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Nieman WA, Leslie AJ, Wilkinson A, Wossler TC. Socioeconomic and biophysical determinants of wire-snare poaching incidence and behaviour in the Boland Region of South Africa. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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52
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Pruvot M, Khammavong K, Milavong P, Philavong C, Reinharz D, Mayxay M, Rattanavong S, Horwood P, Dussart P, Douangngeun B, Theppangna W, Fine AE, Olson SH, Robinson M, Newton P. Toward a quantification of risks at the nexus of conservation and health: The case of bushmeat markets in Lao PDR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:732-745. [PMID: 31054417 PMCID: PMC7112076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Trade of bushmeat and other wildlife for human consumption presents a unique set of challenges to policy-makers who are confronted with multiple trade-offs between conservation, food security, food safety, culture and tradition. In the face of these complex issues, risk assessments supported by quantitative information would facilitate evidence-based decision making. We propose a conceptual model for disease transmission risk analysis, inclusive of these multiple other facets. To quantify several processes included in this conceptual model we conducted questionnaire surveys with wildlife consumers and vendors in semi-urban centers in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR, Laos) and direct observations of consumer behaviors. Direct observation of market stalls indicated an estimated average of 10 kg bushmeat biomass per stall per hour. The socio-demographic data suggested that consumption of bushmeat in urban areas was not for subsistence but rather driven by dietary preference and tradition. Consumer behavioral observations indicated that each animal receives an average of 7 contacts per hour. We provide other key parameters to estimate the risk of disease transmission from bushmeat consumption and illustrate their use in assessing the total public health and socio-economic impact of bushmeat consumption. Pursuing integrative approaches to the study of bushmeat consumption is essential to develop effective and balanced policies that support conservation, public health, and rural development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pruvot
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
| | - Kongsy Khammavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Program, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Phonesavanh Milavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Program, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | | | - Daniel Reinharz
- Institut de la Francophonie pour la Médecine Tropicale, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Département de Médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sayapeth Rattanavong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Paul Horwood
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Bounlom Douangngeun
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Ban Khunta, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Watthana Theppangna
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Ban Khunta, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Matthew Robinson
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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53
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Sirén AH, Parvinen K. Bioeconomic Modeling of Hunting in a Spatially Structured System With Two Prey Species. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dobson ADM, Milner‐Gulland EJ, Beale CM, Ibbett H, Keane A. Detecting deterrence from patrol data. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:665-675. [PMID: 30238502 PMCID: PMC7379181 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The threat posed to protected areas by the illegal killing of wildlife is countered principally by ranger patrols that aim to detect and deter potential offenders. Deterring poaching is a fundamental conservation objective, but its achievement is difficult to identify, especially when the prime source of information comes in the form of the patrols' own records, which inevitably contain biases. The most common metric of deterrence is a plot of illegal activities detected per unit of patrol effort (CPUE) against patrol effort (CPUE-E). We devised a simple, mechanistic model of law breaking and law enforcement in which we simulated deterrence alongside exogenous changes in the frequency of offences under different temporal patterns of enforcement effort. The CPUE-E plots were not reliable indicators of deterrence. However, plots of change in CPUE over change in effort (ΔCPUE-ΔE) reliably identified deterrence, regardless of the temporal distribution of effort or any exogenous change in illegal activity levels as long as the time lag between patrol effort and subsequent behavioral change among offenders was approximately known. The ΔCPUE-ΔE plots offered a robust, simple metric for monitoring patrol effectiveness; were no more conceptually complicated than the basic CPUE-E plots; and required no specialist knowledge or software to produce. Our findings demonstrate the need to account for temporal autocorrelation in patrol data and to consider appropriate (and poaching-activity-specific) intervals for aggregation. They also reveal important gaps in understanding of deterrence in this context, especially the mechanisms by which it occurs. In practical applications, we recommend the use of ΔCPUE-ΔE plots in preference to other basic metrics and advise that deterrence should be suspected only if there is a clear negative slope. Distinct types of illegal activity should not be grouped together for analysis, especially if the signs of their occurrence have different persistence times in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harriet Ibbett
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PSU.K.
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFU.K.
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55
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Walelign SZ, Nielsen MR, Jakobsen JB. Price Elasticity of Bushmeat Demand in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem: Insights for Managing the Bushmeat Trade. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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56
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Wells CR, Pandey A, Parpia AS, Fitzpatrick MC, Meyers LA, Singer BH, Galvani AP. Ebola vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10178-10183. [PMID: 31036657 PMCID: PMC6525480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817329116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the April 2018 reemergence of Ebola in a rural region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the virus spread to an urban center by early May. Within 2 wk of the first case confirmation, a vaccination campaign was initiated in which 3,017 doses were administered to contacts of cases and frontline healthcare workers. To evaluate the spatial dynamics of Ebola transmission and quantify the impact of vaccination, we developed a geographically explicit model that incorporates high-resolution data on poverty and population density. We found that while Ebola risk was concentrated around sites initially reporting infections, longer-range dissemination also posed a risk to areas with high population density and poverty. We estimate that the vaccination program contracted the geographical area at risk for Ebola by up to 70.4% and reduced the level of risk within that region by up to 70.1%. The early implementation of vaccination was critical. A delay of even 1 wk would have reduced these effects to 33.3 and 44.8%, respectively. These results underscore the importance of the rapid deployment of Ebola vaccines during emerging outbreaks to containing transmission and preventing global spread. The spatiotemporal framework developed here provides a tool for identifying high-risk regions, in which surveillance can be intensified and preemptive control can be implemented during future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Wells
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alyssa S Parpia
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Meagan C Fitzpatrick
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Lauren A Meyers
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin TX, 78712
| | - Burton H Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alison P Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
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57
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Fa JE, Nasi R, van Vliet N. [Bushmeat, human impacts and human health in tropical rainforests: The Ebola virus case]. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2019; S1:107-114. [PMID: 31210471 DOI: 10.3917/spub.190.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At a time when more than 5 million tonnes of bushmeat are harvested annually from tropical forests, and which account for a significant, but unrecorded, share of the gross domestic product of many forest countries, decision makers are encouraged, within conservation and food security policies, to understand the role that wildlife can play in the conservation of ecosystem services. In this article, we present an analysis of the problem, describing the role played by bushmeat in human diets, and the health risks linked to the consumption of bushmeat, in particular with regard to Ebola disease, to provide insights on the direction of possible strategies to manage the use of wildlife for meeting the needs of local populations and reducing risks to human health.
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58
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Suarez E, Zapata‐Ríos G. Managing subsistence hunting in the changing landscape of Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Suarez
- Instituto BiósferaColegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador
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59
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Not Seeing the Forest for the Trees: The Oversight of Defaunation in REDD+ and Global Forest Governance. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, countries have strived to develop a global governance structure to halt deforestation and forest degradation, by achieving the readiness requirements for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). Nonetheless, deforestation continues, and seemingly intact forest areas are being degraded. Furthermore, REDD+ may fail to consider the crucial ecosystem functions of forest fauna including seed dispersal and pollination. Throughout the tropics, forest animal populations are depleted by unsustainable hunting to the extent that many forests are increasingly devoid of larger mammals—a condition referred to as empty forests. Large mammals and birds, who often disperse seeds of larger more carbon-rich tree species, are preferentially targeted by hunters and the first to be depleted. Such defaunation has cascading ecosystem effects, changing forest structure and composition with implications for carbon storage capacity. Failure to address defaunation would therefore be a major oversight in REDD+, compromising its long-term viability. We carried out a desktop study reviewing REDD+ documents and national implementation efforts in Colombia, Ecuador, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Indonesia to assess the extent to which they address hunting and acknowledged the ecosystem functions of fauna. We also assessed sub-national REDD+ projects to determine whether they recognized hunting and if and how they incorporated hunting management and wildlife monitoring at the project level. Moreover, we assessed to what extent sub-national REDD+ projects addressed the long-term impacts of the sustainability of hunting on forest ecosystem function including carbon storage. We found that hunting, the risk of defaunation, and its effects have been ignored in the REDD+ policy process at both the international and national levels. At the project level, we found some reference to hunting and the risks posed by the loss of forest fauna, albeit only addressed superficially. Our results underline the fact that forest ecosystems are being reduced to their carbon content and that, despite the rhetoric of biodiversity co-benefits, fauna is not treated as a functional component of forests. This neglect threatens to undermine forest ecosystem function and service delivery as well as long-term forest carbon assimilation capacity and hence, ultimately, to compromise REDD+ objectives.
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60
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Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Betts MG, Ceballos G, Courchamp F, Hayward MW, Valkenburgh B, Wallach AD, Worm B. Are we eating the world's megafauna to extinction? Conserv Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Forest Biodiversity Research Network Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Forest Biodiversity Research Network Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Thomas M. Newsome
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Forest Biodiversity Research Network Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- School of Life and Environmental Science The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Matthew G. Betts
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Forest Biodiversity Research Network Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico C.U. Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Ecologie, Systématique, and Evolution, Univ Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
| | - Matt W. Hayward
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Blaire Valkenburgh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Arian D. Wallach
- Centre for Compassionate Conservation, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Boris Worm
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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61
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62
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Kenny TA, Fillion M, Simpkin S, Wesche SD, Chan HM. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:590-607. [PMID: 30116999 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) has been fundamental to the diet and culture of Arctic Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years. Although caribou populations observe natural cycles of abundance and scarcity, several caribou herds across the Circumpolar North have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades due to a range of interrelated factors. Broadly, the objectives of this study are to examine food and nutrition security in relation to wildlife population and management status across Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland, consisting of four regions across the Canadian Arctic). Specifically, we: (1) characterize the contribution of caribou to Inuit nutrition across northern Canada and (2) evaluate the population and management status of caribou herds/populations harvested by Inuit. Dietary data were derived from the 2007-2008 Inuit Health Survey, which included dietary information for Inuit adults (n = 2097) residing in thirty-six communities, spanning three regions (the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, and Nunatsiavut) of the Canadian North. Published information regarding the range, abundance, status, and management status of caribou herds/populations was collected through document analysis and was validated through consultation with northern wildlife experts (territorial governments, co-management, and/or Inuit organizations). While caribou contributed modestly to total diet energy (3-11% of intake) across the regions, it was the primary source of iron (14-37%), zinc (18-41%), copper (12-39%), riboflavin (15-39%), and vitamin B12 (27-52%), as well as a top source of protein (13-35%). Restrictions on Inuit subsistence harvest (harvest quotas or bans) are currently enacted on at least six northern caribou herds/populations with potential consequences for country food access for over twenty-five Inuit communities across Canada. A holistic multi-sectorial approach is needed to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations, while supporting Inuit food and nutrition security in the interim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiff-Annie Kenny
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Simpkin
- Geographic, Statistical and Government Information Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sonia D Wesche
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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63
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Hanson T. Biodiversity conservation and armed conflict: a warfare ecology perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1429:50-65. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Carcass and meat characteristics from farm-raised and wild fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus): A review. Meat Sci 2018; 141:9-27. [PMID: 29558697 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deer species are utilised for food, hunting and other products throughout the world. Consumers are typically exposed to venison derived predominantly from both farm-raised or wild fallow (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). The production of venison under farm conditions, compared to the meat of deer hunted in the wild, allows for a regular supply of a consistently good meat. It is lean, tasty, and rich in proteins and minerals, with a low content of fat and cholesterol. Overall, the worldwide demand for meat is still growing, and both the potential of farming deer species and their use as meat producers have led to an increased interest in venison. The current knowledge about various factors (e.g. nutrition, age, sex, condition, season) affecting venison and game meat has significantly increased during past decades but information regarding the interaction between production system or pre- and post-slaughter handling and ultimate deer meat quality are still very limited.
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65
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Kaaya E, Chapman M. Micro-Credit and Community Wildlife Management: Complementary Strategies to Improve Conservation Outcomes in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:464-475. [PMID: 28382488 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Community wildlife management programs in African protected areas aim to deliver livelihood and social benefits to local communities in order to bolster support for their conservation objectives. Most of these benefits are delivered at the community level. However, many local people are also seeking more individual or household-level livelihood benefits from community wildlife management programs because it is at this level that many of the costs of protected area conservation are borne. Because community wildlife management delivers few benefits at this level, support for their conservation objectives amongst local people often declines. The study investigated the implications of this for reducing poaching in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Three community wildlife management initiatives undertaken by Park management were compared with regard to their capacity to deliver the individual and household-level benefits sought by local people: community conservation services, wildlife management areas and community conservation banks. Interviews were carried out with poachers and local people from four villages in the Western Serengeti including members of village conservation banks, as well as a number of key informants. The results suggest that community conservation banks could, as a complementary strategy to existing community wildlife management programs, potentially provide a more effective means of reducing poaching in African protected areas than community wildlife management programs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kaaya
- Rubondo Island National Park, P.O. Box 111, Geita, Tanzania
| | - Margaret Chapman
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Knapp S, Schweiger O, Kraberg A, Asmus H, Asmus R, Brey T, Frickenhaus S, Gutt J, Kühn I, Liess M, Musche M, Pörtner HO, Seppelt R, Klotz S, Krause G. Do drivers of biodiversity change differ in importance across marine and terrestrial systems - Or is it just different research communities' perspectives? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:191-203. [PMID: 27636004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-system studies on the response of different ecosystems to global change will support our understanding of ecological changes. Synoptic views on the planet's two main realms, the marine and terrestrial, however, are rare, owing to the development of rather disparate research communities. We combined questionnaires and a literature review to investigate how the importance of anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity change differs among marine and terrestrial systems and whether differences perceived by marine vs. terrestrial researchers are reflected by the scientific literature. This included asking marine and terrestrial researchers to rate the relevance of different drivers of global change for either marine or terrestrial biodiversity. Land use and the associated loss of natural habitats were rated as most important in the terrestrial realm, while the exploitation of the sea by fishing was rated as most important in the marine realm. The relevance of chemicals, climate change and the increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 were rated differently for marine and terrestrial biodiversity respectively. Yet, our literature review provided less evidence for such differences leading to the conclusion that while the history of the use of land and sea differs, impacts of global change are likely to become increasingly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Knapp
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alexandra Kraberg
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Biosciences/Shelf Sea System Ecology, Kurpromenade 201, Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Harald Asmus
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, 25992 List, Germany.
| | - Ragnhild Asmus
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, 25992 List, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brey
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Biosciences/Functional Ecology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Frickenhaus
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Biosciences/Scientific Computing, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Julian Gutt
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Biosciences/Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Musche
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Hans-O Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Biosciences/Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stefan Klotz
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Gesche Krause
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Climate Sciences/Climate Dynamics, Bussestr. 24, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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67
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Rog SM, Clarke RH, Cook CN. More than marine: revealing the critical importance of mangrove ecosystems for terrestrial vertebrates. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Rog
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Rohan H. Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
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68
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Cawthorn DM, Hoffman LC. Controversial cuisine: A global account of the demand, supply and acceptance of “unconventional” and “exotic” meats. Meat Sci 2016; 120:19-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Handling Diversity of Visions and Priorities in Food Chain Sustainability Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roger F, Caron A, Morand S, Pedrono M, de Garine-Wichatitsky M, Chevalier V, Tran A, Gaidet N, Figuié M, de Visscher MN, Binot A. One Health and EcoHealth: the same wine in different bottles? Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:30978. [PMID: 26899935 PMCID: PMC4761681 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.30978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chakanya C, Dokora AEM, Muchenje V, Hoffman LC. The fallow deer (Dama spp.); endangered or not? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zoolgart.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muchenje V, Mukumbo FE. Introduction to the special issue Food and Nutrition Security: Can science and good governance deliver dinner? Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Publisher’s Note. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Voigt CC, Kingston T, Racey PA. Exploitation of Bats for Bushmeat and Medicine. BATS IN THE ANTHROPOCENE: CONSERVATION OF BATS IN A CHANGING WORLD 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bat hunting for consumption as bushmeat and medicine is widespread and affects at least 167 species of bats (or c. 13 % of the world’s bat species), in Africa, Asia, across the islands of Oceania, and to a lesser extent in Central and South America. Hunting is particularly prevalent among the large-bodied fruit bats of the Old World tropics, where half (50 %, 92/183) the extant species in the family Pteropodidae are hunted. Pteropodids that are hunted are six times more likely to be Red Listed as threatened: 66 % of species in IUCN threatened categories (CR, EN, VU, NT), compared to 11 % of species in the ‘Least Concern’ (LC) category. However, there still appears to be an information gap at the international level. One third of the hunted species on the Red List are not considered threatened by that hunting, and nearly a quarter of the bat species included in this review are not listed as hunted in IUCN Red List species accounts. This review has resulted in a comprehensive list of hunted bats that doubles the number of species known from either the IUCN Red List species accounts or a questionnaire circulated in 2004. More research is needed on the impacts of unregulated hunting, as well as on the sustainability of regulated hunting programs. In the absence of population size and growth data, legislators and managers should be precautionary in their attitude towards hunting. Roost site protection should be a priority as it is both logistically simpler than patrolling bat foraging grounds and reduces the comparatively larger scale mortality and stress that hunting at the roost can cause. Education and awareness campaigns within local communities should demonstrate how bats are a limited resource and emphasize characteristics (nocturnal, slow reproducing and colonial) that make them particularly vulnerable to hunting pressure.
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