51
|
Kaur J, Kaur V, Pakade YB, Katnoria JK. A study on water quality monitoring of Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, Punjab (India). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2699-2722. [PMID: 32949005 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diverse genotoxic agents, entering the aquatic environment through natural and anthropogenic events, pose serious threats to its biotic components. The present study involves the monitoring of water quality by assessing the genotoxic effects and physico-chemical parameters including heavy metals of 10 surface water samples collected from different locations of Buddha Nullah, a tributary of Sutlej flowing through Ludhiana, Punjab (India). Genotoxicity was evaluated following Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay and DNA nicking assay using plasmid (pBR322) whilst the metal (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) analysis was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All water samples collected from the study area had cobalt and lead content more than the permissible limits (0.04 and 0.01, respectively) recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards and the World Health Organization. The samples also induced genotoxicity following both bioassays. The water samples collected from Gaunspur (GP), a site approx. 75.53 km upstream of the Sutlej-Buddha Nullah joining point, has shown the maximum genotoxic effect, i.e. 38.62% in terms of per cent total aberrant cells during A. cepa assay and 100% DNA damage during DNA nicking assay. The Pearson correlation indicated that genotoxicity had a significant positive correlation with the content of cobalt (at p ≤ 0.5). During cluster analysis, the samples from 10 sites formed four statistically significant clusters based on the level of pollution that was dependent on two factors like similarity in physico-chemical characteristics and source of pollution at a specific site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry- Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Yogesh B Pakade
- Cleaner Technology Centre, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Das P, Mukherjee A, Lapworth DJ, Das K, Bhaumik S, Layek MK, Shaw A, Smith M, Sengupta P, MacDonald AM, Sen J. Quantifying the dynamics of sub-daily to seasonal hydrological interactions of Ganges river with groundwater in a densely populated city: Implications to vulnerability of drinking water sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112384. [PMID: 33773213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater resources in South Asian cities are facing immense stress due to over-extraction leading to environmental, social and economic instabilities. The perennial mega rivers of Himalayas form the lifeline for South Asia, underpinning food and water security for a large population both directly and indirectly through exchange with groundwater systems. The present study delineates the spatio-temporal variation in patterns and processes of sub-hourly to annual-scale hydrological exchanges between the Ganges and its adjoining highly exploited aquifer in a urban-peri urban reach. Multivariate statistical analyses established river water-groundwater interaction in this region with ~40% loading of first principal component, i.e river water during monsoon on the shallow aquifer. The part of the aquifer detached from the main confined aquifer show an influence of precipitation (the second principal component) with loading of ~90%. Again the part of the aquifer suffering infiltration of local surface water bodies show effect of precipitation with a second principal loading of ~80%. Fourier transformation is used in the hydrograph to remove influence of heavy urbanization on the hydrographs. This study proves that the phenomenon of infiltrating river water during monsoon plays a primary role in controlling aquifer storage although contaminating the aquifer simultaneously. However, during pre and post-monsoon the flow path reversal helps in maintaining river baseflow. Cross-correlation between the river and piezometric series show increased delay of pressure head propagation of the infiltrating river waterfront, with increasing distance. These observations are also substantiated by stable isotope signatures. The present study provides an understanding of potential groundwater vulnerability resulting from waste water and irrigational contamination through river water intrusion which would eventually lead the government to implement proper water and environmental management policies towards availability of long-term sustainable water resources for the residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Das
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India; Applied Policy Advisory to Hydrogeosciences Group, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Kousik Das
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Sumitro Bhaumik
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Mrinal K Layek
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Ashok Shaw
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Martin Smith
- British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK
| | - Probal Sengupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Alan M MacDonald
- British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK
| | - Joy Sen
- Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kumar A, Kumar A, Prasad KS. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in municipal sewage water joining river Ganga, at Prayagraj (India). GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
54
|
Delgado-González CR, Madariaga-Navarrete A, Fernández-Cortés JM, Islas-Pelcastre M, Oza G, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Advances and Applications of Water Phytoremediation: A Potential Biotechnological Approach for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5215. [PMID: 34068925 PMCID: PMC8157233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Potable and good-quality drinking water availability is a serious global concern, since several pollution sources significantly contribute to low water quality. Amongst these pollution sources, several are releasing an array of hazardous agents into various environmental and water matrices. Unfortunately, there are not very many ecologically friendly systems available to treat the contaminated environment exclusively. Consequently, heavy metal water contamination leads to many diseases in humans, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and cytotoxicity, among others. To solve this problem, there are a plethora of emerging technologies that play an important role in defining treatment strategies. Phytoremediation, the usage of plants to remove contaminants, is a technology that has been widely used to remediate pollution in soils, with particular reference to toxic elements. Thus, hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation for the removal of water contaminants have shown great relevance. In this review, we addressed several studies that support the development of phytoremediation systems in water. We cover the importance of applied science and environmental engineering to generate sustainable strategies to improve water quality. In this context, the phytoremediation capabilities of different plant species and possible obstacles that phytoremediation systems may encounter are discussed with suitable examples by comparing different mechanistic processes. According to the presented data, there are a wide range of plant species with water phytoremediation potential that need to be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective to make water phytoremediation a viable method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Raziel Delgado-González
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - José Miguel Fernández-Cortés
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
| | - Margarita Islas-Pelcastre
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Singh VK, Kumar D, Singh SK, Pham QB, Linh NTT, Mohammed S, Anh DT. Development of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based water quality model of Upper Ganga river basin, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:111985. [PMID: 33581496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ecological sustainability of rivers is in question due to severe pollution and lack of stringent regulations. Long term (1990-2016) water quality data of five stations namely Haridwar, Bareilly, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi of Upper Ganga river, India was considered for analysis using fuzzy analytical process (FAHP) based water quality index (WQI) to assess surface water quality. The value of water physical, biological and chemical parameters of temporal resolution (monthly, seasonal and yearly) indicate that value of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity (Mg CaCO3), total hardness (Mg CaCO3), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and bicarbonate (HCO3) were observed very high compared to recommended value of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) at Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi stations. However, low value of parameters is observed at Haridwar and Bareilly stations. Also, the high deviation was observed in water quality parameters during 1990-2010 whereas the deviation of parameters is decreased in 2011-2016. It is observed from the piper diagram that magnesium and bicarbonate at Haridwar, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate in Bareilly, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi stations are dominant during monthly and seasonal periods. The fuzzy based WQI value indicate that water quality is excellent to poor at Haridwar, while poor to unsuitable in Bareilly, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi during monthly and seasonal periods. The water quality ranges from poor to unsuitable during the 1990-2010 period and good to very poor during the 2011-2016 period at Bareilly, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi stations. Whereas very good to good during 1990-2010 and excellent to good during 2011-2016 at Haridwar. It was also determined that water quality parameters (Ca, Na+K, SO4, Hardness, Cl and Mg) and WQI values were increased with length of the stream. It indicates that drain discharge, urban growth, urban functions, ecological footprints and crop area increment were key sources of pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidhyapith, Varanasi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- K. Banerjee Centre of Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Quoc Bao Pham
- Environmental Quality, Atmospheric Science and Climate Change Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Safwan Mohammed
- Institution of Land Utilization, Technology and Regional Planning, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Duong Tran Anh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Abstract
The Ganga basin includes some of the most densely populated areas in the world, in a region characterized by extremely high demographic and economic growth rates. Although anthropogenic pressure in this area is increasing, the pollution status of the Ganga is still poorly studied and understood. In the light of this, we have carried out a systematic literature review of the sources, levels and spatiotemporal distribution of organic pollutants in surface water and sediment of the Ganga basin, including for the first time emerging contaminants (ECs). We have identified 61 publications over the past thirty years, with data on a total of 271 organic compounds, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, and by-products, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). The most studied organic contaminants are pesticides, whereas knowledge of industrial compounds and PPCPs, among which some of the major ECs, is highly fragmentary. Most studies focus on the main channel of the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Gomti, and the deltaic region, while most of the Ganga's major tributaries, and the entire southern part of the catchment, have not been investigated. Hotspots of contamination coincide with major urban agglomerations, including Delhi, Kolkata, Kanpur, Varanasi, and Patna. Pesticides levels have decreased at most of the sites over recent decades, while potentially harmful concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds (OTCs), and some PPCPs have been detected in the last ten years. Considering the limited geographical coverage of sampling and number of analyzed compounds, this review highlights the need for a more careful selection of locations, compounds and environmental matrices, prioritizing PPCPs and catchment-scale, source-to-sink studies.
Collapse
|
57
|
Muduli PR, Kumar A, Kanuri VV, Mishra DR, Acharya P, Saha R, Biswas MK, Vidyarthi AK, Sudhakar A. Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2021; 18:1645-1652. [PMID: 33758592 PMCID: PMC7970803 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ganges River water quality was assessed to record the changes due to the nation-wide pandemic lockdown. Satellite-based (Sentinel-2) water quality analysis before and during lockdown was performed for seven selected locations spread across the entire stretch of the Ganges (Rishikesh-Dimond Harbour). Results revealed that due to the lockdown, the water quality of the Ganges improved with reference to specific water quality parameters, but the improvements were region specific. Along the entire stretch of Ganges, only the Haridwar site showed improvement to an extent of being potable as per the threshold set by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India. A 55% decline in turbidity at that site during the lockdown was attributed to the abrupt halt in pilgrimage activities. Absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter which is an indicator of organic pollution declined all along the Ganges stretch with a maximum decline at the downstream location of Diamond Harbour. Restricted discharge of industrial effluent, urban pollution, sewage from hotels, lodges, and spiritual dwellings along the Ganges are some of the reasons behind such declines. No significant change in the geographic trend of chlorophyll-a was observed. The findings of this study highlight the importance of regular monitoring of the changes in the Ganges water quality using Sentinel-2 data to further isolate the anthropogenic impact, as India continues the phase-wise opening amidst the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Muduli
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, 752030 India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - V. V. Kanuri
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - D. R. Mishra
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - P. Acharya
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, 752030 India
| | - R. Saha
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - M. K. Biswas
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - A. K. Vidyarthi
- Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Sudhakar
- Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Rani L, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, Srivastav AL, Kaushal J. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
|
59
|
Singh N, Mondal A, Bagri A, Tiwari E, Khandelwal N, Monikh FA, Darbha GK. Characteristics and spatial distribution of microplastics in the lower Ganga River water and sediment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111960. [PMID: 33453512 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although India is one of the major plastic-waste-generating countries, few studies have been conducted on microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems that are key contributors to oceans. The current study explores MPs in sediments and water that were collected at five major cities across the Ganga River. MPs number and mass density range in sediment were found to be 17 to 36 items/kg dry weight (d.w.) and 10 to 45 mg/kg d.w. of sediments, respectively, while in the water sample, they were 380 to 684 items/1000 m3 and 143 to 340 mg/1000 m3, respectively. Overall, white color and film-shaped MPs were the major contributors in all samples. MPs of 2.5-5 mm size contributed to a greater number and mass as compared to other fractions. Polyethylene was found to be a widely distributed plastic-type reflecting its high usability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Amarjeet Bagri
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Ekta Tiwari
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Haque MM, Niloy NM, Nayna OK, Fatema KJ, Quraishi SB, Park JH, Kim KW, Tareq SM. Variability of water quality and metal pollution index in the Ganges River, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42582-42599. [PMID: 32712940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Ganges River is one of the biggest transboundary streams in the Indian sub-continent. The significant part of this waterway channel drains one of the most densely populated areas on the planet so it is unequivocally influenced by human activities. Unprecedented high-temporal-resolution samples were collected for investigating the seasonal variability of water quality. Water quality index (WQI) reveals large seasonal variation among three major seasons and also indicates that the river water is not suitable for drinking and other household uses. The dominant water facies is bicarbonate (HCO3-). The water quality indices, %Na, Kelley's ratio (KR), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), reveal that the water is appropriate for irrigation. The permeability index (PI) indicated that the water is moderate to poorly useable for agricultural purposes. Heavy metals concentrations demonstrated significant seasonal variations with high concentrations during the monsoon due to flushing of pollutants from catchment areas by intense monsoonal precipitations. In addition, local activities such as oil spills from the boat, vehicle washing water, and agricultural runoff may also added pollutants. The single-factor pollution index (Ii) and Nemerow pollution index (Ni) exhibits minor pollution. The values of heavy metal pollution index (HPI) are far below than the critical limit (100) for the studied month, although relatively higher HPI values found for April, August, and November than other months might come from domestic wastes and agricultural activities. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) values of all the months indicated a low degree of pollution. Even though the river water pollution level is low, the authority should take proper management and monitoring strategy for sustainable use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Morshedul Haque
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Nahin Mostofa Niloy
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Omme K Nayna
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Konica J Fatema
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shamshad B Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ji-Hyung Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Prasad S, Saluja R, Joshi V, Garg JK. Heavy metal pollution in surface water of the Upper Ganga River, India: human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:742. [PMID: 33128645 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the risk on human health, heavy metal contamination was analysed from surface water in the Upper Ganga river, India. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr and Pb was evaluated at eight sites during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season of 2017. Average concentration of heavy metals was high, often exceeding the limits prescribed for surface water by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on heavy metal pollution index (HPI), 87% of the river stretch was classified as medium to highly polluted. Simultaneous assessment of the health risk employing chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) indicates that exposure through ingestion and dermal pathways currently poses no serious threat to human health (CDI < 1, HQ < 1). For the two population groups analysed, HQIngestion values for Cr (adults 0.51, child 0.55) and Pb (adult 0.31, child 0.34) were significantly higher as compared with other heavy metals. HIIngestion varied from 0.85 to 1.64 for adult and 0.92 to 1.77 for child group, indicating health risk to both groups with child group being more risk prone from either of the exposure pathways. In addition, HI values revealed an increased risk to health for both groups during the post-monsoon season. Higher hazard index (HI) values (> 1) in the Upper Ganga river indicate an ever-increasing non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed population within the riverine landscape. The study highlights the impact of heavy metals in degrading the water quality of the Upper Ganga river and also advocates immediate attention towards reducing human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Prasad
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Ridhi Saluja
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
- Wetlands International South Asia, A-25, Defence Colony, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Joshi
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - J K Garg
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India.
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lu H, Yu Y, Xi H, Wang C, Zhou Y. Bacterial response to formaldehyde in an MFC toxicity sensor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
63
|
Mitra T, Mahanty A, Ganguly S, Mohanty BP. Transcriptomic responses to pollution in natural riverine environment in Rita rita. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109508. [PMID: 32325295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution is one of the most common threats to the ecological health of aquatic ecosystems and its biota. Fish as lower vertebrates are excellent model to study the impact and responses of aquatic pollution. In fish, gill is the main organ indicator of whole animal health as it comes in contact with the surrounding water and absorbs many pollutants and contaminants; therefore, investigations on alterations in fish gill at transcriptome level could provide newer insights to the stress response mechanism(s) and pathways. For comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of pollutants (joint toxicity) prevalent in the riverine environment, comparative transcriptome analysis, by Next Generation Sequencing under Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, was carried out in gill tissues of Rita rita collected from two stretches of river Ganga (Kanpur and Farakka) and results were validated by RT-qPCR. Out of 154,077 unigenes (Accession SRR548008), a total of 2024 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 942 up-regulated and 1082 down-regulated genes were identified by DESeq program. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) of DEGs showed that ribosomal large subunit biogenesis, mitochondrial ribosome and box H/ACA SnoRNA binding categories are highly affected by pollution. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed the involvement of the DEGs in energy metabolism, translational and transcriptional machinery, protein folding and degradation suggesting that these signalling pathways are highly affected by aquatic pollution. Among the DEGs, up-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit (cox) 7a2 (69.47 fold), hsp70 subunit 14 (hsp70-14, 5.27 fold), muscle related coiled-coil protein (MURC, 21.55 fold), lysozyme G (40.14 fold), cox17 (29.36 fold) were the conspicuous ones which showed similar trends in expression when analysed by RT-qPCR. Based on fold change, perturbation values, correlation analysis by PCA and RT-qPCR validation, up-regulation of cox7a2, MURC and hsp70-14 appeared to be the most promising biomarker responses and could be useful in the evaluation of gill health and possibly be extended towards aquatic ecosystem health assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tandrima Mitra
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT-Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India; ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Crop Protection Division, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Satabdi Ganguly
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India
| | - Bimal Prasanna Mohanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Biochemistry Laboratory, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India; ICAR-Fisheries Science Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan II, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Kumar D, Malik DS, Kumar N, Gupta N, Gupta V. Spatial changes in water and heavy metal contamination in water and sediment of river Ganga in the river belt Haridwar to Kanpur. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2059-2079. [PMID: 31786716 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite heavy investments and a number of government schemes, deterioration in water quality of river Ganga and its tributaries is an issue of serious concern. Among all the cities, thriving on Ganga, Kanpur is considered to add maximum pollution in the river. In the present study, water samples were collected seasonally from nine selected sites within the middle stretch of river Ganga from Haridwar to Kanpur. The velocity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed during winter (November-January), summer (March-June) and monsoon (July-September) season from November 2016 to September 2017 along with heavy metal analysis of water and sediment samples of the winter season. The levels of Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Water quality was evaluated by water quality index (WQI) using BIS and WHO standards. The WQI values showed good water quality at Haridwar site (< 100) while it was very poor at other sites and Kanpur (> 100) which renders it highly unfit for human consumption and survival of some fish species because of low DO value (4.65 ± 1.08 mg L-1) and high values of pH (8.82 ± 0.10), alkalinity (187.88 ± 8.88 mg L-1), BOD (66.64 ± 2.19 mg L-1) and COD (240.00 ± 17.33 mg L-1). WQI showed highly unsuitable water quality at all sites except control site, of which S9 (Siddhanath Ghat) was highly polluted. Lead concentration was higher at Kannauj sites while high Cr was observed at Siddhanath Ghat (S9), Kanpur. The examined metals, such as Cr, Cu, and Pb, were far above the prescribed limits of various standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - D S Malik
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Han B. Associations between perceived environmental pollution and health-related quality of life in a Chinese adult population. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:198. [PMID: 32576182 PMCID: PMC7310336 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are being used in increasingly diverse populations. However, there have no known studies to date to examine the associations between perceived environmental pollution and HRQoL in a Chinese population. This study aimed to report the associations between air, water, noise pollution and HRQoL among Chinese adult population. METHODS A cross-sectional survey data was used from East Asian Social Survey 2010 with a sample of 3866 Chinese populations regarding environmental pollution. HRQoL was computed by SF-12 and reflected by physical and mental component summary score (PCS & MCS). Ordinary least regression analyses were used to examine associations between perceived environmental pollution and PCS and MCS scores. Models in SPSS PROCESS were selected to demonstrate the moderating and mediating effects. RESULTS Only considering one pollutant, perceived air pollution and perceived water pollution had significant associations with PCS and MCS scores. Perceived noise pollution had significant associations with PCS scores. Perceived air×noise, air×water, noise×water, and air×noise×water pollution had significant associations with PCS and MCS scores. Conditional (moderated) mediation showed that there were no moderating effects and mediating effects of perceived one pollutant on another pollutant. CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring perceived environmental pollution were mainly associated with progressive increase in PCS and MCS scores among the Chinese adult population. These results suggested that some effective policies should be carried out to improve environmental quality in Chinese adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Han
- International Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,Family Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,Xuchang Urban Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China. .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Dwivedi S, Chauhan PS, Mishra S, Kumar A, Singh PK, Kamthan M, Chauhan R, Awasthi S, Yadav S, Mishra A, Mallick S, Ojha SK, Tewari SK, Tripathi RD, Nautiyal CS. Self-cleansing properties of Ganga during mass ritualistic bathing on Maha-Kumbh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:221. [PMID: 32146574 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of water quality of river Ganga is a huge concern for Govt. of India. Apart from various pollution sources, the religious and ritualistic activities also have a good share in deteriorating Ganga water quality. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in physico-chemical properties, microbial diversity and role of bacteriophages in controlling bacterial population of Ganga water during mass ritualistic bathing on the occasion of Maha-Kumbh in 2013. The BOD, COD, hardness, TDS and level of various ions significantly increased, while DO decreased in Ganga water during Maha-Kumbh. Ganga water was more affluent in trace elements than Yamuna and their levels further increased during Maha-Kumbh, which was correlated with decreased level of trace elements in the sediment. The bacterial diversity and evenness were increased and correlated with the number of devotees taking a dip at various events. Despite enormous increase in bacterial diversity during mass ritualistic bathing, the core bacterial species found in pre-Kumbh Ganga water were present in all the samples taken during Kumbh and post-Kumbh. In addition, the alteration in bacterial population during mass bathing was well under 2 log units which can be considered negligible. The study of bacteriophages at different bathing events revealed that Ganga was richer with the presence of bacteriophages in comparison with Yamuna against seven common bacteria found during the Maha-Kumbh. These bacteriophages have played a role in controlling bacterial growth and thus preventing putrefaction of Ganga water. Further, the abundance of trace elements in Ganga water might also be a reason for suppression of bacterial growth. Thus, the current study showed that Ganga has characteristic water quality in terms of physico-chemical property and microbial diversity that might have a role in the reported self-cleansing property of Ganga; however, the increased pollution load has surpassed its self-cleansing properties. Since water has been celebrated in all cultures, the outcome of the current study will not only be useful for the policy maker of cleaning and conservation of Ganga but also for restoration of other polluted rivers all over the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Dwivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Environmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute Toxicological Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Reshu Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Surabhi Awasthi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Sumit Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Ojha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Sri Krishna Tewari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Nautiyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.
- Doon University, Mothrowala Road, Kedarpur, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Verma K, Pandey J, Siddiqui E. Heavy Metal Pollution in the Ganga River Enhances Carbon Storage Relative to Flux. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:41-48. [PMID: 31786634 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationships between metal pollution and carbon production at six sites along a 285 km length of the Ganga River. Metal contaminated sites did show a significant reduction in microbial biomass, substrate induced respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic assay (FDAase) and β-D-glucosidase. Concordantly, despite a high concentration of total organic carbon at these sites, CO2 emission at the land-water interface remained low. We found a strong positive correlation between CO2 emission and TOC (r = 0.92; p < 0.001). However, this relationship weakens when the sum of total heavy metal (∑THM) exceed 400 µg g-1. Also, CO2 emission did show a positive correlation (r = 0.85; p < 0.001) with FDAase. The study shows that metal accumulation in riverbed sediment could potentially lead to better carbon sequestration on account of reduced microbial/enzyme activities. This carries significance for riverine carbon budget and modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Ekabal Siddiqui
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Sundriyal S, Shukla T, Tripathee L, Dobhal DP. Natural versus anthropogenic influence on trace elemental concentration in precipitation at Dokriani Glacier, central Himalaya, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3462-3472. [PMID: 31845255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutant transport and deposition at the Himalaya affects the climate, cryosphere, and monsoon patterns and impose an adverse impact over the Himalayan ecosystem. At present, the data on trace elements (TEs) concentrations and dynamics over the high-altitude Himalayan region are scarce and has received less attention. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the TEs concentration and depositional pattern at Dokriani Glacier, central Himalaya to understand their levels, dynamics, and potential effects. A total of 39 samples were collected from two snowpit stratigraphies, deposited during non-monsoon period and monsoonal precipitation between 4530 to 4630 m a.s.l. altitude in the year 2017. The results of analyzed trace metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) showed high enrichment values for Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Mn compared to other parts of the Himalayan region, suggesting the influence of anthropogenic emissions (e.g., fossil fuel, metal production, and industrial processes) from urbanized areas of South Asia. Our results also revealed the possible health effects related to the enrichment of Zn and Cd, which may be responsible for skin-related diseases in Uttarakhand region. We attribute increasing anthropogenic activities in the environment to have a significant impact on the ecosystem health of the central Himalayan region. This study provides the baseline information on TEs concentration and sources in the Himalayas, which needs wide dissemination to scientific community as well as policymakers. Therefore, systematic observations, management, and preparing action plan to overcome the health effects from TEs pollution are urgently needed over the remote, pristine Himalayan region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipika Sundriyal
- Environmental and Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Tanuj Shukla
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Regeneration Potential of Bentonite-Based Paintosorp™ for Removal of Industrial Dye. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
70
|
Jaiswal D, Pandey J. An ecological response index for simultaneous prediction of eutrophication and metal pollution in large rivers. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:423-438. [PMID: 31226540 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecological responses of riverine ecosystems are strongly influenced by anthropogenic perturbations. However, high-resolution quantitative shifts in the 'ecosystem responses' to multiple human pressures in riverine ecosystems are not well understood. Given that, in most of the anthropogenically impacted rivers, eutrophy and metal pollution occur simultaneously, we explored FDAase activity, microbial quotient, and a sum of six heavy metals in an empirical relationship to develop an 'ecological response index' (ERI). The FDAase, a measure of fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity, and microbial quotient, the proportion of microbial biomass-C to the total organic carbon (Cmic/TOC) were used to address 'ecosystem responses' to C-eutrophy and metal pollution. We analyzed 1404 water samples and 2808 sediment samples collected from the land-water interface (LWI) and riverbed sediment (50 m reach) of 24 sites along a 528 km main stem and from 30 sites downstream two point sources of the Ganga River. The index was compare to Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) to quantify eutrophy and Håkanson's risk index (RI) and modified ecological risk index (MRI) for metal pollution. The ERI showed strong correlation with TSI (R2 = 0.70-0.97; p < 0.001), RI (R2 = 0.76-0.94; p < 0.001) and MRI (R2 = 0.76-0.96; p < 0.001). The ERI developed here is the first 'response index' against multiple human pressures, able to quantitatively predict C-eutrophication and metal pollution simultaneously in large rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jaiswal
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Siddiqui E, Verma K, Pandey U, Pandey J. Metal Contamination in Seven Tributaries of the Ganga River and Assessment of Human Health Risk from Fish Consumption. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:263-278. [PMID: 31127395 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd in water, sediment, and two dietary fish (an omnivore, Labeo rohita and a benthic carnivore, Clarias batrachus) and potential health risk to human consumers during summer low flow (2017-2018) at 28 sites across 7 tributary confluences of the Ganga River. We selected Devprayag, an upper reach site, as a reference for data comparison. We found significant spatial variations in the distribution of study metals and the concentrations remained higher in tributaries, confluences, and downstream cities. The pollution load index showed all sites except Devprayag in the polluted category. Ecological risk analysis indicated 1 site with very high risk, 7 with considerable risk, and 10 with moderate-risk category. The Zn did appear the most, and Cd the least accumulated metal in the fish. The metal accumulation was higher in C. batrachus. The levels of Cd, Cr, and Pb in the study fishes were higher compared with the international standards. The health risk analysis indicated safe levels for individual metals except for Cd where the target hazard quotient (THQ) did exceed 1 for C. batrachus at the Ramganga and Varuna confluences. When all metals were considered, the THQ was > 1 (> 2 for C. batrachus), indicating the full possibility of adverse health effects to human consumers. Our study highlights the importance of tributaries in creating a mosaic of metal-rich habitats in the Ganga River and food chain associated with a health risk to human consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekabal Siddiqui
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kavita Verma
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Jaiswal D, Pandey J. Investigations on peculiarities of land-water interface and its use as a stable testbed for accurately predicting changes in ecosystem responses to human perturbations: A sub-watershed scale study with the Ganga River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:178-193. [PMID: 30851556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In lotic systems, the hydrologic forcing together with structural and functional complexities make it difficult to predict how the river ecosystem will respond to human perturbations. We conducted two sets of studies selecting two segments; a 518 km main river stem, and two point source trajectories at the Ganga River during summer low flow of three consecutive years (2016-2018). The objective was to test if the land-water interface (LWI) of the river serves as a stable testbed for predicting human control on water quality and ecosystem responses. Samples were collected from LWI and complementary locations (50 m reach) from 8 selected sites of the main stem and 15 equidistant locations downstream each point source. Concentrations of carbon, nutrients and heavy metals at LWI varied in concordance with their concentrations in river water and riverbed sediment. Also, the microbial biomass (C, N, and P), activities and extracellular enzymes at LWI showed synchrony with their respective counterparts in riverbed sediment. We found strong positive correlations (p < 0.05-0.001) between these variables at LWI and their counterparts in water/riverbed sediment along the main stem and point source downstream. Our study establishes the credential of LWI for more accurately predicting changes in ecosystem responses to human perturbations. The study will facilitate accurate upscaling intercomparability across varied environmental control on the headwater streams-to-estuaries continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jaiswal
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Chaudhary M, Walker TR. River Ganga pollution: Causes and failed management plans (correspondence on Dwivedi et al. 2018. Ganga water pollution: A potential health threat to inhabitants of Ganga basin. Environment International 117, 327-338). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:202-206. [PMID: 30802637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Chaudhary
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhang L, Guan L, Lu Z, Li M, Wu J, Cao R, Tian J. Barrier-free patterned paper sensors for multiplexed heavy metal detection. Talanta 2019; 196:408-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
75
|
Jaiswal D, Pandey J. Anthropogenically enhanced sediment oxygen demand creates mosaic of oxygen deficient zones in the Ganga River: Implications for river health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:709-720. [PMID: 30658307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a major role in sustaining aquatic communities; its concentration and regulatory determinants are considered a key node predicting eutrophy, ecosystem health, and biogeochemical feedbacks. Here we report the status of dissolved oxygen deficit (DOD; hypoxia), and its mechanistic links with sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in the Ganga River. We conducted two independent but interlinked studies during summer low flows of three consecutive years (2016-2018) considering: 1) a 518 km middle segment of the Ganga River between Kanpur upstream and Varanasi downstream; and 2) trajectory analyses downstream two point sources, one flushing industrial effluents (Wazidpur drain) and the other with urban sewage (Assi drain). The concentration of DO at sediment-water interface (DOsw) did appear < 2.0 mg L-1 (hypoxia) at Jjmu; and up to 600 m and 800 m downstream Assi and Wazidpur drain respectively. The DOD at sediment-water interface (DODsw) was highest at Jjmu and did not show a significant decrease up to 300 m downstream to point sources. The SOD which varied between 2.03 and 13.16 (main river stem); 4.39 and 16.81 (Wazidpur drain); and between 2.00 and 13.50 g O2 m-2 d-1 (Assi drain), was found to be a major contributor of DOD. Principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) separated DO and alkaline phosphatase (AP) opposite to oxygen-consuming processes and sediment-P release. Using a dynamic fit model, we tested the dependence of sediment-P release on DOsw and DODsw. A large increase in the sediment-P release with increasing DODsw and decreasing DOsw indicated that the system may compromise its resilience in long-term future in terms of self-fertilization and P-eutrophy if the similar magnitude of anthropogenic pressure is continued. The study advances our understanding towards DOD associated habitat fragmentation, ecosystem resilience and niche opportunities useful for recovery and management of the Ganga River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jaiswal
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Siddiqui E, Pandey J. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and surface sediment and evaluation of ecological risks associated with sediment contamination in the Ganga River: a basin-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10926-10940. [PMID: 30783925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated eight heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe) in water and bed sediment at 9 study sites along with 2320 km stretch of the Ganga River. Principal component analysis (PCA) and indices such as geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), pollution indices, and sediment quality guidelines were used to assess source apportionment and magnitude of contamination. Concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Fe in water have exceeded their respective standards in the middle and lower reaches of the river. Sediment Cr and Ni have reached probable effective concentration (PEC) at Kannauj, imposing likely threats to sediment dwellers. Highest Igeo values were recorded for Cr, Cd, and Pb at Kannauj, Rajghat, and Howrah. We further tested ecological risks (Er) and potential ecological risks (PERI) to assess individual and cumulative effects and found the Kannauj, Rajghat, and Howrah sites under the high-risk category. The modified pollution index (MPI) and the modified degree of contamination (mCd) also revealed the middle and lower river reaches under moderately to the heavily polluted category. Our study provides the first detailed watershed-scale database on heavy metal concentration in water and bed sediment, the magnitude of contamination, and likely ecological risks to aquatic organisms in the Ganga River. Given that the Ganga water is used for drinking and irrigation and the river harbors a diversity of habitats for fisheries, the study merits attention from a human health perspective as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekabal Siddiqui
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chen XP, Zhang F, Guo YL. Validating an ion mobility spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry method for high-throughput pesticide screening. Analyst 2019; 144:4835-4840. [PMID: 31290495 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The utility of adding ion mobility (IM) to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) for highly effective analysis of multiple pesticides in complex matrices was evaluated. Based on an in-house IM-MS database, the identification was performed through the match of the protonated ion ([M + H]+) and the CCS value. Moreover, the structural confirmation was achieved by using the accurate masses of [M + H]+ with its fragment ions, and the reference CCS value. The method did not require chromatographic separation and the analysis time of each measurement cycle is 1.6 min. The "cleaned" IM-MS spectra afforded by the drift time filtration improved the reliability of structural confirmation. As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) of 92% of test pesticides under the APCI mode and 58% of test pesticides under the ESI mode spiked in scallion was not more than 20 ng mL-1. In the analysis of practical samples, the identification of pyrimethanil was confirmed in celery, and benalaxyl and tebuconazole were identified as false positives in scallion. The time-saving, extended-scope and high-throughput method described in this work is capable of determining multiple pesticide residues in complex matrices with high sensitivity for monitoring applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|