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Ge X, Yu Z, Guo X, Li L, Ye L, Ye M, Yuan J, Zhu C, Hu W, Hou Y. Complement and complement regulatory proteins are upregulated in lungs of COVID-19 patients. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154519. [PMID: 37244049 PMCID: PMC10165854 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We explored the pathological changes and the activation of local complement system in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung paraffin sections of COVID-19 infected patients were analyzed by HE (hematoxylin-eosin) staining. The deposition of complement C3, the deposition of C3b/iC3b/C3d and C5b-9, and the expression of complement regulatory proteins, CD59, CD46 and CD55 were detected by immunohistochemistry. In COVID-19 patients' lung tissues, fibrin exudation, mixed with erythrocyte, alveolar macrophage and shed pneumocyte are usually observed in the alveoli. The formation of an "alveolar emboli" structure may contribute to thrombosis and consolidation in lung tissue. In addition, we also found that compared to normal tissue, the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients displayed the hyper-activation of complement that is represented by extensive deposition of C3, C3b/iC3b/C3d and C5b-9, and the increased expression level of complement regulatory proteins CD55, and especially CD59 but not CD46. The thrombosis and consolidation in lung tissues may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The increased expression of CD55 and CD59 may reflect a feedback of self-protection on the complement hyper-activation. Further, the increased C3 deposition and the strongly activated complement system in lung tissues may suggest the rationale of complement-targeted therapeutics in conquering COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Dongan Road 270, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Maosong Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Chouwen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Dongan Road 270, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Ma WJ, Shi YH, Chen J. Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) CD46 isoforms protect the cells from autologous complement attack. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:267-275. [PMID: 32360277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CD46 is an important immune regulatory receptor with multiple functions. However, studies on the function of teleost CD46, especially the different CD46 isoforms are limited. In this study, we identified three membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) gene isoforms from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) and tentatively named as PaCD46 isoforms. PaCD46 isoforms were generated by alternative splicing and all consisted of four conserved short consensus repeats (SCRs), and the variable serine-threonine-proline-rich domain, transmembrane hydrophobic domain, and cytoplasmic tail. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isoforms clustered together with other fish CD46 and then with higher animal CD46. Western blotting analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed three bands, all of which had much larger molecular weights than the theoretical values of the three PaCD46 isoforms. Moreover, three PaCD46 isoforms were individually expressed on HEK293 cells, and Western blotting showed the similar band profile to that of PBMC. The recombinant extracellular domain of the PaCD46 isoforms, obtained by expression in Pichia pastoris, significantly reduced hemolysis activity of ayu sera. Furthermore, each of the three PaCD46 isoforms respectively protected the HEK293 cells expressing the isoform. The isoforms were also identified for their protection of autologous PBMC from complement activation. These results provided the first evidence that PaCD46 isoforms may be complement regulatory proteins to prevent complement-induced damage to self-tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yu-Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Tseng MH, Tsai JD, Tsai IJ, Huang SM, Huang JL, Fan WL, Lee HJ, Wu TW, Lin SH. Whole-exome sequencing detects mutations in pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in Taiwan. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:143-150. [PMID: 30905589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a genetic disorder, molecular defects are detected in only 60% of patients. We aim to dissect the genetic background by whole exome sequence and the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with aHUS. Ten patients (6 male and 4 female) with mean age 5.2 ± 5.0 years were enrolled. The age at onset ranged from 2 days to 11 years. Eighteen different mutations (17 missense, 2 nonsense, and 11 novel) on 7 complement and 3 coagulation genes were detected in all patients. The majority of mutation was heterozygous and S1191L on CFH were the recurrent mutation. Sixty percent of patients had multiple genetic mutations. Nine mutations were associated with genes known to be implicated in aHUS (CFH, CFI, CD46, CFHR5, and DGKE), while 4 and 5 mutations were detected on complement- (C8B, C9, and MASP1) and coagulation-associated (VWF and CD36) genes, respectively. CD36 may be a candidate gene act as disease modifier for aHUS through the contribution of thrombosis by impairing the interaction with TSP-1 and ADAMTS 13 shown in simulation model. Genetic defects on both complement and coagulation pathways play pathogenic roles on aHUS. CD36 may be a novel candidate gene act as disease modifier of aHUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Ximen, China
| | - Jeng-Daw Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lang Fan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Wu
- Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li MF, Sun L. Characterization of a teleost membrane-associated protein that is involved in the regulation of complement activation and bacterial infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 79:142-149. [PMID: 29066398 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, membrane-associated complement regulatory proteins (MCRP) can protect host cells from the damaging of the activated complement. In teleost, few studies on the function of MCRP have been documented. In the present report, we identified a MCRP (named CsMCRP) from the teleost fish tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis and examined its immune function. CsMCRP shares moderate sequence identities with fish DAF-like molecules. CsMCRP was predicted to be a transmembrane protein with three short consensus repeats located in the extracellular region. CsMCRP expression occurred in nine different tissues, especially blood, and in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Recombinant CsMCRP inhibited complement activation and interacted with bacterial pathogen, the latter in a highly selective manner. Antibody blocking the CsMCRP on PBL significantly inhibited bacterial infection of PBL. These results indicate that teleost CsMCRP is both a regulator of complement activation and a cellular receptor involved in bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Pahwa R, Kumar U, Das N. Modulation of PBMC-decay accelerating factor (PBMC-DAF) and cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:85-94. [PMID: 26906204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that abnormal expression of complement regulatory proteins and cytokines contribute significantly to the path-physiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In this context, Decay accelerating factor (DAF) a complement regulatory protein is gaining increased attention. With the notion that immune effecter mechanisms are all interlinked and circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) should have a role in a systemic disease like rheumatoid arthritis, we studied the modulation and significance of PBMC-DAF and cytokines in RA. Seventy-five RA patients and 75 healthy controls were recruited. Expression of DAF and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-10) in the PBMCs of patients and controls was determined. Correlations among DAF, cytokines, and disease activity were evaluated by standard statistical methods. The effect of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 on the expression of DAF in patients and controls was studied in vitro. Expression of PBMC-DAF declined in patients both at mRNA and surface level and correlated negatively with the disease activity. Expression of IFN-γ also declined in patients but correlated positively with DAF and negatively with disease activity. Expression of IL-17A and IL-10 was higher in patients. The levels correlated positively with disease activity and negatively with DAF both in patients and controls. In vitro studies indicated that IFN-γ up-regulated DAF expression in PBMCs, whereas IL-17A and IL-10 had negative effect on the same. The decline in the PBMC-DAF is a contributing factor in manifestations of RA. Cytokine environment contributes to this decline. These findings brought novel insights into the complement-cytokine axis in the path-physiology of RA.
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Jiang C, Zhang J, Yao J, Liu S, Li Y, Song L, Li C, Wang X, Liu Z. Complement regulatory protein genes in channel catfish and their involvement in disease defense response. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 53:33-41. [PMID: 26111998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Complement system is one of the most important defense systems of innate immunity, which plays a crucial role in disease defense responses in channel catfish. However, inappropriate and excessive complement activation could lead to potential damage to the host cells. Therefore the complement system is controlled by a set of complement regulatory proteins to allow normal defensive functions, but prevent hazardous complement activation to host tissues. In this study, we identified nine complement regulatory protein genes from the channel catfish genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were conducted to determine their orthology relationships, supporting their correct annotation and potential functional inferences. The expression profiles of the complement regulatory protein genes were determined in channel catfish healthy tissues and after infection with the two main bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. The vast majority of complement regulatory protein genes were significantly regulated after bacterial infections, but interestingly were generally up-regulated after E. ictaluri infection while mostly down-regulated after F. columnare infection, suggesting a pathogen-specific pattern of regulation. Collectively, these findings suggested that complement regulatory protein genes may play complex roles in the host immune responses to bacterial pathogens in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lin Song
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Miyaji K, Paul F, Shahrizaila N, Umapathi T, Yuki N. Complement regulatory proteins (CD46, 55 and 59) expressed on Schwann cells: immune targets in demyelinating neuropathies? J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:172-4. [PMID: 25156074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given their localization and important role in regulating complement, complement regulatory proteins may act as target antigens and their antibodies as biomarkers in demyelinating neuropathies. We investigated the binding of autoantibodies to complement regulatory proteins (CD46, 55 and 59) in demyelinating diseases. In 42 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 23 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 13 acute motor axonal neuropathy, 71 multiple sclerosis, and 19 neuromyelitis optica patients as well as 55 healthy controls, we were unable to detect significant titers of antibodies to CD46, CD55 and CD59. These autoantibodies are unlikely to be biomarkers in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miyaji
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nortina Shahrizaila
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Udagawa T, Motoyoshi Y, Matsumura Y, Takei A, Ariji S, Ito E, Chiga M, Nagasawa M, Morio T, Mizutani S. Effect of eculizumab and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin combination therapy in a 7-year-old girl with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome due to anti-factor H autoantibodies. CEN Case Rep 2014; 3:110-117. [PMID: 28509254 PMCID: PMC5411543 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-013-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), which is defined as non-Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, is a type of thrombotic microangiopathy. This syndrome presents with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Excessive complement activation due to genetic disorders of the complement system or production of autoantibodies to factor H (FH) causes the disease. We report a successful treatment course using eculizumab and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTMD) for a 7-year-old girl with aHUS due to anti-FH autoantibodies. Although her chief complaints were abdominal pain and loose stools, we were finally able to diagnose her with aHUS because Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli was not detected in her feces and a hemolytic assay analyzing FH function was positive. We administrated rTMD to our patient because of signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Soon after the therapeutic intervention, the platelet count began to increase and abdominal pain was moderately improved. Plasma exchange limited the efficacy of her disease. Therefore, we administered eculizumab, monoclonal humanized antibody against C5, 3 weeks after admission. Platelet counts immediately increased and kidney function gradually recovered. Genetic disorders were not detected. However, anti-FH autoantibody was observed. There were no symptoms for recurrence of aHUS or kidney dysfunction for 15 months, as a result of the administration of eculizumab every other week. In conclusion, combination therapy of eculizumab and rTMD was effective for an aHUS patient. This therapy may be helpful for improving the prognosis and long-term kidney function of aHUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Udagawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Yaeko Motoyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumura
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akira Takei
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shohei Ariji
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Eisaku Ito
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Chiga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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