51
|
Qin SQ, Kusuma GD, Al-Sowayan B, Pace RA, Isenmann S, Pertile MD, Gronthos S, Abumaree MH, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Establishment and characterization of fetal and maternal mesenchymal stem/stromal cell lines from the human term placenta. Placenta 2016; 39:134-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
52
|
Moisan A, Favre I, Rome C, De Fraipont F, Grillon E, Coquery N, Mathieu H, Mayan V, Naegele B, Hommel M, Richard MJ, Barbier EL, Remy C, Detante O. Intravenous Injection of Clinical Grade Human MSCs After Experimental Stroke: Functional Benefit and Microvascular Effect. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:2157-2171. [PMID: 26924704 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults. Many current clinical trials use intravenous (IV) administration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This autologous graft requires a delay for ex vivo expansion of cells. We followed microvascular effects and mechanisms of action involved after an IV injection of human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) at a subacute phase of stroke. Rats underwent a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or a surgery without occlusion (sham) at day 0 (D0). At D8, rats received an IV injection of 3 million hBM-MSCs or PBS-glutamine. In a longitudinal behavioral follow-up, we showed delayed somatosensory and cognitive benefits 4 to 7 weeks after hBM-MSC injection. In a separate longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we observed an enhanced vascular density in the ischemic area 2 and 3 weeks after hBM-MSC injection. Histology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed an overexpression of angiogenic factors such as Ang1 and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1) at D16 in hBM-MSC-treated MCAo rats compared to PBS-treated MCAo rats. Altogether, delayed IV injection of hBM-MSCs provides functional benefits and increases cerebral angiogenesis in the stroke lesion via a release of endogenous angiogenic factors enhancing the stabilization of newborn vessels. Enhanced angiogenesis could therefore be a means of improving functional recovery after stroke.
Collapse
|
53
|
Savitz SI, Parsha K. Enhancing Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
54
|
Marlier Q, Verteneuil S, Vandenbosch R, Malgrange B. Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Stroke-Induced Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:458. [PMID: 26696816 PMCID: PMC4672088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke affects one in every six people worldwide, and is the leading cause of adult disability. After stroke, some limited spontaneous recovery occurs, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Multiple, parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. For years, clinical studies have tried to use exogenous cell therapy as a means of brain repair, with varying success. Since the rediscovery of adult neurogenesis and the identification of adult neural stem cells in the late nineties, one promising field of investigation is focused upon triggering and stimulating this self-repair system to replace the neurons lost following brain injury. For instance, it is has been demonstrated that the adult brain has the capacity to produce large numbers of new neurons in response to stroke. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of stroke-induced adult neurogenesis, from a cellular and molecular perspective, to its impact on brain repair and functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Marlier
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra-Arterial Infusion in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Dogs. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:8616143. [PMID: 26779265 PMCID: PMC4686726 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8616143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
could treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the
cells are in dogs. Twelve Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and
SHAM operated group. After three weeks, dogs in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were
intra-arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight
weeks after treatment, the necrotic volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in
MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was
decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the BrdU-positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral
heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of
BrdU-positive MSCs in necrotic region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Taken together, these data
indicated that intra-arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the necrotic field of femoral heads
and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that
intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
Collapse
|
56
|
Ottoboni L, De Feo D, Merlini A, Martino G. Commonalities in immune modulation between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs). Immunol Lett 2015; 168:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
57
|
Ishiguro M, Okada A, Asai K, Kojima K, Okada H. Stimulation of neuronal cells by culture supernatant of T lymphocytes triggered by anti-CD3 mAb followed by propagation in the presence of interleukin-2. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 60:47-55. [PMID: 26616436 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Performance status (PS) frequently improves occurs in cancer patients who have been infused with their own lymphokine-activated killer T cells (LAK-T). In the present study, a culture supernatant of LAK-T (LAK-T sup) administered to 8-week-old rats caused neurogenesis as evidenced by increased 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining of brain tissues. Intravenous injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a major cytokine in LAK-T sup, had a similar effect. Furthermore, LAK-T sup induced Ca(++) increase in rat hippocampal brain slices that was detected in neuronal cells by emission of Fluo-8 NW at 520 nm. The same effect was observed with an rGM-CSF solution. GM-CSF may activate neuronal cells by stimulating the glial cells that surround and attach to them. If so, GM-CSF and LAK-T sup may improve the motor neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The neurogenerative effect of GM-CSF in LAK-T sup may also help improve brain function in aged adults including those with dementia such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Ishiguro
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Alan Okada
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | | | - Hidechika Okada
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Doeppner TR, Herz J, Görgens A, Schlechter J, Ludwig AK, Radtke S, de Miroschedji K, Horn PA, Giebel B, Hermann DM. Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Stroke Neuroregeneration and Prevent Postischemic Immunosuppression. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1131-43. [PMID: 26339036 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the initial concepts of stem cell therapy aimed at replacing lost tissue, more recent evidence has suggested that stem and progenitor cells alike promote postischemic neurological recovery by secreted factors that restore the injured brain's capacity to reshape. Specifically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells such as exosomes have recently been suggested to mediate restorative stem cell effects. In order to define whether EVs indeed improve postischemic neurological impairment and brain remodeling, we systematically compared the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) with MSCs that were i.v. delivered to mice on days 1, 3, and 5 (MSC-EVs) or on day 1 (MSCs) after focal cerebral ischemia in C57BL6 mice. For as long as 28 days after stroke, motor coordination deficits, histological brain injury, immune responses in the peripheral blood and brain, and cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis were analyzed. Improved neurological impairment and long-term neuroprotection associated with enhanced angioneurogenesis were noticed in stroke mice receiving EVs from two different bone marrow-derived MSC lineages. MSC-EV administration closely resembled responses to MSCs and persisted throughout the observation period. Although cerebral immune cell infiltration was not affected by MSC-EVs, postischemic immunosuppression (i.e., B-cell, natural killer cell, and T-cell lymphopenia) was attenuated in the peripheral blood at 6 days after ischemia, providing an appropriate external milieu for successful brain remodeling. Because MSC-EVs have recently been shown to be apparently safe in humans, the present study provides clinically relevant evidence warranting rapid proof-of-concept studies in stroke patients. SIGNIFICANCE Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers an interesting adjuvant approach next to thrombolysis for treatment of ischemic stroke. However, MSCs are not integrated into residing neural networks but act indirectly, inducing neuroprotection and promoting neuroregeneration. Although the mechanisms by which MSCs act are still elusive, recent evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be responsible for MSC-induced effects under physiological and pathological conditions. The present study has demonstrated that EVs are not inferior to MSCs in a rodent stroke model. EVs induce long-term neuroprotection, promote neuroregeneration and neurological recovery, and modulate peripheral post-stroke immune responses. Also, because EVs are well-tolerated in humans, as previously reported, the administration of EVs under clinical settings might set the path for a novel and innovative therapeutic stroke concept without the putative side effects attached to stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Schlechter
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kyra de Miroschedji
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Park HW, Moon HE, Kim HSR, Paek SL, Kim Y, Chang JW, Yang YS, Kim K, Oh W, Hwang JH, Kim JW, Kim DG, Paek SH. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve functional recovery through thrombospondin1, pantraxin3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic rat brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1814-25. [PMID: 26332684 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a potential therapeutic method for cerebral ischemia, which remains a serious problem. In the search for more effective therapeutic methods, many kinds of stem cells from various tissues have been developed and tested as candidate therapeutic agents. Among them, human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for cell therapy because of their genetic flexibility. To confirm that they are effective and understand how they affect ischemic neural cells, hUCB-MSCs were directly administered ipsilaterally into an ischemic zone induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that the neurobehavioral performance of the hUCB-MSC group was significantly improved compared with that of the vehicle-injected control group. The infarct was also remarkably smaller in the hUCB-MSC group. Additionally, hUCB-MSC transplantation resulted in a greater number of newly generated cells and angiogenic and tissue repair factors and a lower number of inflammatory events in the penumbra zone. To determine why these events occurred, hUCB-MSCs were assayed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions in vitro. The results showed that hUCB-MSCs exhibit higher expression levels of thrombospondin1, pantraxin3, and vascular endothelial growth factor under hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. These results were found to be correlated with our in vivo immunofluorescent staining results. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that hUCB-MSCs may have a beneficial effect on cerebral ischemia, especially through angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects, and thus could be used as a therapeutic agent to treat neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Soo R Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Leal Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Medipost Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - KwanWoo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Medipost Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lapi D, Vagnani S, Sapio D, Mastantuono T, Boscia F, Pignataro G, Penna C, Pagliaro P, Colantuoni A. Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on rat pial microvascular remodeling after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:329. [PMID: 26379500 PMCID: PMC4548191 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the pial microcirculation remodeling improves neurological outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), accompanied by higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), modulating in vivo angiogenesis. This study was aimed to assess the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) infused after MCAO on rat pial microcirculation. Animals were subjected to 2 h MCAO followed by BM-MSCs infusion into internal carotid artery. Pial microcirculation was observed at different reperfusion times by fluorescence microscopy. Geometric characteristics of arteriolar networks, permeability increase, leukocyte adhesion, perfused capillary density, VEGF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) expression were evaluated. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-BM-MSCs were used to evaluate their distribution and cell phenotype development during reperfusion. BM-MSCs stimulated a geometric rearrangement of pial networks with formation of new anastomotic vessels sprouting from preexistent arterioles in the penumbra at 7-14-28 days of reperfusion. At the same time VEGF and eNOS expression increased. GFP-BM-MSCs appear to be involved in endothelial and smooth muscle cell programming in the infarcted area. In conclusion, transient MCAO induced pial vascular remodeling characterized by arteriolar anastomotic arcades (originated from preexistent arterioles in penumbra area) able to overlap the ischemic core supplying blood to the neuronal tissue. BM-MSCs appear to accelerate angiogenic processes facilitating new vessel formation; this mechanism was promoted by an increase in VEGF and eNOS expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vagnani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Mastantuono
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino Orbassano, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Colpo GD, Ascoli BM, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Pfaffenseller B, Silva EG, Cirne-Lima EO, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F, Rosa AR. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:1435-49. [PMID: 26247151 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into all lineages of mesodermal origin, e.g., cartilage, bone, and adipocytes. MSCs have been identified at different stages of development, including adulthood, and in different tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord. Recent studies have shown that MSCs have the ability to migrate to injured sites. In this regard, an important characteristic of MSCs is their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. For instance, there is evidence that MSCs can regulate the immune system by inhibiting proliferation of T and B cells. Clinical interest in the use of MSCs has increased considerably over the past few years, especially because of the ideal characteristics of these cells for regenerative medicine. Therapies with MSCs have shown promising results neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to regulating inflammation, they can promote other beneficial effects, such as neuronal growth, decrease free radicals, and reduce apoptosis. Notwithstanding, despite the vast amount of research into MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanism of action of MSCs are still not completely clarified, hindering the development of effective treatments. Conversely, studies in models of psychiatric disorders are scarce, despite the promising results of MSCs therapies in this field as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D Colpo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Bruna M Ascoli
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Emily G Silva
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Elizabeth O Cirne-Lima
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - João Quevedo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lee SH, Jin KS, Bang OY, Kim BJ, Park SJ, Lee NH, Yoo KH, Koo HH, Sung KW. Differential Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ischemic Regions after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134920. [PMID: 26241653 PMCID: PMC4524688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the optimal timing of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation following stroke, rats were transplanted with MSCs at 1 (D1), 4 (D4), and 7 days (D7) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats in the D1 group showed a better functional recovery than those in the D4 or D7 groups after MCAo. MSCs preferentially migrated to the cortex in the D1 group, while the MSCs in the D4 or D7 groups preferentially migrated to the striatum. Interestingly, the level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the cortex was highest at 1 day after MCAo, while the level of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the striatum was lowest at 1 day after MCAo and then increased over time. The pattern of MCP-1 and SDF-1 level changes according to the time after MCAo was consistent with in vivo and in vitro migration patterns of MSCs. The results suggest that an earlier MSC transplantation is associated with a better functional recovery after stroke, which could be explained by the preferential migration of MSCs to the cortex in the early transplantation group. The time-dependent differential expression of MCP-1 and SDF-1 between ischemic regions seemed to mediate the differential migration of MSCs. Highest level of MCP-1 at one day of stroke may induce preferential migration of MSCs to the cortex, then better functional improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sil Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Algeri M, Conforti A, Pitisci A, Starc N, Tomao L, Bernardo ME, Locatelli F. Mesenchymal stromal cells and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:191-200. [PMID: 26170204 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental findings have shown the ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to home to damaged tissues and to produce paracrine factors with anti-inflammatory properties, potentially resulting in reduction of inflammation and functional recovery of the damaged tissues. Prompted by these intriguing properties and on the basis of encouraging preclinical data, MSCs are currently being studied in several immune-mediated disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a setting in which MSCs-based therapy has been extensively investigated. Phase I and II studies have documented the safety and feasibility of MSCs. However, efficacy results have so far been conflicting. In this review, we will discuss the biologic rationale that makes MSCs a promising therapeutic tool for IBD, and analyze recent experimental and clinical findings, highlighting current limitations and future perspectives of MSCs-related immunotherapy for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pitisci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - N Starc
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Tomao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M E Bernardo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lei J, Firdaus W, Rosenzweig JM, Alrebh S, Bakhshwin A, Borbiev T, Fatemi A, Blakemore K, Johnston MV, Burd I. Murine model: maternal administration of stem cells for prevention of prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:639.e1-10. [PMID: 25555657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, we have demonstrated that exposure to inflammation induces preterm birth and perinatal brain injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in many inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that treatment with human adipose tissue-derived MSCs may decrease the rate of preterm birth and perinatal brain injury through changes in antiinflammatory and regulatory milieu. STUDY DESIGN A mouse model of intrauterine inflammation was used with the following groups: (1) control; (2) intrauterine inflammation (lipopolysaccharide); and (3) intrauterine lipopolysaccharide+intraperitoneal (MSCs). Preterm birth was investigated. Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for protein levels of cytokines in maternal and fetal compartments. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify and localize MSCs and to examine microglial morphologic condition and neurotoxicity in perinatal brain. Behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 5. RESULTS Pretreatment with MSCs significantly decreased the rate of preterm birth by 21% compared with the lipopolysaccharide group (P<.01). Pretreatment was associated with increased interleukin-10 in maternal serum, increased interleukin-4 in placenta, decreased interleukin-6 in fetal brain (P<.05), decreased microglial activation (P<.05), and decreased fetal neurotoxicity (P<.05). These findings were associated with improved neurobehavioral testing at postnatal day 5 (P<.05). Injected MSCs were localized to placenta. CONCLUSION Maternally administered MSCs appear to modulate maternal and fetal immune response to intrauterine inflammation in the model and decrease preterm birth, perinatal brain injury, and motor deficits in offspring mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wance Firdaus
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jason M Rosenzweig
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shorouq Alrebh
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ahmed Bakhshwin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Talaibek Borbiev
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karin Blakemore
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhang X, Wang G, Dong F, Wang Z. Application of magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring stem cell transplantation for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1264-71. [PMID: 25709625 PMCID: PMC4336962 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.16.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in the application of MRI for monitoring stem cell transplantation using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies relating to the application of MRI for detecting stem cell transplantation for the treatment of cerebral ischemia using papers in Web of Science published from 2002 to 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA: The inclusion criteria were: (a) peer-reviewed articles on the application of MRI for detecting transplanted stem cells published and indexed in Web of Science; (b) year of publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria were: (a) articles that required manual searching or telephone access; (b) some corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Annual publication output; (2) distribution according to journals; (3) distribution according to institution; (4) distribution according to country; (5) top cited authors over the last 10 years. RESULTS: A total of 1 498 studies related to the application of MRI for monitoring stem cell transplantation appeared in Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, almost half of which were derived from American authors and institutes. The number of studies on the application of MRI for detecting stem cell transplantation has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers on this topic appeared in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that few experimental studies have been investigated the use of MRI for tracking SPIO-labeled human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells during the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Furen Dong
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Goodarzi P, Aghayan HR, Larijani B, Soleimani M, Dehpour AR, Sahebjam M, Ghaderi F, Arjmand B. Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:168. [PMID: 26000262 PMCID: PMC4431356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative brain disorder which is around 1.5 times more common in men than in women. Currently, drug medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes are common approaches to PD, while all of them focused on reducing the symptoms. Therefore, regenerative medicine based on stem cell (SC) therapies has raised a promising hope. Various types of SCs have been used in basic and experimental studies relevant to PD, including embryonic pluripotential stem cells, mesenchymal (MSCs) and induced pluripotent SCs (iPSCs). MSCs have several advantages over other counterparts. They are easily accessible which can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, etc. with avoiding ethical problems. Therefore, MSCs is attractive clinically because there are no related ethical and immunological concerns . Further studies are needed to answer some crucial questions about the different issues in SC therapy. Accordingly, SC-based therapy for PD also needed more complementary evaluation in both basic and clinical study areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- MSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- MD, PhD, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- MD, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center , Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- PhD, Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- PhD, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Sahebjam
- BSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Ghaderi
- BSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Arjmand
- MD, PhD, GMP-Compliant Stem Cell Facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chung TN, Kim JH, Choi BY, Chung SP, Kwon SW, Suh SW. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuronal death after transient global cerebral ischemia through prevention of blood-brain barrier disruption and endothelial damage. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:178-85. [PMID: 25548390 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is the leading cause of a poor prognosis even after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Therapeutic induction of hypothermia (TH) is the only proven therapy-and current standard care-for GCI after cardiac arrest; however, its application has been significantly limited owing to technical difficulties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to suppress neuronal death after cerebral ischemia. The prevention of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has not been suggested as a mechanism of MSC treatment but has for TH. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSC administration on BBB disruption and neutrophil infiltration after GCI. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of MSC treatment, rats were subjected to 7 minutes of transient GCI and treated with MSCs immediately after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal death was evaluated at 7 days after ischemia using Fluoro-Jade B (FJB). BBB disruption, endothelial damage, and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated at 7 days after ischemia by immunostaining for IgG leakage, Rat endothelial antigen-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Rats treated with MSCs showed a significantly reduced FJB+ neuron count compared with the control group. They also showed reduced IgG leakage, endothelial damage, and MPO+ cell counts. The present study demonstrated that administration of MSCs after transient GCI provides a dramatic protective effect against hippocampal neuronal death. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effects of MSC treatment might be associated with the prevention of BBB disruption and endothelial damage and a decrease in neutrophil infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Nyoung Chung
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Chung
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Skårn M, Noordhuis P, Wang MY, Veuger M, Kresse SH, Egeland EV, Micci F, Namløs HM, Håkelien AM, Olafsrud SM, Lorenz S, Haraldsen G, Kvalheim G, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O. Generation and characterization of an immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cell line. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2377-89. [PMID: 24857590 PMCID: PMC4172386 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) show great potential for clinical and experimental use due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. However, disadvantages of primary cultures of hMSCs are the limited in vitro lifespan, and the variable properties of cells from different donors and over time in culture. In this article, we describe the generation of a telomerase-immortalized nontumorigenic human bone marrow-derived stromal mesenchymal cell line, and its detailed characterization after long-term culturing (up to 155 population doublings). The resulting cell line, iMSC#3, maintained a fibroblast-like phenotype comparable to early passages of primary hMSCs, and showed no major differences from hMSCs regarding surface marker expression. Furthermore, iMSC#3 had a normal karyotype, and high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization confirmed normal copy numbers. The gene expression profiles of immortalized and primary hMSCs were also similar, whereas the corresponding DNA methylation profiles were more diverse. The cells also had proliferation characteristics comparable to primary hMSCs and maintained the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. A detailed characterization of the mRNA and microRNA transcriptomes during adipocyte differentiation also showed that the iMSC#3 recapitulates this process at the molecular level. In summary, the immortalized mesenchymal cells represent a valuable model system that can be used for studies of candidate genes and their role in differentiation or oncogenic transformation, and basic studies of mesenchymal biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magne Skårn
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Noordhuis
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjan Veuger
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Henrichson Kresse
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Valen Egeland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Maria Namløs
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Mari Håkelien
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Andrés Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Stem cell therapy for acute cerebral injury: what do we know and what will the future bring? Curr Opin Neurol 2014; 26:617-25. [PMID: 24136128 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The central nervous system has limited capacity for regeneration after acute and chronic injury. An attractive approach to stimulate neural plasticity in the brain is to transplant stem cells in order to restore function. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms of action, current knowledge and future perspectives of clinical stem cell research for stroke and traumatic brain injury. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical data using various models suggest stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic avenue. Progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism of action of various cell types used, shifting the hypothesis from neural replacement to enhancing endogenous repair processes. Translation of these findings in clinical trials is currently being pursued with emphasis on both safety as well as efficacy. SUMMARY Clinical trials are currently recruiting patients in phase I and II trials to gain more insight in the therapeutic potential of stem cells in acute cerebral injury. A close interplay between results of these clinical trials and more extensive basic research is essential for future trial design, choosing the optimal transplantation strategy and selecting the right patients.
Collapse
|
70
|
Yang Z, Zhu L, Li F, Wang J, Wan H, Pan Y. Bone marrow stromal cells as a therapeutic treatment for ischemic stroke. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:524-34. [PMID: 24817388 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia remains the most frequent cause of death and quality-of-life impairments due to neurological deficits, and accounts for the majority of total healthcare costs. However, treatments for cerebral ischemia are limited. Over the last decade, bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) therapy has emerged as a particularly appealing option, as it is possible to help patients even when initiated days or even weeks after the ischemic insult. BMSCs are a class of multipotent, self-renewing cells that give rise to differentiated progeny when implanted into appropriate tissues. Therapeutic effects of BMSC treatment for ischemic stroke, including sensory and motor recovery, have been reported in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. In this article, we review the recent progress in BMSC-based therapy for ischemic stroke, focusing on the route of delivery and pre-processing of BMSCs. Selecting an optimal delivery route is of particular importance. The ideal approach, as well as the least risky, for translational applications still requires further identification. Appropriate preprocessing of BMSCs or combination therapy has the benefit of achieving the maximum possible restoration. Further pre-clinical studies are required to determine the time-window for transplantation and the appropriate dosage of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital and Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Guan YM, Zhu Y, Liu XC, Huang HL, Wang ZW, Liu B, Zhu YZ, Wang QS. Effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on neuronal metabolites in ischemic rabbits. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 24635873 PMCID: PMC3995438 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because there is little research on the effects of transplanted stem cells on neuronal metabolites in infarct areas, we transplanted human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into cerebral ischemic rabbits and examined the neuronal metabolites. Results Rabbits (n = 40) were equally divided into sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), hUCB-MSC, and saline groups. The rabbit ischemic model was established by MCAO. The effects of hUCB-MSC transplantation were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), neurological severity scores (NSSs), infarct area volume, neuronal density, and optical density (OD) of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive cells. We also evaluated complete blood cell counts(CBCs) and serum biochemical parameters. NSSs in the hUCB-MSC group at 7 and 14 days after reperfusion were lower than in MCAO and saline groups (p < 0.05). Compared with MCAO and saline groups at 2 weeks after MCAO, the infarction volume in the hUCB-MSC group had decreased remarkably (p < 0.05). Significant neuronal metabolic changes occurred in the infarct area at 24 h and 2 weeks after MCAO. 1H-MRS revealed an elevation in the lactate (Lac)/creatine including phosphocreatine (Cr) ratio and a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr and choline-containing phospholipids (Cho)/Cr ratios at 24 h after MCAO in the MCAO group (p < 0.01). Compared with saline and MCAO groups at 24 h and 2 weeks after MCAO, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios had increased significantly, whereas the Lac/Cr ratio had decreased significantly in the hUCB-MSC group (p < 0.01). Neuronal density and OD of MAP2-positive cells in the MCAO group were significantly lower than those in the sham group, whereas the neuronal density and OD of MAP2-positive cells in the hUCB-MSC group were higher than those in MCAO and saline groups (p < 0.05). CBCs and biochemical parameters were unchanged in the MCAO group at 24 h and 2 weeks after hUCB-MSC transplantation. Conclusions Transplanted hUCB-MSCs might ameliorate ischemic damage by influencing neuronal metabolites in the infarct area, providing additional evidence for neuroprotection by stem cells. No significant changes were observed in CBCs or serum biochemical parameters, suggesting that intravenous infusion of hUCB-MSCs is safe for rabbits in the short-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing-Song Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 105th Hospital of PLA, Clinic College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:468748. [PMID: 24719869 PMCID: PMC3955655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/468748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell-based approaches have attracted more attention from scientists and clinicians due to their possible therapeutical effect on stroke. Animal studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) might be due to cell replacement, neuroprotection, endogenous neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and modulation on inflammation and immune response. Although several clinical studies have shown the high efficiency and safety of stem cell in stroke management, mainly MSCs, some issues regarding to cell homing, survival, tracking, safety, and optimal cell transplantation protocol, such as cell dose and time window, should be addressed. Undoubtably, stem cell-based gene therapy represents a novel potential therapeutic strategy for stroke in future.
Collapse
|
73
|
Elman JS, Murray RM, Wang F, Shen K, Gao S, Conway KE, Yarmush ML, Tannous BA, Weissleder R, Parekkadan B. Pharmacokinetics of natural and engineered secreted factors delivered by mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89882. [PMID: 24587097 PMCID: PMC3931832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient cell therapy is an emerging drug class that requires new approaches for pharmacological monitoring during use. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a clinically-tested transient cell therapeutic that naturally secrete anti-inflammatory factors to attenuate immune-mediated diseases. MSCs were used as a proof-of-concept with the hypothesis that measuring the release of secreted factors after cell transplantation, rather than the biodistribution of the cells alone, would be an alternative monitoring tool to understand the exposure of a subject to MSCs. By comparing cellular engraftment and the associated serum concentration of secreted factors released from the graft, we observed clear differences between the pharmacokinetics of MSCs and their secreted factors. Exploration of the effects of natural or engineered secreted proteins, active cellular secretion pathways, and clearance mechanisms revealed novel aspects that affect the systemic exposure of the host to secreted factors from a cellular therapeutic. We assert that a combined consideration of cell delivery strategies and molecular pharmacokinetics can provide a more predictive model for outcomes of MSC transplantation and potentially other transient cell therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Elman
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Murray
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fangjing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin E. Conway
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kalladka D, Muir KW. Brain repair: cell therapy in stroke. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 7:31-44. [PMID: 24627643 PMCID: PMC3937183 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s38003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke affects one in every six people worldwide, and is the leading cause of adult disability. Some spontaneous recovery is usual but of limited extent, and the mechanisms of late recovery are not completely understood. Endogenous neurogenesis in humans is thought to contribute to repair, but its extent is unknown. Exogenous cell therapy is promising as a means of augmenting brain repair, with evidence in animal stroke models of cell migration, survival, and differentiation, enhanced endogenous angiogenesis and neurogenesis, immunomodulation, and the secretion of trophic factors by stem cells from a variety of sources, but the potential mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the animal models of stroke, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) improve functional recovery, and MSCs reduce the infarct volume when administered acutely, but the heterogeneity in the choice of assessment scales, publication bias, and the possible confounding effects of immunosuppressants make the comparison of effects across cell types difficult. The use of adult-derived cells avoids the ethical issues around embryonic cells but may have more restricted differentiation potential. The use of autologous cells avoids rejection risk, but the sources are restricted, and culture expansion may be necessary, delaying treatment. Allogeneic cells offer controlled cell numbers and immediate availability, which may have advantages for acute treatment. Early clinical trials of both NSCs and MSCs are ongoing, and clinical safety data are emerging from limited numbers of selected patients. Ongoing research to identify prognostic imaging markers may help to improve patient selection, and the novel imaging techniques may identify biomarkers of recovery and the mechanism of action for cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kalladka
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Guo L, Ge J, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhao RCH, Wu Y. Three-dimensional spheroid-cultured mesenchymal stem cells devoid of embolism attenuate brain stroke injury after intra-arterial injection. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:978-89. [PMID: 24341685 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair/regeneration is substantially dampened by the loss of primitive properties and poor engraftment to target organs. In this study, the multipotency and cell sizes of human MSCs, which had been expanded in monolayer culture for several passages, were dramatically restored after an episode of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture. Unlike MSCs derived from monolayer, which caused embolism and blindness, MSCs derived from 3D spheroids did not cause vascular obstructions, after intra-carotid artery infusion in rats. Importantly, intra-carotid infusion of 1 million 3D spheroid MSCs in rats 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion resulted in engraftment of the cells into the lesion and significant (over 70%) reduction of infarct size along with restoration of neurologic function. Moreover, the enhanced effect of spheroid MSCs was coincided with significantly increased differentiation of the MSCs into neurons and markedly increased number of endogenous glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive neural progenitors in the peri-infarct boundary zone. However, the similarly administered monolayer MSCs resulted in a modest functional improvement. Our results suggest that 3D MSCs, in combination with intra-carotid delivery, may represent a novel therapeutic approach of MSCs for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- 1 The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Yan K, Zhang R, Sun C, Chen L, Li P, Liu Y, Peng L, Sun H, Qin K, Chen F, Huang W, Chen Y, Lv B, Du M, Zou Y, Cai Y, Qin L, Tang Y, Jiang X. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells maintain the resting phenotype of microglia and inhibit microglial activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84116. [PMID: 24391898 PMCID: PMC3877190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that microglia in the activated state may be neurotoxic. It has been proven that uncontrolled or over-activated microglia play an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown in many animal models to have a therapeutic effect on neural damage. Such a therapeutic effect is attributed to the fact that BMSCs have the ability to differentiate into neurons and to produce trophic factors, but there is little information available in the literature concerning whether BMSCs play a therapeutic role by affecting microglial activity. In this study, we triggered an inflammatory response situation in vitro by stimulating microglia with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then culturing these microglia with BMSC-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM). We found that BMSC-CM significantly inhibited proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by activated microglia. Furthermore, we found that the phagocytic capacity of microglia was also inhibited by BMSC-CM. Finally, we investigated whether the induction of apoptosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) were involved in the inhibition of microglial activation. We found that BMSC-CM significantly induced apoptosis of microglia, while no apoptosis was apparent in the LPS-stimulated microglia. Our study also provides evidence that NO participates in the inhibitory effect of BMSCs. Our experimental results provide evidence that BMSCs have the ability to maintain the resting phenotype of microglia or to control microglial activation through their production of several factors, indicating that BMSCs could be a promising therapeutic tool for treatment of diseases associated with microglial activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yan
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run Zhang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Peng
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qin
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingke Lv
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mouxuan Du
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zou
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingsha Qin
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Abraham R, Verfaillie CM. Neural differentiation and support of neuroregeneration of non-neural adult stem cells. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2013. [PMID: 23186708 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59544-7.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural stem/progenitor cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells can generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, a number of other cell populations are also being considered for therapy of central nervous system disorders. Here, we describe the potential of (stem) cells from other postnatal tissues, including bone marrow, (umbilical cord) blood, fat tissue, or dental pulp, which themselves do not (robustly) generate neural progeny. However, these non-neuroectoderm derived cell populations appear to capable of inducing endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis. As these "trophic" effects are also, at least partly, responsible for some of the beneficial effects seen when NSC are grafted in the brain, these non-neuroectodermal cells may exert beneficial effects when used to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rojin Abraham
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Onderwijs & Navorsing V, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
|
79
|
|
80
|
Wu T, Lang J, Sun X, Zhang B, Liu Y, An R. Monitoring Bone Marrow Stem Cells with a Reporter Gene System in Experimental Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Models. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:984-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
81
|
Rosenberg JT, Sellgren KL, Sachi-Kocher A, Calixto Bejarano F, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Ma T, Grant SC. Magnetic resonance contrast and biological effects of intracellular superparamagnetic iron oxides on human mesenchymal stem cells with long-term culture and hypoxic exposure. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:307-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
82
|
Misra V, Ritchie MM, Stone LL, Low WC, Janardhan V. Stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke: role of IV and intra-arterial therapy. Neurology 2012; 79:S207-12. [PMID: 23008400 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826959d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell-based therapies are being investigated as an adjunct to IV thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the potential applications as well as challenges of intravascular cell delivery in ischemic stroke. METHOD We conducted a search of Medline as well as the clinicaltrials.gov Web site for all ongoing human clinical studies using stem cells in ischemic stroke patients. RESULT The pros and cons of the various donor cell types and routes of cell delivery, including intravascular delivery, in ischemic stroke are discussed. In addition, the potential challenges in translation from bench to bedside, the optimal techniques for intravascular cell delivery, and an updated comprehensive list of ongoing clinical trials in ischemic stroke are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke, in preclinical studies as well as initial pilot studies. Further studies are needed to assess intravascular cell therapy as a potential adjunct to thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Misra
- Texas Stroke Institute, HCA North Texas Division, Dallas-Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pellegrini L, Bennis Y, Guillet B, Velly L, Bruder N, Pisano P. [Cell therapy for stroke: from myth to reality]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2012; 169:291-306. [PMID: 23246427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only available therapy for acute ischemic stroke, but its use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window and cannot stimulate endogenous repair and regeneration of damaged brain tissue. Stem cell-based approaches hold much promise as potential novel treatments to restore neurological function after stroke. STATE OF THE ART In this review, we summarize data from preclinical and clinical studies to investigate the potential application of stem cell therapies for treatment of stroke. Stem cells have been proposed as a potential source of new cells to replace those lost due to central nervous system injury, as well as a source of trophic molecules to minimize damage and promote recovery. Various stem cells from multiple sources can generate neural cells that survive and form synaptic connections after transplantation in the stroke-injured brain. Stem cells also exhibit neurorevitalizing properties that may ameliorate neurological deficits through stimulation of neurogenesis, angiogenesis and inhibition of inflammation. PERSPECTIVES/CONCLUSION Performed in stroke, cell therapy would decrease brain damage and reduce functional deficits. After the damage has been done, it would still improve neurological functions by activating endogenous repair. Nevertheless, many questions raised by experimental studies particularly related to long-term safety and technical details of cell preparation and administration must be resolved before wider clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pellegrini
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation 1, CHU de la Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Tae-Hoon L, Yoon-Seok L. Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:333-9. [PMID: 22534809 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cell transplantation has been extensively studied as individual therapies for ischemic stroke. The present investigation is an initial effort to combine these methods to achieve increased therapeutic effects after brain ischemia. Cell transplantation may recover massive neuronal loss by replacing damaged brain cells. METHODS Undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells were used to induce differentiation in vitro into neuron-like cells with good cell viability for use a graft. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats using intra-luminal vascular occlusion, and infused mES cells after MCAO. The animals were examined behaviorally using motor and sensory test with neurological assessment. RESULTS Motor function of the recipients was gradually improved, whereas little improvement was observed in control rats. This result may suggest that the grafted cells have synaptic connection in the recipient brain. Our study revealed that stem cell transplantation can have a positive effect on behavioral recovery and reduction of infarct size in focal ischemic rats. Consequently after euthanasia, rats were histochemically investigated to explore graft survival with green fluorescent protein (GFP). CONCLUSION The mouse embryonic stem cells may have advantage for use as a donor source in various neurological disorders including motor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Tae-Hoon
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Peripheral blood is a large accessible source of adult stem cells for both basic research and clinical applications. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been reported to contain a multitude of distinct multipotent progenitor cell populations and possess the potential to differentiate into blood cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyogenic cells, smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, epithelial cells, neural cells, or myofibroblasts under appropriate conditions. Furthermore, transplantation of these PBMC-derived cells can regenerate tissues and restore function after injury. This mini-review summarizes the multi-differentiation potential of PBMCs reported in the past years, discusses the possible mechanisms for this multi-differentiation potential, and describes recent techniques for efficient PBMC isolation and purification.
Collapse
|
86
|
Abstract
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was first identified as a survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons, but additional studies provided evidences for a role as a trophic factor for other neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. GDNF regulates cellular activity through interaction with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface receptors, GDNF family receptor-α1, which might signal through the transmembrane Ret tyrosine receptors or the neural cell adhesion molecule, to promote cell survival, neurite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis. The neuroprotective effect of exogenous GDNF has been shown in different experimental models of focal and global brain ischemia, by local administration of the trophic factor, using viral vectors carrying the GDNF gene and by transplantation of GDNF-expressing cells. These different strategies and the mechanisms contributing to neuroprotection by GDNF are discussed in this review. Importantly, neuroprotection by GDNF was observed even when administered after the ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emília P Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Lu D, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu J, Liang Z, Deng W, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Li S, Ai Z, Zhong Y, Ying Y, Liu H, Gao F, Zhang Z, Chen B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) enhances engraftment and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic hindlimb ischemia. Diabetes 2012; 61:1153-9. [PMID: 22266669 PMCID: PMC3331776 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a key regulator linking angiogenesis and metabolism, could enhance the engraftment and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetic hindlimb ischemia, we engineered the overexpression of PGC-1α within MSCs using an adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein and PGC-1α, and then tested the survivability and angiogenesis of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Under the condition of hypoxia concomitant with serum deprivation, the overexpression of PGC-1α in MSCs resulted in a higher expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α), a greater ratio of B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and a lower level of caspase 3 compared with the controls, followed by an increased survival rate and an elevated expression level of several proangiogenic factors. In vivo, the MSCs modified with PGC-1α could significantly increase the blood perfusion and capillary density of ischemic hindlimb of the diabetic rats, which was correlated to an improved survivability of MSCs and an increased level of several proangiogenic factors secreted by MSCs. We identified for the first time that PGC-1α could enhance the engraftment and angiogenesis of MSCs in diabetic hindlimb ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Outpatient Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Municipal Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youzhao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guiyang First Municipal Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhihua Ai
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author: Bing Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Garbossa D, Boido M, Fontanella M, Fronda C, Ducati A, Vercelli A. Recent therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury treatment: possible role of stem cells. Neurosurg Rev 2012; 35:293-311; discussion 311. [PMID: 22539011 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-012-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in significant dysfunction and disability. A series of treatments have been proposed to prevent and overcome the formation of the glial scar and inhibitory factors to axon regrowth. In the last decade, cell therapy has emerged as a new tool for several diseases of the nervous system. Stem cells act as minipumps providing trophic and immunomodulatory factors to enhance axonal growth, to modulate the environment, and to reduce neuroinflammation. This capability can be boosted by genetical manipulation to deliver trophic molecules. Different types of stem cells have been tested, according to their properties and the therapeutic aims. They differ from each other for origin, developmental stage, stage of differentiation, and fate lineage. Related to this, stem cells differentiating into neurons could be used for cell replacement, even though the feasibility that stem cells after transplantation in the adult lesioned spinal cord can differentiate into neurons, integrate within neural circuits, and emit axons reaching the muscle is quite remote. The timing of cell therapy has been variable, and may be summarized in the acute and chronic phases of disease, when stem cells interact with a completely different environment. Even though further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action, the therapeutic, and the side effects of cell therapy, several clinical protocols have been tested or are under trial. Here, we report the state-of-the-art of cell therapy in SCI, in terms of feasibility, outcome, and side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Garbossa
- Department of Neurosurgery, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Neuroprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cells against ischemic neuronal damage in the rabbit spinal cord. J Neurol Sci 2012; 317:40-6. [PMID: 22475376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is one of the possible therapeutic tools for ischemic damage. In this study, we observed the effects of ASCs against ischemic damage in the ventral horn of L(5-6) levels in the rabbit spinal cord. ASCs were isolated from rabbits, and cell type was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, labeling with CM-DiI dye and differentiation into adipocytes in adipogenesis differentiation medium. ASCs were administered intrathecally into recipient rabbits (2 × 10⁵) immediately after reperfusion following a 15-min aortic artery occlusion in the subrenal region. Transplantation of ASCs significantly improved functions of the hindlimb and morphology of the ventral horn of spinal cord although CM-DiI-labeled ASCs were not observed in the spinal cord parenchyma. In addition, transplantation of ASCs significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels at 72h after ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that transplantation of ASCs prevents motor neurons from spinal ischemic damage and reactive gliosis by increasing neurotrophic factors such as BDNF in the spinal cord.
Collapse
|
90
|
Honmou O, Onodera R, Sasaki M, Waxman SG, Kocsis JD. Mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic outlook for stroke. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:292-7. [PMID: 22459358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display a spectrum of functional properties. Transplantation of these cells improves clinical outcome in models of cerebral ischemia and spinal cord injury via mechanisms that may include replacement of damaged cells, neuroprotective effects, induction of axonal sprouting, and neovascularization. Therapeutic effects have been reported in animal models of stroke after intravenous delivery of MSCs, including those derived from adult human bone marrow. Initial clinical studies on intravenously delivered MSCs have now been completed in human subjects with stroke. Here, we review the reparative and protective properties of transplanted MSCs in stroke models, describe initial human studies on intravenous MSC delivery in stroke, and provide a perspective on prospects for future progress with MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1st, West-16th, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
|
92
|
Abstract
Stem cells are considered as potential therapy for inflammatory disorders, tissue repair, and gene delivery, among others. The heterogeneity of a disease and the underlying disorder of a patient bring up the question on the method by which stem cells should be delivered. This summary discusses potential complex interactions among mediators at sites to tissue insults with stem cells. The chapter selects mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, although the discussion is relevant to all stem cells. The review examines how MSCs and their differentiated cells can develop cross communication with soluble factors and cells within the region of tissue damage. Inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, TNFα, and TGFβ are selected to explain how they can affect the responses of MSCs, while predisposing the stem cells to oncogenic event. By understanding the varied functions of MSCs, one will be able to intervene to form a balance in functions, ultimately to achieve safety and efficient application. Cytokines can affect the expression of pluripotent genes such as REST and Oct-4. REST is a critical gene in the decision of a cell to express or repress neural genes. Since cytokines can affect microRNAs, the review incorporates this family of molecules as mediators of cytokine effects. IFNγ, although an inflammatory mediator, is central to the expression of MHC-II on MSCs. Therefore, it is included to discuss its role in the transplantation of stem cells across allogeneic barrier. In summary, this chapter discusses several potential areas that need to be addressed for safe and efficient delivery of stem cells, and argue for the incorporation of microenvironmental factors in the studies.
Collapse
|
93
|
Gincberg G, Arien-Zakay H, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI. Neural stem cells: therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Br Med Bull 2012; 104:7-19. [PMID: 22988303 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/lds024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural stem cells (NSCs) from specific brain areas or developed from progenitors of different sources are of therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. SOURCES OF DATA Treatment strategies involve the (i) transplantation of exogenous NSCs; (ii) pharmacological modulations of endogenous NSCs and (iii) modulation of endogenous NSCs via the transplantation of exogenous NSCs. AREAS OF AGREEMENT There is a consensus about the therapeutic potential of transplanted NSCs. The ability of NSCs to home into areas of central nervous system injury allows their delivery by intravenous injection. There is also a general agreement about the neuroprotective mechanisms of NSCs involving a 'bystander effect'. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Individual laboratories may be using phenotypically diverse NSCs, since these cells have been differentiated by a variety of neurotrophins and/or cultured on different ECM proteins, therefore differing in the expression of neuronal markers. GROWING POINTS Optimization of the dose, delivery route, timing of administration of NSCs, their interactions with the immune system and combination therapies in conjunction with tissue engineered neural prostheses are under investigation. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH In-depth understanding of the biological properties of NSCs, including mechanisms of therapy, safety, efficacy and elimination from the organism. These areas are central for further use in cell therapy. CAUTIONARY NOTE: As long as critical safety and efficacy issues are not resolved, we need to be careful in translating NSC therapy from animal models to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galit Gincberg
- The School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lee Z, Dennis J, Alsberg E, Krebs MD, Welter J, Caplan A. Imaging Stem Cell Differentiation for Cell-Based Tissue Repair. Methods Enzymol 2012; 506:247-63. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391856-7.00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
95
|
Phillips MI, Tang Y. Genetic Modification of Stem Cells for Cardiac, Diabetic, and Hemophilia Transplantation Therapies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:285-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
96
|
Doorn J, Moll G, Le Blanc K, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells: paracrine effects and potential improvements. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:101-15. [PMID: 21995703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of cell-to-cell signaling, paracrine signaling comprises those signals that are transmitted over short distances between different cell types. In the human body, secreted growth factors and cytokines instruct, among others, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, stromal cells provide instructive cues to stem cells via paracrine signaling and one of these cell types, known to secrete a broad panel of growth factors and cytokines, is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The factors secreted by MSCs have trophic, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic properties, and their paracrine profile varies according to their initial activation by various stimuli. MSCs are currently studied as treatment for inflammatory diseases such as graft-versus-host disease and Crohn's disease, but also as treatment for myocardial infarct and solid organ transplantation. In addition, MSCs are investigated for their use in tissue engineering applications, in which their differentiation plays an important role, but as we have recently demonstrated, their trophic factors may also be involved. Furthermore, a functional improvement of MSCs might be obtained after preconditioning or tailoring the cells themselves. Also, the way the cells are clinically administered may be specialized for specific therapeutic scenarios. In this review we will first discuss the HSC niche, in which MSCs were recently identified and are thought to play an instructive and supportive role. We will then evaluate therapeutic applications that currently try to utilize the trophic and/or immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, and we will also discuss new options to enhance their therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Doorn
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Anderson AJ, Haus DL, Hooshmand MJ, Perez H, Sontag CJ, Cummings BJ. Achieving stable human stem cell engraftment and survival in the CNS: is the future of regenerative medicine immunodeficient? Regen Med 2011; 6:367-406. [PMID: 21548741 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is potential for a variety of stem cell populations to mediate repair in the diseased or injured CNS; in some cases, this theoretical possibility has already transitioned to clinical safety testing. However, careful consideration of preclinical animal models is essential to provide an appropriate assessment of stem cell safety and efficacy, as well as the basic biological mechanisms of stem cell action. This article examines the lessons learned from early tissue, organ and hematopoietic grafting, the early assumptions of the stem cell and CNS fields with regard to immunoprivilege, and the history of success in stem cell transplantation into the CNS. Finally, we discuss strategies in the selection of animal models to maximize the predictive validity of preclinical safety and efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, 845 Health Science Road, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1705, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Sasaki M, Honmou O, Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Development of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in the nonhuman primate and a safety study of i.v. infusion of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26577. [PMID: 22039510 PMCID: PMC3200343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most experimental stroke research is carried out in rodents, but given differences between rodents and human, nonhuman primate (NHP) models may provide a valuable tool to study therapeutic interventions. The authors developed a surgical method for transient occlusion of the M1 branch of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the African green monkey to evaluate safety aspects of intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from human bone marrow. METHODS The left Sylvian fissure was exposed by a small fronto-temporal craniotomy. The M1 branch of the MCA was exposed by microsurgical dissection and clipped for 2 to 4 hours. Neurological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were carried out at regular post-operative course. hMSCs were infused 1 hour after reperfusion (clip release) in the 3-hour occlusion model. RESULTS During M1 occlusion, two patterns of changes were observed in the lateral hemisphere surface. One pattern (Pattern 1) was darkening of venous blood, small vessel collapse, and blood pooling with no venous return in cortical veins. Animals with these three features had severe and lasting hemiplegia and MRI demonstrated extensive MCA territory infarction. Animals in the second pattern (Pattern 2) displayed darkening of venous blood, small vessel collapse, and reduced but incompletely occluded venous flow and the functional deficit was much less severe and MRI indicated smaller infarction areas in brain. The severe group (Pattern 1) likely had less extensive collateral circulation than the less severe group (Pattern 2) where venous pooling of blood was not observed. The hMSC infused animals showed a trend for greater functional improvement that was not statistically significant in the acute phase and no additive negative effects. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate inter-animal variability of collateral circulation after complete M1 occlusion and that hMSC infusion is safe in the developed NHP stroke model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeffery D. Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Borlongan CV, Glover LE, Tajiri N, Kaneko Y, Freeman TB. The great migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells toward the ischemic brain: therapeutic implications for stroke and other neurological disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:213-28. [PMID: 21903148 PMCID: PMC3185169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating laboratory studies have implicated the mobilization of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells in brain plasticity and stroke therapy. This mobilization of bone cells to the brain is an essential concept in regenerative medicine. Over the past ten years, mounting data have shown the ability of bone marrow-derived stem cells to mobilize from BM to the peripheral blood (PB) and eventually enter the injured brain. This homing action is exemplified in BM stem cell mobilization following ischemic brain injury. Various BM-derived cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs) have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits in stroke. Here, we discuss the current status of these BM-derived stem cells in stroke therapy, with emphasis on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action that mediate the cells' beneficial effects in the ischemic brain. When possible, we also discuss the relevance of this therapeutic regimen in other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Li J, Tang B, Qu Y, Mu D. Telomerase reverse transcriptase: A novel neuroprotective mechanism involved in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:867-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Binzhi Tang
- Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| |
Collapse
|