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Nie L, Xu XX, Xiang LX, Shao JZ, Chen J. Mutual Regulation of NOD2 and RIG-I in Zebrafish Provides Insights into the Coordination between Innate Antibacterial and Antiviral Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1147. [PMID: 28555019 PMCID: PMC5485971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are two important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), initiating innate antibacterial and antiviral signaling pathways. However, the relationship between these PRRs, especially in teleost fish models, is rarely reported. In this article, we describe the mutual regulation of zebrafish NOD2 (DrNOD2) and RIG-I (DrRIG-I) in innate immune responses. Luciferase assays were conducted to determine the activation of NF-κB and interferon signaling. Morpholino-mediated knockdown and mRNA-mediated rescue were performed to further confirm the regulatory roles between DrNOD2 and DrRIG-I. Results showed that DrNOD2 and DrRIG-I shared conserved structural hallmarks with their mammalian counterparts, and activated DrRIG-I signaling can induce DrNOD2 production. Surprisingly, DrNOD2-initiated signaling can also induce DrRIG-I expression, indicating that a mutual regulatory mechanism may exist between them. Studies conducted using HEK293T cells and zebrafish embryos showed that DrRIG-I could negatively regulate DrNOD2-activated NF-κB signaling, and DrNOD2 could inhibit DrRIG-I-induced IFN signaling. Moreover, knocking down DrRIG-I expression by morpholino could enhance DrNOD2-initiated NF-κB activation, and vice versa, which could be rescued by their corresponding mRNAs. Results revealed a mutual feedback regulatory mechanism underlying NOD2 and RIG-I signaling pathways in teleosts. This mechanism reflects the coordination between cytosolic antibacterial and antiviral PRRs in the complex network of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Wang X, Liu S, Yang Y, Fu Q, Abebe A, Liu Z. Identification of NF-κB related genes in channel catfish and their expression profiles in mucosal tissues after columnaris bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:27-38. [PMID: 28063885 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of NF-κB family, IκB family and IKK complex are the key components of NF-κB pathway that is essential for many biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation and stress responses. In spite of their importance, systematic analysis of these genes in fish has been lacking. Here we report a systematic study of the NF-κB related genes in channel catfish. Five NF-κB family genes, five IκB family genes and three IKK complex genes were identified in the channel catfish genome. Annotation of these 13 NF-κB related genes was further confirmed by phylogenetic and syntenic analysis. Negative selection was found to play a crucial role in the adaptive evolution of these genes. Expression profiles of NF-κB related genes after Flavobacterium columnare (columnaris) infection were determined by analysis of the existing RNA-Seq dataset. The majority of NF-κB related genes were significantly regulated in mucosal tissues of gill, skin and intestine after columnaris infection, indicating their potential involvement in host defense responses. Distinct expression patterns of NF-κB related genes were observed in susceptible and resistant catfish in response to columnaris infection, suggesting that expression of these genes may contribute to the variations in disease resistance/susceptibility of catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ash Abebe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Zhou F, Zhan Q, Ding Z, Su L, Fan J, Cui L, Chen N, Wang W, Liu H. A NLRC3-like gene from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Molecular characterization, expression and association with resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:213-219. [PMID: 28215743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRC (the nucleotide-oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor subfamily C) consists of teleost-specific NLRs (NOD-like receptors) and plays pivotal roles in microbial recognition and regulation of innate immune response. In this study, we cloned and characterized a NLRC3-like gene (MamNLRC3-like) from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) by using the quantitative real-time PCR method, and analyzed the correlation between its polymorphisms and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The full length cDNA of MamNLRC3-like was 2863 bp, with a 5'-UTR of 169 bp, ORF of 2301 bp and 3'-UTR of 393 bp, encoding 766 amino acid residues. MamNLRC3-like consisted of a conserved NACHT domain, a fish-specific NACHT associated domain (FISNA) and a PYRIN effective domain. During early developmental stages, MamNLRC3-like was most highly expressed at 39.4 hpf (hours post fertilization, hatching stage) and constitutively detected in various healthy tissues. The expression of MamNLRC3-like was strongly induced by A. hydrophila infection and peaked in the head kidney, liver, intestine, and trunk kidney at 12 h post infection. Six SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) from MamNLRC3-like, with 2 in introns and 4 in exons, were identified by direct sequencing, in which 6515C/T was a novel non-synonymous mutation. HRM (high resolution melting) genotyping of the 6 loci showed that locus 6515C/T SNP was associated with the resistance/susceptibility of blunt snout bream to A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.01). The CC genotype fish were more resistant than CT carriers (P < 0.01). This study suggests that the MamNLRC3-like gene might play an important role in the innate immunity of blunt snout bream and could be used as a candidate marker for genetic selection of A. hydrophila-resistant blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qifeng Zhan
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lina Su
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, PR China.
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Wu XM, Hu YW, Xue NN, Ren SS, Chen SN, Nie P, Chang MX. Role of zebrafish NLRC5 in antiviral response and transcriptional regulation of MHC related genes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:58-68. [PMID: 27876605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are emerging as critical regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the NLR family member NLRC5 is functionally defined, the role of NLRC5 in regulating innate immune signaling has been controversial in mammals, and is poorly understood in teleost fish. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of zebrafish NLRC5. The cloned NLRC5 consists of 6435 bp which encodes 1746 amino acids. The N-terminal effector-binding domain of zebrafish NLRC5 is absent which is different from all other human NLRs. Fluorescence microscopy showed that zebrafish NLRC5 is located throughout the entire cell. The higher expression of zebrafish NLRC5 in embryo than in larvae was observed, suggesting the action phase of NLRC5 in zebrafish ontogenetic stages. When the modulation of NLRC5 in pathogen infection was analyzed, it was found that zebrafish NLRC5 was upregulated by both bacterial and viral infection. Overexpression of zebrafish NLRC5 resulted in significant inhibition of SVCV replication in vivo and in vitro, but failed to activate interferon (IFN) promoters and type I IFN signaling pathway. Interestingly, NLRC5 overexpression could activate mhc2dab promoter, and induce the expression of MHC class II genes. All together, these results demonstrate that zebrafish NLRC5 is involved in IFN-independent antiviral response, and also functions as a transcriptional regulator of MHC class II genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Na Na Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shi Si Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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55
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Thanasaksiri K, Hirono I, Kondo H. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of NOD-like receptor 5 in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after injection with two different formalin-killed pathogenic bacteria and poly (I:C). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:481-484. [PMID: 27592048 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognized intracellular pathogens. Here, we identified a type of NLR with a CARD domain (NLRC5) in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (JfNLRC5). The coding sequence JfNLRC5 is 5529 bp long and encodes a protein of 1842 deduced amino acid residues. JfNLRC5 transcripts were highly detected in gills, intestine and spleen of healthy fish. In Japanese flounder stimulated with poly (I:C), JfNLRC5 was significantly up-regulated after 24 h at 15 °C and after 3 h at 25 °C. Expression of JfNLRC5 was up-regulated by formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda but not by formalin-killed Streptococcus iniae. These findings suggest that JfNLRC5 is involved in fish immune response against viral and Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Thanasaksiri
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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56
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Fu Q, Zeng Q, Li Y, Yang Y, Li C, Liu S, Zhou T, Li N, Yao J, Jiang C, Li D, Liu Z. The chemokinome superfamily in channel catfish: I. CXC subfamily and their involvement in disease defense and hypoxia responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:380-390. [PMID: 27919758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related chemotactic cytokines exerting significant roles in regulating cell migration and activation. They are defined by the presence of four conserved cysteine residues and are divided into four subfamilies depending on the arrangement of the first two conserved cysteines residues: CXC, CC, C and CX3C. In this study, a complete set of 17 CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) genes was systematically identified and characterized from channel catfish genome through data mining of existing genomic resources. Phylogenetic analysis allowed annotation of the 17 CXC chemokines. Extensive comparative genomic analyses supported their annotations and orthologies, revealing the existence of fish-specific CXC chemokines and the expansion of CXC chemokines in the teleost genomes. The analysis of gene expression after bacterial infection indicated the CXC chemokines were expressed in a gene-specific manner. CXCL11.3 and CXCL20.3 were expressed significantly higher in resistant fish than in susceptible fish after ESC infection, while CXCL20.2 were expressed significantly higher in resistant fish than in susceptible fish after columnaris infection. The expression of those CXC chemokines, therefore can be a useful indicator of disease resistance. A similar pattern of expression was observed between resistant and susceptible fish with biotic and abiotic stresses, ESC, columnaris and hypoxia, suggesting that high levels of expression of the majority of CXC chemokines, with exception of CXC11 and CXC20, are detrimental to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ning Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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GWAS analysis of QTL for enteric septicemia of catfish and their involved genes suggest evolutionary conservation of a molecular mechanism of disease resistance. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:231-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li J, Chu Q, Xu T. A genome-wide survey of expansive NLR-C subfamily in miiuy croaker and characterization of the NLR-B30.2 genes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:116-125. [PMID: 26979266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are essential intracellular pattern-recognition receptors that respond to pathogens and regulate innate immunity. NLRs include three distinct subfamilies: NLR-A, NLR-B and NLR-C, thereinto, NLR-C as a large subfamily is unique to bony fish and little research about it has been done. In the current study, we identified the members of NLR-B and NLR-C subfamilies containing 2 and 48 genes respectively in miiuy croaker. Compared with other teleosts except for zebrafish, NLR-C subfamily genes occurred expansion in miiuy croaker. The gene expansions of NLR-C subfamily may illustrate adaptive genome evolution in response to specific aquatic environments. Structural analysis showed that the N-terminus of NLR-C subfamily receptors has different characteristics of the domains including RING domain, FISNA domain or PYRIN domain. Interestingly, the C-terminus of 18 NLR-C subfamily members contains an extra B30.2 domain (named NLR-B30.2 genes) which plays an important role in antiviral immune recognition. Simultaneously, molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that the positively sites in miiuy croaker are mainly located in NACHT domain which was the vital region for signal transduction in immune response. Significantly, pathogens challenge in spleen and macrophages demonstrated that NLR-B30.2 genes exhibited more sensitive response to virus than bacteria, suggesting these genes play enhanced roles in innate antiviral immunity, which may represent a new family used for antiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Li
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Paria A, Deepika A, Sreedharan K, Makesh M, Chaudhari A, Purushothaman CS, Thirunavukkarasu AR, Rajendran KV. Identification of Nod like receptor C3 (NLRC3) in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Characterisation, ontogeny and expression analysis after experimental infection and ligand stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:602-612. [PMID: 27346158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a large group of cytoplasmic PRRs believed to play an important role in bacterial recognition in higher vertebrates. In this study, a novel Nod like receptor C3 (AsNLRC3) has been identified, cloned and characterised from Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The full-length AsNLRC3 transcript composed of a 4142 bp nucleic acid sequence encode for a protein of 1134 deduced amino acids. Three signature domains identified are conserved NACHT-domain, C-terminal LLR domain and N-terminal CARD effector domain. From the domain architecture and phylogenetic analysis, it was quite evident that AsNLRC3 is different from the NLR subfamily C of other teleosts. AsNLRC3 expressed in all the 11 tissues tested but highly expressed in tissues facing external environment such as gill, hindgut and midgut. The ontogenic expression profile of this receptor showed constitutive expression throughout the embryonic and larval developmental stages, which could be an innate immune strategy against different marine pathogens for larval survival. Infection with Vibrio alginolyticus and poly I:C induction showed an alteration of expression pattern in different tissues but did not show significant alteration in expression with Staphylococcus aureus infection. In vitro study in Asian seabass kidney cell line (SISK) stimulated with different ligands such as LPS, PGN and poly I:C showed considerable up-regulation at some of the time-points tested. These results suggest that AsNLRC3 can be a pivotal cytosolic innate immune receptor for recognizing wide array of pathogens in a euryhaline teleost model like Asian seabass in diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutosh Paria
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - A Deepika
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - K Sreedharan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - M Makesh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - C S Purushothaman
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - A R Thirunavukkarasu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), Chennai, 600 028, India
| | - K V Rajendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400 061, India.
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60
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Li S, Chen X, Hao G, Geng X, Zhan W, Sun J. Identification and characterization of a novel NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 3 gene in response to extracellular ATP stimulation and its role in regulating LPS-induced innate immune response in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:79-90. [PMID: 26820104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family with a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) containing 3 (NLRC3) protein is an important cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that negatively regulates innate immune response in mammals. Hitherto, the immunological significance of NLRC3 protein in fish remains largely uncharacterized. Here we identified and characterized a novel NLRC3 gene (named poNLRC3) implicated in regulation of fish innate immunity from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The poNLRC3 protein is a cytoplasmic protein with an undefined N-terminal domain, a NACHT domain, a fish-specific NACHT associated domain, six LRR motifs, and a C-terminal fish-specific PYR/SPYR (B30.2) domain but only shares less than 40% sequence identities with the known Japanese flounder NLRC proteins. poNLRC3 gene is ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues and is dominantly expressed in the Japanese flounder head kidney macrophages (HKMs). We for the first time showed that poNLRC3 expression was significantly modulated by the stimulation of extracellular ATP, an important danger/damage-associated molecular pattern in activating innate immunity in P. olivaceus. Importantly, we revealed that poNLRC3 plays an important role in positively regulating ATP-induced IL-1beta and IL-6 gene expression, suggesting the involvement of poNLRC3 in extracellular ATP-mediated immune signaling. In addition, we showed that poNLRC3 mRNA expression was up-regulated in response to LPS and Edwardsiella tarda immune challenges. Finally, we showed that down-regulating the endogenous poNLRC3 expression with small interfering RNA significantly reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the Japanese flounder HKM cells. Altogether, we have identified a novel inducible fish NLR member, poNLRC3, which is involved in extracellular ATP-mediated immune signaling and may positively regulate the LPS-induced innate immune response in the Japanese flounder HKM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Gaixiang Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuyun Geng
- Tianjin Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 442 South Jiefang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300221, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, LMMEC, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Fu Q, Li Y, Yang Y, Li C, Yao J, Zeng Q, Qin Z, Liu S, Li D, Liu Z. Septin genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and their involvement in disease defense responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:110-121. [PMID: 26700173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. In this study, through thorough data mining of existed channel catfish genomic resources, we identified a complete set of 15 septin genes. Septins were classified into four subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. Extensive comparative genomic analysis, including domain and syntenic analysis, supported their annotation and orthologies. The expression patterns of septins in channel catfish were examined in healthy tissues and after infection with two major bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. In healthy channel catfish, most septin genes were ubiquitously expressed and presented diversity patterns in various tissues, especially mucosal tissues, proposing the significant roles septin genes may play in maintaining homeostasis and host immune response activities. After bacterial infections, most septin genes were regulated, but opposite direction in expression profiles were found with the two bacterial pathogens: the differentially expressed septin genes were down-regulated in the intestine after E. ictaluri infection while generally up-regulated in the gill after F. columnare infection, suggesting a pathogen-specific and tissue-specific pattern of regulation. Taken together, these results suggested that septin genes may play complex and important roles in the host immune responses to bacterial pathogens in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Biswas G, Bilen S, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Inflammatory immune response by lipopolysaccharide-responsive nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:21-31. [PMID: 26472618 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some of NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors form a multi-protein complex, inflammasome consisting of one or more NLRs, the adaptor protein ASC and inflammatory caspase to generate mature inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. However, inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cascade involving any NLR member is unknown in a lower vertebrate like fish. Also, inflammatory cytokine induction pathway in response to a specific ligand, namely bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has not yet been clarified. Therefore, 13 predicted NLR sequences of the Japanese pufferfish, Fugu (Takifugu rubripes) were retrieved in silico and categorized as NLR-C1∼13. Expression analysis of these genes in Fugu head kidney (HK) cells stimulated with a heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (Lpp), LPS, nigericin and a combination of nigericin + LPS showed consistent up-regulations of NLR-C1, 5, 7, 10 and 12 genes in both Lpp and LPS stimulations and NLR-C9 gene in LPS stimulation only. However, nigericin and nigericin + LPS caused an increased expression of NLR-C10 and 12 in HK cells and leukocytes. Fugu treated with Lpp and LPS (in vivo), and infected with Vibrio harveyi had an elevated expression of NLR-C10 and 12. Increased transcription of caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 was recorded in nigericin-stimulated HK cells and leukocytes. Results suggested activation of probable inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokine response in Fugu. Moreover, LPS may be a key ligand that induces some of the Fugu NLR-Cs (NLR-C9, 10 and 12). Further characterization and functional analysis of Fugu NLR-C10 and 12 for ligand sensing, and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β would elucidate the inflammasome evolution in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Biswas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Soner Bilen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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63
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Jiang C, Zhang J, Yao J, Liu S, Li Y, Song L, Li C, Wang X, Liu Z. Complement regulatory protein genes in channel catfish and their involvement in disease defense response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:33-41. [PMID: 26111998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Complement system is one of the most important defense systems of innate immunity, which plays a crucial role in disease defense responses in channel catfish. However, inappropriate and excessive complement activation could lead to potential damage to the host cells. Therefore the complement system is controlled by a set of complement regulatory proteins to allow normal defensive functions, but prevent hazardous complement activation to host tissues. In this study, we identified nine complement regulatory protein genes from the channel catfish genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were conducted to determine their orthology relationships, supporting their correct annotation and potential functional inferences. The expression profiles of the complement regulatory protein genes were determined in channel catfish healthy tissues and after infection with the two main bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. The vast majority of complement regulatory protein genes were significantly regulated after bacterial infections, but interestingly were generally up-regulated after E. ictaluri infection while mostly down-regulated after F. columnare infection, suggesting a pathogen-specific pattern of regulation. Collectively, these findings suggested that complement regulatory protein genes may play complex roles in the host immune responses to bacterial pathogens in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lin Song
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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64
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Li J, Kong L, Gao Y, Wu C, Xu T. Characterization of NLR-A subfamily members in miiuy croaker and comparative genomics revealed NLRX1 underwent duplication and lose in actinopterygii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:397-406. [PMID: 26381931 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptors (NLRs, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors) are a recently identified family of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors in vertebrates. Several subfamilies of NLRs have been characterized in mammals and implicated in immunity and apoptosis, but studies of NLRs in teleost species have been lacking. Here we analyzed three NLR-A subfamily members from miiuy croaker: NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRX1. Structural analysis showed that miiuy croaker NLR-A subfamily members own the feature of 5'UTR intron which may influence their role in enhancing translation level. Comparative analysis revealed NLRX1 duplicated into NLRX1a and NLRX1b, then NLRX1a was lost in actinopterygii and NLRX1b formed NLRX1 that now we called. Simultaneously, molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that the ancestral lineages of NLRX1 in tetrapod and actinopterygii under positive selection pressure. The positively sites in actinopterygii are mainly located in NACHT domain which was the critical region for signal transduction, suggesting that the evolution of NLRX1 gene in the ancestor of actinopterygii is beneficial in immune response. Pathogens challenge demonstrated that the expressions of NLRC3 and NLRC5 in miiuy croaker were induced not only by Vibrio anguillarum but also by poly (I:C), whereas NLRX1 exhibited more sensitive response to bacteria than virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Li
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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65
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Li J, Gao Y, Xu T. Comparative genomic and evolution of vertebrate NOD1 and NOD2 genes and their immune response in miiuy croaker. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:387-397. [PMID: 26108036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins NOD1 and NOD2 are important cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors which sense microbial infections molecules to induce innate immune response. In this study, the sequence analysis showed that NOD1 and NOD2 genes in miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy, mmiNOD1 and mmiNOD2) share some highly conserved motifs that crucial for recognizing the bacterial and viral components. Quantitative expression analysis revealed mmiNOD1 and mmiNOD2 had the highest level of expression in liver. Induction experiments with Vibrio anguillarum indicated the different expression levels of mmiNOD1 and mmiNOD2 in liver, spleen and kidney. The expressions of mmiNOD1 and mmiNOD2 increased more significantly after Poly(I:C) stimulation, meanwhile, we carried out the expression analysis at the transcriptome level and the regulation of microRNAs. In addition, the evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of NOD1 in bony fish detected one positively selected site, however, both the current lineages of NOD1 and NOD2 genes in bony fish underwent purifying selection indicating that NOD1 gene in the ancestor of bony fish experienced positive selection. To further understand the evolutionary pattern of NOD1 and NOD2 in vertebrates, we were the first to conduct comparative genomic analysis by comparing the number and synteny of NOD1 and NOD2. Combining the duplication of NOD1, the lost of NOD2 and the more conserved synteny of NOD2 than NOD1, we proposed that the hypothetical evolutionary pattern is different between NOD1 and NOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Li
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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66
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Peatman E, Lange M, Zhao H, Beck BH. Physiology and immunology of mucosal barriers in catfish (Ictalurus spp.). Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1068907. [PMID: 26716071 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1068907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal barriers of catfish (Ictalurus spp) constitute the first line of defense against pathogen invasion while simultaneously carrying out a diverse array of other critical physiological processes, including nutrient adsorption, osmoregulation, waste excretion, and environmental sensing. Catfish depend more heavily on mucosal barriers than their terrestrial counterparts as they are continuously interacting with the aquatic microbiota. Our understanding of these barriers, while growing, is still limited relative to that of mammalian model systems. Nevertheless, a combination of molecular and cellular studies in catfish over the last few decades, and particularly within the last few years, has helped to elucidate many of the primary actors and pathways critical to their mucosal health. Here we describe aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses in the primary mucosal tissues (skin, gill, and intestine) of catfish, focusing on mucus-driven responses, pathogen recognition, soluble mediators, and immunoglobulin and T-cell derived immunity. Modulation of mucosal barriers will be critical moving forward for crafting better diets, improving vaccine delivery, enhancing water quality, and ensuring sustainable production practices in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Auburn University ; Auburn, AL USA
| | - Miles Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center ; Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Auburn University ; Auburn, AL USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center ; Stuttgart, AR USA
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67
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Yao J, Mu W, Liu S, Zhang J, Wen H, Liu Z. Identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of suppressors of cytokine signaling in channel catfish. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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68
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Correa RG, Krajewska M, Ware CF, Gerlic M, Reed JC. The NLR-related protein NWD1 is associated with prostate cancer and modulates androgen receptor signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1666-82. [PMID: 24681825 PMCID: PMC4039239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a seminal role in prostate development and homeostasis, and dysregulation of this pathway is intimately linked to prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression. Here, we identify the cytosolic NLR-related protein NWD1 as a novel modulator of AR signaling. We determined that expression of NWD1 becomes elevated during prostate cancer progression, based on analysis of primary tumor specimens. Experiments with cultured cells showed that NWD1 expression is up-regulated by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) family proteins. Gene silencing procedures, in conjunction with transcriptional profiling, showed that NWD1 is required for expression of PDEF (prostate-derived Ets factor), which is known to bind and co-regulate AR. Of note, NWD1 modulates AR protein levels. Depleting NWD1 in PCa cell lines reduces AR levels and suppresses activity of androgen-driven reporter genes. NWD1 knockdown potently suppressed growth of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells, thus showing its functional importance in an AR-dependent tumor cell model. Proteomic analysis suggested that NWD1 associates with various molecular chaperones commonly related to AR complexes. Altogether, these data suggest a role for tumor-associated over-expression of NWD1 in dysregulation of AR signaling in PCa.
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69
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Sun L, Liu S, Bao L, Li Y, Feng J, Liu Z. Claudin multigene family in channel catfish and their expression profiles in response to bacterial infection and hypoxia as revealed by meta-analysis of RNA-Seq datasets. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 13:60-9. [PMID: 25681604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are one of the major groups of transmembrane proteins that play crucial roles in tight junctions. In addition to their function in the regulation of paracellular permeability, claudins are also involved in a number of biological processes related to pathogen infection, embryonic development, organ development and hypoxia response. Despite its importance, analyses of claudin genes in channel catfish have not been systematically performed. In this study, a total of 52 claudin genes were identified and characterized in channel catfish. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to determine their identities and identify a number of lineage-specific claudin gene duplications in channel catfish. Expression profiles of catfish claudin genes in response to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) disease and hypoxia stress were determined by analyzing existing RNA-Seq datasets. Claudin genes were significantly down-regulated in the intestine at 3h post-infection, indicating that pathogens may disrupt the mucosal barrier by suppressing the expression of claudin genes. A total of six claudin genes were significantly regulated in the gill after hypoxia stress. Among them, the expressions of cldn-11b and cldn-10d were dramatically altered when comparing hypoxia tolerant fish with intolerant fish, though their specific roles involved in response to hypoxia stress remained unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Sun
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lisui Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianbin Feng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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70
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Hu YW, Yu ZL, Xue NN, Nie P, Chang MX. Expression and protective role of two novel NACHT-containing proteins in pathogen infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:323-332. [PMID: 24858030 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lower vertebrates have been found to possess over 200 NACHT-domain encoding genes; but, to date, very little is known about their functional activity. This article describes the sequences and expression analysis of two zebrafish NACHT-containing proteins, namely NALPL1 and NALPL2. In addition, the functions of zebrafish NALPL1 and NALPL2, which are absent for both amino-terminal effector-binding domain (EBD) and carboxy-terminal ligand-recognition domain (LRD), were investigated for the first time in fish species. The predicted NALPL1 and NALPL2 proteins consist of 651 and 847 amino acids (aa), respectively, with both molecules only containing NACHT domain, which were different from other NACHT-family members. Phylogenetic analysis showed that zebrafish NALPL1 and NALPL2 have a closer relationship with mammalian NALP subfamily than NOD subfamily. The differential expression patterns of NALPL1 and NALPL2 in development stages and organs were observed, suggesting the difference of action phase and effector organ of NALPL1 and NALPL2. When the modulation of NALPL1 and NALPL2 in pathogen infection was analyzed, it was found that the two molecules were upregulated by both bacterial and viral infection. Overexpression of NALPL1 and NALPL2 resulted in significant inhibition for intracellular Edwardsiella tarda growth. Further studies demonstrated that NALPL1 and NALPL2 also contributed to protection against viral infection. These results demonstrate that both NALPL1 and NALPL2 are important intracellular proteins in host surveillance against both bacterial and viral infection. Interestingly, the expression of downstream signaling genes was not affected by the overexpression of NALPL1 or NALPL2, but NOD1 and MDA5 were upregulated by NALPL1 or NALPL2 overexpression, suggesting that they likely act in pathogen infection through the interaction with other PRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhang Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Na Na Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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71
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Sun L, Liu S, Wang R, Li C, Zhang J, Liu Z. Pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: IV. Identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:291-299. [PMID: 24814805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) can recognize bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan) and activate innate immune system. In addition to its function as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), PGRPs are also involved in directly killing bacteria, and regulating multiple signaling pathways. Recently, we have reported catfish PRRs including nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we identified and characterized the PGRP gene family in channel catfish which included two members, PGLYRP-5 and PGLYRP-6. Phylogenetic analysis, syntenic analysis and protein structural analysis were conducted to determine their identities and evolutionary relationships. In order to gain insight into the roles of PGRPs in catfish innate immune responses, quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression profiles in catfish healthy tissues and after bacterial infection. Both PGLYRP-5 and PGLYRP-6 were ubiquitously expressed in all 12 healthy tissues, and most highly expressed in gill and spleen, respectively. Distinct expression patterns were observed for PGRPs after infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare, both Gram-negative bacteria. After infection with E. ictaluri, both PGLYRP-5 and PGLYRP-6 were significantly down-regulated at a certain time-point, while both genes were generally up-regulated in the gill after infection with F. columnare. Collectively, these findings suggested that PGRPs may play complex roles in the host immune response to bacterial pathogens in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Sun
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ruijia Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wang S, Wang R, Xu T. Genomic characterization and expression pattern of Bf/C2 and C4 in miiuy croaker and molecular evolution analysis on mammals and fishes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:423-431. [PMID: 24927880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in both innate and adaptive host defense against the invading microorganisms in vertebrates. It can be activated by three pathways: the classical, alternative and lectin pathways. Bf/C2 and C4, as members of complement, play a pivotal role in the activation of the complement system. In our study, we identified Bf/C2 and C4 genes and genomic structure in miiuy croaker, and expression patterns of Bf/C2 and C4 genes was analyzed. In healthy miiuy croaker tissues, Bf/C2 and C4 genes were found to be ubiquitously expressed in all ten tested tissues. Analysis of expression of Bf/C2 and C4 genes after bacterial infection showed a significant up-regulated in liver. The evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of Bf/C2 and C4 genes in mammals and fishes experienced positive selection indicated that the ancestors of mammals and fishes had further evolved to adapt to their environment, respectively. A series of maximum likelihood (ML) methods were used to study the evolution on vertebrates' Bf/C2 and C4 genes. One and five positive selection sites were found in mammals of Bf/C2 and C4 genes, but no positive selection site was found in fishes of Bf/C2 and C4 genes, indicating that Bf/C2 and C4 genes in mammals and fishes underwent different evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchen Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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73
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Yao J, Li C, Zhang J, Liu S, Feng J, Wang R, Li Y, Jiang C, Song L, Chen A, Liu Z. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes in channel catfish is highly regulated and time dependent after bacterial challenges. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:74-86. [PMID: 24560653 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is well known for its roles in immune responses. As such, its synthesizing enzymes have been extensively studied from various species including some teleost fish species. However, the NOS genes have not been characterized in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). In this study, we identified and characterized three NOS genes including one NOS1 and two NOS2 genes in channel catfish. Comparing with the NOS genes from other fish species, the catfish NOS genes are highly conserved in their structural features. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses allowed determination of NOS1 and NOS2 genes of channel catfish and their orthology relationships. Syntenic analysis, as well as the phylogenetic analysis, indicated that the two NOS2 genes of catfish were lineage-specific duplication. The NOS genes were broadly expressed in most tested tissues, with NOS1 being expressed at the highest levels in the brain, NOS2b1 highly expressed in the skin and gill, and NOS2b2 lowly expressed in most of the tested tissues. The most striking findings of this study was that the expression of the NOS genes are highly regulated after bacterial infection, with time-dependent expression patterns that parallel the migration of macrophages. After Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge, dramatically different responses among the three NOS genes were observed. NOS1 was only significantly in the skin early after infection, while NOS2b1 was rapidly upregulated in gill, but more up-regulated in trunk kidney with the progression of the disease, suggesting such differences in gene expression may be reflective of the migration of macrophages among various tissues of the infected fish. In contrast to NOS1 and NOS2b1, NOS2b2 was normally expressed at very low levels, but it is induced in the brain and liver while significantly down-regulated in most other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianbin Feng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ruijia Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lin Song
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ailu Chen
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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74
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Wang R, Feng J, Li C, Liu S, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Four lysozymes (one c-type and three g-type) in catfish are drastically but differentially induced after bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:136-145. [PMID: 23639933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an important component of the innate immune system. In this study, four lysozyme genes including one c-type lysozyme and three g-type lysozymes were identified from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The lysozyme genes are highly conserved in their structural features as compared to those from other species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted allowing annotation of these genes. Additional analyses using conserved syntenies allowed determination of orthologies for the c-type lysozyme. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the g-type lysozyme may have gone through species-specific gene duplications leading to multiple copies in some teleost species. Channel catfish possessed three copies of the g-type lysozyme genes. Expression analysis revealed that the catfish lysozyme genes were expressed in a broad range of tissues. The highest levels of expression were found in head kidney, liver, spleen, and trunk kidney, compatible with the immune functions of these tissues/organs. The c-type and g-type lysozymes were drastically induced after bacterial infection, but exhibited large differences in the extent of induction and the tissue with the highest level of induction, with the g-type lysozyme being most highly induced in the head kidney whereas the other three lysozymes being most highly induced in the liver, suggesting their cooperative actions in the immune responses but difference in their detailed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Wang
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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75
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Zhang J, Liu S, Rajendran KV, Sun L, Zhang Y, Sun F, Kucuktas H, Liu H, Liu Z. Pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: III phylogeny and expression analysis of Toll-like receptors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:185-194. [PMID: 23396097 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were the earliest characterized and the most extensively studied pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). The majority of tetrapod TLR orthologs have been found in teleost fish. In addition, a group of "fish-specific" TLRs have been identified. In catfish, a number of TLR-related sequences have been reported, but systematic phylogenetic analyses have not been conducted. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic and comparative analysis of 20 catfish TLR genes against their counterparts from various species. TLR25 and TLR26 are TLRs identified only in channel catfish. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that four catfish TLR genes have duplicated copies in the genome, i.e., TLR4, TLR5, TLR8, and TLR20. Six fish-specific TLRs were identified, and the vast majority of these belong to the TLR11 subfamily. In healthy catfish tissues, most of the tested TLR genes were ubiquitously expressed although expression levels varied among the 11 tested tissues. We tested nine TLRs for their expression in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. They were significantly up-regulated in the spleen and liver, but down-regulated in the head kidney, suggesting their involvement in the immune responses against the intracellular bacterial pathogen in a tissue-specific manner in catfish, perhaps through rapid migration of phagocytes to infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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76
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Shi Y, Yu C, Gu Z, Zhan X, Wang Y, Wang A. Characterization of the pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) mantle transcriptome unravels biomineralization genes. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:175-187. [PMID: 22941536 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii, is a marine bivalve species widely distributed in tropic and subtropic marine coasts. Mantle is the special tissue of P. martensii that secretes biomineralization proteins inducing shell deposition as well as iridescent nacre both in the inner shell and artificial nucleus. The pearl oyster is very efficient for artificial pearl production and is therefore an ideal organism for studies into the processes of biomineralization. However, deficiency of transcriptome information limits the insight into biomineralization mechanisms and pearl formation. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the P. martensii mantle transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 25,723 unique transcripts were assembled from 220,824 quality reads, followed by annotation and Gene Ontology classification analysis. A total of 146 unique transcript segments homologous to 49 reference biomineralization genes were identified, including calcineurin-binding protein, amorphous calcium carbonate binding protein 1, calmodulin, calponin-like protein, carbonic anhydrase 1, glycine-rich shell matrix protein, lysine-rich matrix protein, mantle gene or protein, nacrein, pearlin, PIF, regucalcin, and shematrin. The sequence data enabled the identification of 10,285 potential single nucleotide polymorphism loci and 7,836 putative indels, providing a resource for molecular biomarker, population genetics, and functional genomic studies. A large number of candidate genes for biomineralization were identified, considerably enriching resources for the study of shell formation. These sequence data will notably advance biomineralization and transcriptome study in pearl oyster and other Pinctada species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropic Biological Resources-Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiological Technology, The Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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77
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Li C, Wang R, Su B, Luo Y, Terhune J, Beck B, Peatman E. Evasion of mucosal defenses during Aeromonas hydrophila infection of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:447-455. [PMID: 23219904 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish serve as the first line of defense against the myriad of aquatic pathogens present in the aquatic environment. The immune repertoire functioning at these interfaces is still poorly understood. The skin, in particular, must process signals from several fronts, sensing and integrating environmental, nutritional, social, and health cues. Pathogen invasion can disrupt this delicate homeostasis with profound impacts on signaling throughout the organism. Here, we investigated the transcriptional effects of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish skin, Ictalurus punctatus. We utilized a new 8 × 60 K Agilent microarray for catfish to examine gene expression profiles at critical early timepoints following challenge--2 h, 8 h, and 12 h. Expression of a total of 2,168 unique genes was significantly perturbed during at least one timepoint. We observed dysregulation of genes involved in antioxidant, cytoskeletal, immune, junctional, and nervous system pathways. In particular, A. hydrophila infection rapidly altered a number of potentially critical lectins, chemokines, interleukins, and other mucosal factors in a manner predicted to enhance its ability to adhere to and invade the catfish host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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78
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Chen L, Li Q, Su J, Yang C, Li Y, Rao Y. Trunk kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) mediates immune responses against GCRV and viral/bacterial PAMPs in vivo and in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:909-919. [PMID: 23333439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Trunk kidney is a vital organ for excretion in teleosts. There have been sporadic reports of processing pathogens for the immune function in trunk kidney. However, molecular processes of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) responding to virus and viral/bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are poorly elucidated in trunk kidney. In the present study, we investigated transcriptional profiles of twelve representative immune-related genes (TLRs (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR22); RLRs (RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2); NLRs (NOD1 and NOD2); adapter molecules (MyD88 and IPS-1); effector molecule type I interferon (IFN-I) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in trunk kidney tissue of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (designated as Ci) injection of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) utilizing quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, mRNA expression patterns of these genes (IgM excepted) were examined post GCRV infection and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) stimulation in primary trunk kidney cells of grass carp. The relative values of CiTLR3, CiTLR22 and CiMyD88 were increased post GCRV challenge and viral/bacterial PAMPs stimulation. The mRNA transcriptions of CiTLR7 were obviously activated with GCRV challenge. Remarkably, the mRNA expressions of CiRIG-I, CiMDA5, CiLGP2 and CiIPS-1 were largely up-regulated with GCRV challenge and viral/bacterial PAMPs stimulation. Interestingly, the expression tendencies of CiNOD1 and CiNOD2 were differential not only in GCRV challenge and poly(I:C) stimulation, but also in LPS and PGN stimulation. It was demonstrated that CiIFN-I induced powerful anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects in trunk kidney. In addition, the expression of CiIgM was induced at 72 h post GCRV injection in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that trunk kidney of grass carp serves as an important immune organ, and plays crucial roles in triggering anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, No. 22, Xinong Rd., Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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79
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Zhu LY, Nie L, Zhu G, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: a comparative overview of innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:39-62. [PMID: 22504163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early vertebrate evolution. Fish immune-relevant genes have received considerable attention due to its role in improving understanding of both fish immunology and the evolution of immune systems. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of teleost immune-relevant genes for both innate and adaptive immunity, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complement molecules, lectins, interferons and signaling factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adaptive immunity relevant cytokines and negative regulators, major histocompatibility complexes, immunoglobulins, and costimulatory molecules. The implications of these factors on the evolutionary history of immune systems were discussed and a perspective outline of innate and adaptive immunity of teleost fish was described. This review may provide clues on the evolution of the essential defense system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-yun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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80
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Abstract
Catfish is one of the most important aquaculture species in America (as well as in Asia and Africa). In recent years, the production of catfish has suffered massive financial losses due to pathogen spread and breakouts. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in increasing resistance to pathogenic organisms and has generated increasing interest in the past few years. This review summarizes the current understanding of innate immune-related genes in catfish, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complements, lectins, cytokines, transferrin and gene expression profiling using microarrays and next generation sequencing technologies. This review will benefit the understanding of innate immune system in catfish and further efforts in studying the innate immune-related genes in fish.
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81
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Sun F, Peatman E, Li C, Liu S, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Liu Z. Transcriptomic signatures of attachment, NF-κB suppression and IFN stimulation in the catfish gill following columnaris bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:169-180. [PMID: 22669032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of columnaris disease (Flavobacterium columnare) are common in wild and cultured freshwater fish worldwide. Disease occurrences, particularly those caused by virulent genomovar II isolates, in aquaculture species such as channel catfish can be devastating. In contrast to other important aquaculture pathogens, little is known about host immune responses to columnaris. Adhesion of F. columnare to gill tissue has been correlated in some previous studies to virulence and host susceptibility. Here, therefore, we conducted the first transcriptomic profiling of host responses to columnaris following an experimental challenge. We utilized Illumina-based RNA-seq expression profiling to examine transcript profiles at three timepoints (4h, 24h, and 48h) in catfish gill after bath immersion infection. Enrichment and pathway analyses of the differentially expressed genes revealed several central signatures following infection. These included the dramatic upregulation of a rhamnose-binding lectin, with putative roles in bacterial attachment and aggregation, suppression of NF-κB signalling via IκBs, BCL-3, TAX1BP1, and olfactomedin 4, and strong induction of IFN-inducible responses including iNOS2b, IFI44, and VHSV genes. Fifteen differentially expressed genes with varying expression profiles by RNA-seq, were validated by QPCR (correlation coefficients 0.85-0.94, p-value <0.001). Our results highlight several putative immune pathways and individual candidate genes deserving of further investigation in the context of development of therapeutic regimens and laying the foundation for selection of resistant catfish lines against columnaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyue Sun
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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82
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Rajendran KV, Zhang J, Liu S, Peatman E, Kucuktas H, Wang X, Liu H, Wood T, Terhune J, Liu Z. Pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: II. Identification, phylogeny and expression of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:381-389. [PMID: 22387588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs). As a part of the series of studies targeted to characterize catfish PRRs, we described 22 NLR receptors in the sister contribution. Here in this study, we focused on cytosolic PRRs recognizing nucleotide pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of invading viruses, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR receptors). Three RLRs with DExD/H domain containing RNA helicases, retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), were identified from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The catfish RIG-I encodes 937 amino acids that contains two CARDs, a DExDc, a HELICc and a RD domains. MDA5 encodes 1005 amino acids with all the domains identified for RIG-I. LGP2 encodes 677 amino acids that contain other domains but not the CARD domain at the N-terminus. Phylogenetic analyses of the three genes of catfish showed close clustering with their counterparts from other teleost fish. All the genes were found to be constitutively expressed in various tissues of catfish with minor variations. Channel catfish ovarian cells when infected with channel catfish virus showed significant increase in the transcript abundance of all the three genes. Further, RLR genes showed significant increases in expression in the liver tissue collected at different time-points after bacterial infection as well. The results indicate that the catfish RLRs may play important roles in antiviral and anti-bacterial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Rajendran
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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