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Rusu M, Hilse K, Schuh A, Martin L, Slabu I, Stoppe C, Liehn EA. Biomechanical assessment of remote and postinfarction scar remodeling following myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16744. [PMID: 31727993 PMCID: PMC6856121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of collagen remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is extensively investigated, but little is known on the biomechanical impact of fibrillar collagen on left ventricle post-MI. We aim to identify the significant effects of the biomechanics of types I, III, and V collagen on physio-pathological changes of murine hearts leading to heart failure. Immediately post-MI, heart reduces its function (EF = 40.94 ± 2.12%) while sarcomeres' dimensions are unchanged. Strikingly, as determined by immunohistochemistry staining, type V collagen fraction significantly grows in remote and scar for sustaining de novo-types I and III collagen fibers' assembly while hindering their enzymatic degradation. Thereafter, the compensatory heart function (EF = 63.04 ± 3.16%) associates with steady development of types I and III collagen in a stiff remote (12.79 ± 1.09 MPa) and scar (22.40 ± 1.08 MPa). In remote, the soft de novo-type III collagen uncoils preventing further expansion of elongated sarcomeres (2.7 ± 0.3 mm). Once the compensatory mechanisms are surpassed, the increased turnover of stiff type I collagen (>50%) lead to a pseudo-stable biomechanical regime of the heart (≅9 MPa) with reduced EF (50.55 ± 3.25%). These end-characteristics represent the common scenario evidenced in patients suffering from heart failure after MI. Our pre-clinical data advances the understanding of the cause of heart failure induced in patients with extended MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Rusu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Hilse
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schuh
- Department of Cardiology Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Karthikeyan B, Sonkawade SD, Pokharel S, Preda M, Schweser F, Zivadinov R, Kim M, Sharma UC. Tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging to quantify regional mechanical changes after acute myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 66:208-218. [PMID: 31668928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The conventional volumetric approaches of measuring cardiac function are load-dependent, and are not able to discriminate functional changes in the infarct, transition and remote myocardium. We examined phase-dependent regional mechanical changes in the infarct, transition and remote regions after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in a preclinical mouse model using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS We induced acute MI in six mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. We then examined cardiac (infarct, transition and remote-zone) morphology and function utilizing 9.4 T high field CMR before and 2 weeks after the induction of acute MI. Myocardial scar tissue was evaluated by using CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). After determining global function through volumetric analysis, regional wall motion was evaluated by measuring wall thickening and radial velocities. Strain rate imaging was performed to assess circumferential contraction and relaxation at the myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium. RESULTS There was abnormal LGE in the anterior walls after acute MI suggesting a successful MI procedure. The transition zone consisted of a mixed signal intensity, while the remote zone contained viable myocardium. As expected, the infarct zone had demonstrated severely decreased myocardial velocities and strain rates, suggesting reduced contraction and relaxation function. Compared to pre-infarct baseline, systolic and diastolic velocities (vS and vD) were significantly reduced at the transition zone (vS: -1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs -0.68 ± 0.13 cm/s, P < 0.001; vD: 1.86 ± 0.17 cm/s vs 0.53 ± 0.06 cm/s, P < 0.001) and remote zone (vS: -1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs -0.65 ± 0.12 cm/s, P < 0.001; vD: 1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs 0.51 ± 0.04 cm/s, P < 0.001). Myocardial peak systolic and diastolic strain rates (SRS and SRD) were significantly lower in the transition zone (SRS: -4.2 ± 0.3 s-1 vs -1.3 ± 0.2 s-1, P < 0.001; SRD: 3.9 ± 0.3 s-1 vs 1.3 ± 0.2 s-1, P < 0.001) and remote zone (SRS: -3.8 ± 0.3 s-1 vs -1.4 ± 0.3 s-1, P < 0.001; SRD: 3.5 ± 0.2 s-1 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 s-1, P = 0.006). Endocardial and epicardial SRS and SRD were similarly reduced in the transition and remote zones compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, utilized state-of-the art high-field CMR algorithms in a preclinical mouse model for a comprehensive and controlled evaluation of the regional mechanical changes in the transition and remote zones, after acute MI. Our data demonstrate that CMR can quantitatively monitor dynamic post-MI remodeling in the transition and remote zones, thereby serving as a gold standard tool for therapeutic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Karthikeyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Swati D Sonkawade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Marilena Preda
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
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Paulino ET, Barros Ferreira AK, da Silva JCG, Ferreira Costa CD, Smaniotto S, de Araújo-Júnior JX, Silva Júnior EF, Bortoluzzi JH, Nogueira Ribeiro ÊA. Cardioprotective effects induced by hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Alpinia zerumbet on myocardial infarction in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112037. [PMID: 31247239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The leaves of Alpinia zerumbet is used in folk medicine in Brazil to treat hypertension. However, the cardioprotective effect of this plant has not been studied yet. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet (AZE) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were pretreated orally with AZE (300 mg/kg) for 30 days prior to ISO-induced myocardial infarction. The rats were sacrificed and hearts were collected and homogenized for biochemical analysis. At the end of the experiment, cardiac marker enzyme levels, histological and morphometric parameters, and hemodynamic measurements were assessed. Phytochemical compounds were verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Rats administered with ISO showed a significant increase in cardiac marker enzymes, i.e., in creatine kinase-NAC (CK-NAC) and CK-MB. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining exhibited an increase in infarct areas. In the animals treated with ISO induced a significant increase in heart rate. Pretreatment with AZE significantly inhibited these effects of ISO. Moreover, biochemical findings were supported by histopathological observations. The GC-MS analyses of AZE identified volatile oils, kavalactones, and phytosterols. CONCLUSIONS Haemodynamic, biochemical alteration and histopathological results suggest a cardioprotective protective effect of oral administration of AZE in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Salete Smaniotto
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Federal University of Alagoas, Chemical and Biotechnology Institute, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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de Freitas JS, Neves CA, Del Carlo RJ, Belfort FG, Lavorato VN, Silame-Gomes LH, Ramos RM, Cunha DQD, Okano BS, Pereira VG, de Oliveira EM, Carneiro-Júnior MA, Natali AJ. Effects of exercise training and stem cell therapy on the left ventricle of infarcted rats. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Basic fibroblast growth factor attenuates left-ventricular remodeling following surgical ventricular restoration in a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 68:311-318. [PMID: 31410725 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although surgical ventricular restoration for ischemic cardiomyopathy is expected as an alternative or bridge to heart transplantation, post-operative remodeling of left ventricle (LV) needs to be addressed. This study aimed to examine the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which induces angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in ischemic myocardium, to prevent remodeling after surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) using a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model. METHODS Four weeks after coronary artery ligation, rats were divided into two groups: rats treated with SVR alone (SVR; n = 21), and rats treated with SVR and local sustained release of bFGF using gelatin hydrogel sheet (SVR + bFGF; n = 22). Cardiac function was assessed by serial echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Cardiac tissue sections were histologically examined for vascular density and fibrosis. RESULTS Higher systolic function and lower LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were observed in rats treated with SVR + bFGF (SVR vs SVR + bFGF; Ees: 0.22 ± 0.11 vs 0.33 ± 0.22 mmHg/μL, p = 0.0328; LVEDP: 12.7 ± 7.0 vs 8.5 ± 4.3 mmHg, p = 0.0230). LV area tended to be lower in rats treated with SVR + bFGF compared to rats treated with SVR alone (left-ventricular end-diastolic area: 0.66 ± 0.07 vs 0.62 ± 0.07 cm2, p = 0.071). Vascular density tended to be higher in rats treated with SVR + bFGF than those without bFGF (23.3 ± 8.1 vs 28.8 ± 9.5/mm2, p = 0.0509). CONCLUSIONS BFGF induced angiogenesis and attenuated remodeling after SVR which secured the efficacy of SVR in a rat ischemic cardiomyopathy model.
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Herrero D, Cañón S, Pelacho B, Salvador-Bernáldez M, Aguilar S, Pogontke C, Carmona RM, Salvador JM, Perez-Pomares JM, Klein OD, Prósper F, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Bernad A. Bmi1-Progenitor Cell Ablation Impairs the Angiogenic Response to Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2160-2173. [PMID: 29930004 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Cardiac progenitor cells reside in the heart in adulthood, although their physiological relevance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that after myocardial infarction, adult Bmi1+ (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog [PCGF4]) cardiac cells are a key progenitor-like population in cardiac neovascularization during ventricular remodeling. Approach and Results- These cells, which have a strong in vivo differentiation bias, are a mixture of endothelial- and mesenchymal-related cells with in vitro spontaneous endothelial cell differentiation capacity. Genetic lineage tracing analysis showed that heart-resident Bmi1+ progenitor cells proliferate after acute myocardial infarction and differentiate to generate de novo cardiac vasculature. In a mouse model of induced myocardial infarction, genetic ablation of these cells substantially deteriorated both heart angiogenesis and the ejection fraction, resulting in an ischemic-dilated cardiac phenotype. Conclusions- These findings imply that endothelial-related Bmi1+ progenitor cells are necessary for injury-induced neovascularization in adult mouse heart and highlight these cells as a suitable therapeutic target for preventing dysfunctional left ventricular remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Herrero
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Susana Cañón
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Regenerative Medicine Area, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (B.P., F.P.).,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (B.P., F.P.)
| | - María Salvador-Bernáldez
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Susana Aguilar
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Cristina Pogontke
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) and BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía), Universidad de Málaga, Spain (C.P., J.M.P.-P.)
| | - Rosa María Carmona
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Jesús María Salvador
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
| | - Jose María Perez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) and BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía), Universidad de Málaga, Spain (C.P., J.M.P.-P.)
| | - Ophir David Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco (O.D.K.)
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Regenerative Medicine Area, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (B.P., F.P.).,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (B.P., F.P.)
| | - Luis Jesús Jimenez-Borreguero
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC) and Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Antonio Bernad
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (D.H., S.C., M.S.-B., S.A., R.M.C., J.M.S., A.B.)
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Liu D, Guo M, Zhou P, Xiao J, Ji X. TSLP promote M2 macrophages polarization and cardiac healing after myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:437-444. [PMID: 31227217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in inflammation and cardiac remodeling in response to myocardial infarction (MI). Earlier shift of inflammtory M1 macrophages to reparative M2 macrophages has demonstrated significant improvements in MI wound modeling and cardiac function. Here, we reported that TSLP could promote M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, and AngII skewed the macrophage phenotype towards M2 by inducing TSLP expression in vitro. Meanwhile, AngII could inhibit the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in macrophages, which are engaged in ECM degradation and cardiac remodeling. In post-MI mice, TSLP expression were up-regulated in cardiac tissue and serum, probably induced by renin-angiotensin system activation and AngII level up-regulation following MI. Our study mapped the continuum of changes that occured in cardiac macrophages over the first week of MI, and found that rTSLP treatment promoted earlier phenotype shift of M1 to M2 macrophages, improving cardiac healing and ventricular function recovery. Taken together, this work identified a very promising therapeutic opportunity to manage macrophage phenotype and enhance resolution of inflammation in the post-MI heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Emergency, Linyi people's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Gago-Lopez N, Li N, Zhang Z, Alver N, Liu Y, Martinson AM, Mehri A, MacLellan WR. Single-cell imaging and transcriptomic analyses of endogenous cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and cycling. Cell Discov 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 31231540 PMCID: PMC6547664 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is recognized that there are low levels of new cardiomyocyte (CM) formation throughout life, the source of these new CM generates much debate. One hypothesis is that these new CMs arise from the proliferation of existing CMs potentially after dedifferentiation although direct evidence for this is lacking. Here we explore the mechanisms responsible for CM renewal in vivo using multi-reporter transgenic mouse models featuring efficient adult CM (ACM) genetic cell fate mapping and real-time cardiomyocyte lineage and dedifferentiation reporting. Our results demonstrate that non-myocytes (e.g., cardiac progenitor cells) contribute negligibly to new ACM formation at baseline or after cardiac injury. In contrast, we found a significant increase in dedifferentiated, cycling CMs in post-infarct hearts. ACM cell cycling was enhanced within the dedifferentiated CM population. Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CMs identified with dedifferentiation reporters had significant down-regulation in gene networks for cardiac hypertrophy, contractile, and electrical function, with shifts in metabolic pathways, but up-regulation in signaling pathways and gene sets for active cell cycle, proliferation, and cell survival. The results demonstrate that dedifferentiation may be an important prerequisite for CM proliferation and explain the limited but measurable cardiac myogenesis seen after myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nuria Gago-Lopez
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ning Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,4State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Naima Alver
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Yonggang Liu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- 2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,5Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Avin Mehri
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - William Robb MacLellan
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,6Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Carter-Storch R, Moller JE, Christensen NL, Rasmussen LM, Pecini R, Søndergård E, Videbæk LM, Dahl JS. End-systolic wall stress in aortic stenosis: comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001021. [PMID: 31168387 PMCID: PMC6519411 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In aortic stenosis (AS), there is poor association between symptoms and conventional markers of AS severity or left ventricular (LV) systolic function. This may reflect that symptoms arise from LV diastolic dysfunction or that aortic valve area (AVA) and transvalvular gradient do not reflect afterload. We aimed to study the impact of afterload (end-systolic wall stress [ESWS]) on the presence of symptoms in AS and to test whether symptoms are related to increased ESWS or LV remodelling. Methods and results In a prospective study, ESWS was estimated by measuring LV wall thickness from MRI and estimated LV end systolic pressure from echocardiographic mean gradient and systolic blood pressure in 78 patients with severe AS scheduled for aortic valve replacement and 91 patients with asymptomatic severe AS. Symptomatic patients had lower indexed AVA (0.40±0.11 vs 0.45±0.09 cm2/m2, p=0.009). They had undergone more extensive remodelling (MRI LV mass index [LVMi]: 85±24 vs 69±17 g/m2, p<0.0001), had higher tricuspid regurgitant gradient (24±8 mm Hg vs 19 ± 7 mm Hg, p=0.0001) and poorer global longitudinal strain (-15.6±3.8 vs -19.9±3.2%, p<0.0001). ESWS was higher among symptomatic patients (96±51 vs 76±25 kdynes/cm2, p=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression identified echocardiographic relative wall thickness, tricuspid gradient, mitral deceleration time, early diastolic strain rate, MRI LVMi, MRI LV end-diastolic volume index and ESWS as independently associated with being symptomatic. Conclusion ESWS can be estimated from multimodality imaging combining MRI and echocardiography. It is correlated with LV remodelling and neurohormonal activation and is independently associated with symptomatic status in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Carter-Storch
- Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, OPEN Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Eifer Moller
- Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, OPEN Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Redi Pecini
- Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Schumacher D, Alampour-Rajabi S, Ponomariov V, Curaj A, Wu Z, Staudt M, Rusu M, Jankowski V, Marx N, Jankowski J, Brandenburg V, Liehn EA, Schuh A. Cardiac FGF23: new insights into the role and function of FGF23 after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 40:47-54. [PMID: 30852297 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the local role of FGF23 after myocardial infarction in a mouse model induced by left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. APPROACH AND RESULTS: (C57BL/6 N) mice underwent MI via LAD ligation and were sacrificed at different time-points post MI. The expression and influence of FGF23 on fibroblast and macrophages was also analyzed using isolated murine cells. We identified enhanced cardiac FGF23 mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner with an early increase, already on the first day after MI. FGF23 protein expression was abundantly detected in the infarcted area during the inflammatory phase. While described to be primarily produced in bone or macrophages, we identified cardiac fibroblasts as the only source of local FGF23 production after MI. Inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were able to induce FGF23 expression in these cardiac fibroblasts. Interestingly, we were not able to detect FGF23 at later time points after MI in mature scar tissue or remote myocardium, most likely due to TGF-β1, which we have shown to inhibit the expression of FGF23. We identified FGFR1c to be the most abundant receptor for FGF23 in infarcted myocardium and cardiac macrophages and fibroblasts. FGF23 increased migration of cardiac fibroblast, as well as expression of Collagen 1, Periostin, Fibronectin and MMP8. FGF23 also increased expression of TGF-β1 in M2 polarized macrophages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cardiac fibroblasts in the infarcted myocardium produce and express FGF23 as well as its respective receptors in a time-dependent manner, thus potentially influencing resident cell migration. The transitory local expression of FGF23 after MI points towards a complex role of FGF23 in myocardial ischemia and warrants further exploration, considering its role in ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Victor Ponomariov
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Applied System, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mareike Staudt
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alexander Schuh
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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Ballo H, Tarkia M, Haavisto M, Stark C, Strandberg M, Vähäsilta T, Saunavaara V, Tolvanen T, Teräs M, Hynninen VV, Savunen T, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Saraste A. Determinants of Myocardial Strain in Experimental Chronic Myocardial Infarction. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:568-578. [PMID: 30467033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationships between regional myocardial strain measured by speckle tracking echocardiography and viability, fibrosis, hypertrophy and oxygen consumption in the infarcted or remote myocardium in a pig model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI). Thirteen farm pigs with surgical occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and five sham-operated pigs were studied 3 mo post-MI. Computed tomography revealed significant left ventricle remodeling. Reduced radial or circumferential strain identified areas of transmural infarction (area under the curve: 0.82 and 0.79, respectively). In the remote non-infarcted area, radial strain correlated inversely with the amount of fibrosis (r = -0.66, p = 0.04) and myocyte hypertrophy (r = -0.68, p = 0.03). Radial strain rate inversely correlated with myocardial resting oxygen consumption assessed with 11C-labeled acetate positron emission tomography (r = -0.71, p = 0.006). In conclusion, myocardial strain and strain rate reflect fibrosis, hypertrophy and oxygen consumption of the remote areas after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Ballo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Miikka Tarkia
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Haavisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Stark
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjatta Strandberg
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Vähäsilta
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Division of Medical Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Teräs
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville-Veikko Hynninen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Savunen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Khan K, Gasbarrino K, Mahmoud I, Makhoul G, Yu B, Dufresne L, Daskalopoulou SS, Schwertani A, Cecere R. Bioactive scaffolds in stem-cell-based therapies for cardiac repair: protocol for a meta-analysis of randomized controlled preclinical trials in animal myocardial infarction models. Syst Rev 2018; 7:225. [PMID: 30518435 PMCID: PMC6280361 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide with no curative therapy available. Stem cell therapies have been gaining interest as a means to repair the cardiac tissue after MI and prevent the onset of heart failure. Many in vivo reports suggest that the use of stem cells is promising, yet clinical trials suggest that the cells fail to integrate into the native tissue, resulting in limited improvements in cardiac function and repair. To battle this limitation, the combination of using stem cells embedded in a bioactive scaffold that promotes cell retention is growing in interest. Yet, a systematic review of the literature on the use of stem cells embedded in bioactive scaffolds for cardiac repair has not yet been performed. In this protocol, we outline a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical trials in animal MI models that utilize stem cell-embedded scaffolds for cardiac repair and compare their effects to stem cell-treated animals without the use of a scaffold. METHODS/DESIGN We will search the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and gray literature: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health and Google Scholar. We will only include randomly controlled preclinical trials that have directly investigated the effects of stem cells embedded in a scaffold for cardiac repair in an animal MI model. Two investigators will independently review each article included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint that will be investigated is left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary endpoints will include infarct size, end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, fractional shortening and left ventricular wall thickness. Pooled analyses will be conducted using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects and Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect models. Between-studies heterogeneity will be quantified and determined using the Tau2 and I2 statistics. Publication bias will be assessed using visual inspection of funnel plots and complemented by Begg's and Egger's statistical tests. Possible sources of heterogeneity will be assessed using subgroup-meta analysis and meta-regression. DISCUSSION To date, the use of scaffolds in myocardial repair has not yet been systematically reviewed. The results of this meta-analysis will aid in determining the efficacy of stem cell-embedded scaffolds for cardiac repair and help bring this therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Ibtisam Mahmoud
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Georges Makhoul
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Line Dufresne
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Stella S. Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Renzo Cecere
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Glen Campus-The Royal Victoria Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada
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Ivanov MV, Popovich MI, Cheban LM, Popovich IM, Ivanov VM, Kobets VA. Predictor value of the inflammation biomarkers regarding the post-infarction remodeling of myocardium. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2018. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2018-5-17-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim.To study the trait of the changes of circulating level of pro- and antiinflammatory biomarkers as well as metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in the first 7 days after revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) for assessment of their prognostic value regarding post-infarction remodeling pattern.Material and methods.In 113 patients with STEMI which developed in 5 months after angioplasty adaptive myocardium remodeling (AMR) (n=56) or pathological myocardium remodeling (PMR) (n=57), determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method daily serum concentration of pro-inflammatory ((high sensitive C reactive protein, interleukins (IL) 1, 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1)), anti-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-4, IL-10, IL-33, IL-1 receptor antagonist and heregulin-1beta) аs well as ММР-8 in the first 7 days after myocardium revascularization. According to clinic-demographic indices both groups were comparable. Obtained data have been compared with results of 20 healthy persons (control group).Results.The dynamics of pro-inflammatory biomarkers did not differ in patients with AMR and PMR after revascularization. It was characterized by a significant biomarker increase at 3-rd day followed by a decline toward 7-th day up to initial level. Among anti-inflammatory biomarkers IL-4 and IL-10 have manifested by a distinct dynamic in concern to myocardial remodeling pattern. In both groups these interleukins decreased after angioplasty, reaching a minimal level at 3-rd day. However, in patients with AMR since 4-th day has been established an increase of serum content of IL-4 and IL-10, their increment being at 7-th day in a range of 52-55% (p<0,05). In patients with PMR the interleukins rise was negligible: 5,7-5,8%. MMP-8 dynamics also has been different in groups and was correlated with dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10. Thus, in patients with AMR its level has fallen since 4-th day up to 7-th day by 46,6%, while in group with PMR metalloproteinase level in this period practically did not change, remaining significantly higher than control by 45-53%.Conclusion.In our study the serum content of main pro-inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-ɑ) didn’t differ in the first 7 days after revascularization in patients with adaptive and pathological postinfarction remodeling of myocardium, and thus don’t have predictive value concerning the remodeling pattern. Among anti-inflammatory cytokines dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10 differed in dependence on remodeling pattern. Their significant elevation by 52-55% from 4th up to 7th day after angioplasty was established in patients with adaptive myocardium remodeling, while in PMR their level didn’t change during this period that can emphasize their prognostic value. The character of MMP-8 change is pathogenetically correlated with dynamics of IL-4 and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. M. Cheban
- Cardiology Research Center; Multi-specialty hospital Novamed
| | | | | | - V. A. Kobets
- Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
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Sung PH, Chua S, Chen KH, Sun CK, Li YC, Huang CR, Luo CW, Chai HT, Lu HI, Yip HK. Role of double knockdown of tPA and MMP-9 on regulating the left ventricular function and remodeling followed by transverse aortic constriction-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2781-2795. [PMID: 30323866 PMCID: PMC6176237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that extracellular matrix accumulation in tPA-/-/MMP-9-/- [double-knockout (DKO)] may be protective against left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction following transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) were equally categorized into sham-control (SC1) and TAC1. Similarly, DKO mice (n = 20) were equally divided into two groups (i.e., SC2 and ATC2). By days 28/60 after TAC, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly higher in TAC2 than TAC1, whereas LV end-systolic/diastolic dimensions displayed an opposite pattern to LVEF between the two groups (all P < 0.05). By day 90, LVEF was significantly higher in SC groups than that in TAC1 and TAC2 without notable difference between the latter two groups, whereas LV end-systolic/diastolic dimensions, cardiomyocyte size and right-ventricular systolic pressure showed an opposite pattern compared with LVEF in all groups (all P < 0.01). Total heart weight was highest in TAC1 and significantly higher in TAC2 than those in the SC groups (P < 0.01). LV myocardial protein expressions of inflammation (TNF-α/NF-κβ), apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved caspase-3/PARP), oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein), fibrosis (Smad3/TGF-β), DNA/mitochondrial damage (γ-H2AX/cytosolic-cytochrome-C) and LV hypertrophy/pressure-overload (β-MHC/BNP) biomarkers were significantly increased in TAC2 compared to TAC1 and SC groups, and significantly increased in TAC1 compared to SC groups (all P < 0.001). Histopathology demonstrated that the fibrotic/collagen-deposition areas and sarcomere length exhibited an identical pattern to inflammation among the four groups (all P < 0.0001). In conclusion, although tPA-/-/MMP-9-/- seemed to preserve cardiac function in an experimental setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at an early stage, it failed to exert long-term protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International StudentsKaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruei Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tan Chai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internl Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
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Lacerda D, Ortiz V, Türck P, Campos-Carraro C, Zimmer A, Teixeira R, Bianchi S, de Castro AL, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A, Bassani VL, da Rosa Araujo AS. Stilbenoid pterostilbene complexed with cyclodextrin preserves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in rats: possible involvement of thiol proteins and modulation of phosphorylated GSK-3β. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:988-999. [PMID: 30203709 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1506115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress alters signalling pathways for survival and cell death favouring the adverse remodelling of postmyocardial remnant cardiomyocytes, promoting functional impairment. The administration of pterostilbene (PTS), a phytophenol with antioxidant potential, can promote cardioprotection and represents a therapeutic alternative in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study aims to explore the effects of oral administration of PTS complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin HPβCD (PTS:HPβCD complex) on the glutathione cycle, thiol protein activities and signalling pathways involving the protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) proteins in the left ventricle (LV) of infarcted rats. Animals were submitted to acute myocardial infarction through surgical ligation of the descending anterior branch of the left coronary artery and received over 8 days, by gavage, PTS:HPβCD complex at dose of 100 mg kg-1 day-1 (AMI + PTS group) or vehicle (aqueous solution with HPβCD) divided into Sham-operated (SHAM) and infarcted (AMI) groups. The results showed that the PBS: HPβCD complex decreased lipid peroxidation, prevented the decrease in thioredoxin reductase (TRxR) activity, and increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutaredoxin (GRx). Additionally, the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid two (Nrf2) and p-GSK-3β was increased, whereas the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio was reduced in the LV of the infarcted animals. Overall, the PTS:HPβCD complex modulates activity of thiol-dependent enzymes and induces to the expression of antioxidant proteins, improving systolic function and mitigating the adverse cardiac remodelling post infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lacerda
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ortiz
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Patrick Türck
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Zimmer
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Rayane Teixeira
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Sara Bianchi
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Instituto de Ciências Básicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Paulo Cavalheiro Schenkel
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Garg P, Crandon S, Swoboda PP, Fent GJ, Foley JRJ, Chew PG, Brown LAE, Vijayan S, Hassell MECJ, Nijveldt R, Bissell M, Elbaz MSM, Al-Mohammad A, Westenberg JJM, Greenwood JP, van der Geest RJ, Plein S, Dall’Armellina E. Left ventricular blood flow kinetic energy after myocardial infarction - insights from 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:61. [PMID: 30165869 PMCID: PMC6117925 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to complex changes in left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics that are linked to clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that LV blood flow kinetic energy (KE) is altered in MI and is associated with LV function and infarct characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the intra-cavity LV blood flow KE in controls and MI patients, using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow assessment. METHODS Forty-eight patients with MI (acute-22; chronic-26) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy controls underwent CMR which included cines and whole-heart 4D flow. Patients also received late gadolinium enhancement imaging for infarct assessment. LV blood flow KE parameters were indexed to LV end-diastolic volume and include: averaged LV, minimal, systolic, diastolic, peak E-wave and peak A-wave KEiEDV. In addition, we investigated the in-plane proportion of LV KE (%) and the time difference (TD) to peak E-wave KE propagation from base to mid-ventricle was computed. Association of LV blood flow KE parameters to LV function and infarct size were investigated in all groups. RESULTS LV KEiEDV was higher in controls than in MI patients (8.5 ± 3 μJ/ml versus 6.5 ± 3 μJ/ml, P = 0.02). Additionally, systolic, minimal and diastolic peak E-wave KEiEDV were lower in MI (P < 0.05). In logistic-regression analysis, systolic KEiEDV (Beta = - 0.24, P < 0.01) demonstrated the strongest association with the presence of MI. In multiple-regression analysis, infarct size was most strongly associated with in-plane KE (r = 0.5, Beta = 1.1, P < 0.01). In patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF), minimal and in-plane KEiEDV were reduced (P < 0.05) and time difference to peak E-wave KE propagation during diastole increased (P < 0.05) when compared to controls with normal EF. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in LV systolic function results in reduction in systolic flow KEiEDV. Infarct size is independently associated with the proportion of in-plane LV KE. Degree of LV impairment is associated with TD of peak E-wave KE. In patient with preserved EF post MI, LV blood flow KE mapping demonstrated significant changes in the in-plane KE, the minimal KEiEDV and the TD. These three blood flow KE parameters may offer novel methods to identify and describe this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Saul Crandon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Peter P. Swoboda
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Graham J. Fent
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - James R. J. Foley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Pei G. Chew
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Louise A. E. Brown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Sethumadhavan Vijayan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mariëlla E. C. J. Hassell
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malenka Bissell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mohammed S. M. Elbaz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos J. M. Westenberg
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Rob J. van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Plein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Erica Dall’Armellina
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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Abstract
20-HETE, the ω-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F gene families, is a bioactive lipid mediator with potent effects on the vasculature including stimulation of smooth muscle cell contractility, migration and proliferation as well as activation of endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Clinical studies have shown elevated levels of plasma and urinary 20-HETE in human diseases and conditions such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic kidney diseases. Studies of polymorphic associations also suggest an important role for 20-HETE in hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. Animal models of increased 20-HETE production are hypertensive and are more susceptible to cardiovascular injury. The current review summarizes recent findings that focus on the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of vascular and cardiac function and its contribution to the pathology of vascular and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
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69
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Maki KC, Dicklin MR. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Glass Half Full or Time to Nail the Coffin Shut? Nutrients 2018; 10:E864. [PMID: 29973554 PMCID: PMC6073248 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great deal of controversy in recent years about the potential role of dietary supplementation with long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Four recent meta-analyses have been published that evaluated randomized, controlled trial (RCT) data from studies that assessed the effects of supplemental n-3 PUFA intake on CVD endpoints. The authors of those reports reached disparate conclusions. This review explores the reasons informed experts have drawn different conclusions from the evidence, and addresses implications for future investigation. Although RCT data accumulated to date have failed to provide unequivocal evidence of CVD risk reduction with n-3 PUFA supplementation, many studies were limited by design issues, including low dosage, no assessment of n-3 status, and absence of a clear biological target or pathophysiologic hypothesis for the intervention. The most promising evidence supports n-3 PUFA supplementation for prevention of cardiac death. Two ongoing trials have enrolled high cardiovascular risk subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and are administering larger dosages of n-3 PUFA than employed in previous RCTs. These are expected to clarify the potential role of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation in CVD risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA.
| | - Mary R Dicklin
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA.
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70
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Peña B, Laughter M, Jett S, Rowland TJ, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Park D. Injectable Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800079. [PMID: 29733514 PMCID: PMC6166441 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In light of the limited efficacy of current treatments for cardiac regeneration, tissue engineering approaches have been explored for their potential to provide mechanical support to injured cardiac tissues, deliver cardio-protective molecules, and improve cell-based therapeutic techniques. Injectable hydrogels are a particularly appealing system as they hold promise as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. Moreover, injectable acellular alginate-based hydrogels have been tested clinically in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and show preservation of the left ventricular (LV) indices and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This review provides an overview of recent developments that have occurred in the design and engineering of various injectable hydrogel systems for cardiac tissue engineering efforts, including a comparison of natural versus synthetic systems with emphasis on the ideal characteristics for biomimetic cardiac materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Peña
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa Laughter
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Bioscience 2 1270 E. Montview Avenue, Suite 100, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Susan Jett
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Teisha J Rowland
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daewon Park
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Bioscience 2 1270 E. Montview Avenue, Suite 100, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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71
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Kimbrough D, Wang SH, Wright LH, Mani SK, Kasiganesan H, LaRue AC, Cheng Q, Nadig SN, Atkinson C, Menick DR. HDAC inhibition helps post-MI healing by modulating macrophage polarization. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:51-63. [PMID: 29680681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes remodeling in order to prevent dilation of the infarct area and maintain cardiac output. Excessive and prolonged inflammation following an MI exacerbates adverse ventricular remodeling. Macrophages are an integral part of the inflammatory response that contribute to this remodeling. Treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors preserves LV function and myocardial remodeling in the post-MI heart. This study tested whether inhibition of HDAC activity resulted in preserving post-MI LV function through the regulation of macrophage phenotype and early resolution of inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS HDAC inhibition does not affect the recruitment of CD45+ leukocytes, CD45+/CD11b+ inflammatory monocytes or CD45+/CD11b+CD86+ inflammatory macrophages for the first 3 days following infarct. Further, HDAC inhibition does not change the high expression level of the inflammatory cytokines in the first days following MI. However, by day 7, there was a significant reduction in the levels of CD45+/Cd11b+ and CD45+/CD11b+/CD86+ cells with HDAC inhibition. Remarkably, HDAC inhibition resulted in the dramatic increase in the recruitment of CD45+/CD11b+/CD206+ alternatively activated macrophages as early as 1 day which remained significantly elevated until 5 days post-MI. qRT-PCR revealed that HDAC inhibitor treatment shifts the cytokine and chemokine environment towards an M2 phenotype with upregulation of M2 markers at 1 and 5 days post-MI. Importantly, HDAC inhibition correlates with significant preservation of both LV ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume and is associated with a significant increase in micro-vessel density in the border zone at 14 days post-MI. CONCLUSION Inhibition of HDAC activity result in the early recruitment of reparative CD45+/CD11b+/CD206+ macrophages in the post-MI heart and correlates with improved ventricular function and remodeling. This work identifies a very promising therapeutic opportunity to manage macrophage phenotype and enhance resolution of inflammation in the post-MI heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Kimbrough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sabina H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lillianne H Wright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Santhosh K Mani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Donald R Menick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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72
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The relationship between serum fibrosis markers and restrictive ventricular filling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A technetium-99m radionuclide ventriculography study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2381-2390. [PMID: 27924061 PMCID: PMC5356808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis leads to a restrictive diastolic filling pattern of the left ventricle which is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with heart failure. We investigated the relationship between cardiac fibrosis and restrictive filling pattern of the left ventricle measured by Tc99m left ventriculography in patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure. Serum cardiac extracellular matrix markers including type I and III aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen (PINP and PIIINP), matrix metalloproteinase-2,9 (MMP-2,9), and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) were analyzed. Fifty-one (39 males) patients were enrolled. Their median age was 51.8 years, and median left ventricular ejection fraction was 31.9%. Time to peak filling rate of the left ventricle was significantly correlated with serum levels of the three cardiac extracellular matrix markers (TIMP-1, PIIINP, and MMP-2). The patients with a restrictive diastolic filling pattern of the left ventricle (time to peak filling rate ≤ 154 ms) had significantly higher levels of these extracellular matrix markers. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, areas under the curve of PIIINP, TIMP-1, and MMP-2 were 0.758, 0.695, and 0.751 to predict the presence of a restrictive pattern. In C-statistics, all three cardiac extracellular matrix markers significantly increased the area under the curve after adding creatinine. In net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement models, PIIINP and MMP-2 significantly improved the predictive power of age, creatinine and brain natriuretic peptide. In conclusion, serum extracellular matrix markers are significantly correlated with restrictive diastolic filling pattern of the left ventricle in patients with heart failure.
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73
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Ola RK, Meena CB, Ramakrishnan S, Agarwal A, Bhargava S. Detection of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention by Two Dimensional and Three Dimensional Echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2018; 28:39-44. [PMID: 29629258 PMCID: PMC5875134 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_32_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) harbingers poor prognosis. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is more accurate than 2 D echo for the assessment of left ventricle (LV) shape. We assessed LV geometry with 3D ECHO 6 months after STEMI in patients who had primary angioplasty. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, morphological and functional analysis of LV with 3D ECHO (volumes, LVEF, 3D sphericity index [SI]) was assessed up to 7 days and 6 months in 42 STEMI patients. The LVR was considered for increase >15% of the end diastolic volume of the LV (LVEDV) 6 months after the STEMI, compared to the LVEDV up to 7 days of it. Results Sixteen (38%) patients had LVR. 3D Echocardiographic measurements up to 7 days after the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1-LVEDV in ventricular remodeling group was 99.8 ± 19.1 ml and in no ventricular remodeling group was 87 ± 18.2 mL (P = 0.037); 2-LVEF was 0.48 ± 0.01 and 51 ± 0.02 (P <.001); 3D-SI was 0.41 ± 0.05 and 31 ± 0.05 (P < 0.001) II-after 6 months: 1-LVEDV in remodeling group was 114.2 ± 19.5 mL and no remodeling group was 94.2 ± 18.6 (P = 0.002); 2-LVEF was 0.58 ± 0.01 and 59 ± .01 (P = 0.003); 3D-sphericity was 0.35 ± 0.05 and 28 ± .05 (P < 0.001). Conclusion LVR was observed in 38% of the patients 6 months after AMI. The 3D SI has been associated with occurrence of LVR and can differentiate patients with and without subsequent development of LVR accurately and early on its basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Ola
- Department of Cardiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Ashish Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smriti Bhargava
- Department of Cardiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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74
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Swirski FK. Inflammation and repair in the ischaemic myocardium. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:34-6. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryShortly after myocardial infarction, various circulating leukocyte subsets accumulate in the heart. Leukocyte recruitment is highly coordinated and relies on cell production in the bone marrow, mobilization to the blood, and chemokine-mediated infiltration to the destination tissue. Neutrophils, which are phagocytic and inflammatory, are among the first leukocytes to accumulate in large numbers. Within a day, neutrophils disappear and are replaced by a subset of monocytes that further contribute to inflammation and phagocytosis. After a few days, monocyte-derived reparative macrophages accrue, quell inflammation, and foster angiogenesis and tissue remodelling. Studies suggest a wellbalanced response comprising these three waves is essential to optimal infarct healing.
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75
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Kain V, Liu F, Kozlovskaya V, Ingle KA, Bolisetty S, Agarwal A, Khedkar S, Prabhu SD, Kharlampieva E, Halade GV. Resolution Agonist 15-epi-Lipoxin A 4 Programs Early Activation of Resolving Phase in Post-Myocardial Infarction Healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9999. [PMID: 28855632 PMCID: PMC5577033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), overactive inflammation remodels the left ventricle (LV) leading to heart failure coinciding with reduced levels of 15-epi-Lipoxin A4 (15-epi LXA4). However, the role of 15-epi LXA4 in post-MI acute inflammatory response and resolving phase is unclear. We hypothesize that liposomal fusion of 15-epi-LXA4 (Lipo-15-epi-LXA4) or free 15-epi-LXA4 will expedite the resolving phase in post-MI inflammation. 8 to 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation. Lipo-15-epi-LXA4 or 15-epi-LXA4 (1 µg/kg/day) was injected 3 hours post-MI for (d)1 or continued daily till d5. 15-epi-LXA4 activated formyl peptide receptor (FPR2) and GPR120 on alternative macrophages but inhibited GPR40 on classical macrophages in-vitro. The 15-epi-LXA4 injected mice displayed reduced LV and lung mass to body weight ratios and improved ejection fraction at d5 post-MI. In the acute phase of inflammation-(d1), 15-epi-LXA4 primes neutrophil infiltration with a robust increase of Ccl2 and FPR2 expression. During the resolving phase-(d5), 15-epi-LXA4 initiated rapid neutrophils clearance with persistent activation of FPR2 in LV. Compared to MI-control, 15-epi-LXA4 injected mice showed reduced renal inflammation along with decreased levels of ngal and plasma creatinine. In summary, 15-epi-LXA4 initiates the resolving phase early to discontinue inflammation post-MI, thereby reducing LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Kevin A Ingle
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Liu D, Borlotti A, Viliani D, Jerosch-Herold M, Alkhalil M, De Maria GL, Fahrni G, Dawkins S, Wijesurendra R, Francis J, Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Robson MD, Banning A, Choudhury R, Neubauer S, Channon K, Kharbanda R, Dall'Armellina E. CMR Native T1 Mapping Allows Differentiation of Reversible Versus Irreversible Myocardial Damage in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An OxAMI Study (Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:e005986. [PMID: 28798137 PMCID: PMC5555391 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMR T1 mapping is a quantitative imaging technique allowing the assessment of myocardial injury early after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. We sought to investigate the ability of acute native T1 mapping to differentiate reversible and irreversible myocardial injury and its predictive value for left ventricular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients underwent acute and 6-month 3T CMR, including cine, T2-weighted (T2W) imaging, native shortened modified look-locker inversion recovery T1 mapping, rest first pass perfusion, and late gadolinium enhancement. T1 cutoff values for oedematous versus necrotic myocardium were identified as 1251 ms and 1400 ms, respectively, with prediction accuracy of 96.7% (95% confidence interval, 82.8% to 99.9%). Using the proposed threshold of 1400 ms, the volume of irreversibly damaged tissue was in good agreement with the 6-month late gadolinium enhancement volume (r=0.99) and correlated strongly with the log area under the curve troponin (r=0.80) and strongly with 6-month ejection fraction (r=-0.73). Acute T1 values were a strong predictor of 6-month wall thickening compared with late gadolinium enhancement. CONCLUSIONS Acute native shortened modified look-locker inversion recovery T1 mapping differentiates reversible and irreversible myocardial injury, and it is a strong predictor of left ventricular remodeling in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. A single CMR acquisition of native T1 mapping could potentially represent a fast, safe, and accurate method for early stratification of acute patients in need of more aggressive treatment. Further confirmatory studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Alessandra Borlotti
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Dafne Viliani
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Giovanni Luigi De Maria
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Gregor Fahrni
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Sam Dawkins
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Rohan Wijesurendra
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Jane Francis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Stefan Piechnik
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Matthew D Robson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Adrian Banning
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Robin Choudhury
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Keith Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Rajesh Kharbanda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.)
| | - Erica Dall'Armellina
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, United Kingdom (D.L., A.B., D.V., M.A., G.L.D.M., G.F., S.D., R.W., J.F., V.F., S.P., M.D.R., R.C., S.N., E.D.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, United Kingdom (A.B., K.C., R.K.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.-H.).
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Awadalla H, Saleh MA, Abdel Kader M, Mansour A. Left ventricular torsion assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography speckle tracking as a predictor of left ventricular remodeling and short-term outcome following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A single-center experience. Echocardiography 2017; 34:1159-1169. [PMID: 28752661 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Left ventricular (LV) torsion is a novel method to assess systolic LV function. This study aimed at exploring the utility of 2D speckle tracking-based assessment of left ventricular torsion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undertaking primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) in predicting left ventricular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 115 patients (mean±SD, age 52.2±9.67, males 84.3%) who underwent pPCI for AMI. Echocardiographic assessment of LV torsion by two-dimensional speckle tracking was performed early after the index pPCI. Patients underwent repeat echocardiography at 6 months to detect remodeling. LV torsion in the acute setting was significantly lower in those who demonstrated LV remodeling at follow-up compared to those without remodeling (7.56±1.95 vs 15.16±4.65; P<.005). Multivariate analysis identified peak CK & CK-MB elevation (β=-0.767 and -0.725; P<.001), SWMA index (β=-0.843; P<.001), and Simpson's derived LV ejection fraction (LVEF; β=0.802; P<.001) as independent predictors of baseline LV torsion. It also identified peak LV torsion (β: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.15-0.5, P=.001) and SWMA index (β: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12, P=.005) as independent predictors of LV remodeling. Baseline Killip's grades II and higher (β: 48.6; 95% CI 5.5-428, P<.001) and diabetes mellitus (β: 29.7; 95% CI 1.1-763, P<.05) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION Left ventricular torsion in acute MI setting is impaired and predicts subsequent LV remodeling at 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Awadalla
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ayman Saleh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel Kader
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mansour
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, it has become clear that long-term engraftment of any ex vivo expanded cell product transplanted into injured myocardium is modest and all therapeutic regeneration is mediated by stimulation of endogenous repair rather than differentiation of transplanted cells into working myocardium. Given that increasing the retention of transplanted cells boosts myocardial function, focus on the fundamental mechanisms limiting retention and survival of transplanted cells may enable strategies to help to restore normal cardiac function. Areas covered: This review outlines the challenges confronting cardiac engraftment of ex vivo expanded cells and explores means of enhancing cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Expert opinion: Stem cell therapy has already come a long way in terms of regenerating damaged hearts though the poor retention of transplanted cells limits the full potential of truly cardiotrophic cell products. Multifaceted strategies directed towards fundamental mechanisms limiting the long-term survival of transplanted cells will be needed to enhance transplanted cell retention and cell-mediated repair of damaged myocardium for cardiac cell therapy to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darryl R Davis
- a University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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79
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Galdos FX, Guo Y, Paige SL, VanDusen NJ, Wu SM, Pu WT. Cardiac Regeneration: Lessons From Development. Circ Res 2017; 120:941-959. [PMID: 28302741 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palliative surgery for congenital heart disease has allowed patients with previously lethal heart malformations to survive and, in most cases, to thrive. However, these procedures often place pressure and volume loads on the heart, and over time, these chronic loads can cause heart failure. Current therapeutic options for initial surgery and chronic heart failure that results from failed palliation are limited, in part, by the mammalian heart's low inherent capacity to form new cardiomyocytes. Surmounting the heart regeneration barrier would transform the treatment of congenital, as well as acquired, heart disease and likewise would enable development of personalized, in vitro cardiac disease models. Although these remain distant goals, studies of heart development are illuminating the path forward and suggest unique opportunities for heart regeneration, particularly in fetal and neonatal periods. Here, we review major lessons from heart development that inform current and future studies directed at enhancing cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Galdos
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sharon L Paige
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| | - William T Pu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
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80
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Leong CN, Lim E, Andriyana A, Al Abed A, Lovell NH, Hayward C, Hamilton-Craig C, Dokos S. The role of infarct transmural extent in infarct extension: A computational study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 33:e02794. [PMID: 27043925 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Infarct extension, a process involving progressive extension of the infarct zone (IZ) into the normally perfused border zone (BZ), leads to continuous degradation of the myocardial function and adverse remodelling. Despite carrying a high risk of mortality, detailed understanding of the mechanisms leading to BZ hypoxia and infarct extension remains unexplored. In the present study, we developed a 3D truncated ellipsoidal left ventricular model incorporating realistic electromechanical properties and fibre orientation to examine the mechanical interaction among the remote, infarct and BZs in the presence of varying infarct transmural extent (TME). Localized highly abnormal systolic fibre stress was observed at the BZ, owing to the simultaneous presence of moderately increased stiffness and fibre strain at this region, caused by the mechanical tethering effect imposed by the overstretched IZ. Our simulations also demonstrated the greatest tethering effect and stress in BZ regions with fibre direction tangential to the BZ-remote zone boundary. This can be explained by the lower stiffness in the cross-fibre direction, which gave rise to a greater stretching of the IZ in this direction. The average fibre strain of the IZ, as well as the maximum stress in the sub-endocardial layer, increased steeply from 10% to 50% infarct TME, and slower thereafter. Based on our stress-strain loop analysis, we found impairment in the myocardial energy efficiency and elevated energy expenditure with increasing infarct TME, which we believe to place the BZ at further risk of hypoxia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Neng Leong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Einly Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andri Andriyana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr Al Abed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Hayward
- St Vincent's Hospital, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Hamilton-Craig
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Socrates Dokos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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81
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Duygu B, Poels EM, Juni R, Bitsch N, Ottaviani L, Olieslagers S, de Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. miR-199b-5p is a regulator of left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:18-26. [PMID: 30159417 PMCID: PMC6096423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), the globally leading cause of heart failure, morbidity and mortality, involves post-MI ventricular remodeling, a complex process including acute injury healing, scar formation and global changes in the surviving myocardium. The molecular mechanisms involved in adverse post-infarct left ventricular remodeling still remain poorly defined. Recently, microRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of various cardiac diseases as crucial regulators of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that in a murine model of pressure overload, a model of heart failure secondary to aortic stenosis or chronic high blood pressure, elevated myocardial expression of miR-199b-5p is sufficient to activate calcineurin/NFAT signaling, leading to exaggerated cardiac pathological remodeling and dysfunction. Given the differences in left ventricular remodeling secondary to post-infarct healing and pressure overload, we evaluated miR-199b function in post-MI remodeling. We confirmed that the expression of miR-199b is elevated in the post-infarcted heart. Transgenic animals with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of miR-199b-5p displayed exaggerated pathological remodeling after MI, reflected by severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis deposition. Conversely, therapeutic silencing of miR-199b-5p in MI-induced cardiac remodeling by using an antagomir to specifically inhibit endogenous miR-199b-5p in vivo, resulted in efficient suppression of cardiac miR-199b-5p expression and attenuated cardiac dysfunction and dilation following MI. Mechanistically, miR-199b-5p influenced the expression of three predicted target genes in post-infarcted hearts, dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a), the notch1 receptor and its ligand jagged1. In conclusion, here we provide evidence supporting that stress-induced miR-199b-5p participates in post-infarct remodeling by simultaneous regulation of distinct target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ella M Poels
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rio Juni
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Servé Olieslagers
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
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Dall'Armellina E. From Recognized to Novel Quantitative CMR Biomarkers of LV Recovery: A Paradigm Shift in Acute Myocardial Infarction Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 10:1000-1002. [PMID: 27771397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dall'Armellina
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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83
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Zheng X, Li X, Lyu Y, He Y, Wan W, Jiang X. Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Rats Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction and Fibrosis Post-Myocardial Infarction Involving MicroRNAs. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2751-60. [PMID: 27490896 PMCID: PMC4982530 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) in ameliorating post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular (LV) fibrosis via microRNA-dependent regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) remains unknown. Material/Methods MI and RSD were induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by ligating the left coronary artery and denervating the bilateral renal nerves, respectively. Norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma, collagen, microRNA21, microRNA 101a, microRNA 133a and CTGF in heart tissue, as well as cardiac function were evaluated six weeks post-MI. Results In the RSD group, parameters of cardiac function were significantly improved as evidenced by increased LV ejection fraction (p<0.01), LV end-systolic diameter (p<0.01), end-diastolic diameter (p<0.05), LV systolic pressure (p<0.05), maximal rate of pressure rise and decline (dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin, p<0.05), and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure (p<0.05) when compared with MI rats. Further, reduced collagen deposition in peri-infarct myocardium was observed in RSD-treated rats along with higher microRNA101a and microRNA133a (p<0.05) and lower microRNA21 expression (p<0.01) than in MI rats. CTGF mRNA and protein levels were decreased in LV following RSD (p<0.01), accompanied by decreased expression of norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma (p<0.05) compared with untreated MI rats. Conclusions The potential therapeutic effects of RSD on post-MI LV fibrosis may be partly mediated by inhibition of CTGF expression via upregulation of microRNA 101a and microRNA 133a and downregulation of microRNA21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yongnan Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yiyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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O'Connor DM, Smith RS, Piras BA, Beyers RJ, Lin D, Hossack JA, French BA. Heart Rate Reduction With Ivabradine Protects Against Left Ventricular Remodeling by Attenuating Infarct Expansion and Preserving Remote-Zone Contractile Function and Synchrony in a Mouse Model of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002989. [PMID: 27107133 PMCID: PMC4843531 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivabradine selectively inhibits the pacemaker current of the sinoatrial node, slowing heart rate. Few studies have examined the effects of ivabradine on the mechanical properties of the heart after reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). Advances in ultrasound speckle-tracking allow strain analyses to be performed in small-animal models, enabling the assessment of regional mechanical function. METHODS AND RESULTS After 1 hour of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, mice received 10 mg/kg per day of ivabradine dissolved in drinking water (n=10), or were treated as infarcted controls (n=9). Three-dimensional high-frequency echocardiography was performed at baseline and at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 post-MI. Speckle-tracking software was used to calculate intramural longitudinal myocardial strain (Ell) and strain rate. Standard deviation time to peak radial strain (SD Tpeak Err) and temporal uniformity of strain were calculated from short-axis cines acquired in the left ventricular remote zone. Ivabradine reduced heart rate by 8% to 16% over the course of 28 days compared to controls (P<0.001). On day 28 post-MI, the ivabradine group was found to have significantly smaller end-systolic volumes, greater ejection fraction, reduced wall thinning, and greater peak Ell and Ell rate in the remote zone, as well as globally. Temporal uniformity of strain and SD Tpeak Err were significantly smaller in the ivabradine-treated group by day 28 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-frequency ultrasound speckle-tracking demonstrated decreased left ventricular remodeling and dyssynchrony, as well as improved mechanical performance in remote myocardium after heart rate reduction with ivabradine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bryan A Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ronald J Beyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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85
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Cai MX, Shi XC, Chen T, Tan ZN, Lin QQ, Du SJ, Tian ZJ. Exercise training activates neuregulin 1/ErbB signaling and promotes cardiac repair in a rat myocardial infarction model. Life Sci 2016; 149:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Systemic injection of AAV9 carrying a periostin promoter targets gene expression to a myofibroblast-like lineage in mouse hearts after reperfused myocardial infarction. Gene Ther 2016; 23:469-78. [PMID: 26926804 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been used to direct gene transfer to a variety of tissues, including heart, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney and lung, but it has not previously been shown to effectively target fibroblasts in vivo, including cardiac fibroblasts. We constructed expression cassettes using a modified periostin promoter to drive gene expression in a cardiac myofibroblast-like lineage, with only occasional spillover into cardiomyocyte-like cells. We compared AAV serotypes 6 and 9 and found robust gene expression when the vectors were delivered by systemic injection after myocardial infarction (MI), with little expression in healthy, non-infarcted mice. AAV9 provided expression in a greater number of cells than AAV6, with reporter gene expression visible in the cardiac infarct and border zones from 5 to 62 days post MI, as assessed by luciferase and Cre-activated green fluorescent protein expression. Although common myofibroblast markers were expressed in low abundance, most of the targeted cells expressed myosin IIb, an embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain that has previously been associated with myofibroblasts after reperfused MI. This study is the first to demonstrate AAV-mediated expression in a potentially novel myofibroblast-like lineage in mouse hearts post MI and may open new avenues of gene therapy to treat patients surviving MI.
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87
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy associated with endurance exercise training: Effects on the structural and functional remodeling of infarcted rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 90:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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88
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Zheng XX, Li XY, Lyu YN, He YY, Wan WG, Zhu HL, Jiang XJ. Possible mechanism by which renal sympathetic denervation improves left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:260-71. [PMID: 26556551 DOI: 10.1113/ep085302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The enzyme system that is responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which can be blocked by the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Whether renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is able to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling through attenuation of ECM via regulation of MMP activity and/or the MMP-TIMP complex remains unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Renal sympathetic denervation has therapeutic effects on post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling, probably by attenuating the ECM through regulation of the MMP9-TIMP1 complex in the transforming growth factor-β1 (a profibrotic cytokine that accelerates ECM remodelling after ischaemia) signalling pathway. Whether renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is able to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) left ventricular (LV) remodelling by attenuation of the extracellular matrix via regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and/or the MMP-tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) complex remains unknown. Sixty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: normal (N, n = 15), RSD (RSD, n = 15), myocardial infarction (MI, n = 15) and RSD 3 days after MI (MI3d+RSD, n = 20). The bilateral renal nerves were surgically denervated 3 days after MI had been induced by coronary artery ligation. Left ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography and a Millar catheter at 6 weeks post-MI. Plasma noradrenaline, angiotensin II and aldosterone, collagen volume fraction, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP1 in heart tissue were measured 6 weeks after MI. In rats with MI3d+RSD compared with MI rats, RSD improved systolic and diastolic function, resulting in an improvement in ejection fraction (P < 0.05), fractional shortening (P < 0.05) and LV internal dimension in systole (P < 0.05) and diastole (P < 0.05). Additionally, RSD treatment decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P < 0.05) and increased LV systolic pressure (P < 0.05) and maximal and minimal rate of LV pressure (both P < 0.05). Meanwhile, RSD reduced collagen content (P < 0.01). TIMP1 was upregulated (P < 0.05), whereas MMP2, MMP9 and TGF-β1 were downregulated in the LV of RSD-treated animals (P < 0.05). Renal sympathetic denervation has therapeutic effects on post-MI LV remodelling, probably owing to effects on the extracellular matrix by regulation of the MMP9-TIMP1 balance in the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. Renal sympathetic denervation may be considered as a non-pharmacological approach for the improvement of post-MI cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yong-Nan Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi-Yu He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Ling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xue-Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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MicroRNA-208a Dysregulates Apoptosis Genes Expression and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis during Ischemia and Its Silencing Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:479123. [PMID: 26688617 PMCID: PMC4673358 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. miR-208a is associated with adverse outcomes in several cardiac pathologies known to have increased apoptosis, including myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated if miR-208a has proapoptotic effects on ischemic cardiomyocytes and if its silencing has therapeutic benefits in MI. Methods and Results. The effect of miR-208a on apoptosis during ischemia was studied in cultured neonatal mice myocytes transfected with agomir or antagomir. Differential gene expression was assessed using microarrays. MI was induced in male C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to antagomir (n = 6) or control group (n = 7), while sham group (n = 7) had sham operation done. Antagomir group received miR208a antagomir, while control and sham group mice received vehicle only. At 7 and 28 days, echocardiography was done and thereafter hearts were harvested for analysis of apoptosis by TUNEL method, fibrosis using Masson's trichrome, and hypertrophy using hematoxylin and eosin. miR-208a altered apoptosis genes expression and increased apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-208a decreased cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis and significantly improved cardiac function 28 days after MI. Conclusion. miR-208a alters apoptosis genes expression and promotes apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes, and its silencing attenuates apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy after MI, with significant improvement in cardiac function.
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90
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Iyer RP, Jung M, Lindsey ML. Using the laws of thermodynamics to understand how matrix metalloproteinases coordinate the myocardial response to injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:75-82. [PMID: 27376092 PMCID: PMC4930103 DOI: 10.2147/mnm.s74093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of molecular, cellular, and functional alterations that are both part of the wound healing response to form a scar in the infarct region and the consequence of that response. Using the laws of thermodynamics as an analogy, we present here three laws for categorizing the post-MI LV remodeling process. The first law is that the LV will attempt to maintain equilibrium and compensate as a way to maximize function, the second law is that remodeling is progressive and unidirectional, and the third law is that the final goal is (ideally, but not always achievable) a stable, equilibrated scar. This comparison helps to define the boundaries of the system, whether it be the infarct zone, the LV, the heart, or the entire body. This review provides an overview for those not directly in the field and establishes a framework to help prioritize future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi; Research Service, GV (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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91
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Raj P, Aloud BM, Louis XL, Yu L, Zieroth S, Netticadan T. Resveratrol is equipotent to perindopril in attenuating post-infarct cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 28:155-63. [PMID: 26878793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors improve prognosis in patients with post-myocardial infarction (MI) related cardiac dysfunction. Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been reported to be beneficial in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cardiotoxicity in preclinical studies. Accordingly, we investigated the comparative and combinatorial efficacy of resveratrol and perindopril (ACE inhibitor) treatment on MI-related cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction. METHODS Left anterior descending artery-ligated and sham-operated male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with vehicle, resveratrol, perindopril, and combination of resveratrol+perindopril (2.5 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 8 weeks (starting immediately after acute MI). Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS At 8 weeks, vehicle-MI rats had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased LV dilatation compared to vehicle-sham rats. MI rats treated with resveratrol, perindopril and a combination of both had significantly improved LVEF and reduced LV dilatation. Vehicle-treated MI rats also had increased level of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), proinflammatory protein- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cardiac fibrosis marker- collagen and decreased enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase compared to vehicle-sham rats. Resveratrol, perindopril and combination of both significantly prevented the /ed to determine systolic functional parameter increase in MDA, TNF-α and collagen and improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in MI rats compared to vehicle-MI rats. CONCLUSION Treatment with resveratrol or perindopril was equivalent in significantly improving remodeling and attenuation of contractile dysfunction in MI rats. Combination treatment also attenuated the cardiac abnormalities. The improvement in cardiac abnormalities may partly be through reducing oxidative stress by preventing the decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreasing cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg
| | - Basma Milad Aloud
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg
| | - Xavier Lieben Louis
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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92
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Yoon HJ, Kim KH, Kim JY, Cho JY, Yoon NS, Park HW, Hong YJ, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC. Impaired Diastolic Recovery after Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Predictor of Adverse Events. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 23:150-7. [PMID: 26448823 PMCID: PMC4595702 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2015.23.3.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic functional recovery on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with preserved LV systolic function. METHODS A total 463 patients with preserved LV systolic function at 6 months after an AMI were divided into two groups based on the extent of diastolic recovery assessed by echocardiography: group I (n = 241) showed improving diastolic function and group II (n = 222) did not. MACE included death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization due to heart failure, and these events were compared with the patients' characteristics at baseline. RESULTS Compared with group I, the patients in group II were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Blood levels of hemoglobin and triglyceride were lower in group II, whereas the levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were higher in this group than in group I. MACE were significantly more frequent in group II than in group I. Age, elevated NT-proBNP, and impaired diastolic recovery were significant independent predictors of MACE. CONCLUSION Despite improvement in LV systolic function, LV diastolic function had not improved in 222 patients (47.9%) by the 6-month follow-up after the index AMI, and impaired diastolic functional recovery was found to be an independent predictor of MACE. Evaluation of diastolic function would be a useful way to stratify risk in patients discharged after an index AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Yoon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kye Hun Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Yoon Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Young Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam Sik Yoon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Chun Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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93
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Daniel LL, Daniels CR, Harirforoosh S, Foster CR, Singh M, Singh K. Deficiency of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase delays inflammatory response in the heart following myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 3:e001286. [PMID: 25520329 PMCID: PMC4338722 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ataxia‐telangiectasia results from mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) gene. We recently reported that ATM deficiency attenuates left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and dilatation 7 days after myocardial infarction (MI) with increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of ATM in the induction of inflammatory response, and activation of survival signaling molecules in the heart acute post‐MI. Methods and Results LV structure, function, inflammatory response, and biochemical parameters were measured in wild‐type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice 1 and 3 days post‐MI. ATM deficiency had no effect on infarct size. MI‐induced decline in heart function, as measured by changes in percent fractional shortening, ejection fraction and LV end systolic and diastolic volumes, was lower in hKO‐MI versus WT‐MI (n=10 to 12). The number of neutrophils and macrophages was significantly lower in the infarct LV region of hKO versus WT 1 day post‐MI. Fibrosis and expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast marker) were higher in hKO‐MI, while active TGF‐β1 levels were higher in the WT‐MI 3 days post‐MI. Myocyte cross‐sectional area was higher in hKO‐sham with no difference between the two MI groups. MMP‐9 protein levels were similarly increased in the infarct LV region of both MI groups. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the infarct LV region of hKO at both time points. Akt activation was lower, while Bax expression was higher in hKO‐MI infarct. Conclusion ATM deficiency results in decreased dilative remodeling and delays inflammatory response acute post‐MI. However, it associates with increased fibrosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Daniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
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94
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Murase H, Kuno A, Miki T, Tanno M, Yano T, Kouzu H, Ishikawa S, Tobisawa T, Ogasawara M, Nishizawa K, Miura T. Inhibition of DPP-4 reduces acute mortality after myocardial infarction with restoration of autophagic response in type 2 diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:103. [PMID: 26259714 PMCID: PMC4531441 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worsens the outcome after myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we hypothesized that inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) improves survival after MI in T2DM by modifying autophagy in the non-infarcted region of the heart. Methods and results Under baseline conditions, there was no significant difference between levels of myocardial autophagy marker proteins
in OLETF, a rat model of T2DM, and in LETO, a non-diabetic control. However, in contrast to the response in LETO, LC3-II protein and LC3-positive autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region of the myocardium were not increased after MI in OLETF. The altered autophagic response in OLETF was associated with lack of AMPK/ULK-1 activation, attenuated response of Akt/mTOR/S6 signaling and increased Beclin-1–Bcl-2 interaction after MI. Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1–Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling. Plasma insulin level, but not glucose level, was significantly reduced by vildagliptin at the dose used in this study. Survival rate at 48 h after MI was significantly lower in OLETF than in LETO (32 vs. 82%), despite similar infarct sizes. Vildagliptin improved the survival rate in OLETF to 80%, the benefit of which was abrogated by chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Conclusions The results indicate that vildagliptin reduces T2DM-induced increase in post-MI acute mortality possibly by restoring the autophagic response through attenuation of Bcl-2-Beclin-1 interaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0264-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Murase
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tobisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ogasawara
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Nishizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
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95
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Dasa SSK, Suzuki R, Gutknecht M, Brinton LT, Tian Y, Michaelsson E, Lindfors L, Klibanov AL, French BA, Kelly KA. Development of target-specific liposomes for delivering small molecule drugs after reperfused myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2015; 220:556-567. [PMID: 26122651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although reperfusion is essential in restoring circulation to ischemic myocardium, it also leads to irreversible events including reperfusion injury, decreased cardiac function and ultimately scar formation. Various cell types are involved in the multi-phase repair process including inflammatory cells, vascular cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Therapies targeting these cell types in the infarct border zone can improve cardiac function but are limited by systemic side effects. The aim of this work was to develop liposomes with surface modifications to include peptides with affinity for cell types present in the post-infarct myocardium. To identify peptides specific for the infarct/border zone, we used in vivo phage display methods and an optical imaging approach: fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). We identified peptides specific for cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and c-Kit + cells present in the border zone of the remodeling infarct. These peptides were then conjugated to liposomes and in vivo specificity and pharmacokinetics were determined. As a proof of concept, cardiomyocyte specific (I-1) liposomes were used to deliver a PARP-1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1) inhibitor: AZ7379. Using a targeted liposomal approach, we were able to increase AZ7379 availability in the infarct/border zone at 24h post-injection as compared with free AZ7379. We observed ~3-fold higher efficiency of PARP-1 inhibition when all cell types were assessed using I-1 liposomes as compared with negative control peptide liposomes (NCP). When analyzed further, I-1 liposomes had 9-fold and 1.5-fold higher efficiencies in cardiomyocytes and macrophages, respectively, as compared with NCP liposomes. In conclusion, we have developed a modular drug delivery system that can be targeted to cell types of therapeutic interest in the infarct border zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sai Krishna Dasa
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lindsey T Brinton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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96
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Gorressen S, Stern M, van de Sandt AM, Cortese-Krott MM, Ohlig J, Rassaf T, Gödecke A, Fischer JW, Heusch G, Merx MW, Kelm M. Circulating NOS3 modulates left ventricular remodeling following reperfused myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120961. [PMID: 25875863 PMCID: PMC4397096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nitric oxide (NO) is constitutively produced and released from the endothelium and several blood cell types by the isoform 3 of the NO synthase (NOS3). We have shown that NO protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and that depletion of circulating NOS3 increases within 24h of ischemia/reperfusion the size of myocardial infarction (MI) in chimeric mice devoid of circulating NOS3. In the current study we hypothesized that circulating NOS3 also affects remodeling of the left ventricle following reperfused MI. Methods To analyze the role of circulating NOS3 we transplanted bone marrow of NOS3−/− and wild type (WT) mice into WT mice, producing chimerae expressing NOS3 only in vascular endothelium (BC−/EC+) or in both, blood cells and vascular endothelium (BC+/EC+). Both groups underwent 60 min of coronary occlusion in a closed-chest model of reperfused MI. During the 3 weeks post MI, structural and functional LV remodeling was serially assessed (24h, 4d, 1w, 2w and 3w) by echocardiography. At 72 hours post MI, gene expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) modifying molecules was determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. At 3 weeks post MI, hemodynamics were obtained by pressure catheter, scar size and collagen content were quantified post mortem by Gomori’s One-step trichrome staining. Results Three weeks post MI, LV end-systolic (53.2±5.9μl;***p≤0.001;n = 5) and end-diastolic volumes (82.7±5.6μl;*p<0.05;n = 5) were significantly increased in BC−/EC+, along with decreased LV developed pressure (67.5±1.8mmHg;n = 18;***p≤0.001) and increased scar size/left ventricle (19.5±1.5%;n = 13;**p≤0.01) compared to BC+/EC+ (ESV:35.6±2.2μl; EDV:69.1±2.6μl n = 8; LVDP:83.2±3.2mmHg;n = 24;scar size/LV13.8±0.7%;n = 16). Myocardial scar of BC−/EC+ was characterized by increased total collagen content (20.2±0.8%;n = 13;***p≤0.001) compared to BC+/EC+ (15.9±0.5;n = 16), and increased collagen type I and III subtypes. Conclusion Circulating NOS3 ameliorates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling following reperfused myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gorressen
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Stern
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette M. van de Sandt
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Ohlig
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc W. Merx
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Robert Koch Krankenhaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology & Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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97
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O'Connor DM, Naresh NK, Piras BA, Xu Y, Smith RS, Epstein FH, Hossack JA, Ogle RC, French BA. A novel cardiac muscle-derived biomaterial reduces dyskinesia and postinfarct left ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12351. [PMID: 25825543 PMCID: PMC4393176 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation after myocardial infarction (MI) leaves the myocardium structurally weakened and, as a result, susceptible to early infarct zone dyskinesia and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. While various cellular and biomaterial preparations have been transplanted into the infarct zone in hopes of improving post-MI LV remodeling, an allogeneic cardiac muscle-derived ECM extract has yet to be developed and tested in the setting of reperfused MI. We sought to determine the effects of injecting a novel cardiac muscle-derived ECM into the infarct zone on early dyskinesia and LV remodeling in a mouse model of MI. Cardiac muscle ECM was extracted from frozen mouse heart tissue by a protocol that enriches for basement membrane constituents. The extract was injected into the infarct zone immediately after ischemia/reperfusion injury (n = 6). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 post-MI to assess 3D LV volumes and cardiac function, as compared to infarcted controls (n = 9). Early infarct zone dyskinesia was measured on day 2 post-MI using a novel metric, the dyskinesia index. End-systolic volume was significantly reduced in the ECM-treated group compared to controls by day 14. Ejection fraction and stroke volume were also significantly improved in the ECM-treated group. ECM-treated hearts showed a significant (P < 0.005) reduction in dyskinetic motion on day 2. Thus, using high-frequency ultrasound, it was shown that treatment with a cardiac-derived ECM preparation reduced early infarct zone dyskinesia and post-MI LV remodeling in a mouse model of reperfused MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bryan A Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Roy C Ogle
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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98
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Ye T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Song X, Yang D, Li D, Li D, Su L, Yang Y, Ma S. Over-expression of calpastatin inhibits calpain activation and attenuates post-infarction myocardial remodeling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120178. [PMID: 25786109 PMCID: PMC4364764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calpain is activated following myocardial infarction and ablation of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous inhibitor of calpains, promotes left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of transgenic over-expression of CAST on the post-infarction myocardial remodeling process. Method We established transgenic mice (TG) ubiquitously over-expressing human CAST protein and produced MI in TG mice and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) littermates. Results The CAST protein expression was profoundly upregulated in the myocardial tissue of TG mice compared with WT littermates (P < 0.01). Overexpression of CAST significantly reduced the infarct size (P < 0.01) and blunted MI-induced interventricular hypertrophy, global myocardial fibrosis and collagen I and collagen III deposition, hypotension and hemodynamic disturbances at 21 days after MI. Moreover, the MI-induced up-regulation and activation of calpains were obviously attenuated in CAST TG mice. MI-induced down-regulation of CAST was partially reversed in TG mice. Additionally, the MI-caused imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors was improved in TG mice. Conclusions Transgenic over-expression of CAST inhibits calpain activation and attenuates post-infarction myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (SM)
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (SM)
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99
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Shengmai injection improved doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by alleviating myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-12 dependent apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:952671. [PMID: 25839043 PMCID: PMC4369903 DOI: 10.1155/2015/952671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays vital roles in the progression of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DOX-CM). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) could induce specific apoptosis by caspase-12 dependent pathway. Shengmai Injection (SMI), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine, could alleviate the heart damage via inhibiting myocardial apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether SMI can alleviate ER stress and its specific apoptosis in the setting of DOX-CM. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of SMI on heart function, myocardial ER stress, and apoptosis of DOX-CM rats. METHODS Rats with DOX-CM were treated by SMI. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and brain natriuretic peptide. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. ER stress was assessed by detecting the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12. RESULTS At the end of eight-week, compared to control, significant heart dysfunction happened in DOX group. The ratio of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to DOX group, the apoptotic ratio and the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 significantly decreased in DOX + SMI group (P < 0.05), accompanied with improved heart function. CONCLUSION SMI could alleviate myocardial ER stress and caspase-12 dependent apoptosis, which subsequently helped to improve the heart function of rats with DOX-CM.
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100
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Vaicekavičius E, Vasiliauskas D, Navickas R, Milvidaitė I, Unikas R, Venclovienė J, Kubilius R. Impact of hypertension on postreperfusion left ventricular recovery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2015; 51:38-45. [PMID: 25744774 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of admission systolic blood pressure (ASBP) and left ventricular (LV) mass on the postreperfusion LV recovery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and concomitant coronary multivessel disease (MVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 12-month postreperfusion LV recovery was performed in 104 patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Patients with elevated ASBP (>140mmHg) were assigned to the first group (n=58); with normal ASBP (<140mmHg), to the second group (n=46); with increased myocardial mass index (MMI) (>100g/m(2)), to the third group (n=70); and with normal MMI (<100g/m(2)), to the fourth group (n=34). Severity of MVD was evaluated by the Syntax score. The LV recovery was assessed by evolution of quantitative characteristics of electrocardiography (QRS score, ST score, ECG STEMI stage) and echocardiography (LV ejection fraction, volume and mass indices) registered before and after PPCI, at discharge, and after 1, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the baseline QRS and ST scores, ECG STEMI stage, LVEF, MMI, and Syntax score comparing all the patients' groups. The serial ECG criteria showed only a very small impact of ASBP on postreperfusion LV recovery. Only ECG STEMI stage progression was slower in the patients with elevated ASBP. In patients with different MMI, the QRS and ST scores were higher and ECG STEMI stage was lower in patients with increased MMI. LVEF after 1 year was significantly lower in the third group as compared to the fourth group (42.58%±8.25% vs. 46.8%±7.13%, P=0.018). CONCLUSION Postreperfusion LV recovery was more related not to ASBP but to the increased LV mass assessed by echocardiography in patients with STEMI and MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvardas Vaicekavičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Donatas Vasiliauskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ramūnas Navickas
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Milvidaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ramūnas Unikas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonė Venclovienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Kubilius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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