51
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Data processing strategies for non-targeted analysis of foods using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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52
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Ottenbros I, Govarts E, Lebret E, Vermeulen R, Schoeters G, Vlaanderen J. Network Analysis to Identify Communities Among Multiple Exposure Biomarkers Measured at Birth in Three Flemish General Population Samples. Front Public Health 2021; 9:590038. [PMID: 33643986 PMCID: PMC7902692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.590038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Humans are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via different sources resulting in complex real-life exposure patterns. Insight into these patterns is important for applications such as linkage to health effects and (mixture) risk assessment. By providing internal exposure levels of (metabolites of) chemicals, biomonitoring studies can provide snapshots of exposure patterns and factors that drive them. Presentation of biomonitoring data in networks facilitates the detection of such exposure patterns and allows for the systematic comparison of observed exposure patterns between datasets and strata within datasets. Methods: We demonstrate the use of network techniques in human biomonitoring data from cord blood samples collected in three campaigns of the Flemish Environment and Health Studies (FLEHS) (sampling years resp. 2002-2004, 2008-2009, and 2013-2014). Measured biomarkers were multiple organochlorine compounds, PFAS and metals. Comparative network analysis (CNA) was conducted to systematically compare networks between sampling campaigns, smoking status during pregnancy, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Results: Network techniques offered an intuitive approach to visualize complex correlation structures within human biomonitoring data. The identification of groups of highly connected biomarkers, "communities," within these networks highlighted which biomarkers should be considered collectively in the analysis and interpretation of epidemiological studies or in the design of toxicological mixture studies. Network analyses demonstrated in our example to which extent biomarker networks and its communities changed across the sampling campaigns, smoking status during pregnancy, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Conclusion: Network analysis is a data-driven and intuitive screening method when dealing with multiple exposure biomarkers, which can easily be upscaled to high dimensional HBM datasets, and can inform mixture risk assessment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Ottenbros
- Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Erik Lebret
- Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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53
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Abstract
The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.
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54
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Chouit Z, Djellal D, Haddad S, Hanfer M, Hachemi M, Lakroun Z, Chafaa S, Fetoui H, Kebieche M, Soulimani R. Potentiation of the apoptotic signaling pathway in both the striatum and hippocampus and neurobehavioral impairment in rats exposed chronically to a low-dose of cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3307-3317. [PMID: 32915453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. It accumulates in biological tissues, especially in fish which constitutes a first rank food for humans, particularly in the coastal areas. This study investigates the effect of long-term exposure to low Cd concentration (17 μg/kg/day) in rat striatum and hippocampus. In this study, the neurobehavioral ability changes were assessed by applying cognitive standard testing at the end of the rats' exposure period. In addition, the examination of mitochondrial swelling was performed at the same time of evaluation of its redox status in the brain regions studied through stress parameters (GSH, MDA, GST, and CAT). This study examined also whether this long-term exposure can modify the apoptotic signaling pathway via assessment of apoptotic markers (caspase-8 and 9, Bax, Bcl-2, and Cyt-c) in cell lysates. The results of this study showed changes in neurobehavioral abilities of animals and a stronger mitochondrial swelling associated with a significant decrease in antioxidant systems (GSH, GST, and CAT) and conversely an increase in the lipoperoxidation end product (MDA) in both the striatal and hippocampal mitochondria. In addition, the results revealed a significant increase in pro-apoptotic intracellular components such as caspase-9, Cyt-c, and Bax, and showed also an evident decrease in Bcl-2 levels. In conclusion, our results reported that chronic exposure to Cd produces behavioral and cognitive perturbations, enhances oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial edema and Cyt-c leakage, and, ultimately, potentiates apoptosis signaling pathway in both brain regions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Chouit
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Dounia Djellal
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Souhila Haddad
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, University of Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Mourad Hanfer
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Hachemi
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Zhoura Lakroun
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Smail Chafaa
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kebieche
- Laboratory of cellular and molecular biology, University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria.
- Faculty of natural and life sciences, LBMBPC, University of Batna 2, Route de Constantine, 05078, Fesdis, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Rachid Soulimani
- LCOMS/Neurotoxicologie et Bioactivité, Campus Bridoux, Université de Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
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55
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An assessment of quality assurance/quality control efforts in high resolution mass spectrometry non-target workflows for analysis of environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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56
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Orešič M, McGlinchey A, Wheelock CE, Hyötyläinen T. Metabolic Signatures of the Exposome-Quantifying the Impact of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on Human Health. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110454. [PMID: 33182712 PMCID: PMC7698239 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health and well-being are intricately linked to environmental quality. Environmental exposures can have lifelong consequences. In particular, exposures during the vulnerable fetal or early development period can affect structure, physiology and metabolism, causing potential adverse, often permanent, health effects at any point in life. External exposures, such as the “chemical exposome” (exposures to environmental chemicals), affect the host’s metabolism and immune system, which, in turn, mediate the risk of various diseases. Linking such exposures to adverse outcomes, via intermediate phenotypes such as the metabolome, is one of the central themes of exposome research. Much progress has been made in this line of research, including addressing some key challenges such as analytical coverage of the exposome and metabolome, as well as the integration of heterogeneous, multi-omics data. There is strong evidence that chemical exposures have a marked impact on the metabolome, associating with specific disease risks. Herein, we review recent progress in the field of exposome research as related to human health as well as selected metabolic and autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on the impacts of chemical exposures on the host metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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57
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Guo Z, Huang S, Wang J, Feng YL. Recent advances in non-targeted screening analysis using liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry to explore new biomarkers for human exposure. Talanta 2020; 219:121339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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58
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González-Domínguez R, Jáuregui O, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Andrés-Lacueva C. Characterization of the Human Exposome by a Comprehensive and Quantitative Large-Scale Multianalyte Metabolomics Platform. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13767-13775. [PMID: 32966057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposome, defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan, has emerged in recent years as a cornerstone in biomedical sciences. Metabolomics stands out here as one of the most powerful tools for investigating the interplay between the genetic background, exogenous, and endogenous factors within human health. However, to address the complexity of the exposome, novel methods are needed to characterize the human metabolome. In this work, we have optimized and validated a multianalyte metabolomics platform for large-scale quantitative exposome research in plasma and urine samples, based on the use of simple extraction methods and high-throughput metabolomic fingerprinting. The methodology enables, for the first time, the simultaneous characterization of the endogenous metabolome, food-related metabolites, pharmaceuticals, household chemicals, environmental pollutants, and microbiota derivatives, comprising more than 1000 metabolites in total. This comprehensive and quantitative investigation of the exposome is achieved in short run times, through simple extraction methods requiring small-sample volumes, and using integrated quality control procedures for ensuring data quality. This metabolomics approach was satisfactorily validated in terms of linearity, recovery, matrix effects, specificity, limits of quantification, intraday and interday precision, and carryover. Furthermore, the clinical potential of the methodology was demonstrated in a dietary intervention trial as a case study. In summary, this study describes the optimization, validation, and application of a multimetabolite platform for comprehensive and quantitative metabolomics-based exposome research with great utility in large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Scientific and Technological Center of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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59
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Singh RR, Chao A, Phillips KA, Xia XR, Shea D, Sobus JR, Schymanski EL, Ulrich EM. Expanded coverage of non-targeted LC-HRMS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: a case study with ENTACT mixtures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4931-4939. [PMID: 32494915 PMCID: PMC7477815 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) is a rapidly evolving analytical technique with numerous opportunities to improve and expand instrumental and data analysis methods. In this work, NTA was performed on eight synthetic mixtures containing 1264 unique chemical substances from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT). These mixtures were analyzed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) using both positive and negative polarities for a total of four modes. Out of the 1264 ENTACT chemical substances, 1116 were detected in at least one ionization mode, 185 chemicals were detected using all four ionization modes, whereas 148 were not detected. Forty-four chemicals were detected only by APCI, and 181 were detected only by ESI. Molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties were used to assess which ionization type was preferred for a given compound. One ToxPrint substructure (naphthalene group) was found to be enriched in compounds only detected using APCI, and eight ToxPrints (e.g., several alcohol moieties) were enriched in compounds only detected using ESI. Examination of physicochemical parameters for ENTACT chemicals suggests that those with higher aqueous solubility preferentially ionized by ESI-. While ESI typically detects a larger number of compounds, APCI offers chromatograms with less background, fewer co-elutions, and additional chemical space coverage, suggesting both should be considered for broader coverage in future NTA research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph R Singh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Chao
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Katherine A Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Xin Rui Xia
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Statera Environmental Inc., 5116 Olde South Road, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Damian Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Statera Environmental Inc., 5116 Olde South Road, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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60
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Pourchet M, Debrauwer L, Klanova J, Price EJ, Covaci A, Caballero-Casero N, Oberacher H, Lamoree M, Damont A, Fenaille F, Vlaanderen J, Meijer J, Krauss M, Sarigiannis D, Barouki R, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. Suspect and non-targeted screening of chemicals of emerging concern for human biomonitoring, environmental health studies and support to risk assessment: From promises to challenges and harmonisation issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105545. [PMID: 32361063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale suspect and non-targeted screening approaches based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are today available for chemical profiling and holistic characterisation of biological samples. These advanced techniques allow the simultaneous detection of a large number of chemical features, including markers of human chemical exposure. Such markers are of interest for biomonitoring, environmental health studies and support to risk assessment. Furthermore, these screening approaches have the promising capability to detect chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), document the extent of human chemical exposure, generate new research hypotheses and provide early warning support to policy. Whilst of growing importance in the environment and food safety areas, respectively, CECs remain poorly addressed in the field of human biomonitoring. This shortfall is due to several scientific and methodological reasons, including a global lack of harmonisation. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to present an overview of the basic principles, promises and challenges of suspect and non-targeted screening approaches applied to human samples as this specific field introduce major specificities compared to other fields. Focused on liquid chromatography coupled to HRMS-based data acquisition methods, this overview addresses all steps of these new analytical workflows. Beyond this general picture, the main activities carried out on this topic within the particular framework of the European Human Biomonitoring initiative (project HBM4EU, 2017-2021) are described, with an emphasis on harmonisation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, 31027 Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelaure Damont
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Barouki
- Unité UMR-S 1124 Inserm-Université Paris Descartes "Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire", Paris, France
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61
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Guo Z, Zhu Z, Huang S, Wang J. Non-targeted screening of pesticides for food analysis using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1180-1201. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1753890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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62
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Matta K, Vigneau E, Cariou V, Mouret D, Ploteau S, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP, Cano-Sancho G. Associations between persistent organic pollutants and endometriosis: A multipollutant assessment using machine learning algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114066. [PMID: 32041029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease characterised by the presence of endometriotic tissue outside of the uterus impacting a significant fraction of women of childbearing age. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests a relationship between risk of endometriosis and exposure to some organochlorine persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, these chemicals are numerous and occur in complex and highly correlated mixtures, and to date, most studies have not accounted for this simultaneous exposure. Linear and logistic regression models are constrained to adjusting for multiple exposures when variables are highly intercorrelated, resulting in unstable coefficients and arbitrary findings. Advanced machine learning models, of emerging use in epidemiology, today appear as a promising option to address these limitations. In this study, different machine learning techniques were compared on a dataset from a case-control study conducted in France to explore associations between mixtures of POPs and deep endometriosis. The battery of models encompassed regularised logistic regression, artificial neural network, support vector machine, adaptive boosting, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis with some additional sparsity constraints. These techniques were applied to identify the biomarkers of internal exposure in adipose tissue most associated with endometriosis and to compare model classification performance. The five tested models revealed a consistent selection of most associated POPs with deep endometriosis, including octachlorodibenzofuran, cis-heptachlor epoxide, polychlorinated biphenyl 77 or trans-nonachlor, among others. The high classification performance of all five models confirmed that machine learning may be a promising complementary approach in modelling highly correlated exposure biomarkers and their associations with health outcomes. Regularised logistic regression provided a good compromise between the interpretability of traditional statistical approaches and the classification capacity of machine learning approaches. Applying a battery of complementary algorithms may be a strategic approach to decipher complex exposome-health associations when the underlying structure is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Ploteau
- Service de Gynécologie-obstétrique, CIC FEA, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
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63
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Klont F, Jahn S, Grivet C, König S, Bonner R, Hopfgartner G. SWATH data independent acquisition mass spectrometry for screening of xenobiotics in biological fluids: Opportunities and challenges for data processing. Talanta 2020; 211:120747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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64
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Gruber B, David F, Sandra P. Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Current trends and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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65
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Cano-Sancho G, Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Moyon T, Royer AL, Guitton Y, Billard H, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Boquien CY, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. Simultaneous exploration of nutrients and pollutants in human milk and their impact on preterm infant growth: An integrative cross-platform approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109018. [PMID: 31863943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Early nutritional management including fortified human breastmilk is currently recommended to fulfil the energy demands and counterbalance risks associated to preterm birth. However, little is known about the potential adverse effects of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) carried in human milk on preterm infant growth. We conducted a pilot study proving the application of an integrative analytical approach based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to advanced statistical models, favouring the comprehensive molecular profiling to support the identification of multiple biomarkers. We applied this workflow in the frame of a preterm infants' cohort to explore environmental determinants of growth. The combination of high resolution gas and liquid chromatography MS platforms generated a large molecular profile, including 102 pollutants and nutrients (targeted analysis) and 784 metabolites (non-targeted analysis). Data analysis consisted in a preliminary examination of associations between the signatures of POPs and the normalised growth of preterm infants, using multivariate linear regression adjusting for known confounding variables. A second analysis aimed to identify multidimensional biomarkers using a multiblock algorithm allowing the integration of multiple datasets in the growth model of preterm infants. The preliminary results did not suggest an impairment of preterm growth associated to the milk concentrations of POPs. The multiblock approach however revealed complex interrelated molecular networks of POPs, lipids, metabolites and amino acids in breastmilk associated to preterm infant growth, supporting the high potential of biomarkers exploration of this proposed workflow. Whereas the present study intended to identify simultaneously pollutant and nutrient exposure profiles associated to early preterm infant growth, this workflow may be easily adapted and applied to other matrices (e.g. serum) and research settings, favouring the functional exploration of environmental determinants of complex and multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Cécile Alexandre-Gouabau
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-Ouest), Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Moyon
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-Ouest), Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Billard
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-Ouest), Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-Ouest), Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Clair-Yves Boquien
- Nantes Université, INRA, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-Ouest), Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), F-44000, Nantes, France; EMBA, European Milk Bank Association, Milano, Italy
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66
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Rager JE, Bangma J, Carberry C, Chao A, Grossman J, Lu K, Manuck TA, Sobus JR, Szilagyi J, Fry RC. Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:1-12. [PMID: 32061676 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals comprise a major portion of the human exposome, with some shown to impact the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women and developing fetuses. The placenta and cord blood serve as important biological windows into the maternal and fetal environments. In this article we review how environmental chemicals (defined here to include man-made chemicals [e.g., flame retardants, pesticides/herbicides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances], toxins, metals, and other xenobiotic compounds) contribute to the prenatal exposome and highlight future directions to advance this research field. Our findings from a survey of recent literature indicate the need to better understand the breadth of environmental chemicals that reach the placenta and cord blood, as well as the linkages between prenatal exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, and subsequent health outcomes. Research efforts tailored towards addressing these needs will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how environmental chemicals impact maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Chao
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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67
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Epigenetic Biomarkers for Environmental Exposures and Personalized Breast Cancer Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041181. [PMID: 32069786 PMCID: PMC7068429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle factors are believed to account for >80% of breast cancers; however, it is not well understood how and when these factors affect risk and which exposed individuals will actually develop the disease. While alcohol consumption, obesity, and hormone therapy are some known risk factors for breast cancer, other exposures associated with breast cancer risk have not yet been identified or well characterized. In this paper, it is proposed that the identification of blood epigenetic markers for personal, in utero, and ancestral environmental exposures can help researchers better understand known and potential relationships between exposures and breast cancer risk and may enable personalized prevention strategies.
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68
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Liu KY, Zhang JJ, Geng ML, Zhu YT, Liu XJ, Ding P, Wang BL, Liu WW, Liu YH, Tao FB. A Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Multi-class Antibiotics in Pregnant Urines by LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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69
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Hájková K, Jurásek B, Čejka J, Štefková K, Páleníček T, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Synthesis and identification of deschloroketamine metabolites in rats' urine and a quantification method for deschloroketamine and metabolites in rats' serum and brain tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:343-360. [PMID: 31670910 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissociative anesthetics have also come to the attention of the psychiatric field due to their potential properties in the treatment of depression. At present, there is a dearth of information on deschloroketamine related to its metabolism, biodistribution, and its mechanism of action. We have therefore carried out a metabolomics study for deschloroketamine via non-targeted screening of urine samples employing liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We developed and validated a multiple reaction monitoring method using a triple quadrupole instrument to track metabolites of deschloroketamine. Furthermore, significant metabolites of deschloroketamine, (trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine, cis- and trans-dihydronordeschloroketamine, and nordeschloroketamine), were synthesized in-house. The prepared standards were utilized in the developed multiple reaction monitoring method. The quantification method for serum samples provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 86% to 112% with precision of 3% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine were lower than 10 ng/mL, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 860 ng/mL in real samples. The quantification method for brain tissue provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 80% to 125% with precision of 7% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 70 ng/g, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine varied from 0.5 to 4700 ng/g in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
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70
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Reisdorph NA, Walmsley S, Reisdorph R. A Perspective and Framework for Developing Sample Type Specific Databases for LC/MS-Based Clinical Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010008. [PMID: 31877765 PMCID: PMC7023092 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has the potential to greatly impact biomedical research in areas such as biomarker discovery and understanding molecular mechanisms of disease. However, compound identification (ID) remains a major challenge in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. This is partly due to a lack of specificity in metabolomics databases. Though impressive in depth and breadth, the sheer magnitude of currently available databases is in part what makes them ineffective for many metabolomics studies. While still in pilot phases, our experience suggests that custom-built databases, developed using empirical data from specific sample types, can significantly improve confidence in IDs. While the concept of sample type specific databases (STSDBs) and spectral libraries is not entirely new, inclusion of unique descriptors such as detection frequency and quality scores, can be used to increase confidence in results. These features can be used alone to judge the quality of a database entry, or together to provide filtering capabilities. STSDBs rely on and build upon several available tools for compound ID and are therefore compatible with current compound ID strategies. Overall, STSDBs can potentially result in a new paradigm for translational metabolomics, whereby investigators confidently know the identity of compounds following a simple, single STSDB search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole A. Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-9234
| | - Scott Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rick Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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71
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Yang JJ, Han Y, Mah CH, Wanjaya E, Peng B, Xu TF, Liu M, Huan T, Fang ML. Streamlined MRM method transfer between instruments assisted with HRMS matching and retention-time prediction. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1100:88-96. [PMID: 31987156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (e.g., LC-QqQ-MS/MS) has been extensively employed in the small molecule analysis with trace levels in complex samples owing to its high sensitivity. However, most of the reported MRM methods are developed using authentic standards, which are often costly yet not readily available. To address this question, a practical platform for the MRM method transfer between different LC-QqQ-MS/MS instruments, assisted by the high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and retention time (RT) prediction, has been developed in this study. The reported platform can take advantage of both the high sensitivity of LC-MRM method and ion transition pairs from the previous publications. LC-HRMS can provide the accurate mass measurement of the compounds, though high-quality MS/MS fragments are usually difficult to obtain for chemicals at trace levels. Retention time matching and peaks matching between both instrumental platforms rule out isobaric candidates. With an additional retention time prediction filter from quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) model based on random forest feature selection (Pearson r2 = 0.63), identification of small molecules is achieved at a high confidence level without using authentic standards. The developed platform has been validated with robustness by examining spiked environmental chemicals in sludge water samples, biological urine, and cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Y Han
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - C H Mah
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - E Wanjaya
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - B Peng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - T F Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - M Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - T Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M L Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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72
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Azad RK, Shulaev V. Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics for precision medicine. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:1957-1971. [PMID: 29304189 PMCID: PMC6954408 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is rapidly emerging as a strategy to tailor medical treatment to a small group or even individual patients based on their genetics, environment and lifestyle. Precision medicine relies heavily on developments in systems biology and omics disciplines, including metabolomics. Combination of metabolomics with sophisticated bioinformatics analysis and mathematical modeling has an extreme power to provide a metabolic snapshot of the patient over the course of disease and treatment or classifying patients into subpopulations and subgroups requiring individual medical treatment. Although a powerful approach, metabolomics have certain limitations in technology and bioinformatics. We will review various aspects of metabolomics technology and bioinformatics, from data generation, bioinformatics analysis, data fusion and mathematical modeling to data management, in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Corresponding author: Vladimir Shulaev, Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76210, USA. Tel.: 940-369-5368; Fax: 940-565-3821; E-mail:
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Bocato MZ, Bianchi Ximenez JP, Hoffmann C, Barbosa F. An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 22:131-156. [PMID: 31543064 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1661588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human Biomonitoring (HB), the process for determining whether and to what extent chemical substances penetrated our bodies, serves as a useful tool to quantify human exposure to pollutants. In cases of nutrition and physiologic status, HB plays a critical role in the identification of excess or deficiency of essential nutrients. In pollutant HB studies, levels of substances measured in body fluids (blood, urine, and breast milk) or tissues (hair, nails or teeth) aid in the identification of potential health risks or associated adverse effects. However, even as a widespread practice in several countries, most HB studies reflect exposure to a single compound or mixtures which are measured at a single time point in lifecycle. On the other hand, throughout an individual's lifespan, the contact with different physical, chemical, and social stressors occurs at varying intensities, differing times and durations. Further, the interaction between stressors and body receptors leads to dynamic responses of the entire biological system including proteome, metabolome, transcriptome, and adductome. Bearing this in mind, a relatively new vision in exposure science, defined as the exposome, is postulated to expand the traditional practice of measuring a single exposure to one or few chemicals at one-time point to an approach that addresses measures of exposure to multiple stressors throughout the lifespan. With the exposome concept, the science of exposure advances to an Environment-Wide Association Perspective, which might exhibit a stronger relationship with good health or disease conditions for an individual (phenotype). Thus, this critical review focused on the current progress of HB and exposome investigations, anticipating some challenges, strategies, and future needs to be taken into account for designing future surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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74
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Barupal DK, Fiehn O. Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:97008. [PMID: 31557052 PMCID: PMC6794490 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood chemicals are routinely measured in clinical or preclinical research studies to diagnose diseases, assess risks in epidemiological research, or use metabolomic phenotyping in response to treatments. A vast volume of blood-related literature is available via the PubMed database for data mining. OBJECTIVES We aimed to generate a comprehensive blood exposome database of endogenous and exogenous chemicals associated with the mammalian circulating system through text mining and database fusion. METHODS Using NCBI resources, we retrieved PubMed abstracts, PubChem chemical synonyms, and PMC supplementary tables. We then employed text mining and PubChem crowdsourcing to associate phrases relating to blood with PubChem chemicals. False positives were removed by a phrase pattern and a compound exclusion list. RESULTS A query to identify blood-related publications in the PubMed database yielded 1.1 million papers. Matching a total of 15 million synonyms from 6.5 million relevant PubChem chemicals against all blood-related publications yielded 37,514 chemicals and 851,999 publications records. Mapping PubChem compound identifiers to the PubMed database yielded 49,940 unique chemicals linked to 676,643 papers. Analysis of open-access metabolomics papers related to blood phrases in the PMC database yielded 4,039 unique compounds and 204 papers. Consolidating these three approaches summed up to a total of 41,474 achiral structures that were linked to 65,957 PubChem CIDs and to over 878,966 PubMed articles. We mapped these compounds to 50 databases such as those covering metabolites and pathways, governmental and toxicological databases, pharmacology resources, and bioassay repositories. In comparison, HMDB, the Human Metabolome Database, links 1,075 compounds to blood-related primary publications. CONCLUSION This new Blood Exposome Database can be used for prioritizing chemicals for systematic reviews, developing target assays in exposome research, identifying compounds in untargeted mass spectrometry, and biological interpretation in metabolomics data. The database is available at http://bloodexposome.org. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Barupal
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Xue J, Lai Y, Liu CW, Ru H. Towards Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemical Exposome: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7030041. [PMID: 31426576 PMCID: PMC6789759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proposal of the “exposome” concept represents a shift of the research paradigm in studying exposure-disease relationships from an isolated and partial way to a systematic and agnostic approach. Nevertheless, exposome implementation is facing a variety of challenges including measurement techniques and data analysis. Here we focus on the chemical exposome, which refers to the mixtures of chemical pollutants people are exposed to from embryo onwards. We review the current chemical exposome measurement approaches with a focus on those based on the mass spectrometry. We further explore the strategies in implementing the concept of chemical exposome and discuss the available chemical exposome studies. Early progresses in the chemical exposome research are outlined, and major challenges are highlighted. In conclusion, efforts towards chemical exposome have only uncovered the tip of the iceberg, and further advancement in measurement techniques, computational tools, high-throughput data analysis, and standardization may allow more exciting discoveries concerning the role of exposome in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Non-targeted Screening in Environmental Monitoring Programs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:731-741. [PMID: 31347081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contaminant monitoring programs have been tasked with understanding the fate and transport of toxic chemicals in the environment. Mass spectrometry based methods have traditionally been developed to maximize sensitivity and accuracy of a select set of target compounds. As mass spectrometry methods have advanced, so has the breadth of questions proposed by environmental chemists. Incorporating these methods in chemical monitoring programs provides large data sets to explore the effects of complex mixtures on environmental systems.
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Hedgespeth ML, Nichols EG. Expanding phytoremediation to the realms of known and unknown organic chemicals of concern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1385-1396. [PMID: 31257906 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in analytical chemistry and data analyses via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are evolving scientific understanding of the potential totality of organic chemical exposure and pollutant risk. This review addresses the importance of HRMS approaches, namely suspect screening and nontarget chemical analyses, to the realm of phytoremediation. These analytical approaches are not without caveats and constraints, but they provide an opportunity to understand in greater totality how plant-based technologies contribute, mitigate, and reduce organic chemical exposure across scales of experimental and system-level studies. These analytical tools can enlighten the complexity and efficacy of plant-contaminant system design and expand our understanding of biogenic and anthropogenic chemicals at work in phytoremediation systems. Advances in data analytics from biological sciences, such as metabolomics, are crucial to HRMS analysis. This review provides an overview of targeted, suspect screening, and nontarget HRMS approaches, summarizes the expanding knowledge of regulated and unregulated organic chemicals in the environment, addresses requisite HRMS instrumentation, analysis cost, uncertainty, and data processing techniques, and offers potential bridges of HRMS analyses to phytoremediation research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Walker DI, Valvi D, Rothman N, Lan Q, Miller GW, Jones DP. The metabolome: A key measure for exposome research in epidemiology. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2019; 6:93-103. [PMID: 31828002 PMCID: PMC6905435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Application of omics to study human health has created a new era of opportunities for epidemiology research. However, approaches to characterize exogenous health triggers have largely not leveraged advances in analytical platforms and big data. In this review, we highlight the exposome, which is defined as the cumulative measure of exposure and biological responses across a lifetime as a cornerstone for new epidemiology approaches to study complex and preventable human diseases. RECENT FINDINGS While no universal approach exists to measure the entirety of the exposome, use of high-resolution mass spectrometry methods provide distinct advantages over traditional biomonitoring and have provided key advances necessary for exposome research. Application to different study designs and recommendations for combining exposome data with novel data analytic frameworks to study complex interactions of multiple stressors are also discussed. SUMMARY Even though challenges still need to be addressed, advances in methods to characterize the exposome provide exciting new opportunities for epidemiology to support fundamental discoveries to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qing Lan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York NY
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Dolios G, Patel D, Arora M, Andra SS. Mass defect filtering for suspect screening of halogenated environmental chemicals: A case study of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:503-519. [PMID: 30548241 PMCID: PMC9375139 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are a class of flame retardants widely found in environmental and biological matrices that have been extensively studied due to their adverse health effects in humans. OPFRs are loosely bound chemicals that can detach from treated products and be released into indoor and outdoor environments, where they have the potential to further undergo transformation and degradation processes, in particular the chlorinated OPFRs (Cl-PFRs). Their detection remains a moving target for analysts, and traditional targeted mass spectrometry methods are suitable only for those compounds with authentic standards. METHODS Mass defect filter (MDF) is a strategy to filter molecular features using thresholds applied to the mass defect value of a target ion or molecular feature of interest. We have developed an MDF strategy for the detection and tentative identification of twelve potential Cl-PFR transformation products in a study mixture of six known Cl-PFRs using MS/MS data acquired on a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Most compounds in the Cl-PFRs family share a ClO4 P group as a core structure, of which modification results in a significant shift in the exact masses of the resulting compounds but show only a minimal shift in their mass defects. Subsequently, the MDF strategy was employed to tentatively identify Cl-PFRs retrospectively in six human urine samples that had previously been analyzed. RESULTS MDF in combination with product ion filtering for the characteristic [H2 O3 P]+ and [H4 O4 P]+ ions and neutral loss filtering for the characteristic Cn H2n-x Clx group resulted in revealing suspects and homologues in the Cl-PFRs family. Furthermore, the MDF of the product ions detected additional Cl-PFR-related compounds that differed significantly in the exact masses of both precursor and product ions but had minimal shift in the mass defects of product ions. The mass defect of one or more common product ions helped to detect a few Cl-PFR analogs that had not been identified by MDF of the core structure precursor ion. CONCLUSIONS MDF helped to detect some Cl-PFRs present in lower concentrations, which went undetected without data filters. MDF also helped to detect chromatographic peaks for Cl-PFR homologues that are likely structural analogs that resulted from impurities and/or derivatives and transformation products. The methodology was applied to demonstrate and tentatively detect known and suspect Cl-PFRs in human urine samples retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Syam S. Andra
- Correspondence to Syam S. Andra (), Division of Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1057, New York City, NY 10029, USA
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Léon A, Cariou R, Hutinet S, Hurel J, Guitton Y, Tixier C, Munschy C, Antignac JP, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. HaloSeeker 1.0: A User-Friendly Software to Highlight Halogenated Chemicals in Nontargeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data Sets. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3500-3507. [PMID: 30758179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we address the issue of nontargeted screening of organohalogenated chemicals in complex matrixes. A global strategy aiming to seek halogenated signatures in full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) fingerprints was developed. The resulting all-in-one user-friendly application, HaloSeeker 1.0, was developed to promote the accessibility of associated in-house bioinformatics tools to a large audience. The ergonomic web user interface avoids any interactions with the coding component while allowing interactions with the data, including peak detection (features), deconvolution, and comprehensive accompanying manual review for chemical formula assignment. HaloSeeker 1.0 was successfully applied to a marine sediment HRMS data set acquired on a liquid chromatography-heated electrospray ionization [LC-HESI(-)] Orbitrap instrument ( R = 140 000 at m/z 200). Among the 4532 detected features, 827 were paired and filtered in 165 polyhalogenated clusters. HaloSeeker was also compared to three similar tools and showed the best performances. HaloSeeker's ability to filter and investigate halogenated signals was demonstrated and illustrated by a potential homologue series with C12H xBr yCl zO2 as a putative general formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Léon
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France.,Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Ronan Cariou
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Sébastien Hutinet
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Julie Hurel
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Yann Guitton
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Céline Tixier
- Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques , Ifremer , F-44311 , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments , Oniris , INRA, F-44307 , Nantes , France
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Sobus JR, Grossman JN, Chao A, Singh R, Williams AJ, Grulke CM, Richard AM, Newton SR, McEachran AD, Ulrich EM. Using prepared mixtures of ToxCast chemicals to evaluate non-targeted analysis (NTA) method performance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:835-851. [PMID: 30612177 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) methods are increasingly used to discover contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but the extent to which these methods can support exposure and health studies remains to be determined. EPA's Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT) was launched in 2016 to address this need. As part of ENTACT, 1269 unique substances from EPA's ToxCast library were combined to make ten synthetic mixtures, with each mixture containing between 95 and 365 substances. As a participant in the trial, we first performed blinded NTA on each mixture using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). We then performed an unblinded evaluation to identify limitations of our NTA method. Overall, at least 60% of spiked substances could be observed using selected methods. Discounting spiked isomers, true positive rates from the blinded and unblinded analyses reached a maximum of 46% and 65%, respectively. An overall reproducibility rate of 75% was observed for substances spiked into more than one mixture and observed at least once. Considerable discordance in substance identification was observed when comparing a subset of our results derived from two separate reversed-phase chromatography methods. We conclude that a single NTA method, even when optimized, can likely characterize only a subset of ToxCast substances (and, by extension, other CECs). Rigorous quality control and self-evaluation practices should be required of labs generating NTA data to support exposure and health studies. Accurate and transparent communication of performance results will best enable meaningful interpretations and defensible use of NTA data. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Jarod N Grossman
- Student Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.,Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Alex Chao
- Student Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Randolph Singh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Antony J Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Christopher M Grulke
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Richard
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Seth R Newton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Andrew D McEachran
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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Ozeki Y, Omae M, Kitagawa S, Ohtani H. Electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced charge stripping for the analysis of highly multiply charged intact polymers. Analyst 2019; 144:3428-3435. [PMID: 31012442 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with large molecular weight are difficult to interpret using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) due to the generation of various highly multiply charged analytes. Although ESI-ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS is effective in reducing the complexity of the mass spectrum, this approach is insufficient for analyzing highly multiply charged polymers. In this study, we propose a method combining tandem mass spectrometry (quadrupole and high-resolution time-of-flight MS, QMS/TOFMS), IMS, and collision-induced charge stripping (CICS) for analyzing large intact polymers (∼40 kDa), which are highly multiply charged. The number of charges can be estimated from a Fourier transform power spectrum of a mass spectrum when the charge number is less than approximately 20. Interpretations of the spectra of poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) weighing 20 kDa, poly(methyl methacrylate)s weighing 22 kDa, and methoxy-PEO-maleimide weighing 40 kDa were successfully demonstrated with isotope level and polymerization degree level separations, respectively. In the proposed method, a mixture can be analyzed for relatively small (a few kDa) and large (a few tens of kDa) polymers simultaneously without any sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ozeki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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Oberacher H, Reinstadler V, Kreidl M, Stravs MA, Hollender J, Schymanski EL. Annotating Nontargeted LC-HRMS/MS Data with Two Complementary Tandem Mass Spectral Libraries. Metabolites 2018; 9:metabo9010003. [PMID: 30583579 PMCID: PMC6359582 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectral databases are indispensable for fast and reliable compound identification in nontargeted analysis with liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), which is applied to a wide range of scientific fields. While many articles now review and compare spectral libraries, in this manuscript we investigate two high-quality and specialized collections from our respective institutes, recorded on different instruments (quadrupole time-of-flight or QqTOF vs. Orbitrap). The optimal range of collision energies for spectral comparison was evaluated using 233 overlapping compounds between the two libraries, revealing that spectra in the range of CE 20–50 eV on the QqTOF and 30–60 nominal collision energy units on the Orbitrap provided optimal matching results for these libraries. Applications to complex samples from the respective institutes revealed that the libraries, combined with a simple data mining approach to retrieve all spectra with precursor and fragment information, could confirm many validated target identifications and yield several new Level 2a (spectral match) identifications. While the results presented are not surprising in many ways, this article adds new results to the debate on the comparability of Orbitrap and QqTOF data and the application of spectral libraries to yield rapid and high-confidence tentative identifications in complex human and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Vera Reinstadler
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marco Kreidl
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael A Stravs
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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85
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EPA's non-targeted analysis collaborative trial (ENTACT): genesis, design, and initial findings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:853-866. [PMID: 30519961 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In August 2015, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) convened a workshop entitled "Advancing non-targeted analyses of xenobiotic chemicals in environmental and biological media." The purpose of the workshop was to bring together the foremost experts in non-targeted analysis (NTA) to discuss the state-of-the-science for generating, interpreting, and exchanging NTA measurement data. During the workshop, participants discussed potential designs for a collaborative project that would use EPA resources, including the ToxCast library of chemical substances, the DSSTox database, and the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, to evaluate cutting-edge NTA methods. That discussion was the genesis of EPA's Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT). Nearly 30 laboratories have enrolled in ENTACT and used a variety of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and data processing approaches to characterize ten synthetic chemical mixtures, three standardized media (human serum, house dust, and silicone band) extracts, and thousands of individual substances. Initial results show that nearly all participants have detected and reported more compounds in the mixtures than were intentionally added, with large inter-lab variability in the number of reported compounds. A comparison of gas and liquid chromatography results shows that the majority (45.3%) of correctly identified compounds were detected by only one method and 15.4% of compounds were not identified. Finally, a limited set of true positive identifications indicates substantial differences in observable chemical space when employing disparate separation and ionization techniques as part of NTA workflows. This article describes the genesis of ENTACT, all study methods and materials, and an analysis of results submitted to date. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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86
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Pleil JD, Wallace MAG, McCord J. Beyond monoisotopic accurate mass spectrometry: ancillary techniques for identifying unknown features in non-targeted discovery analysis. J Breath Res 2018; 13:012001. [PMID: 30433878 PMCID: PMC6394216 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aae8c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) is an important tool for performing non-targeted analysis for investigating complex organic mixtures in human or environmental media. This perspective demonstrates HR-MS compound identification strategies using atom counting, isotope ratios, and fragmentation pattern analysis based on ‘exact’ or ‘accurate’ mass, which allows analytical distinction among mass fragments with the same integer mass, but with different atomic constituents of the original molecules. Herein, HR-MS technology is shown to narrow down the identity of unknown compounds for specific examples, and ultimately inform future analyses when these compounds reoccur. Although HR-MS is important for all biological media, this is particularly critical for new methods and instrumentation invoking exhaled breath condensate, particles, and aerosols. In contrast to standard breath gas-phase analyses where 1 mass unit (Da) resolution is generally sufficient, the condensed phase breath media are particularly vulnerable to errors in compound identification because the larger organic non-volatile molecules can form identical integer mass fragments from different atomic constituents which then require high-resolution mass analyses to tell them apart.
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87
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Sobus JR, Wambaugh JF, Isaacs KK, Williams AJ, McEachran AD, Richard AM, Grulke CM, Ulrich EM, Rager JE, Strynar MJ, Newton SR. Integrating tools for non-targeted analysis research and chemical safety evaluations at the US EPA. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:411-426. [PMID: 29288256 PMCID: PMC6661898 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tens-of-thousands of chemicals are registered in the U.S. for use in countless processes and products. Recent evidence suggests that many of these chemicals are measureable in environmental and/or biological systems, indicating the potential for widespread exposures. Traditional public health research tools, including in vivo studies and targeted analytical chemistry methods, have been unable to meet the needs of screening programs designed to evaluate chemical safety. As such, new tools have been developed to enable rapid assessment of potentially harmful chemical exposures and their attendant biological responses. One group of tools, known as "non-targeted analysis" (NTA) methods, allows the rapid characterization of thousands of never-before-studied compounds in a wide variety of environmental, residential, and biological media. This article discusses current applications of NTA methods, challenges to their effective use in chemical screening studies, and ways in which shared resources (e.g., chemical standards, databases, model predictions, and media measurements) can advance their use in risk-based chemical prioritization. A brief review is provided of resources and projects within EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) that provide benefit to, and receive benefits from, NTA research endeavors. A summary of EPA's Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT) is also given, which makes direct use of ORD resources to benefit the global NTA research community. Finally, a research framework is described that shows how NTA methods will bridge chemical prioritization efforts within ORD. This framework exists as a guide for institutions seeking to understand the complexity of chemical exposures, and the impact of these exposures on living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - John F Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kristin K Isaacs
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Antony J Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrew D McEachran
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ann M Richard
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Christopher M Grulke
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- ToxStrategies, Inc., 9390 Research Blvd., Suite 100, Austin, TX, 78759, USA
| | - Mark J Strynar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Seth R Newton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Wang A, Gerona RR, Schwartz JM, Lin T, Sirota M, Morello-Frosch R, Woodruff TJ. A Suspect Screening Method for Characterizing Multiple Chemical Exposures among a Demographically Diverse Population of Pregnant Women in San Francisco. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:077009. [PMID: 30044231 PMCID: PMC6108847 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to environmental chemicals can adversely impact pregnancy outcomes and childhood health, but minimal biomonitoring data exist on the majority of chemicals used in commerce. OBJECTIVES We aimed to profile exposure to multiple environmental organic acids (EOAs) and identify novel chemicals that have not been previously biomonitored in a diverse population of pregnant women. METHODS We used liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) to perform a suspect screen for 696 EOAs, (e.g., phenols and phthalate metabolites) on the maternal serum collected at delivery from 75 pregnant women delivering at two large San Francisco Hospitals. We examined demographic differences in peak areas and detection frequency (DF) of suspect EOAs using a Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum test or Fisher's exact test. We confirmed selected suspects by comparison with their respective reference standards. RESULTS We detected, on average, 56 [standard deviation (SD)]: 8) suspect EOAs in each sample (range: 32-73). Twelve suspect EOAs with DF≥60 were matched to 21 candidate compounds in our EOA database, two-thirds of which are novel chemicals. We found demographic differences in DF for 13 suspect EOAs and confirmed the presence of 6 priority novel chemicals: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, Pyrocatechol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 3,5-Di-tert-butylsalicylic acid, 4-Hydroxycoumarin, and 2'-Hydroxyacetophenone (or 3'-Hydroxyacetophenone). The first two are high-production-volume chemicals in the United States. CONCLUSION Suspect screening in human biomonitoring provides a viable method to characterize a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals to prioritize for targeted method development and quantification. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Lab, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jackie M Schwartz
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Lin
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Lab, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- School of Public Health and Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Alygizakis NA, Samanipour S, Hollender J, Ibáñez M, Kaserzon S, Kokkali V, van Leerdam JA, Mueller JF, Pijnappels M, Reid MJ, Schymanski EL, Slobodnik J, Thomaidis NS, Thomas KV. Exploring the Potential of a Global Emerging Contaminant Early Warning Network through the Use of Retrospective Suspect Screening with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5135-5144. [PMID: 29651850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge in the environmental and exposure sciences is to establish experimental evidence of the role of chemical exposure in human and environmental systems. High resolution and accurate tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS) is increasingly being used for the analysis of environmental samples. One lauded benefit of HRMS is the possibility to retrospectively process data for (previously omitted) compounds that has led to the archiving of HRMS data. Archived HRMS data affords the possibility of exploiting historical data to rapidly and effectively establish the temporal and spatial occurrence of newly identified contaminants through retrospective suspect screening. We propose to establish a global emerging contaminant early warning network to rapidly assess the spatial and temporal distribution of contaminants of emerging concern in environmental samples through performing retrospective analysis on HRMS data. The effectiveness of such a network is demonstrated through a pilot study, where eight reference laboratories with available archived HRMS data retrospectively screened data acquired from aqueous environmental samples collected in 14 countries on 3 different continents. The widespread spatial occurrence of several surfactants (e.g., polyethylene glycols ( PEGs ) and C12AEO-PEGs ), transformation products of selected drugs (e.g., gabapentin-lactam, metoprolol-acid, carbamazepine-10-hydroxy, omeprazole-4-hydroxy-sulfide, and 2-benzothiazole-sulfonic-acid), and industrial chemicals (3-nitrobenzenesulfonate and bisphenol-S) was revealed. Obtaining identifications of increased reliability through retrospective suspect screening is challenging, and recommendations for dealing with issues such as broad chromatographic peaks, data acquisition, and sensitivity are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens , Greece
- Environmental Institute, s.r.o. , Okružná 784/42 , 972 41 Koš , Slovak Republic
| | - Saer Samanipour
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Gaustadalléen 21 , 0349 Oslo , Norway
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - María Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water , University Jaume I , Avda. Sos Baynat s/n , 12071 Castellón de la Plana , Spain
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , 20 Cornwall Street , Woolloongabba , Queensland 4102 , Australia
| | - Varvara Kokkali
- Vitens Laboratory , Snekertrekweg 61 , 8912 AA Leeuwarden , The Netherlands
| | - Jan A van Leerdam
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute , P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein , The Netherlands
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , 20 Cornwall Street , Woolloongabba , Queensland 4102 , Australia
| | - Martijn Pijnappels
- Rijkswaterstaat , Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment , Zuiderwagenplein 2 , 8224 AD Lelystad , The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm J Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Gaustadalléen 21 , 0349 Oslo , Norway
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) , University of Luxembourg , 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- Environmental Institute, s.r.o. , Okružná 784/42 , 972 41 Koš , Slovak Republic
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Gaustadalléen 21 , 0349 Oslo , Norway
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , 20 Cornwall Street , Woolloongabba , Queensland 4102 , Australia
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90
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Samanipour S, Reid MJ, Bæk K, Thomas KV. Combining a Deconvolution and a Universal Library Search Algorithm for the Nontarget Analysis of Data-Independent Acquisition Mode Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Results. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4694-4701. [PMID: 29561135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget analysis is considered one of the most comprehensive tools for the identification of unknown compounds in a complex sample analyzed via liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Due to the complexity of the data generated via LC-HRMS, the data-dependent acquisition mode, which produces the MS2 spectra of a limited number of the precursor ions, has been one of the most common approaches used during nontarget screening. However, data-independent acquisition mode produces highly complex spectra that require proper deconvolution and library search algorithms. We have developed a deconvolution algorithm and a universal library search algorithm (ULSA) for the analysis of complex spectra generated via data-independent acquisition. These algorithms were validated and tested using both semisynthetic and real environmental data. A total of 6000 randomly selected spectra from MassBank were introduced across the total ion chromatograms of 15 sludge extracts at three levels of background complexity for the validation of the algorithms via semisynthetic data. The deconvolution algorithm successfully extracted more than 60% of the added ions in the analytical signal for 95% of processed spectra (i.e., 3 complexity levels multiplied by 6000 spectra). The ULSA ranked the correct spectra among the top three for more than 95% of cases. We further tested the algorithms with 5 wastewater effluent extracts for 59 artificial unknown analytes (i.e., their presence or absence was confirmed via target analysis). These algorithms did not produce any cases of false identifications while correctly identifying ∼70% of the total inquiries. The implications, capabilities, and the limitations of both algorithms are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saer Samanipour
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , 0349 Oslo , Norway
| | - Malcolm J Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , 0349 Oslo , Norway
| | - Kine Bæk
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , 0349 Oslo , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , 0349 Oslo , Norway
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , University of Queensland , 39 Kessels Road , Coopers Plains , Queensland 4108 , Australia
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91
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Phillips KA, Yau A, Favela KA, Isaacs KK, McEachran A, Grulke C, Richard AM, Williams AJ, Sobus JR, Thomas RS, Wambaugh JF. Suspect Screening Analysis of Chemicals in Consumer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3125-3135. [PMID: 29405058 PMCID: PMC6168952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS) suspect screening analysis method was used to rapidly characterize chemicals in 100 consumer products-which included formulations (e.g., shampoos, paints), articles (e.g., upholsteries, shower curtains), and foods (cereals)-and therefore supports broader efforts to prioritize chemicals based on potential human health risks. Analyses yielded 4270 unique chemical signatures across the products, with 1602 signatures tentatively identified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2008 spectral database. Chemical standards confirmed the presence of 119 compounds. Of the 1602 tentatively identified chemicals, 1404 were not present in a public database of known consumer product chemicals. Reported data and model predictions of chemical functional use were applied to evaluate the tentative chemical identifications. Estimated chemical concentrations were compared to manufacturer-reported values and other measured data. Chemical presence and concentration data can now be used to improve estimates of chemical exposure, and refine estimates of risk posed to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Phillips
- National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Alice Yau
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Kristin K. Isaacs
- National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Andrew McEachran
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA 37830
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Christopher Grulke
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Ann M. Richard
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Antony J. Williams
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - Russell S. Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- National Center for Computational Toxicology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC USA 27711
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92
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Gerona RR, Schwartz JM, Pan J, Friesen MM, Lin T, Woodruff TJ. Suspect screening of maternal serum to identify new environmental chemical biomonitoring targets using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:101-108. [PMID: 29019345 PMCID: PMC6639024 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use and advantages of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) as a discovery tool for environmental chemical monitoring has been demonstrated for environmental samples but not for biological samples. We developed a method using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC-QTOF/MS) for discovery of previously unmeasured environmental chemicals in human serum. Using non-targeted data acquisition (full scan MS analysis) we were able to screen for environmental organic acids (EOAs) in 20 serum samples from second trimester pregnant women. We define EOAs as environmental organic compounds with at least one dissociable proton which are utilized in commerce. EOAs include environmental phenols, phthalate metabolites, perfluorinated compounds, phenolic metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls, and acidic pesticides and/or predicted acidic pesticide metabolites. Our validated method used solid phase extraction, reversed-phase chromatography in a C18 column with gradient elution, electrospray ionization in negative polarity and automated tandem MS (MS/MS) data acquisition to maximize true positive rates. We identified "suspect EOAs" using Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software, to match chemical formulas generated from each sample run with molecular formulas in our unique database of 693 EOAs assembled from multiple environmental literature sources. We found potential matches for 282 (41%) of the EOAs in our database. Sixty-five of these suspect EOAs were detected in at least 75% of the samples; only 19 of these compounds are currently biomonitored in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We confirmed two of three suspect EOAs by LC-QTOF/MS using a targeted method developed through LC-MS/MS, reporting the first confirmation of benzophenone-1 and bisphenol S in pregnant women's sera. Our suspect screening workflow provides an approach to comprehensively scan environmental chemical exposures in humans. This can provide a better source of exposure information to help improve exposure and risk evaluation of industrial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R. Gerona
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jackie M. Schwartz
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Janet Pan
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Matthew M. Friesen
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Thomas Lin
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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93
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Dogruer G, Weijs L, Tang JYM, Hollert H, Kock M, Bell I, Madden Hof CA, Gaus C. Effect-based approach for screening of chemical mixtures in whole blood of green turtles from the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:321-329. [PMID: 28854388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are exposed to mixtures of both known and unknown chemicals which are diverse and variable, and thus difficult and costly to characterise and monitor using traditional target analyses. The objective of this study was to validate and apply in vitro effect-based methods by which whole blood can be used to screen internal exposure to such complex chemical mixtures. For this study, we used whole blood of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). To ensure the chemical mixture in blood is transferred with minimal losses or bias, we tested a modified QuEChERS extraction method specifically developed for multi- and non-target instrument analysis. The extracts were dosed to a battery of in vitro bioassays (AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32, NFκB-bla, VM7Luc4E2, Microtox), each with a different mode of action (e.g., AhR receptor mediated xenobiotics, NrF2-mediated oxidative stress, NFκB mediated response to inflammation, estrogen activity and baseline toxicity oxidative stress, respectively) in order to cover a wide spectrum of chemicals. Results confirmed the absence of interferences of the blood extract with the responses of the different assays, thus indicating the methods' compatibility with effect-based screening approaches. To apply this approach, whole blood samples were collected from green turtles foraging in agricultural, urban and remote areas of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. The effect-based screening revealed significant differences in exposure, with higher induction of AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32 and Microtox assays in turtles from the agricultural foraging ground. Overall, these results corroborated with concurrent health, target and non-target analyses in the same animals performed as part of a larger program. This study provides evidence that the proposed effect-based approach is suitable for screening and evaluating internal exposure of organisms to chemical mixtures. The approach could be valuable for advancing understanding on multiple levels ranging from identification of priority chemicals in effect-directed investigations to exploring relationships between exposure and disease, not only in sea turtles, but in any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsah Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Janet Yat-Man Tang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Threatened Species Unit, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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94
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Lessmann F, Bury D, Weiss T, Hayen H, Brüning T, Koch HM. De-novo identification of specific exposure biomarkers of the alternative plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) after low oral dosage to male volunteers by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Biomarkers 2018; 23:196-206. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1410856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Lessmann
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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95
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96
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Hollender J, Schymanski EL, Singer HP, Ferguson PL. Nontarget Screening with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Environment: Ready to Go? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11505-11512. [PMID: 28877430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The vast, diverse universe of organic pollutants is a formidable challenge for environmental sciences, engineering, and regulation. Nontarget screening (NTS) based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has enormous potential to help characterize this universe, but is it ready to go for real world applications? In this Feature article we argue that development of mass spectrometers with increasingly high resolution and novel couplings to both liquid and gas chromatography, combined with the integration of high performance computing, have significantly widened our analytical window and have enabled increasingly sophisticated data processing strategies, indicating a bright future for NTS. NTS has great potential for treatment assessment and pollutant prioritization within regulatory applications, as highlighted here by the case of real-time pollutant monitoring on the River Rhine. We discuss challenges for the future, including the transition from research toward solution-centered and robust, harmonized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz P Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University , Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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97
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Kaserzon SL, Heffernan AL, Thompson K, Mueller JF, Gomez Ramos MJ. Rapid screening and identification of chemical hazards in surface and drinking water using high resolution mass spectrometry and a case-control filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:656-664. [PMID: 28528311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean, safe drinking water poses a serious challenge to regulators, and requires analytical strategies capable of rapid screening and identification of potentially hazardous chemicals, specifically in situations when threats to water quality or security require rapid investigations and potential response. This study describes a fast and efficient chemical hazard screening strategy for characterising trace levels of polar organic contaminants in water matrices, based on liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry with post-acquisition 'case-control' data processing. This method allowed for a rapid response time of less than 24 h for the screening of target, suspect and non-target unknown chemicals via direct injection analysis, and a second, more sensitive analysis option requiring sample pre-concentration. The method was validated by fortifying samples with a range of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (n = 46); with >90% of target compounds positively screened in samples at 1 ng mL-1, and 46% at 0.1 ng mL-1 when analysed via direct injection. To simulate a contamination event samples were fortified with compounds not present in the commercial library (designated 'non-target compounds'; fipronil and fenitrothion), tentatively identified at 0.2 and 1 ng mL-1, respectively; and a compound not included in any known commercial library or public database (designated 'unknown' compounds; 8Cl- perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), at 0.8 ng mL-1. The method was applied to two 'real-case' scenarios: (1) the assessment of drinking water safety during a high-profile event in Brisbane, Australia; and (2) to screen treated, re-circulated drinking water and pre-treated (raw) water. The validated workflow was effective for rapid prioritisation and screening of suspect and non-target potential hazards at trace levels, and could be applied to a wide range of matrices and investigations where comparison of organic contaminants between an affected and control site and or timeframe is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Amy L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Maria Jose Gomez Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Almería, Spain
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98
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Go YM, Jones DP. Redox theory of aging: implications for health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1669-1688. [PMID: 28667066 PMCID: PMC5773128 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetics ultimately defines an individual, yet the phenotype of an adult is extensively determined by the sequence of lifelong exposures, termed the exposome. The redox theory of aging recognizes that animals evolved within an oxygen-rich environment, which created a critical redox interface between an organism and its environment. Advances in redox biology show that redox elements are present throughout metabolic and structural systems and operate as functional networks to support the genome in adaptation to environmental resources and challenges during lifespan. These principles emphasize that physical and functional phenotypes of an adult are determined by gene-environment interactions from early life onward. The principles highlight the critical nature of cumulative exposure memories in defining changes in resilience progressively during life. Both plasma glutathione and cysteine systems become oxidized with aging, and the recent finding that cystine to glutathione ratio in human plasma predicts death in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients suggests this could provide a way to measure resilience of redox networks in aging and disease. The emerging concepts of cumulative gene-environment interactions warrant focused efforts to elucidate central mechanisms by which exposure memory governs health and etiology, onset and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A.
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