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Arbitman L, Furie R, Vashistha H. B cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102873. [PMID: 35963808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects women of childbearing age. There is no disease more heterogeneous than SLE as patients experience a myriad of manifestations and unpredictable periods of heightened disease activity. This heterogeneity not only makes it difficult for treatment decisions and prognostication, but has made drug development quite challenging. Despite these challenges, belimumab, voclosporin, and anifromulab, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat SLE or lupus nephritis (LN), enhanced our armamentarium of traditional therapies, such as hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressives. However, there remains a dire need to develop therapies that offer greater efficacy and safety. Patients with SLE produce excessive amounts of autoantibodies and cytokines that result in inflammation and organ damage. While a considerable number of potential drug development targets exist, there has been much attention focused on B cells. Strategies have included direct B cell killing, modulation of B cell function, inhibition of molecules essential to B cell growth and survival, and acceleration of autoantibody clearance, to name just a few. In this article, we review SLE clinical trials evaluating experimental agents that target B cells or plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Arbitman
- Harpur College of Arts and Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Richard Furie
- Division of Rheumatology Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Himanshu Vashistha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA.
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52
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Yi SG, Gaber AO, Chen W. B-cell response in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895157. [PMID: 36016958 PMCID: PMC9395675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of B-cell response to antigen stimulation is complex and involves an intricate network of dynamic signals from cytokines and transcription factors propagated from T-cell interaction. Long-term alloimmunity, in the setting of organ transplantation, is dependent on this B-cell response, which does not appear to be halted by current immunosuppressive regimens which are targeted at T cells. There is emerging evidence that shows that B cells have a diverse response to solid organ transplantation that extends beyond plasma cell antibody production. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic pathways of B-cell activation and differentiation as they relate to the transcriptional regulation of germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells in the setting of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephanie G. Yi,
| | - Ahmed Osama Gaber
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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53
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Thoreau B, Chaigne B, Mouthon L. Role of B-Cell in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933468. [PMID: 35903091 PMCID: PMC9315392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease, characterized by fibrosis, vasculopathy, and autoimmunity. Recent advances have highlighted the significant implications of B-cells in SSc. B-cells are present in affected organs, their subpopulations are disrupted, and they display an activated phenotype, and the regulatory capacities of B-cells are impaired, as illustrated by the decrease in the IL-10+ producing B-cell subpopulation or the inhibitory membrane co-receptor density. Recent multi-omics evidence highlights the role of B-cells mainly in the early stage of SSc and preferentially during severe organ involvement. This dysregulated homeostasis partly explains the synthesis of anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECAs) or anti-fibroblast autoantibodies (AFAs), proinflammatory or profibrotic cytokines (interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β) produced by B and plasma cells. That is associated with cell-to-cell interactions with endothelial cells, fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, and other immune cells, altogether leading to cell activation and proliferation, cell resistance to apoptosis, the impairment of regulatory mechanisms, and causing fibrosis of several organs encountered in the SSc. Finally, alongside these exploratory data, treatments targeting B-cells, through their depletion by cytotoxicity (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody), or the cytokines produced by the B-cell, or their costimulation molecules, seem interesting, probably in certain profiles of early patients with severe organic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thoreau
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin Hospital, AP‐HP, CEDEX 14, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Chaigne
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin Hospital, AP‐HP, CEDEX 14, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin Hospital, AP‐HP, CEDEX 14, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Luc Mouthon,
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54
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Protein and functional isoform levels and genetic variants of the BAFF and APRIL pathway components in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11219. [PMID: 35780200 PMCID: PMC9250527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of an autoimmune disease. Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody targets BAFF, is the only biologic approved for SLE and active lupus nephritis. BAFF is a cytokine with a key-regulatory role in the B cell homeostasis, which acts by binding to three receptors: BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA. TACI and BCMA also bind APRIL. Many studies reported elevated soluble BAFF and APRIL levels in the sera of SLE patients, but other questions about the role of this system in the disease remain open. The study aimed to investigate the utility of the cytokine levels in serum and urine as biomarkers, the role of non-functional isoforms, and the association of gene variants with the disease. This case–control study includes a cohort (women, 18–60 years old) of 100 patients (48% with nephritis) and 100 healthy controls. We used ELISA assays to measure the cytokine concentrations in serum (sBAFF and sAPRIL) and urine (uBAFF and uAPRIL); TaqMan Gene Expression Assays to quantify the relative mRNA expression of ΔBAFF, βAPRIL, and εAPRIL, and next-generation sequencing to genotype the cytokine (TNFSF13 and TNFSF13B) and receptor (TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF17 and TNFRSF13C) genes. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal–Wallis (qualitative variables), the Spearman Rho coefficient (correlations), the Chi-square and SKAT (association of common and rare genetic variants, respectively). As expected, sBAFF and sAPRIL levels were higher in patients than in controls (p ≤ 0.001) but found differences between patient subgroups. sBAFF and sAPRIL significantly correlated only in patients with nephritis (rs = 0.67, p ≤ 0.001) and βAPRIL levels were lower in patients with nephritis (p = 0.04), and ΔBAFF levels were lower in patients with dsDNA antibodies (p = 0.04). Rare variants of TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B and TNFSF13 p.Gly67Arg and TNFRSF13B p.Val220Ala were associated with SLE. Our study supports differences among SLE patient subgroups with diverse clinical features in the BAFF/APRIL pathway. In addition, it suggests the involvement of genetic variants in the susceptibility to the disease.
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Xu P, Shao X, Ou Y, Zhan Y, Ji L, Zhuang X, Li Y, Ma Y, Wu D, Qiao T, Wang X, Chen H, Cheng Y. Neutrophils contribute to elevated
BAFF
levels to modulate adaptive immunity in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia by
CD62P
and
PSGL1
interaction. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 11:e1399. [PMID: 35782911 PMCID: PMC9237625 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xia Shao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yang Ou
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Hematology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yanna Ma
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Institute of Clinical Science Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Institute of Clinical Science Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Xuhui Branch, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Hematology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Institute of Clinical Science Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
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56
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. A MZB Cell Activation Profile Present in the Lacrimal Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice Defined by Global RNA Transcriptomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6106. [PMID: 35682784 PMCID: PMC9181468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular basis for the onset and development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of normal lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading respectively to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. While an overwhelming majority of SS studies in both humans and rodent models have long focused primarily on pathophysiological events and the potential role of T lymphocytes in these events, recent studies in our murine models have indicated that marginal zone B (MZB) lymphocytes are critical for both development and onset of SS disease. Although migration and function of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to track early cellular and molecular events in these exocrine glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. In the present report, genome-wide transcriptome analyses of lacrimal glands indicate that genes and gene-sets temporally upregulated during early onset of disease define the Notch2/NF-kβ14 and Type1 interferon signal transduction pathways, as well as identify chemokines, especially Cxcl13, and Rho-GTPases, including DOCK molecules, in the cellular migration of immune cells to the lacrimal glands. We discuss how the current results compare with our recently published salivary gland data obtained from similar studies carried out in our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, pointing out both similarities and differences in the etiopathogeneses underlying the autoimmune response within the two glands. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to identify temporal molecular bioprocesses activated during the preclinical covert pathogenic stage(s) of SS disease and how these findings may impact future intervention therapies as the disease within the two exocrine glands may not be identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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57
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Kim H, Won BH, Choi JI, Lee I, Lee JH, Park JH, Choi YS, Kim JH, Cho S, Lim JB, Lee BS. BRAK and APRIL as novel biomarkers for ovarian tumors. Biomark Med 2022; 16:717-729. [PMID: 35588310 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate BRAK and APRIL in serum samples from healthy patients and an ovarian tumor group and analyze their effective value as biomarkers. Materials & methods: BRAK and APRIL were measured in 197 serum samples including 34 healthy controls, 48 patients with benign ovarian cysts and 115 patients with ovarian cancer, and the best statistical cutoff values were calculated. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for selected cutoff points were assessed. Results: The healthy control group had statistically significant higher BRAK and lower APRIL than the ovarian tumor group. BRAK was excellent for differentiating healthy patients from patients with ovarian tumors, showing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.983, 98.16% sensitivity and 100% specificity. When BRAK was combined with APRIL and CA-125, it also played a role in distinguishing benign cysts from malignancies with area under the curve 0.864, 81.74% sensitivity and 79.17% specificity. Conclusions: BRAK and APRIL are good candidates for ovarian tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Bo Hee Won
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Inha Lee
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, South Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - SiHyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, South Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Baeck Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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58
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Mubariki R, Vadasz Z. The role of B cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103116. [PMID: 35595053 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
B cells are major players in immune responses being the source of protective antibodies and antigen presenting cells. When self-tolerance fails, auto reactive B cells produce autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Many recent studies have assessed importance of metabolic pathways in B cells, demonstrating their role in controlling autoimmunity and maintaining immune homeostasis. Alterations in B cell functions in autoimmune diseases are closely associated with abnormal metabolic shifts, allowing auto reactive B cells to escape tolerogenic checkpoints. Understanding the metabolic changes in B cells, opens up new possibilities for targeting metabolic pathways and manipulating metabolic avenues as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeda Mubariki
- Division of Allergy and Clinical immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zahava Vadasz
- Division of Allergy and Clinical immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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59
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Hu H, Yang H, Liu Y, Yan B. Pathogenesis of Anti-melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody-Positive Dermatomyositis: A Concise Review With an Emphasis on Type I Interferon System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:833114. [PMID: 35141258 PMCID: PMC8818857 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.833114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) is typically characterized by cutaneous manifestations, amyopathic or hypomyopathic muscle involvement, and a high incidence of rapid progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of this condition has yet to be fully elucidated. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), as the autoantigen target, is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) family. The MDA5 protein can function as a cytosolic sensor that recognizes viral double-strand RNA and then triggers the transcription of genes encoding type I interferon (IFN). Therefore, it was presumed that viruses might trigger the overproduction of type I IFN, thus contributing to the development of MDA5+ DM. Emerging evidence provides further support to this hypothesis: the increased serum IFNα level was detected in the patients with MDA5+ DM, and the type I IFN gene signature was upregulated in both the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the skin tissues from these patients. In particular, RNA sequencing revealed the over-expression of the type I IFN genes in blood vessels from MDA5+ DM patients. In addition, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors achieved the promising therapeutic effects in cases with interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with MDA5+ DM. In this review, we discuss the role of the type I IFN system in the pathogenesis of MDA5+ DM.
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60
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Wu H, Chen S, Li A, Shen K, Wang S, Wang S, Wu P, Luo W, Pan Q. LncRNA Expression Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792884. [PMID: 35003113 PMCID: PMC8732359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common multisystem autoimmune diseases that share, among others, many clinical manifestations and serological features. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been of particular interest in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we aimed to summarize the roles of lncRNAs as emerging novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SLE and RA. We conducted a narrative review summarizing original articles on lncRNAs associated with SLE and RA, published until November 1, 2021. Based on the studies on lncRNA expression profiles in samples (including PBMCs, serum, and exosomes), it was noted that most of the current research is focused on investigating the regulatory mechanisms of these lncRNAs in SLE and/or RA. Several lncRNAs have been hypothesized to play key roles in these diseases. In SLE, lncRNAs such as GAS5, NEAT1, TUG1, linc0949, and linc0597 are dysregulated and may serve as emerging novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In RA, many validated lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, GAS5, and HIX003209, have been identified as promising novel biomarkers for both diagnosis and treatment. The shared lncRNAs, for example, GAS5, may participate in SLE pathogenesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and trigger the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in RA. Here, we summarize the data on key lncRNAs that may drive the pathogenesis of SLE and RA and could potentially serve as emerging novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Aifen Li
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kangyuan Shen
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenying Luo
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Circulating BAFF as novel biomarker in distinguishing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps endotypes and predicting postoperative recurrence. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108515. [PMID: 35008009 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammatory and allergic diseases, but its role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the predictive value of circulating BAFF in CRSwNP endotypes and postoperative recurrence. METHODS We recruited 120 CRSwNP patients, including 68 non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP) patients, 52 eosinophilic CRSwNP (CRSwNP) patients, and 60 healthy controls (HCs). Circulating BAFF levels of all participants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the predictive ability of BAFF levels in distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes. All CRSwNP patients were followed for more than 3 years, and the predictive value of circulating BAFF for postoperative recurrence was evaluated. RESULTS Serum BAFF levels were elevated in CRSwNP patients compared with the HCs (P < 0.01) and significantly higher in eCRSwNP patients. The increased serum BAFF concentrations positively correlated with blood eosinophil counts and percentages, tissue eosinophil counts, and serum total IgE (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that serum BAFF exhibited strong discriminative ability for eCRSwNP. Finally, 99 CRSwNP patients completed the follow-up schedule, 65 patients were classified into non-recurrence group and the other 34 patients were categorized into recurrence group. Serum BAFF levels were significantly higher in recurrence group than non-recurrence group (P < 0.001), and the ROC curve suggested a high predictive value of serum BAFF in predicting postoperative recurrence. Moreover, logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves showed that serum BAFF was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggested that serum BAFF levels were upregulated in CRSwNP patients and correlated with mucosal eosinophil infiltration severity. Serum BAFF seemed to be a novel biomarker for preoperatively distinguishing CRSwNP endotypes and predicting postoperative recurrence.
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Merino-Vico A, van Hamburg JP, Tas SW. B Lineage Cells in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:387. [PMID: 35008813 PMCID: PMC8745114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects small sized blood vessels and can lead to serious complications in the lungs and kidneys. The prominent presence of ANCA autoantibodies in this disease implicates B cells in its pathogenesis, as these are the precursors of the ANCA-producing plasma cells (PCs). Further evidence supporting the potential role of B lineage cells in vasculitis are the increased B cell cytokine levels and the dysregulated B cell populations in patients. Confirmation of the contribution of B cells to pathology arose from the beneficial effect of anti-CD20 therapy (i.e., rituximab) in AAV patients. These anti-CD20 antibodies deplete circulating B cells, which results in amelioration of disease. However, not all patients respond completely, and this treatment does not target PCs, which can maintain ANCA production. Hence, it is important to develop more specific therapies for AAV patients. Intracellular signalling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets as they can show (disease-specific) alterations in certain B lineage cells, including pathogenic B cells, and contribute to differentiation and survival of PCs. Preliminary data on the inhibition of certain signalling molecules downstream of receptors specific for B lineage cells show promising therapeutic effects. In this narrative review, B cell specific receptors and their downstream signalling molecules that may contribute to pathology in AAV are discussed, including the potential to therapeutically target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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B Cells in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Escape from Immune Tolerance and Implications for Patient Management. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413560. [PMID: 34948358 PMCID: PMC8708506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. The pathogenic significance of B cells in MN is increasingly recognized, especially following the discovery of various autoantibodies that target specific podocytic antigens and the promising treatment responses seen with B cell depleting therapies. The presence of autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies that bind to antigens on podocyte surfaces are characteristic features of MN, and are the result of breaches in central and peripheral tolerance of B lymphocytes. These perturbations in B cell tolerance include altered B lymphocyte subsets, dysregulation of genes that govern immunoglobulin production, aberrant somatic hypermutation and co-stimulatory signalling, abnormal expression of B cell-related cytokines, and increased B cell infiltrates and organized tertiary lymphoid structures within the kidneys. An understanding of the role of B cell tolerance and homeostasis may have important implications for patient management in MN, as conventional immunosuppressive treatments and novel B cell-targeted therapies show distinct effects on proliferation, differentiation and reconstitution in different B cell subsets. Circulating B lymphocytes and related cytokines may serve as potential biomarkers for treatment selection, monitoring of therapeutic response and prediction of disease relapse. These recent advances in the understanding of B cell tolerance in MN have provided greater insight into its immunopathogenesis and potential novel strategies for disease monitoring and treatment.
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Alturaiki W, Mubarak A, Mir SA, Afridi A, Premanathan M, Mickymaray S, Vijayakumar R, Alsagaby SA, Almalki SG, Alghofaili F, Alnemare AK, Flanagan BF. Plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL are elevated in patients with asthma in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7455-7459. [PMID: 34867050 PMCID: PMC8626297 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of cytokines and can induce B cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production via interaction with their receptors, including transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). Herein, we assessed the plasma protein levels of BAFF and APRIL in patients with asthma to determine whether their expression is correlated with total IgE production and examined the surface expression of BAFF/APRIL receptors on B cells. Blood samples were collected from 47 patients with controlled asthma symptoms and 20 healthy normal controls, and plasma levels of APRIL, BAFF, and total IgE protein were quantified by corresponding ELISA assays. Furthermore, lymphocytes were isolated and B cells were analyzed for the presence of BAFF-R, BCMA, and TACI receptors using flow cytometry. Our results showed that IgE, BAFF, and APRIL plasma levels were markedly increased in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. Moreover, expression of BAFF-R and BCMA, but not that of TACI, was significantly increased in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. Overall, the findings suggest BAFF and APRIL as key mediators of asthma, and determination of their plasma levels may be useful in monitoring asthma symptoms and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ahmad Mir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzulfi General Hospital, Alzulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Afridi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzulfi General Hospital, Alzulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Premanathan
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Alghofaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad K Alnemare
- Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Flanagan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
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Matsumura Y, Watanabe R, Niijima Y, Kawakita H, Furuta J, Nakamura Y, Ishitsuka Y, Okiyama N, Fujisawa Y, Fujimoto M. Possible activation of effector B cells during drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Dermatology Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Dermatology Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuko Niijima
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haruka Kawakita
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Junichi Furuta
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Dermatology Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | | | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Dermatology Course of Integrated Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
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66
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Xiao F, Zheng L, Zhu X, Wu L, Zhao C, Wang S, Rui K, Zou H, Lu L. B cell-activating factor and its targeted therapy in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mueller AL, Payandeh Z, Mohammadkhani N, Mubarak SMH, Zakeri A, Alagheband Bahrami A, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113017. [PMID: 34831240 PMCID: PMC8616543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Auto-antibodies play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help to make a more efficient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision. Besides auto-antibodies, several other factors are involved in the progression of RA, such as epigenetic alterations, post-translational modifications, glycosylation, autophagy, and T-cells. Understanding the interplay between these factors would contribute to a deeper insight into the causes, mechanisms, progression, and treatment of the disease. In this review, the latest RA research findings are discussed to better understand the pathogenesis, and finally, treatment strategies for RA therapy are presented, including both conventional approaches and new methods that have been developed in recent years or are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran;
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
- Children’s Medical Center, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Shaden M. H. Mubarak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf 1967365271, Iraq;
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran;
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-72624
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68
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Targeted Therapy for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Where are We Now? BioDrugs 2021; 35:593-610. [PMID: 34731460 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterized by dryness symptoms. This review briefly describes recent advances in the targeted therapies for pSS. Biologics evaluated for pSS treatment mainly include B cell-depleting agents, inhibitors of B cell activation, and agents that target co-signaling molecules or proinflammatory cytokines. Small molecule inhibitors that target signaling pathways have also been evaluated. However, current evidence for the efficacy of targeted therapies in pSS is still sparse. Although ianalumab (an anti-B cell-activating factor [BAFF]-receptor antibody) and iscalimab (an anti-CD40 antibody) are promising biologics for pSS, their efficacy still needs to be evaluated in larger clinical trials. For other biologics, clinical trials have found no differences versus placebo in the change from baseline in European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score and fatigue score. Possible causes of the disappointing outcomes mainly include the inefficacy of those evaluated biologics in treating pSS, the high heterogeneous nature of pSS, irreversible exocrine glandular failure at advanced disease stages, inappropriate recruitment strategy in clinical trials, and outcome measures. Early diagnosis and glandular function-centered outcome measures may help to improve the current situation in the systemic therapy of pSS.
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69
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Kuley R, Draves KE, Fuller DH, Giltiay NV, Clark EA, Giordano D. B cell activating factor (BAFF) from neutrophils and dendritic cells is required for protective B cell responses against Salmonella typhimurium infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259158. [PMID: 34705890 PMCID: PMC8550399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking B cells are more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. How B cells contribute to protective immunity against Salmonella and what signals drive their activation are still unclear. Neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in early immune responses to control the initial replication of S. typhimurium. These cells can produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) required for mature B cell survival and may help regulate B cell responses during Salmonella infection. Using BAFF reporter mice (BAFF-RFP+/-), we discovered that an i.p. infection with a virulent strain of S. typhimurium increased BAFF expression in splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and inflammatory Ly6Chi MOs/DCs four days post-infection. S. typhimurium infection induced the release of BAFF from Nphs, a decrease of BAFF-RFP expression and expansion of BAFF-RFP+ Nphs in the spleen and peritoneal cavity. After S. typhimurium infection, serum BAFF levels and immature and mature B cell subsets and plasma cells increased substantially. Conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking BAFF in either Nphs or cDCs compared to control Bafffl/fl mice had reduced up-regulation of systemic BAFF levels and reduced expansion of mature and germinal center B cell subsets after infection. Importantly, the cKO mice lacking BAFF from either Nphs or cDCs had impaired induction of Salmonella-specific IgM Abs, and were more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. Thus, Nphs and cDCs are major cellular sources of BAFF driving B cell responses, required for mounting optimal protective immunity against lethal Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RK); (DG)
| | - Kevin E. Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Natalia V. Giltiay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RK); (DG)
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70
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Abnormalities of bone marrow B cells and plasma cells in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4087-4101. [PMID: 34507351 PMCID: PMC8945629 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disrupted B-cell subsets and compromised immunosuppressive function of regulatory B cells are found in the BM of patients with ITP. The abnormally expressed cytokines and their receptors on B cells contribute to the imbalance of BM B-cell subpopulations in ITP.
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoantibody-mediated hemorrhagic disorder in which B cells play an essential role. Previous studies have focused on peripheral blood (PB), but B cells in bone marrow (BM) have not been well characterized. We aimed to explore the profile of B-cell subsets and their cytokine environments in the BM of patients with ITP to further clarify the pathogenesis of the disease. B-cell subpopulations and their cytokine/chemokine receptors were detected by using flow cytometry. Plasma concentrations of cytokines/chemokines were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Messenger RNA levels of B cell–related transcription factors were determined by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Regulatory B cell (Breg) function was assessed by quantifying their inhibitory effects on monocytes and T cells in vitro. Decreased proportions of total B cells, naive B cells, and defective Bregs were observed in patients with ITP compared with healthy controls (HCs), whereas an elevated frequency of long-lived plasma cells was found in BM of autoantibody-positive patients. No statistical difference was observed in plasmablasts or in short-lived plasma cells between patients with ITP and HCs. The immunosuppressive capacity of BM Bregs from patients with ITP was considerably weaker than HCs. An in vivo study using an active ITP murine model revealed that Breg transfusion could significantly alleviate thrombocytopenia. Moreover, overactivation of CXCL13-CXCR5 and BAFF/APRIL systems were found in ITP patient BM. Taken together, B-cell subsets in BM were skewed toward a proinflammatory profile in patients with ITP, suggesting the involvement of dysregulated BM B cells in the development of the disease.
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71
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Chang CM, Wu PC, Lin JR, Jan Wu YJ, Luo SF, Hsue YT, Lan JL, Pan TL, Wu YT, Yu KH, Wei YH, Chang HH. Herbal Formula SS-1 Increases Tear Secretion for Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645437. [PMID: 34630072 PMCID: PMC8498214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands, leading to glandular dysfunction. The hallmark symptoms of SS are dry eyes and mouth, compromising the quality of life of patients and decreasing their capacity to perform their daily activities. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the herbal formula SS-1 for its potential therapeutic benefits for patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Materials and Methods: The bioactivity profile of SS-1 was determined using four different SS-1 concentrations across 12 human primary cell systems of the BioMAP profile. After that, a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 57 patients treated with SS-1 for 28 weeks. Results: Biologically multiplexed activity profiling in cell-based models indicated that SS-1 exerted anti-proliferative activity in B cells and promoted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. In the clinical trial, Schirmer’s test results revealed significant improvements in both eyes, with increases of 3.42 mm (95% CI, 2.44–4.41 mm) and 3.45 mm (95% CI, 2.32–4.59 mm), respectively, and a significant reduction in artificial tear use, which was −1.38 times/day, 95% CI, −1.95 to −0.81 times/day. Moreover, the increases in B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) levels were dampened by 53.20% (295.29 versus 555.02 pg/ml) and 58.33% (99.16 versus 169.99 pg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: SS-1 treatment significantly inhibited B-cell maturation antigen. No serious drug-related adverse effects were observed. Oral SS-1 administration may be a complementary treatment for Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Hsue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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72
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Czaja AJ. Review article: targeting the B cell activation system in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:902-922. [PMID: 34506662 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell activation system, consisting of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand, may have pathogenic effects in autoimmune hepatitis. AIMS To describe the biological actions of the B cell activation system, indicate its possible role in autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its prospects as a therapeutic target in autoimmune hepatitis METHODS: English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS The B cell activating factor is crucial for the maturation and survival of B cells, and it can co-stimulate T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. It can also modulate the immune response by inducing interleukin 10 production by regulatory B cells. A proliferation-inducing ligand modulates and diversifies the antibody response by inducing class-switch recombination in B cells. It can also increase the proliferation, survival, and antigen activation of T cells. These immune stimulatory actions can be modulated by inducing proliferation of regulatory T cells. The B cell activation system has been implicated in diverse autoimmune diseases, and therapeutic blockade is a management strategy now being evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS The B cell activation system has profound effects on B and T cell function in autoimmune diseases. Blockade therapy is being actively evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. Clarification of the critical pathogenic components of the B cell activation system will improve the targeting, efficacy, and safety of blockade therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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73
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Chen BM, Cheng TL, Roffler SR. Polyethylene Glycol Immunogenicity: Theoretical, Clinical, and Practical Aspects of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol Antibodies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14022-14048. [PMID: 34469112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a flexible, hydrophilic simple polymer that is physically attached to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, liposomes, and nanoparticles to reduce renal clearance, block antibody and protein binding sites, and enhance the half-life and efficacy of therapeutic molecules. Some naïve individuals have pre-existing antibodies that can bind to PEG, and some PEG-modified compounds induce additional antibodies against PEG, which can adversely impact drug efficacy and safety. Here we provide a framework to better understand PEG immunogenicity and how antibodies against PEG affect pegylated drug and nanoparticles. Analysis of published studies reveals rules for predicting accelerated blood clearance of pegylated medicine and therapeutic liposomes. Experimental studies of anti-PEG antibody binding to different forms, sizes, and immobilization states of PEG are also provided. The widespread use of SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccines that incorporate PEG in lipid nanoparticles make understanding possible effects of anti-PEG antibodies on pegylated medicines even more critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Engh JA, Ueland T, Agartz I, Andreou D, Aukrust P, Boye B, Bøen E, Drange OK, Elvsåshagen T, Hope S, Høegh MC, Joa I, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Lagerberg TV, Lekva T, Malt UF, Melle I, Morken G, Nærland T, Steen VM, Wedervang-Resell K, Weibell MA, Westlye LT, Djurovic S, Steen NE, Andreassen OA. Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:37-46. [PMID: 34499169 PMCID: PMC8781325 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis (SCZ), bipolar spectrum disorder (BIP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The cytokines B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Abnormal levels of BAFF and APRIL have been found in autoimmune diseases with CNS affection. METHODS We investigated if plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL differed between patients with SCZ, BIP, and MDD with psychotic symptoms (n = 2009) and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 1212), and tested for associations with psychotic symptom load, controlling for sociodemographic status, antipsychotic and other psychotropic medication, smoking, body-mass-index, and high sensitivity CRP. RESULTS Plasma APRIL level was significantly lower across all patient groups compared to HC (P < .001; Cohen's d = 0.33), and in SCZ compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.28) and in BIP compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.37). Lower plasma APRIL was associated with higher psychotic symptom load with nominal significance (P = .017), but not with any other clinical characteristics. Plasma BAFF was not significantly different across patient groups vs HC, but significantly higher in BIP compared to HC (P = .040; d = 0.12) and SCZ (P = .027; d = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS These results show aberrant levels of BAFF and APRIL and association with psychotic symptoms in patients with SCZ and BIP. This suggest that dysregulation of the TNF system, mediated by BAFF and APRIL, is involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abel Engh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Vestfold Hospital Trust, Division of Mental health and Addiction, Tønsberg, Norway,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway; tel: 023-02-73-50 (022-11-78-43 dir), fax: 023-02-73-33,
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Troms, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Neuro Habilitation, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margrethe Collier Høegh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Nærland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oslo, Norway,Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melissa Auten Weibell
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Tjelta Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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75
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Sturm N, Quinterot M, Guyot JP, Righini C, Daamen WF, van Kuppevelt TH, Huard B. Polarized Secretion of APRIL by the Tonsil Epithelium Upon Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715724. [PMID: 34484218 PMCID: PMC8416415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mucosa such as tonsil, antibody-producing plasmocytes (PCs) lie in sub-epithelium space, which is thought to provide a suitable environment for their survival. A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) is one key survival factor for PCs present in this area. According to in situ staining, apical epithelial cells produced APRIL, and the secreted product had to migrate all through the stratified surface epithelium to reach basal cells. A similar process also occurred in the less-organized crypt epithelium. Tonsil epithelial cells captured secreted APRIL, thanks to their surface expression of the APRIL coreceptor, either syndecan-1 or -4 depending on their differentiation stage. In the most basal epithelial cells, secreted APRIL accumulated inside secretory lamp-1+ vesicles in a polarized manner, facing the sub-epithelium. The tonsil epithelium upregulated APRIL production by apical cells and secretion by basal cells upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated epithelial cells sustained in vitro PC survival in a secreted APRIL-dependent manner. Taken together, our study shows that the tonsil epithelium responds to pathogen sensing by a polarized secretion of APRIL in the sub-epithelial space, wherein PCs reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sturm
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5525, La Tronche, France
| | - Melanie Quinterot
- Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5525, La Tronche, France
| | | | | | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5525, La Tronche, France
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76
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Yang M, Yi P, Jiang J, Zhao M, Wu H, Lu Q. Dysregulated translational factors and epigenetic regulations orchestrate in B cells contributing to autoimmune diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:1-25. [PMID: 34445929 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1964498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a crucial role in antigen presentation, antibody production and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in adaptive immunity. Several translational factors including transcription factors and cytokines participate in the regulation of B cell development, with the cooperation of epigenetic regulations. Autoimmune diseases are generally characterized with autoreactive B cells and high-level pathogenic autoantibodies. The success of B cell depletion therapy in mouse model and clinical trials has proven the role of B cells in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The failure of B cell tolerance in immune checkpoints results in accumulated autoreactive naïve B (BN) cells with aberrant B cell receptor signaling and dysregulated B cell response, contributing to self-antibody-mediated autoimmune reaction. Dysregulation of translational factors and epigenetic alterations in B cells has been demonstrated to correlate with aberrant B cell compartment in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and pemphigus. This review is intended to summarize the interaction of translational factors and epigenetic regulations that are involved with development and differentiation of B cells, and the mechanism of dysregulation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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77
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Brummer T, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Zipp F, Bittner S. Treatment approaches to patients with multiple sclerosis and coexisting autoimmune disorders. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211035542. [PMID: 34457039 PMCID: PMC8388232 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211035542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decades have yielded major therapeutic advances in many autoimmune conditions - such as multiple sclerosis (MS) - and thus ushered in a new era of more targeted and increasingly potent immunotherapies. Yet this growing arsenal of therapeutic immune interventions has also rendered therapy much more challenging for the attending physician, especially when treating patients with more than one autoimmune condition. Importantly, some therapeutic strategies are either approved for several autoimmune disorders or may be repurposed for other conditions, therefore opening new curative possibilities in related fields. In this article, we especially focus on frequent and therapeutically relevant concomitant autoimmune conditions faced by neurologists when treating patients with MS, namely psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. We provide an overview of the available disease-modifying therapies, highlight possible contraindications, show pathophysiological overlaps and finally present which therapeutics can be utilized as a combinatory treatment, in order to 'kill two birds with one stone'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brummer
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz 55131, Germany
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78
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Dias JP, Haberlen SA, Dobs AS, Lake JE, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Price JC, Basaria S, Varadhan R, Margolick JB, Thio CL, Brown TT. Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Men With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:1178-1186. [PMID: 33990494 PMCID: PMC8263509 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that regulates sex hormone bioavailability and increases with age in the general population. SHBG concentrations are higher in people with HIV, a population in whom accelerated aging has been hypothesized. It is unclear whether longitudinal changes in SHBG increase over time and differ by HIV serostatus. METHODS In a longitudinal study, SHBG was measured in 182 men with HIV (MWH) and 267 men without HIV (seronegative) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and matched for age, race, site, and time, with ≥2 SHBG serum samples over the 10 years after HAART initiation. Multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate whether log-transformed SHBG [ln(SHBG)] and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus. RESULTS At baseline, the mean age in MWH was similar to that in HIV-seronegative men (51 ± 5 vs 49 ± 6 years). However, SHBG mean values were higher in MWH compared with those in HIV-seronegative men (65.6 ± 48.8 vs. 45.4 ± 22 nmol/L, P < 0.001). In a fully adjusted model, SHBG increased over time and at a faster rate in MWH compared with that in HIV-seronegative men: [2.0%/year (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.7) vs 1.3%/year (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.8), respectively, P = 0.038]. Among MWH, higher SHBG concentrations were significantly associated with lower CD4+ T-cell count [β= -0.02 (95% CI: -0.03 to -0.0002), P < 0.05], fewer cumulative years on zidovudine [β = -0.027 (95% CI: -0.045 to -0.009), P < 0.001], and greater cumulative years on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drugs [β = 0.022 (95% CI: 0.0006 to 0.04), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Aging-related increases in SHBG were faster in MWH compared with those in HIV-seronegative men and were related to poorer immunologic status and antiretroviral medication exposure. The mechanisms and consequences of these findings require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pena Dias
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian S. Dobs
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank J. Palella
- Division of Infectious Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lawrence A. Kingsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Section on Men’s Health, Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Department of Oncology; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph B. Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Todd T. Brown
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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79
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B-cell activating factor BAFF as a novel alert marker for the immunological risk stratification after kidney transplantation. Immunol Res 2021; 69:487-495. [PMID: 34373996 PMCID: PMC8580904 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor BAFF has gained importance in the context of kidney transplantation due to its role in B cell survival. Studies have shown that BAFF correlates with an increased incidence of antibody-mediated rejection and the development of donor-specific antibodies. In this study, we analyzed a defined cohort of kidney transplant recipients who were treated with standardized immunosuppressive regimens according to their immunological risk profile. The aim was to add BAFF as an awareness marker in the course after transplantation to consider patient’s individual immunological risk profile. Included patients were transplanted between 2016 and 2018. Baseline data, graft function, the occurrence of rejection episodes, signs of microvascular infiltration, and DSA kinetics were recorded over 3 years. BAFF levels were determined 14 d, 3 and 12 months post transplantation. Although no difference in graft function could be observed, medium-risk patients showed a clear dynamic in their BAFF levels with low levels shortly after transplantation and an increase in values of 123% over the course of 1 year. Patients with high BAFF values were more susceptible to rejection, especially antibody-mediated rejection and displayed intensified microvascular inflammation; the combination of high BAFF + DSA puts patients at risk. The changing BAFF kinetics of the medium risk group as well as the increased occurrence of rejections at high BAFF values enables BAFF to be seen as an awareness factor. To compensate the changing immunological risk, a switch from a weaker induction therapy to an intensified maintenance therapy is required.
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80
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Sevdali E, Block Saldana V, Speletas M, Eibel H. BAFF receptor polymorphisms and deficiency in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:103-110. [PMID: 34311146 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is a member of the TNF-receptor family. It is expressed only by B cells and binds BAFF as single ligand, which activates key signaling pathways regulating essential cellular functions, including survival, protein synthesis, and metabolic fitness. In humans, BAFFR deficiency interrupts B cell development at the transition from immature to mature B cells and causes B lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired humoral immune responses. Polymorphisms in TNFRSF13C gene affecting BAFFR oligomerization and signaling have been described in patients with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and B cell lymphomas. Despite a uniform expression pattern of BAFFR in peripheral mature B cells, depletion of BAFF with neutralizing antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not affect the survival of switched memory B cells. These findings imply a distinct dependency of mature B cell subsets on BAFF/BAFFR interaction and highlight the contribution of BAFFR-derived signals in peripheral B cell development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Block Saldana
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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81
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Antibody microarray analysis of the amniotic fluid proteome for predicting the outcome of rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229104. [PMID: 34195783 PMCID: PMC8255534 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the biomarkers that can identify patient candidates suitable for rescue cerclage procedure. The purpose of the study was to identify novel biomarkers in amniotic fluid (AF) that can predict the outcome of rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency by using an antibody microarray. This case–control study was conducted using AF samples collected from singleton pregnant women who underwent rescue cerclage following a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency (19–25 weeks). Patients were divided into case (n=20) and control (n=20) groups based on the occurrence of spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) at <34 weeks of gestation after cerclage placement. The AF proteomes were analyzed using an antibody microarray for biomarker discovery work. Ten candidate biomarkers of interest were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-one molecules studied showed significant intergroup differences (≥two-fold change in signal intensity). Validation by ELISA confirmed significantly higher levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 complex (S100 A8/A9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in women who had SPTD at <34 weeks. Of these, AF S100 A8/A9 and TIMP-1 levels were independent of other potentially confounding factors (e.g., cervical dilatation). S100 A8/A9 had the highest area under the curve (AUC) at 0.857. Using protein–antibody microarray technology, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and several novel biomarkers (APRIL, IL-8, MIP-1α, S100 A8/A9, and TIMP-1) in AF from women who had SPTB at <34 weeks after cerclage for cervical insufficiency. These data can provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying SPTD after rescue cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency.
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82
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Pavletič M, Korva M, Knap N, Bogovič P, Lusa L, Strle K, Nahtigal Klevišar M, Vovko T, Tomažič J, Lotrič-Furlan S, Strle F, Avšič-Županc T. Upregulated Intrathecal Expression of VEGF-A and Long Lasting Global Upregulation of Proinflammatory Immune Mediators in Vaccine Breakthrough Tick-Borne Encephalitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:696337. [PMID: 34277474 PMCID: PMC8281926 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-TBE vaccines are highly effective, vaccine breakthrough (VBT) cases have been reported. With increasing evidence for immune system involvement in TBE pathogenesis, we characterized the immune mediators reflecting innate and adaptive T and B cell responses in neurological and convalescent phase in VBT TBE patients. At the beginning of the neurological phase, VBT patients have significantly higher serum levels of several innate and adaptive inflammatory cytokines compared to healthy donors, reflecting a global inflammatory state. The majority of cytokines, particularly those associated with innate and Th1 responses, are highly concentrated in CSF and positively correlate with intrathecal immune cell counts, demonstrating the localization of Th1 and proinflammatory responses in CNS, the site of disease in TBE. Interestingly, compared to unvaccinated TBE patients, VBT TBE patients have significantly higher CSF levels of VEGF-A and IFN-β and higher systemic levels of neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8/CXCL8 and GROα/CXCL1 on admission. Moreover, serum levels of IL-8/CXCL8 and GROα/CXCL1 remain elevated for two months after the onset of neurological symptoms, indicating a prolonged systemic immune activation in VBT patients. These findings provide the first insights into the type of immune responses and their dynamics during TBE in VBT patients. An observed systemic upregulation of neutrophil derived inflammation in acute and convalescent phase of TBE together with highly expressed VEGF-A could contribute to BBB disruption that facilitates the entry of immune cells and supports the intrathecal localization of Th1 responses observed in VBT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Pavletič
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Misa Korva
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Knap
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Bogovič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lara Lusa
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State (NYS) Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | | | - Tomaž Vovko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Tomažič
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanka Lotrič-Furlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Strle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Laboratory for Diagnostic of Zoonoses and World Health Organization (WHO) Center, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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83
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Lin Y, Yao X, Yan M, Zhou L, Huang W, Xiao Y, Wu D, Chen J. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics to identify hub genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1831-1845. [PMID: 34145926 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome is a clinical challenge. Gene expression profile analysis and comprehensive network methods for complex diseases can provide insight into molecular characteristics in the clinical context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the pSS patients and the controls by the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. We explored DEGs' potential function using gene function annotation and PPI network analysis. RESULTS GSE23117 GSE40611 GSE80805 and GSE127952were included, including 38 patients and 30 controls. The RRA integrated analysis determined 294 significant DEGs (241 upregulated and 53 downregulated), and the most significant gene aberrantly expressed in SS was CXCL9 (p = 6.39E-15), followed by CXCL13 (p = 1.53E-13). Immune response (GO:0006955; p = 4.29E-32) was the most significantly enriched biological process in GO (gene ontology) analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060; p = 6.46E-10) and chemokine signaling pathway (hsa04062; p = 9.54E-09) were significantly enriched. We defined PTPRC, CD86, and LCP2 as the hub genes based on the PPI results. CONCLUSION Our integrated analysis identified gene signatures and helped understand molecular changes in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjun Xiao
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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84
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Seikrit C, Rauen T, Stamellou E, Floege J. Precision medicine in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: still a journey ahead. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:24-30. [PMID: 34153983 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide and since its first description extensive research has identified a number of key central pathogenetic contributors, including genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Along with its multifaceted pathophysiology, the clinical presentation of IgAN varies, ranging from mild forms with only minor urinary findings and preserved renal function to cases that rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease. Because of this, early identification of patients at risk for a progressive course is urgently needed. The search for valid and easily accessible biomarkers showed urinary Dickkopf-3 as a promising candidate to predict the course of kidney function. In addition, a recently established IgAN risk prediction tool derived from an international cohort of IgAN patients allows estimation of the risk of a 50% loss of kidney function over several years upon diagnosis. This might serve as a significant tool to individually predict the course of renal function by combining biometric, clinical, histological and treatment information at the time of diagnosis. Today there is no doubt that a comprehensive supportive treatment regimen is the main pillar for all IgAN patients. The value of an additional immunosuppressive treatment in IgAN patients at risk for disease progression is less clear. Early risk stratification and individualized therapies would be desirable for IgAN patients to facilitate the choice of treatment strategies, which is still a matter of ongoing discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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85
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Prieto-Peña D, Genre F, Remuzgo-Martínez S, Pulito-Cueto V, Atienza-Mateo B, Llorca J, Sevilla-Pérez B, Ortego-Centeno N, Lera-Gómez L, Leonardo MT, Peñalba A, Narváez J, Martín-Penagos L, Rodrigo E, Miranda-Filloy JA, Caminal-Montero L, Collado P, Pérez JS, de Argila D, Rubio E, Luque ML, Blanco-Madrigal JM, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, Gualillo O, Martín J, Castañeda S, Blanco R, González-Gay MA, López-Mejías R. BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR on the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11510. [PMID: 34075170 PMCID: PMC8169776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BAFF, APRIL and BAFF-R are key proteins involved in the development of B-lymphocytes and autoimmunity. Additionally, BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR polymorphisms were associated with immune-mediated conditions, being BAFF GCTGT>A a shared insertion-deletion genetic variant for several autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, we assessed whether BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR represent novel genetic risk factors for Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), a predominantly B-lymphocyte inflammatory condition. BAFF rs374039502, which colocalizes with BAFF GCTGT>A, and two tag variants within APRIL (rs11552708 and rs6608) and BAFFR (rs7290134 and rs77874543) were genotyped in 386 Caucasian IgAV patients and 806 matched healthy controls. No genotypes or alleles differences were observed between IgAV patients and controls when BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR variants were analysed independently. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of BAFF, APRIL or BAFFR when IgAV patients were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal (GI) or renal manifestations. Similar results were disclosed when APRIL and BAFFR haplotypes were compared between IgAV patients and controls and between IgAV patients stratified according to the clinical characteristics mentioned above. Our results suggest that BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR do not contribute to the genetic network underlying IgAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Prieto-Peña
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernanda Genre
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Remuzgo-Martínez
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Pulito-Cueto
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Belén Atienza-Mateo
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.,`López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Epidemiology and Computational Biology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Leticia Lera-Gómez
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - María Teresa Leonardo
- Division of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Peñalba
- Division of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Narváez
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Martín-Penagos
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL-REDINREN, Santander, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodrigo
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL-REDINREN, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Luis Caminal-Montero
- Internal Medicine Dept, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paz Collado
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego de Argila
- Division of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Rubio
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel León Luque
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', CSIC, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A González-Gay
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raquel López-Mejías
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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86
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Isho B, Florescu A, Wang AA, Gommerman JL. Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:119-137. [PMID: 34046908 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is produced in large quantities at mucosal surfaces by IgA+ plasma cells (PC), protecting the host from pathogens, and restricting commensal access to the subepithelium. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that IgA+ PC are not constrained to mucosal barrier sites. Rather, IgA+ PC may leave these sites where they provide both host defense and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will outline how IgA+ PC are generated within the mucosae and how they subsequently migrate to their "classical" effector site, the gut lamina propria. From there we provide examples of IgA+ PC displacement from the gut to other parts of the body, referencing examples during homeostasis and inflammation. Lastly, we will speculate on mechanisms of IgA+ PC displacement to other tissues. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on how IgA+ PC are truly fantastic beasts of the immune system and identify new places to find them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baweleta Isho
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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87
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Elsner RA, Shlomchik MJ. Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity. Immunity 2021; 53:1136-1150. [PMID: 33326765 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses. Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF sites, followed by GC producing somatically mutated memory B cells (MBC) and long-lived plasma cells. However, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity maturation can take place at both sites, and a substantial fraction of MBC are produced prior to GC formation. Infection responses range from GC responses that persist for months to persistent EF responses with dominant suppression of GCs. Here, we review the current understanding of the functional output of EF and GC responses and the molecular switches promoting them. We discuss the signals that regulate the magnitude and duration of these responses, and outline gaps in knowledge and important areas of inquiry. Understanding such molecular switches will be critical for vaccine development, interpretation of vaccine efficacy and the treatment for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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88
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Li XY, Duan HJ, Liu XY, Deng XL. Change of serum B-cell activating factor level in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and its significance. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2287-2294. [PMID: 32842014 PMCID: PMC7546878 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is vital for B cell survival. Serum BAFF levels are elevated in thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, but little is known about levels in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and previous adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). We aimed to analyze serum BAFF concentrations of these patients in early pregnancy along with different pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Thirty-six pregnant patients positive for aPLs and previous APOs (patient group), 25 healthy pregnant females (HP group) and 35 healthy non-pregnant females (HNP group) from the Peking University Third Hospital, between October 2018 and March 2019, were enrolled in this study. Serum of HNP and serum of patients as well as HP in the first gestational trimester were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure serum BAFF and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) concentrations. Cytometric bead array analysis was used to measure serum concentrations of cytokines. The patient group was further divided into APOs and non-APOs (NAPOs) group, fetal loss and live birth group according to pregnancy outcomes. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess significance between and within groups. Spearman rank-order was used to evaluate correlation coefficients between BAFF and related cytokines. Results: The serum BAFF level in HP group was significantly lower than HNP group (245.24 [218.80, 265.90] vs. 326.94 [267.31, 414.80] pg/mL, Z = −3.966, P < 0.001). The BAFF level was obviously elevated in patient group compared to that in HP group (307.77 [219.86, 415.65] vs. 245.24 [218.80, 265.90] pg/mL, Z = −2.464, P = 0.013). BAFF levels in APOs group tended to be higher than that in NAPOs group (416.52 [307.07, 511.12] vs. 259.37 [203.59, 375.81] pg/mL, Z = −2.718, P = 0.006). Compared to HP group, concentrations of IFN-α, interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor were higher in patient group (33.37 [18.85, 48.12] vs. 13.10 [6.85, 25.47] pg/mL, Z = −2.023, P = 0.043; 39.16 [4.41, 195.87] vs. 3.37 [2.92, 3.90] pg/mL, Z = −3.650, P < 0.001; 8.23 [2.27, 64.46] vs. 1.53 [1.25, 2.31] pg/mL, Z = −3.604, P < 0.001, respectively). Serum BAFF levels had a positive correlation with the concentrations of both IL-6 and IL-10 (IL-6: r = 0.525, P = 0.002; IL-10: r = 0.438, P = 0.012). Conclusions: Serum BAFF levels are increased in patients with positive aPLs and previous APOs as compared to healthy pregnant females and tend to be higher in individuals with current APOs. The BAFF levels have a positive correlation with serum IL-6 and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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89
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Fodor I, Serban O, Serban DE, Farcau D, Man SC, Dumitrascu DL. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1798-1803. [PMID: 32937648 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the inflammation is important in the follow-up of paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aim to evaluate the value of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) in paediatric IBD as a potential biomarker for follow-up. METHOD We determined BAFF in serum and faeces and faecal calprotectin (CP) in 32 IBD children-16 Crohn's disease (CD) and 16 ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-six healthy children and 10 children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were included as controls. RESULTS No differences were found in serum BAFF between IBD, IBS, and healthy group: 1037.35, 990.9 and 979.8 pg/ml, respectively, all p > 0.05, but faecal BAFF was higher in the IBD group: 15.1, 8.5 and 8.2 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.05, and higher in the UC group (55.975 pg/ml) compared to the CD group (10.95 pg/ml), p = 0.015. Splitting the IBD group in relation to the CP level, the serum BAFF had no significantly different values between the subgroups, but the faecal BAFF was significantly higher in the >250 μg/g subgroup. Cut-off values of BAFF were calculated. CONCLUSION Faecal BAFF is a promising marker for monitoring the children with IBD, higher levels of BAFF being correlated with high CP. IMPACT Faecal BAFF is a promising marker in monitoring the children with IBD, higher levels of BAFF being correlated with high faecal calprotectin. To our knowledge, this is the first paediatric study concerning BAFF evaluation in IBD. Faecal BAFF levels could be considered a potential non-invasive marker in monitoring IBD activity in paediatric population with clinically mild or inactive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Fodor
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Serban
- 2nd Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela E Serban
- 2nd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Farcau
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin Claudiu Man
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Lucian Dumitrascu
- 2nd Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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90
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Wang X, Huang J, Zhang A, Fang C, Ma Q, Jiang P. Altered expression profile of BAFF receptors on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in Graves' disease. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33926416 PMCID: PMC8082831 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) is a growth factor regulating B lymphocytes survival and maturation. Serum BAFF levels were elevated in patients affected with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The aim of this study is to explore the association of expression levels of BAFF and its receptors with AITD. METHODS Fifty-two GD patients, 39 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Serum BAFF levels were measured by ELISA. Expression of BAFF receptors, including BAFF receptor 3 (BR3) and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), on B lymphocytes were analyzed by flowcytometry. Effects of steroids on serum BAFF levels and expression of BR3 and TACI were also observed in 10 patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) receiving steroids therapy. RESULTS Serum BAFF levels were significantly elevated from 0.93 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HC to 1.18 ± 0.33 ng/ml in GD (P = 0.0027) and 1.02 ± 0.24 ng/ml in HT (P = 0.0331). BR3 expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were elevated in GD (mean MFI: 4.52 ± 2.06 in GD vs. 3.00 ± 0.87 in HC, P = 0.0015), while TACI expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were decreased in GD without significance (mean MFI: 7.96 ± 4.06 in GD vs. 9.10 ± 3.37 in HC, P = 0.1285). Expression of BR3 and TACI was not changed significantly in HT patients. Steroids significantly suppressed serum BAFF concentrations (from 1.18 ± 0.27 ng/ml to 0.97 ± 0.10 ng/ml, P = 0.0364) and BR3 expression in GO patients (mean MFI from 6.26 ± 4.91 to 4.05 ± 1.58, P = 0.0083). CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of BAFF and its receptor may mediate the autoimmunity in GD. Restoring the normal expression profile of receptors for BAFF could be a new strategy to treat GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM/the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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91
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Wallden M, Nijs J. Applying the understanding of central sensitization in practice. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 27:723-730. [PMID: 34391313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium; Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, University of Gothenburg Center for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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92
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Li G, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Shen H, Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Ding W, Han S, Zhou J, Ou R, Luo M, Liu S. TriBAFF-CAR-T cells eliminate B-cell malignancies with BAFFR-expression and CD19 antigen loss. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:223. [PMID: 33865370 PMCID: PMC8052726 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of TriBAFF-CAR-T cells on hematological tumor cells. Methods TriBAFF-CAR-T and CD19-CAR-T cells were co-cultured with BAFFR-bearing B-cell malignancies at different effector/target ratios to evaluate the anti-tumor effects. In vivo, TriBAFF-CAR-T and CD19-CAR-T cells were intravenously injected into Raji-luciferase xenograft mice. CD19 antigens losing lymphoblasts was simulated by Raji knocking out CD19 (CD19KO) to investigate the effect of TriBAFF-CAR-T cells on CD19KO Raji. Results Both TriBAFF-CAR-T and CD19-CAR-T cells significantly induced the lysis of Raji, BALL-1, and Jeko-1. Moreover, when CD19-CAR-T cells specifically caused the lysis of K562 with overexpressed CD19, the lethal effect of TriBAFF-CAR-T cells was also specific for BAFFR-bearing K562 with increasing levels of interleukin-2 and INF-γ. The TriBAFF-CAR-T have the same effect with CD19-CAR-T cells in treating Raji xenofraft mice. TriBAFF-CAR-T cells also have great effect in CD19KO Raji cells. Conclusions In this study, we successfully constructed novel TriBAFF-CAR-T cells to eliminate BAFFR-bearing and CD19 antigen loss in hematological tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China.,Guangzhou Bio-gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510530, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China
| | - Yangmin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Guangzhou Bio-gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510530, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Guangzhou Bio-gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510530, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210002, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan Province, 618000, China
| | - Ruiming Ou
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China. .,Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China. .,Guangzhou Bio-gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510530, China. .,Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China. .,Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510317, China.
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Guiteras J, Ripoll É, Bolaños N, De Ramon L, Fontova P, Lloberas N, Cruzado JM, Aràn JM, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Gomà M, Taco R, Grinyó JM, Torras J. The gene silencing of IRF5 and BLYSS effectively modulates the outcome of experimental lupus nephritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:807-821. [PMID: 33996261 PMCID: PMC8105598 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a highly complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease mostly mediated by B cells. It is characterized by circulating self-reactive antibodies that deposit and form immune complexes in kidney, leading to irreparable tissue damage and resulting in lupus nephritis. In a New Zealand Black X New Zealand White F1 mouse model, we tested two different small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing treatments against interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and B cell-activating factor (BLYSS) expression and their combination in a second set of animals. The administration of these two siRNAs separately prevented the progression of proteinuria and albuminuria at similar levels to that in cyclophosphamide animals. These treatments effectively resulted in a reduction of serum anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and histopathological renal score compared with non-treated group. Treated groups showed macrophage, T cell, and B cell infiltrate reduction in renal tissue. Moreover, kidney gene expression analysis revealed that siRNA treatments modulated very few pathways in contrast to cyclophosphamide, despite showing similar therapeutic effects. Additionally, the combined therapy tested in a second set of animals, in which the disease appeared more virulent, exhibited better results than monotherapies in the disease progression, delaying the disease onset and ameliorating the disease outcome. Herein, we provide the potential therapeutic effect of both selective IRF5 and BLYSS silencing as an effective and potential treatment, particularly in early phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guiteras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Élia Ripoll
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bolaños
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura De Ramon
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fontova
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Lloberas
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Aràn
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER-BBN, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER-BBN, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Gomà
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Taco
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Grinyó
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author: Juan Torras, Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, University of Barcelona and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Hirose M, Arai T, Sugimoto C, Takimoto T, Sugawara R, Minomo S, Shintani S, Takeuchi N, Katayama K, Inoue Y, Kagawa T, Kasai T, Akira M, Inoue Y. B cell-activating factors in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:115. [PMID: 33653382 PMCID: PMC7923513 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) results from the suppression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling by a neutralizing autoantibody against GM-CSF. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are involved in immunoglobulin G production and are overproduced in various autoimmune disorders. We hypothesized that BAFF and/or APRIL levels would be elevated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum and BALF levels of BAFF and APRIL respond to the treatments (whole lung lavage (WLL) or inhalation of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) in patients with APAP. Subjects and methods
BAFF and APRIL levels in serum and BALF from 110 patients with APAP were measured at baseline and during and after treatment, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. We enrolled 34 healthy volunteers as serum cytokine controls, and 13 disease controls for BALF. Associations of BAFF and APRIL levels with clinical measures were assessed to clarify their clinical roles. Results In patients with APAP, serum BAFF and APRIL levels were significantly increased relative to healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), and BALF BAFF and APRIL levels were significantly increased versus disease controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Serum BAFF levels (but not APRIL levels) were significantly correlated with Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant protein (SP)-D, SP-A, and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between serum BAFF or APRIL levels and anti-GM-CSF autoantibody. BAFF and APRIL were negatively correlated with single-breath diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (p = 0.004) and forced vital capacity (p = 0.04), respectively. BAFF (but not APRIL) in BALF was negatively correlated with vital capacity (p = 0.04) and DLco (p = 0.006). There were significant correlations between disease severity and BAFF levels in serum (p = 0.04) and BALF (p = 0.007). Serum levels of anti-GM-CSF autoantibody, BAFF, and APRIL were not significantly affected by WLL or inhalation of recombinant human GM-CSF. Conclusions BAFF and APRIL levels of sera and BALF in APAP were significantly increased compared with healthy volunteer and disease control, and the BAFF and APRIL pathway might have important specific roles in pathogenesis of APAP. Our data suggest a new perspective of future treatment for APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hirose
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Arai
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugawara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Shojiro Minomo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Sayoko Shintani
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Kanako Katayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kasai
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Akira
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-Cho, Kita-Ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan.
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95
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Thanou A, Jupe E, Purushothaman M, Niewold TB, Munroe ME. Clinical disease activity and flare in SLE: Current concepts and novel biomarkers. J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102615. [PMID: 33631651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease associated with innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. SLE occurs primarily in females of childbearing age, with increased prevalence and severity in minority populations. Despite improvements in treatment modalities, SLE patients frequently experience periods of heightened disease activity and flare that can lead to permanent organ damage, increased morbidity, and early mortality. Such outcomes impair quality of life and inflict a significant socioeconomic burden. Predicting changes in SLE disease activity could allow for closer monitoring and preemptive treatment, but existing clinical, demographic and serologic markers have been only modestly predictive. Novel, proactive approaches to clinical disease management are thus critically needed. Panels of blood biomarkers can detect a breadth of immune pathway dysregulation that captures SLE heterogeneity and disease activity. Alterations in the balance of pro-inflammatory and regulatory soluble mediators have been associated with changes in clinical disease activity and are detectable several weeks prior to clinical flare occurrence. A soluble mediator score has been highly predictive of impending flare in both European American and African American SLE patients, and this score does not require a priori knowledge of specific pathway activation in the patient. We review current concepts of disease activity and flare in SLE, focusing on the potential of novel blood biomarkers to characterize and predict changes in disease activity. Measuring the disordered immune response in SLE in this way promises to improve disease management and prevent organ damage in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eldon Jupe
- Progentec Diagnostics, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Niewold
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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96
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Early Covert Appearance of Marginal Zone B Cells in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible Mice: Initiators of Subsequent Overt Clinical Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041919. [PMID: 33671965 PMCID: PMC7919007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular bioprocesses critical in the onset of primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. This mouse model, together with several gene knockout mouse models of SS, has indicated that B lymphocytes, especially marginal zone B (MZB) cells, are necessary for development and onset of clinical manifestations despite the fact that destruction of the lacrimal and salivary gland cells involves a classical T cell-mediated autoimmune response. Because migrations and functions of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile autoimmunity as it develops within the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Temporal profiles indicate the appearance of Notch2-positive cells within the salivary glands of these SS-susceptible mice concomitant with the early-phase appearance of lymphocytic foci (LF). Data presented here identify cellular bioprocesses occurring during early immune cell migrations into the salivary glands and suggest MZB cells are recruited to the exocrine glands by the upregulated Cxcl13 chemokine where they recognize complement (C’)-decorated antigens via their sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and B cell (BC) receptors. Based on known MZB cell behavior and mobility, we propose that MZB cells activated in the salivary glands migrate to splenic follicular zones to present antigens to follicular macrophages and dendritic cells that, in turn, promote a subsequent systemic cell-mediated and autoantibody-mediated autoimmune T cell response that targets exocrine gland cells and functions. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to provide greater insight into several molecular events defining cellular bioprocesses underlying SS that can be modelled and more thoroughly studied at the cellular level.
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97
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Matson EM, Abyazi ML, Bell KA, Hayes KM, Maglione PJ. B Cell Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622114. [PMID: 33613556 PMCID: PMC7892472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequently diagnosed primary antibody deficiency. About half of CVID patients develop chronic non-infectious complications thought to be due to intrinsic immune dysregulation, including autoimmunity, gastrointestinal disease, and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Multiple studies have found ILD to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in CVID. Yet, the precise mechanisms underlying this complication in CVID are poorly understood. CVID ILD is marked by profound pulmonary infiltration of both T and B cells as well as granulomatous inflammation in many cases. B cell depletive therapy, whether done as a monotherapy or in combination with another immunosuppressive agent, has become a standard of therapy for CVID ILD. However, CVID is a heterogeneous disorder, as is its lung pathology, and the precise patients that would benefit from B cell depletive therapy, when it should administered, and how long it should be repeated all remain gaps in our knowledge. Moreover, some have ILD recurrence after B cell depletive therapy and the relative importance of B cell biology remains incompletely defined. Developmental and functional abnormalities of B cell compartments observed in CVID ILD and related conditions suggest that imbalance of B cell signaling networks may promote lung disease. Included within these potential mechanisms of disease is B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine that is upregulated by the interferon gamma (IFN-γ):STAT1 signaling axis to potently influence B cell activation and survival. B cell responses to BAFF are shaped by the divergent effects and expression patterns of its three receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Moreover, soluble forms of BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA exist and may further influence the pathogenesis of ILD. Continued efforts to understand how dysregulated B cell biology promotes ILD development and progression will help close the gap in our understanding of how to best diagnose, define, and manage ILD in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Matson
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miranda L Abyazi
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayla A Bell
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M Hayes
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul J Maglione
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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98
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Bakhuraysah MM, Theotokis P, Lee JY, Alrehaili AA, Aui PM, Figgett WA, Azari MF, Abou-Afech JP, Mackay F, Siatskas C, Alderuccio F, Strittmatter SM, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. B-cells expressing NgR1 and NgR3 are localized to EAE-induced inflammatory infiltrates and are stimulated by BAFF. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2890. [PMID: 33536561 PMCID: PMC7858582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported evidence that Nogo-A activation of Nogo-receptor 1 (NgR1) can drive axonal dystrophy during the neurological progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the B-cell activating factor (BAFF/BlyS) may also be an important ligand of NgR during neuroinflammation. In the current study we define that NgR1 and its homologs may contribute to immune cell signaling during EAE. Meningeal B-cells expressing NgR1 and NgR3 were identified within the lumbosacral spinal cords of ngr1+/+ EAE-induced mice at clinical score 1. Furthermore, increased secretion of immunoglobulins that bound to central nervous system myelin were shown to be generated from isolated NgR1- and NgR3-expressing B-cells of ngr1+/+ EAE-induced mice. In vitro BAFF stimulation of NgR1- and NgR3-expressing B cells, directed them into the cell cycle DNA synthesis phase. However, when we antagonized BAFF signaling by co-incubation with recombinant BAFF-R, NgR1-Fc, or NgR3 peptides, the B cells remained in the G0/G1 phase. The data suggest that B cells express NgR1 and NgR3 during EAE, being localized to infiltrates of the meninges and that their regulation is governed by BAFF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Bakhuraysah
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 26521, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-Ro, 08594, Geumcheon, Seoul, Korea
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 26521, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Mun Aui
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - William A Figgett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Michael F Azari
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - John-Paul Abou-Afech
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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99
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Sicard T, Kassardjian A, Julien JP. B cell targeting by molecular adjuvants for enhanced immunogenicity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:1023-1039. [PMID: 33252273 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1857736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines to improve the quality and durability of immune responses. Molecular adjuvants are a specific subclass of adjuvants where ligands of known immune-modulatory receptors are directly fused to an antigen. Co-stimulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and immune-modulatory receptors through this strategy can augment downstream signaling to improve antibody titers and/or potency, and survival in challenge models. AREAS COVERED C3d has been the most extensively studied molecular adjuvant and shown to improve immune responses to a number of antigens. Similarly, tumor necrosis superfamily ligands, such as BAFF and APRIL, as well as CD40, CD180, and immune complex ligands can also improve humoral immunity as molecular adjuvants. EXPERT OPINION However, no single strategy has emerged that improves immune outcomes in all contexts. Thus, systematic exploration of molecular adjuvants that target B cell receptors will be required to realize their full potential as next-generation vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Audrey Kassardjian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
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Dong Z, Liu Z, Dai H, Liu W, Feng Z, Zhao Q, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang N, Dong X, Zhou X, Du J, Huang G, Tian X, Liu B. The Potential Role of Regulatory B Cells in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7638365. [PMID: 33426094 PMCID: PMC7772048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7638365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are widely regarded as immunomodulatory cells which play an immunosuppressive role. Breg inhibits pathological autoimmune response by secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and adenosine and through other ways to prevent T cells and other immune cells from expanding. Recent studies have shown that different inflammatory environments induce different types of Breg cells, and these different Breg cells have different functions. For example, Br1 cells can secrete IgG4 to block autoantigens. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an autoimmune disease in which the humoral immune response is dominant and the cellular immune response is impaired. However, only a handful of studies have been done on the role of Bregs in this regard. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the types and functions of Breg found in human body, as well as the abnormal pathological and immunological phenomena in IMN, and propose the hypothesis that Breg is activated in IMN patients and the proportion of Br1 can be increased. Our review aims at highlighting the correlation between Breg and IMN and proposes potential mechanisms, which can provide a new direction for the discovery of the pathogenesis of IMN, thus providing a new strategy for the prevention and early treatment of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shandong First Medical University, No. 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, No. 6, Pingxiang Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
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