cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 and increased TLR4, PI3K and AKT expressions were observed with augmented Bacteroidetes and decreased amount of Firmicutes. That results suggests that MasR deletion generated changes in intestinal microbiota, possibly due to a lower neutral amino acids absorption followed by a compensatory increase in intestinal villi length associated with disbiosis and LPS overproduction that ultimately lead to proliferation and cell inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Paulo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaina Ribeiro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Shi Y, Xu J, Ding B, Chen G, Jin L, Ke L, Xu X, Wang J, Sun Q, Xu X. Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2383970. [PMID: 32733972 PMCID: PMC7369653 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2383970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation, a gastrointestinal function disorder, is one of the side effects of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. Shenhuang plaster (SHP) application on the Shenque acupoint promotes gut motility in clinical settings. In this study, we elucidated the ingredients in SHP and evaluated its effects on PTX-induced constipation using a tumour-bearing mouse model. SHP was prepared using the traditional Chinese plaster preparation method. The ingredients were analysed using UPLC-MS/MS and identified via screening in a standard drug database. The gastrointestinal transit was evaluated by the movement of a fluorescein-labelled dextran in the gastrointestinal tract. A histological study of the mucosa was carried out after haematoxylin and eosin staining. mRNA expression was assessed using real-time RT-PCR, and the foetal microbiota composition was elucidated through 16 s rDNA sequencing and BLAST analysis. Our results indicate that the application of SHP attenuated weight gain inhibition by PTX; however, no inhibitory effect was observed on tumour growth. PTX-induced sluggish intestine, villus, and mucosal base layer damage were significantly improved following the application of SHP. Further, SHP enhanced the stimulation efficiency of PTX on TLR4 and its downstream cytokines, as well as on IL-1β in intestinal cells. SHP combined with PTX reshaped the microbiota, which showed beneficial effects on health. Hence, these results provide evidence that SHP alleviates PTX-induced constipation and intestinal morphological damage but augments the effects of PTX on the expression of cytokines in the TLR4 pathway and IL-1β. Therefore, we propose that SHP stimulates the host immune response to eradicate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingming Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guiping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liang Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 830052, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - JingXia Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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55
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Chu Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Yu L, Zhang D, Pei F. Characterization of lncRNA-Perturbed TLR-Signaling Network Identifies Novel lncRNA Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:503. [PMID: 32626715 PMCID: PMC7314994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in the Toll-like receptors (TLR)-signaling network to modulate colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. However, the mechanism and clinical significance for lncRNAs regulating TLR signaling pathways in CRC remained largely unknown. In this study, we performed an integrative network analysis of transcriptomics by focusing on a lncRNA-perturbed TLR-signaling network, identifying 280 lncRNAs and 122 mRNAs. We found a profound phenomenon that abnormal expression of some lncRNAs can perturb the TLR-signaling network to contribute to CRC development and progression. Furthermore, we identified a novel TLR-related prognostic gene signature (TLRLncSig) composed of three lncRNAs (MCHR2, AC011472.4, and AC063944.1), and one mRNA (CDKN2B). Utilizing TLRLncSig could classify CRC patients of training set into two groups with significantly different overall survival. The prognostic value of the TLRLncSig was further validated in the other two independent CRC datasets with different platforms. Results of multivariate and stratification analysis indicated that the TLRLncSig is an independent prognostic factor, and our study underscores the clinical significance of TLR-related lncRNAs in CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatary Diseases, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fenghua Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Al Kury LT, Dayyan F, Ali Shah F, Malik Z, Khalil AAK, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Ali A, Khan Z. Ginkgo biloba Extract Protects against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Computational and Pharmacological Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E2540. [PMID: 32486047 PMCID: PMC7321289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract possess several promising biological activities; currently, it is clinically employed in the management of several diseases. This research work aimed to extrapolate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) in methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver toxicity model. These effects were analyzed using different in vivo experimental approaches and by bioinformatics analysis. Male SD rats were grouped as follows: saline; MTX; Gb (pretreated for seven days with 60, 120, and 180 mg/kg daily dose before MTX treatment); silymarin (followed by MTX treatment); Gb 180 mg/kg daily only; and silymarin only. Histopathological results revealed that MTX induced marked hepatic injury, associated with a substantial surge in various hepatic enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, MTX caused the triggering of oxidative distress associated with a depressed antioxidant system. All these injury markers contributed to a significant release of apoptotic (caspase-3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-like inflammatory mediators. Treatment with Gb counteracts MTX-mediated apoptosis and inflammation dose-dependently along with modulating the innate antioxidative mechanisms such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). These results were further supplemented by in silico study to analyze drug-receptor interactions (for several Gb constituents and target proteins) stabilized by a low energy value and with a good number of hydrogen bonds. These findings demonstrated that Gb could ameliorate MTX-induced elevated liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation, possibly by JNK and TNF-α modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 00000, UAE;
| | - Fazli Dayyan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.D.); (Z.M.)
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.D.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zulkifal Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.D.); (Z.M.)
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan;
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Burgueño JF, Abreu MT. Epithelial Toll-like receptors and their role in gut homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:263-278. [PMID: 32103203 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between the site of the highest microbial burden in the human body and the richest immune compartment, a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells specializes in nutrient absorption, stratifies microorganisms to limit colonization of tissues and shapes the responses of the subepithelial immune cells. In this Review, we focus on the expression, regulation and functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the different intestinal epithelial lineages to analyse how epithelial recognition of bacteria participates in establishing homeostasis in the gut. In particular, we elaborate on the involvement of epithelial TLR signalling in controlling crypt dynamics, enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and promoting immune tolerance towards the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we comment on the regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune TLR-driven immune responses towards pathogens and revisit the role of TLRs in epithelial repair after injury. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of epithelial TLRs can lead to the generation of dysbiosis, thereby increasing susceptibility to colitis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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58
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Yi Y, Fang Y, Wu K, Liu Y, Zhang W. Comprehensive gene and pathway analysis of cervical cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3316-3332. [PMID: 32256826 PMCID: PMC7074609 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical Cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. The present study aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in cervical cancer (CC) progression, via a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The GSE63514 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed for hub genes and cancer progression was divided into four phases (phases I-IV). Pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and pathway crosstalk analyses were performed, to identify key genes and pathways using a criterion nodal degree ≥5. Gene pathway analysis was determined by mapping the key genes into the key pathways. Co-expression between key genes and their effect on overall survival (OS) time was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 3,446 differentially expressed genes with 107 hub genes were identified within the four phases. A total of 14 key genes with 11 key pathways were obtained, following extraction of ≥5 degree nodes from the PPI and pathway crosstalk networks. Gene pathway analysis revealed that CDK1 and CCNB1 regulated the cell cycle and were activated in phase I. Notably, the following terms, 'pathways in cancer', 'focal adhesion' and the 'PI3K-Akt signaling pathway' ranked the highest in phases II-IV. Furthermore, FN1, ITGB1 and MMP9 may be associated with metastasis of tumor cells. STAT1 was indicated to predominantly function at the phase IV via cancer-associated signaling pathways, including 'pathways in cancer' and 'Toll-like receptor signaling pathway'. Survival analysis revealed that high ITGB1 and FN1 expression levels resulted in significantly worse OS. CDK1 and CCNB1 were revealed to regulate proliferation and differentiation through the cell cycle and viral tumorigenesis, while FN1 and ITGB1, which may be developed as novel prognostic factors, were co-expressed to induce metastasis via cancer-associated signaling pathways, including PI3K-Art signaling pathway, and focal adhesion in CC; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiong Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wei Zhang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China, E-mail:
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59
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Petri RM, Neubauer V, Humer E, Kröger I, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Feed Additives Differentially Impact the Epimural Microbiota and Host Epithelial Gene Expression of the Bovine Rumen Fed Diets Rich in Concentrates. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 32140139 PMCID: PMC7043141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of nutritional strategies for the prevention of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and the related microbial dysbiosis still remains unpredictable due to the complexity of the rumen ecosystem. The rumen epimural community, due to proximity, has the greatest opportunity to influence host gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two separate feed additives on the rumen epimural community and host epithelial gene expression. Eight rumen cannulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three feeding groups: autolyzed yeast (AY), phytogenics (PHY) and control (CON) using a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Cows were fed an intermittent SARA model that started with 100% forage diet (Baseline) followed by two 65% concentrate-diet induced SARA challenges (SARAI, SARAII), separated by 1 week of forage only feeding. Rumen papillae samples were collected via the cannula during the Baseline, SARAI and SARAII periods. Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced targeting the 16S rRNA gene and host RNA was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Analysis of the taxonomic composition at the genera level showed a tendency to increase in the relative abundances of Pseudobutyrivibrio (P = 0.06), Selenomonas (P = 0.07) and significantly increase in SHD-231 (P = 0.01) in PHY treated animals, whereas Succiniclasticum tended to decrease in both PHY and AY treated animals compared to the control. Linear discriminant analysis effect size testing was performed and based on treatment × feeding phase interaction, a number of biomarker genera were identified including the previously identified Succiniclasticum. Supplementation with AY correlated positively with CD14 and DRA expression and negatively to CLDN1, MyD88, and MCT4 expression. Supplementation with PHY showed a negative correlation to CLDN4 gene expression. Anaerovibrio showed the highest positive Pearson correlations to biogenic amines tested in the rumen fluid including putrescine (r = 0.67), cadaverine (r = 0.84), and tyramine (r = 0.83). These results show that supplementing feed additives to high grain diets can have a positive influence on the stability of the epimural populations, and that changes in the epimural community are correlated with changes in host epithelial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Maxine Petri
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health - Unit for Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Seetha A, Devaraj H, Sudhandiran G. Indomethacin and juglone inhibit inflammatory molecules to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22433. [PMID: 31916655 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common fatal cancer. Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is known to reduce the occurrence of CRC. This study evaluated the potential anticolon cancer effects of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) in combination with indomethacin. Human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29) were subjected to treatment with indomethacin, juglone, and a combination of both. Morphological analysis, cell cycle regulation, and dual staining using acridine orange and ethidium bromide in control and treated cells revealed the apoptotic potential of these compounds. Bcl2 and inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and Cox-2) were found to be decreased with a concomitant increase in the expression of proapoptotic molecules (Bad, Bax, cytochrome c, and PUMA) as a result of the molecular regulation of Wnt, Notch, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling. Treatment with juglone was not as effective as with indomethacin; however, a combination of both was shown to be more effective, suggesting that juglone may be considered for therapeutic intervention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Seetha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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Lee JW, Kim YS, Dong X, Park JS, Shin WB, Kim SJ, Go EA, Park PJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodiola crenulata extracts through the down-regulation of MyD88 dependent pathway and induction of autophagy. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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62
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T Cell Proliferation Is Induced by Chronically TLR2-Stimulated Gingival Fibroblasts or Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246134. [PMID: 31817424 PMCID: PMC6940768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation of the gums, resident cells of the periodontium, gingival fibroblasts (GFs), interact with heterogeneous cell populations of the innate and adaptive immune system that play a crucial role in protecting the host from pathogenic infectious agents. We investigated the effects of chronic inflammation, by exposing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures, and GF–PBMC cocultures to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 activators for 21 days and assessed whether this influenced leukocyte retention, survival, and proliferation. Chronic stimulation of PBMC–GF cocultures with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists induced a reduction of NK (CD56+CD3−), T (CD3+), and B (CD19+) cells, whereas the number of TLR-expressing monocytes were unaffected. TLR2 agonists doubled the T cell proliferation, likely of a selective population, given the net decrease of T cells. Subsequent chronic exposure experiments without GF, using PBMC and PBL cultures, showed a significantly (p < 0.0001) increased proinflammatory cytokine production of TNF-α and IL-1β up to 21 days only in TLR2-activated PBMC with concomitant T cell proliferation, suggesting a role for monocytes. In conclusion, chronic TLR activation mediates the shift in cell populations during infection. Particularly, TLR2 activators play an important role in T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes, suggesting that TLR2 activation represents a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
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63
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Vanadium Derivative Exposure Promotes Functional Alterations of VSMCs and Consequent Atherosclerosis via ROS/p38/NF-κB-Mediated IL-6 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246115. [PMID: 31817202 PMCID: PMC6940940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a transition metal widely distributed in the Earth’s crust, and is a major contaminant in fossil fuels. Its pathological effect and regulation in atherosclerosis remain unclear. We found that intranasal administration of the vanadium derivative NaVO3 significantly increased plasma and urinary vanadium levels and induced arterial lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient knockout mice (ApoE−/−) murine aorta compared to those in vehicle-exposed mice. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and a decrease in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation marker protein SM22α in the atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, exposure to NaVO3 or VOSO4 induced cytosolic ROS generation and IL-6 production in VSMCs and promoted VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) not only suppresses IL-6 production and VSMC pathological responses including migration and proliferation but also prevents atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Inhibition experiments with NAC and pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that NaVO3-induced IL-6 production is signaled by ROS-triggered p38-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathways. Neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies impaired NaVO3-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation. We concluded that NaVO3 exposure activates the ROS-triggering p38 signaling to selectively induce NF-κB-mediated IL-6 production. These signaling pathways induce VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation, leading to lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis.
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Malireddi RKS, Kesavardhana S, Kanneganti TD. ZBP1 and TAK1: Master Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome/Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PAN-optosis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:406. [PMID: 31850239 PMCID: PMC6902032 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is central to development, organismal homeostasis, and immune responses. The cell death field has experienced tremendous progress by delineating the molecular programs specific to each of the apoptotic and inflammatory cell death pathways. Moreover, the discovery of the inflammasomes and pyroptosis and necroptosis pathway regulators have provided the genetic basis for the programmed inflammatory cell death pathways. Earlier research highlighted the unique regulation of each of these pathways, but emerging studies discovered co-regulation and crosstalk between these seemingly different cell death complexes. The progress in this area has led to an idea that master regulators play central roles in orchestrating multiple cell death pathways. Here, we provide a brief review of the master regulators, the innate immune sensor ZBP1 and the essential cell survival kinase TAK1, that play vital roles in the regulation of RIPK1/RIPK3-FADD-caspase-8 cell death complex assembly and its versatility in executing Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis, which we dubbed here as PAN-optosis. Furthermore, we discuss the implications and therapeutic potential of targeting these master regulators in health and disease. One Sentence Summary ZBP1 and TAK1 regulate PAN-optosis.
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Leflunomide-induced liver injury in mice: Involvement of TLR4 mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR/NFκB pathway. Life Sci 2019; 235:116824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sipos F, Kiss AL, Constantinovits M, Tulassay Z, Műzes G. Modified Genomic Self-DNA Influences In Vitro Survival of HT29 Tumor Cells via TLR9- and Autophagy Signaling. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1505-1517. [PMID: 30465163 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In relation of immunobiology, the consequence of the crosstalk between TLR9-signaling and autophagy is poorly documented in HT29 cancer cells. To assess the TLR9-mediated biologic effects of modified self-DNA sequences on cell kinetics and autophagy response HT29 cells were incubated separately with intact genomic (g), hypermethylated (m), fragmented (f), and hypermethylated/fragmented (m/f) self-DNAs. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell proliferation, colonosphere-formation were determined. Moreover, the relation of TLR9-signaling to autophagy response was assayed by real-time RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After incubation with g-, m-, and m/f-DNAs cell viability and proliferation decreased, while apoptosis increased. F-DNA treatment resulted in an increase of cell survival. Methylation of self-DNA resulted in decrease of TLR9 expression, while it did not influence the positive effect of DNA fragmentation on MyD88 and TRAF6 overexpression, and TNFα downregulation. Fragmentation of DNA abrogated the positive effect of methylation on IRAK2, NFκB and IL-8 mRNA upregulations. In case of the autophagy genes and proteins, g- and f-DNAs caused significant upregulation of Beclin1, Atg16L1, and LC3B. According to TEM analyses, autophagy was present in each group of tumor cells, but to a varying degree. Incubation with m-DNA suppressed tumor cell survival by inducing features of apoptotic cell death, and activated mitophagy. F-DNA treatment enhanced cell survival, and activated macroautophagy and lipophagy. Colonospheres were only present after m-DNA incubation. Our data provided evidence for a close existing interplay between TLR9-signaling and the autophagy response with remarkable influences on cell survival in HT29 cells subjected to modified self-DNA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Miklós Constantinovits
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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Arora S, Ahmad S, Irshad R, Goyal Y, Rafat S, Siddiqui N, Dev K, Husain M, Ali S, Mohan A, Syed MA. TLRs in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116671. [PMID: 31336122 PMCID: PMC7094289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a clan of proteins involved in identification and triggering a suitable response against pathogenic attacks. As lung is steadily exposed to multiple infectious agents, antigens and host-derived danger signals, the inhabiting stromal and myeloid cells of the lung express an aggregate of TLRs which perceive the endogenously derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger the TLR-associated signalling events involved in host defence. Thus, they form an imperative component of host defence activation in case of microbial infections as well as non-infectious pulmonary disorders such as interstitial lung disease, acute lung injury and airways disease, such as COPD and asthma. They also play an equally important role in lung cancer. Targeting the TLR signalling network would pave ways to the design of more reliable and effective vaccines against infectious agents and control deadly infections, desensitize allergens and reduce inflammation. Moreover, TLR agonists may act as adjuvants by increasing the efficiency of cancer vaccines, thereby contributing their role in treatment of lung cancer too. Overall, TLRs present a compelling and expeditiously bolstered area of research and addressing their signalling events would be of significant use in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rasha Irshad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Ueda M, Jo JI, Gao JQ, Tabata Y. Effect of lipopolysaccharide addition on the gene transfection of spermine-introduced pullulan-plasmid DNA complexes for human mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1542-1558. [PMID: 31354063 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1650240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) addition on the gene transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). hMSC were treated with the LPS at different concentrations and the complex of spermine-introduced pullulan and luciferase plasmid DNA for 3 h. The maximum level of gene expression was observed for hMSC treated with a certain concentration range of LPS. In addition, the cytotoxicity, cellular internalization of complexes, and cell cycle after LPS treatment were investigated. The cytotoxicity increased with an increase in the LPS concentration treated. On the other hand, the cellular internalization of complexes increased with the increased LPS concentration, although the internalization was sharply reduced at the high concentration. The LPS treatment increased the actin polymerization of cells to allow to spread more. The enhanced cells spreading would enhance the cellular internalization of complexes. In addition, the LPS treatment increased the rate of cell cycle. It is possible that the balance of cytotoxicity, cellular internalization, and cell cycle caused by the LPS addition results in the enhanced gene transfection at a certain LPS concentration. It is concluded that LPS treatment positively modified the cellular internalization and the cell cycle, resulting in the enhanced gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ueda
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University , P. R. China
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Japan
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Lanki M, Seppänen H, Mustonen H, Hagström J, Haglund C. Toll-like receptor 1 predicts favorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219245. [PMID: 31314777 PMCID: PMC6636725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between inflammation and carcinogenesis is indisputable. In trying to understand key factors at play, cancer research has developed an interest in the toll-like receptors (TLRs), which have shown signs of having prognostic value in various adenocarcinomas. We began investigating the expression of toll-like receptors 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to evaluate their prognostic value of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods We collected tumor biopsies from 154 stage I-III PDAC patients surgically treated at Helsinki University Hospital between 2002 and 2011, excluding patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. We used tissue microarray slides and immunohistochemistry to assess expression of TLRs 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 in PDAC tissue. Immunopositivity scores and clinicopathological characteristics were subjected to Fisher’s exact test or the linear-by-linear association test. For the survival analysis, we applied the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and the Cox regression proportional hazard model served for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Strong TLR1 expression was observable in 60 (39%), strong TLR3 in 48 (31%), strong TLR5 in 58 (38%), strong TLR7 in 14 (9%), and strong TLR9 in 22 (14%) patients. The multivariate analysis showed strong TLR1 expression to associate with better survival than moderate, low, or negative expression (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99; p = 0.044). Additionally, those few patients with tumors negative for TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 fared poorly (HR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.31–4.43; p = 0.005; n = 13). Conclusion Strong TLR1 expression suggested better prognosis in PDAC patients, whereas negative expression of TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 was a sign of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Lanki
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Simons KH, de Vries MR, de Jong RCM, Peters HAB, Jukema JW, Quax PHA. IRF3 and IRF7 mediate neovascularization via inflammatory cytokines. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3888-3896. [PMID: 30932349 PMCID: PMC6533520 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3 and IRF7 in neovascularization. METHODS Unilateral hind limb ischaemia was induced in Irf3-/- , Irf7-/- and C57BL/6 mice by ligation of the left common femoral artery. Post-ischaemic blood flow recovery in the paw was measured with laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Soleus, adductor and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested to investigate angiogenesis and arteriogenesis and inflammation. RESULTS Post-ischaemic blood flow recovery was decreased in Irf3-/- and Irf7-/- mice compared to C57BL/6 mice at all time points up to and including sacrifice, 28 days after surgery (t28). This was supported by a decrease in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in soleus and adductor muscles of Irf3-/- and Irf7-/- mice at t28. Furthermore, the number of macrophages around arterioles in adductor muscles was decreased in Irf3-/- and Irf7-/- mice at t28. In addition, mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il6, ccl2) and growth factor receptor (vegfr2), were decreased in gastrocnemius muscles of Irf3-/- and Irf7-/- mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSION Deficiency of IRF3 and IRF7 results in impaired post-ischaemic blood flow recovery caused by attenuated angiogenesis and arteriogenesis linked to a lack of inflammatory components in ischaemic tissue. Therefore, IRF3 and IRF7 are essential regulators of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H. Simons
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rob C. M. de Jong
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A. B. Peters
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Toll-Like Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5286358. [PMID: 31240216 PMCID: PMC6556293 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5286358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathological, genetic, and molecular heterogeneity of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, improvements in risk classification, prognosis, and treatment have not been sufficient. Currently, great importance has been placed to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system, which are very important components that influence the establishment and development of tumors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immunite system sensors of a wide variety of molecules, such as those associated with microorganisms and danger signals. TLRs are expressed on many cells, including immune cells and nonimmune cells such as neurons and cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment, activation of TLRs plays dual antitumoral (dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells activation) and protumoral effects (tumor cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy) and constitutes an area of opportunities and challenges in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Several clinical trials have been carried out, and others are currently in process; however, the results obtained to date have been contradictory and have not led to a definitive position about the use of TLR agonists in adjuvant therapy during the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In this review, we focus on recent advances in TLR agonists as immunotherapies for treatment of CNS tumors.
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Chowdhury M, Li CF, He Z, Lu Y, Liu XS, Wang YF, Ip YT, Strand MR, Yu XQ. Toll family members bind multiple Spätzle proteins and activate antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10172-10181. [PMID: 31088910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster regulates several immune-related functions, including the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. The canonical Toll receptor (Toll-1) is activated by the cytokine Spätzle (Spz-1), but Drosophila encodes eight other Toll genes and five other Spz genes whose interactions with one another and associated functions are less well-understood. Here, we conducted in vitro assays in the Drosophila S2 cell line with the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domains of each Toll family member to determine whether they can activate a known target of Toll-1, the promoter of the antifungal peptide gene drosomycin. All TIR family members activated the drosomycin promoter, with Toll-1 and Toll-7 TIRs producing the highest activation. We found that the Toll-1 and Toll-7 ectodomains bind Spz-1, -2, and -5, and also vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) virions, and that Spz-1, -2, -5, and VSV all activated the promoters of drosomycin and several other AMP genes in S2 cells expressing full-length Toll-1 or Toll-7. In vivo experiments indicated that Toll-1 and Toll-7 mutants could be systemically infected with two bacterial species (Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, and VSV with different survival times in adult females and males compared with WT fly survival. Our results suggest that all Toll family members can activate several AMP genes. Our results further indicate that Toll-1 and Toll-7 bind multiple Spz proteins and also VSV, but they differentially affect adult survival after systemic infection, potentially because of sex-specific differences in Toll-1 and Toll-7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Chowdhury
- From the Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Chun-Feng Li
- From the Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110.,the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhen He
- From the Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110.,the School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuzhen Lu
- the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- the School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- the School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Y Tony Ip
- the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Michael R Strand
- the Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- From the Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, .,the School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Rodríguez-Jorge O, Kempis-Calanis LA, Abou-Jaoudé W, Gutiérrez-Reyna DY, Hernandez C, Ramirez-Pliego O, Thomas-Chollier M, Spicuglia S, Santana MA, Thieffry D. Cooperation between T cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 5 signaling for CD4 + T cell activation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/577/eaar3641. [PMID: 30992399 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells recognize antigens through their T cell receptors (TCRs); however, additional signals involving costimulatory receptors, for example, CD28, are required for proper T cell activation. Alternative costimulatory receptors have been proposed, including members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, such as TLR5 and TLR2. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying a potential costimulatory role for TLR5, we generated detailed molecular maps and logical models for the TCR and TLR5 signaling pathways and a merged model for cross-interactions between the two pathways. Furthermore, we validated the resulting model by analyzing how T cells responded to the activation of these pathways alone or in combination, in terms of the activation of the transcriptional regulators CREB, AP-1 (c-Jun), and NF-κB (p65). Our merged model accurately predicted the experimental results, showing that the activation of TLR5 can play a similar role to that of CD28 activation with respect to AP-1, CREB, and NF-κB activation, thereby providing insights regarding the cross-regulation of these pathways in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otoniel Rodríguez-Jorge
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México.,Escuela de Estudios Superiores de Axochiapan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62951 Axochiapan, México
| | - Linda A Kempis-Calanis
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Wassim Abou-Jaoudé
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Darely Y Gutiérrez-Reyna
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Céline Hernandez
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Morgane Thomas-Chollier
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Maria A Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México.
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
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Zhang T, Guan XW, Gribben JG, Liu FT, Jia L. Blockade of HMGB1 signaling pathway by ethyl pyruvate inhibits tumor growth in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 30988279 PMCID: PMC6465275 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in the tumor microenvironment actively contributes to tumor progression but its role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which HMGB1 promotes tumor growth in DLBCL and whether blockade of HMGB1 signaling pathway could inhibit tumorigenesis. We report that HMGB1 promotes proliferation of DLBCL cells by activation of AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and SRC Proto-Oncogene, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Src). Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits HMGB1 active release from DLBCL cells and significantly inhibited proliferation of DLBCL cells in vitro. Treatment with EP significantly prevented and inhibited tumor growth in vivo and prolonged DLBCL-bearing mice survival. EP significantly downregulated HMGB1 expression and phosphorylation of Src and ERK1/2 in mice lymphoma tissue. EP induced accumulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 but downregulated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Increased nuclear translocation of p27 interacted with CDK2 and cyclin A, which led to blockade of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S phase transition. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that blockade of HMGB1-mediated signaling pathway by EP effectively inhibited DLBCL tumorigenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Wen Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Feng-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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75
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Lee GL, Yeh CC, Wu JY, Lin HC, Wang YF, Kuo YY, Hsieh YT, Hsu YJ, Kuo CC. TLR2 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation and Consequent Calcification via the Concerted Actions of Osteoprotegerin Suppression and IL-6–Mediated RANKL Induction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:432-445. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation to an osteochondrogenic phenotype is an initial step toward arterial calcification, which is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease–related morbidity and mortality. TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) plays a pathogenic role in the development of vascular diseases, but its regulation in calcification of arteries and VSMCs remains unclear. We postulate that TLR2-mediated inflammation participates in mediating atherosclerotic arterial calcification and VSMC calcification.
Approach and Results—
We found that
ApoE
−/−
Tlr2
−/−
genotype in mice suppressed high-fat diet–induced atherosclerotic plaques formation during initiation but progressively lost its preventative capacity, compared with
ApoE
−/−
mice. However, TLR2 deficiency prohibited high-fat diet–induced advanced atherosclerotic calcification, chondrogenic metaplasia, and OPG (osteoprotegerin) downregulation in the calcified lesions. Incubation of VSMCs in a calcifying medium revealed that TLR2 agonists significantly increased VSMC calcification and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, TLR2 deficiency suppressed TLR2 agonist–mediated VSMC chondrogenic differentiation and consequent calcification, which were triggered via the concerted actions of IL (interleukin)-6–mediated RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) induction and OPG suppression. Inhibition experiments with pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that IL-6–mediated RANKL induction is signaled by p38 and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathways, whereas the OPG is suppressed via NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) dependent signaling mediated by ERK1/2.
Conclusions—
We concluded that on ligand binding, TLR2 activates p38 and ERK1/2 signaling to selectively modulate the upregulation of IL-6–mediated RANKL and downregulation of OPG. These signaling pathways act in concert to induce chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs, which in turn leads to vascular calcification during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Lee
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Chang-Ching Yeh
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-C.Y., Y.-J.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Jing-Yiing Wu
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Yi-Fu Wang
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Ya-Yi Kuo
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-J.H)
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-C.Y., Y.-J.H., C.-C.K.)
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Maioli, Taiwan (G.-L.L., C.-C.Y., J.-Y.W., H.-C.L., Y.-F.W., Y.-Y.K., Y.-T.H., C.-C.K.)
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-C.Y., Y.-J.H., C.-C.K.)
- Metabolomic Research Center and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C.-C.K.)
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76
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MohanKrishnan A, Patel H, Bhurani V, Parmar R, Yadav N, Dave N, Rana S, Gupta S, Madariya J, Vyas P, Dalai SK. Inclusion of non-target antigen in vaccination favors generation of OVA specific CD4 memory T cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 337:1-14. [PMID: 30773218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inducing long-lived memory T cells by sub-unit vaccines has been a challenge. Subunit vaccines containing single immunogenic target antigen from a given pathogen have been designed with the presumption of mimicking the condition associated with natural infection, but fail to induce quality memory responses. In this study, we have included non-target antigens with vaccine candidate, OVA, in the inoculum containing TLR ligands to suffice the minimal condition of pathogen to provoke immune response. We found that inclusion of immunogenic HEL (hen egg lysozyme) or poorly immunogenic MBP (Myelin Basic protein) non-target antigen enhances the OVA specific CD4 T cell responses. Interestingly, poorly immunogenic MBP was found to strongly favor the generation of OVA specific memory CD4 T cells. MBP not only improves magnitude of T cell response but also promotes the T cells to undergo higher cycles of division, one of the characteristic of central memory T cells. Inclusion of MBP with vaccine targets was also found to promote multiple cytokine producing CD4 T cells. We also found that challenge of host with non-target antigen MBP favors generation of central Memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hardik Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishakha Bhurani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Niyam Dave
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Rana
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Somnath Gupta
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagdish Madariya
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prerak Vyas
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Jiang X, Kong B, Shuai W, Shen C, Yang F, Fu H, Huang H. Loss of MD1 exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 844:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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78
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Mannan-Binding Lectin Suppresses Peptidoglycan-Induced TLR2 Activation and Inflammatory Responses. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1349784. [PMID: 30728747 PMCID: PMC6343158 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1349784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN), as the major components of the bacterial cell wall, is known to cause excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is abundantly expressed on immune cells and has been shown to be involved in PGN-induced signaling. Although more and more evidences have indicated that PGN is recognized by TLR2, the role of TLR2 PGN recognition is controversial. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a plasma C-type lectin, plays a key role in innate immunity. More and more evidences show that MBL could suppress the amplification of inflammatory signals. Whether MBL can alter PGN-elicited cellular responses through TLR2 in macrophages is still unknown, and possible mechanism underlying it should be investigated. In this study, we found that MBL significantly attenuated PGN-induced inflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α and IL-6, in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression of TLR2 was strongly induced by PGN stimulation. Furthermore, the administration of TLR2-neutralized antibody effectively suppressed PGN-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression. These results supplied the evidence that PGN from Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be recognized by TLR2. In addition, we also found that MBL decreased PGN-induced TLR2 expression and suppressed TLR2-mediated downstream signaling, including the phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, and phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and ERK1/2. Administration of MBL alone did not have an effect on the expression of TLR2. Finally, our data showed that PGN-mediated immune responses were more severely suppressed by preincubation with MBL and indicated that MBL can combine with both TLR2 and PGN to block the inflammation cytokine expression induced by PGN. All these data suggest that MBL could downregulate inflammation by modulating PGN/TLR2 signaling pathways. This study supports an important role for MBL in immune regulation and signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses.
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79
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Chihab H, Zaidane I, Elhabazi A, Jadid FZ, El Fihri R, Elmessaoudi-Idrissi M, Chair M, Badre W, Tahiri M, Pineau P, Chemin I, Ezzikouri S, Benjelloun S. Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms and Hepatitis B virus clearance in Moroccan chronic carriers. Gene 2018; 687:212-218. [PMID: 30453064 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against viral infections. The failure of this system may result, in an attenuated immune response against HBV. Recent research has focused on the possibility of targeting the defects in TLR9 pathway as a novel approach for anti-HBV treatment. Our study aimed to assess the impact of both TLR9 rs5743836 and rs187084 polymorphisms on spontaneous HBV clearance in Moroccan chronic HBV carriers. METHODS In this study, 239 individuals chronically infected with HBV (CHB) and 133 subjects who spontaneously resolved the infection (SRB) were genotyped using a Taqman allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Remarkably, we observed a dosage effect of both SNPs on viral loads; with a significant increase of circulating HBV DNA within AA, AG to GG rs5743836 genotypes, whereas the inverse phenomenon was noticed within rs187084 genotypes. There were no consistent association between TLR9 polymorphisms and spontaneous clearance of HBV, however, a significant association was observed between rs187084 AA genotype and HBV progression to advanced liver disease. Further studies on larger populations might be necessary to understand the modulating effect of TLR9 polymorphisms on HBV loads that remain a viral factor of paramount importance to predict HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Chihab
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Biochimie et Nutrition - Université Chouaib Doukkali, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Imane Zaidane
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Elhabazi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Biochimie et Nutrition - Université Chouaib Doukkali, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Zahra Jadid
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Raouia El Fihri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Chair
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Biochimie et Nutrition - Université Chouaib Doukkali, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Wafaa Badre
- Faculté de médecine de Casablanca, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tahiri
- Faculté de médecine de Casablanca, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité "Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse", INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
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80
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Zhu Y, Li Q, Zhou Y, Li W. TLR activation inhibits the osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells through Akt signaling in a Myd88- or TRIF-dependent manner. J Periodontol 2018; 90:400-415. [PMID: 30362568 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) osteogenic differentiation and the associated mechanisms. METHODS TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR6 expression in hPDLSCs was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry, whereas their functional roles were assessed based on nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. The osteogenic effects of these TLRs were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, and alizarin red staining. The roles of Myd88, TRIF, and downstream molecules mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (Akt) in TLR-mediated impaired osteogenic differentiation were examined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting using specific small interfering RNA siRNA and pharmacologic inhibitors. The involvement of Akt activation in restoring TLR1-, 4-, and 6-mediated osteogenic suppression was verified using the Akt activator SC-79. RESULTS TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR6 were highly expressed functionally in hPDLSCs and high doses of TLR ligands inhibited osteogenic potential. Furthermore, blocking Myd88 partly rescued the decrease in osteogenesis mediated by TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 activation by enhancing Akt phosphorylation; likewise, TRIF suppression partially rescued lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated osteogenic inhibition through ERK and Akt activation. Moreover, Akt activation restored the TLR-mediated inhibition of hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS High doses of TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 ligands suppress hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting Akt activation through Myd88- or TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Blocking these adaptors or reactivating Akt could restore the TLR-mediated decrease in hPDLSC osteogenesis, and might be an ideal strategy for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Protective Effects of Lycium barbarum Extracts on UVB-Induced Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Accompanied by Attenuating ROS and DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4814928. [PMID: 30524656 PMCID: PMC6247443 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4814928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Lycium barbarum fruit has been widely used for improving and maintaining the health of the eyes in the Far East for many centuries. This study is aimed at investigating whether protective effects generated from the aqueous (LBA) and ethanol (LBE) extracts of the L. barbarum fruit existed against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. L. barbarum extracts LBA and LBE exerted the activity of ROS scavenging and rescued UVB irradiation-induced growth inhibition in retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Compared to LBA, the ethanol extract LBE exerted a superior protective activity on UVB-induced growth arrest in ARPE-19 cells. Both L. barbarum extracts significantly reduced cell cycle G2-arrest population in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, the cytometer-based Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay further showed that both L. barbarum extracts protected ARPE-19 cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. L. barbarum extracts also reduced the activation of γH2AX, a sensor of DNA damage in ARPE-19 cells in a dose-responsive manner. By using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), the bioinformatics revealed that the protective effects of both LBA and LBE extracts might be involved in three signaling pathways, especially the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway associated with cellular proliferation. Our study suggests that both ethanol and aqueous extracts of L. barbarum exhibit antioxidant activity and rescue UVB-induced apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, the ethanol extract exerts a superior effect on rescuing UVB-induced growth arrest of ARPE-19 compared to the aqueous extract, which might be associated with the activation of TLR signaling. Our present work will benefit the preventive strategy of herbal medicine-based vision protection for treating eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration in the future.
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82
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. TLR4-Based Immunotherapeutics in Cancer: A Review of the Achievements and Shortcomings. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4777-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, 25030 Besançon, France
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83
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Chen Y, Ji N, Pan S, Zhang Z, Wang R, Qiu Y, Jin M, Kong D. Roburic Acid Suppresses NO and IL-6 Production via Targeting NF-κB and MAPK Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2018; 40:1959-1966. [PMID: 28761990 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of roburic acid on production of nitric oxide (NO) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We found that roburic acid reduced production of NO and IL-6, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Meanwhile, phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), as well as translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus, was suppressed by roburic acid treatment. In addition, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) including p38 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was inhibited. Roburic acid exhibited inhibitory activities on production of NO and IL-6 via blocking IKK/IκB/NF-κB and MAPKs pathway, suggesting the potential application as a drug candidate for therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Pharmacy Department, Tanggu Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Tianjin Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300454, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shunli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Zhou H, Wang H, Ni M, Yue S, Xia Y, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Lu L, Wang X, Zhai Y. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes liver innate immune activation by restraining AMP-activated protein kinase activation. J Hepatol 2018; 69:99-109. [PMID: 29452207 PMCID: PMC6291010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β [Gsk3b]) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase with distinctive functions in different types of cells. Although its roles in regulating innate immune activation and ischaemia and reperfusion injuries (IRIs) have been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous, in part because of the lack of cell-specific tools in vivo. METHODS We created a myeloid-specific Gsk3b knockout (KO) strain to study the function of Gsk3β in macrophages in a murine liver partial warm ischaemia model. RESULTS Compared with controls, myeloid Gsk3b KO mice were protected from IRI, with diminished proinflammatory but enhanced anti-inflammatory immune responses in livers. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, Gsk3β deficiency resulted in an early reduction of Tnf gene transcription but sustained increase of Il10 gene transcription on Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in vitro. These effects were associated with enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which led to an accelerated and higher level of induction of the novel innate immune negative regulator small heterodimer partner (SHP [Nr0b2]). The regulatory function of Gsk3β on AMPK activation and SHP induction was confirmed in wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages with a Gsk3 inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that this immune regulatory mechanism was independent of Gsk3β Ser9 phosphorylation and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signalling pathway. In vivo, myeloid Gsk3β deficiency facilitated SHP upregulation by ischaemia-reperfusion in liver macrophages. Treatment of Gsk3b KO mice with either AMPK inhibitor or SHP small interfering RNA before the onset of liver ischaemia restored liver proinflammatory immune activation and IRI in these otherwise protected hosts. Additionally, pharmacological activation of AMPK protected wild-type mice from liver IRI, with reduced proinflammatory immune activation. Inhibition of the AMPK-SHP pathway by liver ischaemia was demonstrated in tumour resection patients. CONCLUSIONS Gsk3β promotes innate proinflammatory immune activation by restraining AMPK activation. LAY SUMMARY Glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes macrophage inflammatory activation by inhibiting the immune regulatory signalling of AMP-activated protein kinase and the induction of small heterodimer partner. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β enhances innate immune regulation and protects liver from ischaemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zhou
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi Yue
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ghoneim OM, Bill A, Dhuguru J, Szollosi DE, Edafiogho IO. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazino-enaminones as novel suppressants of pro-Inflammatory cytokines. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3890-3898. [PMID: 29903412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6). Over-production, however, cause tissue injury seen in severe asthma. The ability of enaminone E121 to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in our laboratory encouraged further examination of its structural scaffold. Piperazino-enaminones were designed by incorporating n-arylpiperazine motif into the aromatic enaminone. Four possible modifications were explored systematically. Synthesis was accomplished by amination of the corresponding methyl/ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-(substituted)cyclohexane-carboxylate.. Sixteen novel compounds were synthesized. Biological activity was tested in J774 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. The release of cytokines was measured via ELISA. Four compounds significantly suppressed TNF-alpha and IL-6 release in dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA.
| | - Ashley Bill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Jyothi Dhuguru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Doreen E Szollosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Ivan O Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
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86
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Tanno B, Babini G, Leonardi S, Giardullo P, De Stefano I, Pasquali E, Ottolenghi A, Atkinson MJ, Saran A, Mancuso M. Ex vivo miRNome analysis in Ptch1+/- cerebellum granule cells reveals a subset of miRNAs involved in radiation-induced medulloblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68253-68269. [PMID: 27626168 PMCID: PMC5356552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has historically been accepted that incorrectly repaired DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the principal lesions of importance regarding mutagenesis, and long-term biological effects associated with ionizing radiation. However, radiation may also cause dysregulation of epigenetic processes that can lead to altered gene function and malignant transformation, and epigenetic alterations are important causes of miRNAs dysregulation in cancer. Patched1 heterozygous (Ptch1+/−) mice, characterized by aberrant activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, are a well-known murine model of spontaneous and radiation-induced medulloblastoma (MB), a common pediatric brain tumor originating from neural granule cell progenitors (GCPs). The high sensitivity of neonatal Ptch1+/− mice to radiogenic MB is dependent on deregulation of the Ptch1 gene function. Ptch1 activates a growth and differentiation programme that is a strong candidate for regulation through the non-coding genome. Therefore we carried out miRNA next generation sequencing in ex vivo irradiated and control GCPs, isolated and purified from cerebella of neonatal WT and Ptch1+/− mice. We identified a subset of miRNAs, namely let-7 family and miR-17∼92 cluster members, whose expression is altered in GCPs by radiation alone, or by synergistic interaction of radiation with Shh-deregulation. The same miRNAs were further validated in spontaneous and radiation-induced MBs from Ptch1+/− mice, confirming persistent deregulation of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MB. Our results support the hypothesis that miRNAs dysregulation is associated with radiosensitivity of GCPs and their neoplastic transformation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tanno
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Leonardi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Giardullo
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Stefano
- Department of Radiation Physics, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael J Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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87
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Li JT, Wang WQ, Wang L, Liu NN, Zhao YL, Zhu XS, Liu QQ, Gao CF, Yang AG, Jia LT. Subanesthetic isoflurane relieves zymosan-induced neutrophil inflammatory response by targeting NMDA glutamate receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31772-89. [PMID: 27144523 PMCID: PMC5077975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil release of NO/ONOO− induces endothelial cell barrier dysfunction in inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI). Previous studies using zymosan-triggered inflammation and ALI model revealed that zymosan promotes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in neutrophils, and that isoflurane inhibits zymosan-induced oxidative stress and iNOS biosynthesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found here that in zymosan-primed neutrophils, iNOS is transcriptionally activated by NF-κB, whose nuclear translocation is triggered by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently activated p38 MAPK. ROS production is attributed to zymosan-initiated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling, in which the adaptor MyD88 recruits and activates c-Src, and c-Src activates NADPH oxidase to generate ROS. Subanesthetic isoflurane counteracts the aforementioned zymosan-induced signaling by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor and thereby suppressing calcium influx and c-Src activation. Whereas iNOS accelerates NO/ONOO− production in neutrophils which eventually promote protein leak from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC), isoflurane reduced NO/ONOO− release from zymosan-treated neutrophils, and thus relieves trans- PMVEC protein leak. This study provides novel insights into the roles of neutrophils and the underlying mechanisms in zymosan-induced ALI, and has implications for the therapeutic potential of subanesthetic isoflurane in attenuating inflammatory responses causing lung endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tang Li
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qin-Qin Liu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chun-Fang Gao
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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88
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Stawski L, Marden G, Trojanowska M. The Activation of Human Dermal Microvascular Cells by Poly(I:C), Lipopolysaccharide, Imiquimod, and ODN2395 Is Mediated by the Fli1/FOXO3A Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:248-259. [PMID: 29141862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; however, the factors contributing to this dysfunction have not been fully explored. Because activation of TLRs has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of TLR ligands on EC function. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) treated with TLR3 [Poly(I:C)], TLR4 (LPS), and TLR7 (imiquimod) agonists showed decreased proliferation and a reduced total number of branching tubules in three-dimensional human dermal organoid ex vivo culture. In contrast, the TLR9 ligand class C, ODN2395, increased angiogenesis. The antiproliferative effects of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands correlated with significant downregulation of a key regulator of vascular homeostasis, Fli1, whereas TLR9 increased Fli1 levels. Furthermore, Poly(I:C) and LPS induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition that was reversed by the pretreatment with TGF-β neutralizing Ab or re-expression of Fli1. We showed that Fli1 was required for the HDMEC proliferation by transcriptionally repressing FOXO3A. In contrast to TLR9, which suppressed activation of the FOXO3A pathway, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands activated FOXO3A as indicated by decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation. The inverse correlation between Fli1 and FOXO3A was also observed in the vasculature of scleroderma patients. This work revealed opposing effects of TLR9 and TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on the key angiogenic pathways, Fli1 and FOXO3A. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of angiogenesis by TLRs and confirm a central role of Fli1 in regulating vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Stawski
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Grace Marden
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
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89
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Lopes Pires ME, Clarke SR, Marcondes S, Gibbins JM. Lipopolysaccharide potentiates platelet responses via toll-like receptor 4-stimulated Akt-Erk-PLA2 signalling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186981. [PMID: 29136006 PMCID: PMC5685579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a principal cause of the symptoms of sepsis. LPS has been reported to modulate the function of platelets although the underlying mechanisms of LPS action in these cells remain unclear. Platelets express the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which serves as a receptor for LPS, although the potential role of TLR4 and associated cell signalling in controlling platelet responses to LPS has not been extensively explored. In this study, we therefore investigated the actions of LPS prepared from different strains of Escherichia coli on platelet function, the underlying signalling mechanisms, and the potential role of TLR4 in orchestrating these. We report that LPS increased the aggregation of washed platelets stimulated by thromboxane (U46619) or GPVI collagen receptor agonists, effects that were prevented by a TLR4 antagonist. Associated with this, LPS enhanced fibrinogen binding, P-selectin exposure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Increase of ROS was found to be important for the actions of LPS on platelets, since these were inhibited in the presence of superoxide dismutase or catalase. The effects of LPS were associated with phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and PLA2 in stimulated platelets, and inhibitors of PI3-kinase, Akt and ERK1/2 reduced significantly LPS enhanced platelet function and associated ROS production. Furthermore, inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase or the thromboxane receptor, revealed an important role for thromboxane A2. We therefore conclude that LPS increases human platelet activation through a TLR4-PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-PLA2 -dependent pathway that is dependent on ROS and TXA2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Lopes Pires
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Clarke
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sisi Marcondes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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90
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Huang R, He Y, Sun B, Liu B. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Three Potentially Key Differentially Expressed Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Takayasu's Arteritis. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:647-653. [PMID: 29105401 PMCID: PMC5672105 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify several potentially key genes associated with the pathogenesis of Takayasu’s
arteritis (TA). This identification may lead to a deeper mechanistic understanding of TA etiology and pave the way for
potential therapeutic approaches.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the microarray dataset GSE33910, which includes expression
data for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples isolated from TA patients and normal volunteers, was
downloaded from the publicly accessible Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes
(DEGs) were identified in PBMCs of TA patients compared with normal controls. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment
analysis of DEGs and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out. Several hub proteins were
extracted from the PPI network based on node degrees and random walk algorithm. Additionally, transcription factors
(TFs) were predicted and the corresponding regulatory network was constructed.
Results A total of 932 DEGs (372 up- and 560 down-regulated genes) were identified in PBMCs from TA patients.
Interestingly, up-regulated and down-regulated genes were involved in different GO terms and pathways. A PPI network
of proteins encoded by DEGs was constructed and RHOA, FOS, EGR1, and GNB1 were considered to be hub proteins
with both higher random walk score and node degree. A total of 13 TFs were predicted to be differentially expressed. A
total of 49 DEGs had been reported to be associated with TA in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The
only TA marker gene in the CTD database was NOS2, confirmed by three studies. However, NOS2 was not significantly
altered in the analyzed microarray dataset. Nevertheless,NOS3 was a significantly down-regulated gene and was
involved in the platelet activation pathway.
Conclusion RHOA, FOS, and EGR1 are potential candidate genes for the diagnosis and therapy of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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91
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Lee MH, Hong SH, Park C, Han MH, Kim SO, Hong SH, Kim GY, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory effects of Daehwangmokdantang, a traditional herbal formulation, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5809-5816. [PMID: 29285125 PMCID: PMC5740599 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Daehwangmokdantang (DHMDT) is a traditional polyherbal formulation that has known antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of these activities are poorly understood. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of DHMDT on the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. The inhibitory effects of DHMDT on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production were examined using Griess reagent and ELISA detection kits. The effects of DHMDT on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IL-1β and TNF-α, and their upstream signal proteins, including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector, were investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed the pretreatment with DHMDT significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and expression of iNOS, COX-2 TNF-α, and IL-1β, without any significant cytotoxicity. DHMDT also efficiently prevented the translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 into the nucleus by interrupting the activation of the upstream mediator inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of DHMDT were associated with the suppression of LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that DHMDT exhibited anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, in which the inactivation of NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPKs may be involved. These results suggest that DHMDT may be a potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Han
- Natural Products Research Team, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 325-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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92
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Mirdamadi Y, Bommhardt U, Goihl A, Guttek K, Zouboulis CC, Quist S, Gollnick H. Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor-1 can activate the phosphoinositide-3-kinase /Akt/FoxO1 pathway in T cells in vitro. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1356518. [PMID: 29484090 PMCID: PMC5821168 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1356518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-glycemic food increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin signaling and regulates endocrine responses and thereby may modulate the course of acne. Inflammation and adaptive immune responses have a pivotal role in all stages of acne. Recent hypothesis suggests that hyperglycemic food reduces nuclear forkhead box-O1 (FoxO1) transcription factor and may eventually induces acne. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of IGF-1 and insulin on the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FoxO1 pathway in human primary T cells and on the molecular functions of T cells in vitro. T cells were stimulated with 0.001 μM IGF-1 or 1 μM insulin +/- 20 μM PI3K inhibitor LY294002. T cells were also exposed to SZ95 sebocyte supernatants which were pre-stimulated with IGF-1 or insulin. We found that 0.001 µM IGF-1 and 1 µM insulin activate the PI3K pathway in T cells leading to up-regulation of p-Akt and p-FoxO1 at 15 and 30 minutes. Nuclear FoxO1 was decreased and FoxO transcriptional activity was reduced. 0.001 µM IGF-1 and 1 µM insulin increased T cell proliferation but have no significant effect on Toll-like receptor2/4 (TLR) expression. Interestingly, supernatants from IGF-1- or insulin-stimulated sebocytes activated the PI3K pathway in T cells but reduced T cell proliferation. Taken together, this study helps to support that high glycemic load diet may contribute to induce activation of the PI3K pathway and increase of proliferation in human primary T cells. Factors secreted by IGF-1- and insulin-stimulated sebocytes induce the PI3K pathway in T cells and reduce T cell proliferation, which probably can reflect a protective mechanism of the sebaceous gland basal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Mirdamadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Bommhardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Goihl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karina Guttek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Sven Quist
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Harald Gollnick
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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93
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Conti P, Carinci F, Caraffa A, Ronconi G, Lessiani G, Theoharides TC. Link between mast cells and bacteria: Antimicrobial defense, function and regulation by cytokines. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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94
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Choi JY, Kim BG. Toll-like Receptor 2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Ischemic White Matter Injury and Oligodendrocyte Death. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:186-194. [PMID: 28912641 PMCID: PMC5597549 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.4.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite paramount clinical significance of white matter stroke, there is a paucity of researches on the pathomechanism of ischemic white matter damage and accompanying oligodendrocyte (OL) death. Therefore, a large gap exists between clinical needs and laboratory researches in this disease entity. Recent works have started to elucidate cellular and molecular basis of white matter injury under ischemic stress. In this paper, we briefly introduce white matter stroke from a clinical point of view and review pathophysiology of ischemic white matter injury characterized by OL death and demyelination. We present a series of evidence that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), one of the membranous pattern recognition receptors, plays a cell-autonomous protective role in ischemic OL death and ensuing demyelination. Moreover, we also discuss our recent findings that its endogenous ligand, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from dying OLs and exerts autocrine trophic effects on OLs and myelin sheath under ischemic condition. We propose that modulation of TLR2 and its endogenous ligand HMGB1 can be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic white matter disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Brain science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Brain science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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95
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Alan E, Liman N. Toll-like receptor expression patterns in the rat uterus during post partum involution. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 30:330-348. [PMID: 28701256 DOI: 10.1071/rd16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pathogen recognition receptors and play critical roles in detecting and responding to invading pathogens. TLR expression could be significant because, in the uterus, the reproductive tract is an important site of exposure to and infection by pathogens during the post partum involution period. To clarify the expression and localisation patterns of TLRs in the rat uterus on Days 1, 3, 5 and 10 post partum (PP1, PP3, PP5 and PP10 respectively), immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to analyse TLR1-7, TLR9 and TLR10. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that TLR1-7, TLR9 and TLR10 were localised in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of luminal and glandular epithelium, stromal fibroblasts and myometrial cells in the rat uterus. In the luminal epithelium, TLR4-7 were also found in lateral membranes, whereas TLR10 was present in apical membranes. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of TLR proteins increased with the number of days post partum, reaching a maximum on PP10, although levels did not differ significantly from those on PP1 (P>0.05). These findings confirm that TLR1-7, TLR9 and TLR10 are constitutively expressed in uterine cells and that localisation pattern of TLRs in the endometrium varies with structural changes in the uterus on different days of involution. These results suggest that TLRs may play a role in uterine repair and remodelling during physiological involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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96
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Loss of MD1 exacerbates pressure overload-induced left ventricular structural and electrical remodelling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5116. [PMID: 28698617 PMCID: PMC5505950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) has been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including immune regulation, obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. However, the role of MD1 in cardiac remodelling remains incompletely understood. We used MD1-knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates to determine the functional significance of MD1 in the regulation of aortic banding (AB)-induced left ventricular (LV) structural and electrical remodelling and its underlying mechanisms. After 4 weeks of AB, MD1-KO hearts showed substantial aggravation of LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, LV dilation and dysfunction, and electrical remodelling, which resulted in overt heart failure and increased electrophysiological instability. Moreover, MD1-KO-AB cardiomyocytes showed increased diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak, reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and SR Ca2+ content, decreased SR Ca2+-ATPase2 expression, and increased phospholamban and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1 protein expression. Mechanistically, the adverse effects of MD1 deletion on LV remodelling were related to hyperactivated CaMKII signalling and increased impairment of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, whereas the increased electrophysiological instability was partly attributed to exaggerated prolongation of cardiac repolarisation, decreased action potential duration alternans threshold, and increased diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. Therefore, our study on MD1 could provide new therapeutic strategies for preventing/treating heart failure.
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97
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Foster AE, Mahendravada A, Shinners NP, Chang WC, Crisostomo J, Lu A, Khalil M, Morschl E, Shaw JL, Saha S, Duong MT, Collinson-Pautz MR, Torres DL, Rodriguez T, Pentcheva-Hoang T, Bayle JH, Slawin KM, Spencer DM. Regulated Expansion and Survival of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells Using Small Molecule-Dependent Inducible MyD88/CD40. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2176-2188. [PMID: 28697888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor efficacy of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is dependent on their specificity, survival, and in vivo expansion following adoptive transfer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and CD40 signaling in T cells can improve persistence and drive proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following pathogen challenge or in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) settings, suggesting that these costimulatory pathways may be co-opted to improve CAR-T cell persistence and function. Here, we present a novel strategy to activate TLR and CD40 signaling in human T cells using inducible MyD88/CD40 (iMC), which can be triggered in vivo via the synthetic dimerizing ligand, rimiducid, to provide potent costimulation to CAR-modified T cells. Importantly, the concurrent activation of iMC (with rimiducid) and CAR (by antigen recognition) is required for interleukin (IL)-2 production and robust CAR-T cell expansion and may provide a user-controlled mechanism to amplify CAR-T cell levels in vivo and augment anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - An Lu
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Eva Morschl
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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98
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Katare PB, Bagul PK, Dinda AK, Banerjee SK. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition Improves Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Health in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Immunol 2017; 8:719. [PMID: 28690610 PMCID: PMC5479928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation remains a crucial factor for progression of cardiac diseases and cardiac hypertrophy remains an important cause of cardiac failure over all age groups. As a key regulator of inflammation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Being an important regulator of innate immunity, the precise pathway of TLR4-mediated cardiac complications is yet to be established. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to find the role of TLR4 in cardiac hypertrophy and the molecular mechanism thereof. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was induced with administration of isoproterenol (5 mg/kg/day, sc). TLR4 receptor inhibitor RS-LPS (lipopolysaccharide from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides; 5 μg/day) and agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (from Escherichia coli; 3.12 μg/day) were administered through osmotic pump along with isoproterenol. Cardiac hypertrophy as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed with increased heart weight/body weight ratio as well as assessment of hypertrophic markers in heart. There was a marked increase in the TLR4 expression and oxidative stress along with mitochondrial dysfunction in ISO group. TLR4 inhibition significantly decreased heart weight/body weight ratio and ANP, collagen, and β-MHC expression and restored the disturbed cellular antioxidant flux. The mitochondrial perturbations that were observed in hypertrophy heart was normalized after administration of TLR4 inhibitor but not with the agonist. TLR4 agonism further exaggerated the oxidative stress in heart and hence accelerated the disease development and progression. CONCLUSION Our data show that increased TLR4 ligand pool in cardiac hypertrophy may exaggerate the disease progression. However, inhibition of TLR4 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy through reduced cardiac redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmeshwar B Katare
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Pankaj K Bagul
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Amit K Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
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99
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Yamada H, Umemoto T, Kakei M, Momomura SI, Kawakami M, Ishikawa SE, Hara K. Eicosapentaenoic acid shows anti-inflammatory effect via GPR120 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:33. [PMID: 28503189 PMCID: PMC5422876 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids have been shown to cause insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation, whereas unsaturated fatty acids suppress inflammation via G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in macrophages. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of unsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes have yet to be elucidated. Hence, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via GPR120 in adipocytes. METHODS We used 250 μM palmitate as a representative saturated fatty acid. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used for in vitro studies. We further evaluated the effect of EPA supplementation in a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced adipose tissue inflammatory mouse model. RESULTS EPA attenuated palmitate-induced increases in inflammatory gene expression and NF-κB phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Silencing of GPR120 abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA. In GPR120 downstream signal analysis, EPA was found to decrease palmitate-induced increases in TAK1/TAB1 complex expression. EPA supplementation suppressed HFHS-induced crown-like structure formation in epididymal adipose tissue and altered macrophage phenotypes from M1 to M2 in the stromal vascular fraction. Moreover, the EPA-containing diet attenuated increases in adipose p-JNK and phospho-p65 NF-κB levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate that EPA suppresses palmitate-induced inflammation via GPR120 by inhibiting the TAK1/TAB1 interaction in adipocytes. EPA supplementation reduced HFHS diet-induced inflammatory changes in mouse adipose tissues. These results demonstrate adipose GPR120 as a potential therapeutic target for decreasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaka Yamada
- First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503 Japan
| | - Tomio Umemoto
- First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503 Japan
| | - Masafumi Kakei
- First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Momomura
- First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503 Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawakami
- Internal Medicine, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, 2-11-1 Hikarigaoka, Nerima, Tokyo, 179-0072 Japan
| | - San-E Ishikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763 Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503 Japan
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Szollosi DE, Ghoneim OAM, Manzoor MK, Dhuguru J, Edafiogho IO. Novel Piperazino-Enaminones Suppress Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Inhibit Chemokine Receptor CCR2. Inflammation 2017; 39:2053-2061. [PMID: 27614763 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitric oxide are important for the regulation of the immune response when an infection is present, but when overproduced, it can be responsible for the development of tissue and organ injury seen in sepsis, as well as severe asthma, and autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Data from our lab to characterize the novel compound enaminone E121 have suggested that macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release significantly decreased levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as compared to the DMSO control group. Additionally, functional experiments in a mouse model of asthma have shown that E121 is efficacious in decreasing airway hyperresponsiveness. A new set of compounds synthesized in our lab (JODI) have an N-aryl piperazino motif incorporated on the aromatic side of the enaminone pharmacophore. It was hypothesized that this would enhance their immunosuppressive activity as anti-inflammatory agents by also acting as a chemokine receptor antagonist. Our studies suggest that JODI appears to suppress TNF-alpha and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. The JODI compounds were also more effective in reducing TNF-alpha after LPS stimulation when compared to dexamethasone. Lastly, studies using MCP-1 suggest that the JODI compounds, and not E121, are able to block CCR2 signaling as evidenced by decreased total ERK1/2. These studies indicate that E121 and its corresponding piperazino analogs could act as strong anti-inflammatory agents in asthma or other autoimmunities where efficacious therapeutic options are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen E Szollosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA.
| | - Ola A M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA
| | - Mohammed K Manzoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA
| | - Jyothi Dhuguru
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ivan O Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA
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