51
|
Lekka M, Herman K, Zemła J, Bodek Ł, Pyka-Fościak G, Gil D, Dulińska-Litewka J, Ptak A, Laidler P. Probing the recognition specificity of α Vβ 1 integrin and syndecan-4 using force spectroscopy. Micron 2020; 137:102888. [PMID: 32554186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge on how cells interact with microenvironment is particularly important in understanding the interaction of cancer cells with surrounding stroma, which affects cell migration, adhesion, and metastasis. The main cell surface receptors responsible for the interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) are integrins, however, they are not the only ones. Integrins are accompanied to other molecules such as syndecans. The role of the latter has not yet been fully established. In our study, we would like to answer the question of whether integrins and syndecans, possessing similar functions, share also similar unbinding properties. By using single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), we conducted measurements of the unbinding properties of αVβ1 and syndecan-4 in the interaction with vitronectin (VN), which, as each ECM protein, possesses two binding sites specific to integrins and syndecans. The unbinding force and the kinetic off rate constant derived from SMFS describe the stability of single molecular complex. Obtained data show one barrier transition for each complex. The proposed model shows that the unbinding of αVβ1 from VN proceeds before the unbinding of SDC-4. However, despite different unbinding kinetics, the access to both receptors is needed for cell growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bodek
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Pyka-Fościak
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Gil
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Ptak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Smith SJ, Davidson LA, Rebeiz M. Evolutionary expansion of apical extracellular matrix is required for the elongation of cells in a novel structure. eLife 2020; 9:55965. [PMID: 32338602 PMCID: PMC7266619 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how novel anatomical structures evolve is understanding the origins of the morphogenetic processes that form these features. Here, we traced the cellular development of a recently evolved morphological novelty, the posterior lobe of D. melanogaster. We found that this genital outgrowth forms through extreme increases in epithelial cell height. By examining the apical extracellular matrix (aECM), we also uncovered a vast matrix associated with the developing genitalia of lobed and non-lobed species. Expression of the aECM protein Dumpy is spatially expanded in lobe-forming species, connecting the posterior lobe to the ancestrally derived aECM network. Further analysis demonstrated that Dumpy attachments are necessary for cell height increases during posterior lobe development. We propose that the aECM presents a rich reservoir for generating morphological novelty and highlights a yet unseen role for aECM in regulating extreme cell height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jacquelyn Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mark Rebeiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu X, Gao Y, Long X, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ogura T, Wang DO, Ikejima T. Type I collagen promotes the migration and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblastsviathe release of interleukin-6 mediated by FAK/NF-κB p65 activation. Food Funct 2020; 11:328-338. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen has the potential to promote the migration and differentiation of C2C12myoblastviaIL-6 release that was mediated by FAK/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. Cell Rep 2019; 25:328-338.e5. [PMID: 30304674 PMCID: PMC6226003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration through and away from tumors is driven in part by migration along aligned extracellular matrix, a process known as contact guidance (CG). To concurrently study the influence of architectural and mechanical regulators of CG sensing, we developed a set of CG platforms. Using flat and nanotextured substrates with variable architectures and stiffness, we show that CG sensing is regulated by substrate stiffness and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during CG sensing. Furthermore, we show that Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodia dynamics can compete with aligned protrusions to diminish the CG response and define Arp2/3- and Formins-dependent actin architectures that regulate microtu-bule-dependent protrusions, which promote the CG response. Thus, our work represents a comprehen-sive examination of the physical mechanisms influ-encing CG sensing. Aligned extracellular matrix architectures in tumors direct migration of invasive cancer cells. Tabdanov et al. show that the mechanical properties of aligned extracellular matrix environments influence invasive cell behavior and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during sensing of contact guidance cues that arise from aligned extracellular matrix.
Collapse
|
56
|
Yang HX, Xu GR, Zhang C, Sun JH, Zhang Y, Song JN, Li YF, Liu Y, Li AY. The aqueous extract of Gentianella acuta improves isoproterenol‑induced myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of the TGF‑β1/Smads signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:223-233. [PMID: 31939619 PMCID: PMC6889944 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentianella acuta (G. acuta) is one of the most commonly used herbs in Chinese Mongolian medicine for the treatment of heart disease. Previously, it was found that G. acuta ameliorated cardiac function and inhibited isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats. In this study, the underlying anti-fibrotic mechanism of G. acuta was further elucidated. Histopathological changes in the heart were observed by hematoxylineosin, Masson trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Relevant molecular events were investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results revealed that G. acuta caused improvements in myocardial injury and fibrosis. G. acuta also inhibited collagens I and III and α-smooth muscle actin production in heart tissue. G. acuta downregulated the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and notably inhibited the levels of phosphorylation of TGF-β receptors I and II. Furthermore, G. acuta caused downregulation of the intracellular mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smads)2 and 4 expression and inhibited Smads2 and 3 phosphorylation. The results further demonstrated that the mechanism underlying anti-myocardial fibrosis effects of G. acuta was based upon the suppression of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Therefore, G. acuta may be a potential therapeutic agent for ameliorating myocardial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Geng-Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Na Song
- Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Carney KR, Bryan CD, Gordon HB, Kwan KM. LongAxis: A MATLAB-based program for 3D quantitative analysis of epithelial cell shape and orientation. Dev Biol 2019; 458:1-11. [PMID: 31589834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial morphogenesis, a fundamental aspect of development, generates 3-dimensional tissue structures crucial for organ function. Underlying morphogenetic mechanisms are, in many cases, poorly understood, but mutations that perturb organ development can affect epithelial cell shape and orientation - difficult features to quantify in three dimensions. The basic structure of the eye is established via epithelial morphogenesis: in the embryonic optic cup, the retinal progenitor epithelium enwraps the lens. We previously found that loss of the extracellular matrix protein laminin-alpha1 (lama1) led to mislocalization of apical polarity markers and apparent misorientation of retinal progenitors. We sought to visualize and quantify this phenotype, and determine whether loss of the apical polarity determinant pard3 might rescue the phenotype. To this end, we developed LongAxis, a MATLAB-based program optimized for the retinal progenitor neuroepithelium. LongAxis facilitates 3-dimensional cell segmentation, visualization, and quantification of cell orientation and morphology. Using LongAxis, we find that retinal progenitors in the lama1-/- optic cup are misoriented and slightly less elongated. In the lama1;MZpard3 double mutant, cells are still misoriented, but larger. Therefore, loss of pard3 does not rescue loss of lama1, and in fact uncovers a novel cell size phenotype. LongAxis enables population-level visualization and quantification of retinal progenitor cell orientation and morphology. These results underscore the importance of visualizing and quantifying cell orientation and shape in three dimensions within the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Carney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chase D Bryan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hannah B Gordon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Extracellular matrix and morphogenesis in cnidarians: a tightly knit relationship. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:407-416. [PMID: 31462530 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarians, members of an early-branching metazoan phylum, possess an extracellular matrix (ECM) between their two epithelial cell layers, called the mesoglea. The cnidarian ECM, which is best studied in Hydra, contains matrix components reflective of both interstitial matrix and basement membrane. The identification of core matrisome components in cnidarian genomes has led to the notion that the basic composition of vertebrate ECM is of highly conserved nature and can be traced back to pre-bilaterians. While in vertebrate classes ECM factors have often diverged and acquired specialized functions in the context of organ development, cnidarians with their simple body plan retained direct links between ECM and morphogenesis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation techniques have provided tools for systematically studying cnidarian ECM function in body axis patterning and regeneration.
Collapse
|
59
|
Spurlin JW, Siedlik MJ, Nerger BA, Pang MF, Jayaraman S, Zhang R, Nelson CM. Mesenchymal proteases and tissue fluidity remodel the extracellular matrix during airway epithelial branching in the embryonic avian lung. Development 2019; 146:dev.175257. [PMID: 31371376 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal signaling is essential for morphogenesis, including branching of the lung. In the mouse, mesenchymal cells differentiate into airway smooth muscle that wraps around epithelial branches, but this contractile tissue is absent from the early avian lung. Here, we have found that branching morphogenesis in the embryonic chicken lung requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling driven by reciprocal interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme. Before branching, the basement membrane wraps the airway epithelium as a spatially uniform sheath. After branch initiation, however, the basement membrane thins at branch tips; this remodeling requires mesenchymal expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, which is necessary for branch extension but for not branch initiation. As branches extend, tenascin C (TNC) accumulates in the mesenchyme several cell diameters away from the epithelium. Despite its pattern of accumulation, TNC is expressed exclusively by epithelial cells. Branch extension coincides with deformation of adjacent mesenchymal cells, which correlates with an increase in mesenchymal fluidity at branch tips that may transport TNC away from the epithelium. These data reveal novel epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that direct ECM remodeling during airway branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Spurlin
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Siedlik
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bryan A Nerger
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mei-Fong Pang
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sahana Jayaraman
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rawlison Zhang
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Hu L, Zhao B, Gao Z, Xu J, Fan Z, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang S. Regeneration characteristics of different dental derived stem cell sheets. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47 Suppl 1:66-72. [PMID: 31211857 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cell sheets have gained much interest as a non-scaffold strategy for tissue regeneration, the regenerative features of different cell sheets remain unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to compare the regeneration characteristics of cell sheets derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs). METHODS Dental pulp stem cells, PDLSCs and SCAPs from the same individual were acquired and induced to form sheets using 20 μg/mL vitamin C. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of collagen I, fibronectin, integrin β1 and vimentin. Real-time PCR was used to determine NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and TERT gene expression. The cell sheets with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate were transplanted into nude mice subcutaneously to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics. RESULTS No obvious differences were found in the histological structure and extracellular matrix protein expression between DPSC, PDLSC and SCAP sheets. Dental pulp stem cell sheet showed higher expression of OCT4 and TERT than PDLSC and SCAP sheets. All three cell sheets displayed the ability of mineral tissue formation and highly expressed periostin. The tissue derived from DPSC sheet showed higher CD31 expression and porous fibres compared with that from the others. The tissue fibres formed from PDLSC sheet were directionally arranged, while the tissue derived from SCAP sheet showed highest mineral tissue formation. CONCLUSION Although in vitro DPSC, PDLSC and SCAP cell sheets have similar characteristics, their regenerative characteristics in vivo are different, with each showing potential application for regeneration of different tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Proag A, Monier B, Suzanne M. Physical and functional cell-matrix uncoupling in a developing tissue under tension. Development 2019; 146:dev.172577. [PMID: 31064785 PMCID: PMC6589077 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue mechanics play a crucial role in organ development. They rely on the properties of cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), but the relative physical contribution of cells and ECM to morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed the behavior of the peripodial epithelium (PE) of the Drosophila leg disc in the light of the dynamics of its cellular and ECM components. The PE undergoes successive changes during leg development, including elongation, opening and removal to free the leg. During elongation, we found that the ECM and cell layer are progressively uncoupled. Concomitantly, the tension, mainly borne by the ECM at first, builds up in the cell monolayer. Then, each layer of the peripodial epithelium is removed by an independent mechanism: while the ECM layer withdraws following local proteolysis, cellular monolayer withdrawal is independent of ECM degradation and is driven by myosin II-dependent contraction. These results reveal a surprising physical and functional cell-matrix uncoupling in a monolayer epithelium under tension during development. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Highlighted Article: The independent behavior of extracellular matrix and cell monolayer of an epithelium under tension during Drosophila leg development highlights the interplay between tissue mechanics and cell-matrix coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Proag
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Bruno Monier
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Magali Suzanne
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ben Amar M, Nassoy P, LeGoff L. Physics of growing biological tissues: the complex cross-talk between cell activity, growth and resistance. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180070. [PMID: 30879412 PMCID: PMC6452036 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For many organisms, shapes emerge from growth, which generates stresses, which in turn can feedback on growth. In this review, theoretical methods to analyse various aspects of morphogenesis are discussed with the aim to determine the most adapted method for tissue mechanics. We discuss the need to work at scales intermediate between cells and tissues and emphasize the use of finite elasticity for this. We detail the application of these ideas to four systems: active cells embedded in tissues, brain cortical convolutions, the cortex of Caenorhabditis elegans during elongation and finally the proliferation of epithelia on extracellular matrix. Numerical models well adapted to inhomogeneities are also presented. This article is part of the theme issue 'Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ben Amar
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculté de médecine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne Université, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux and Institut d'Optique F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Loic LeGoff
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Pedchenko V, Bauer R, Pokidysheva EN, Al-Shaer A, Forde NR, Fidler AL, Hudson BG, Boudko SP. A chloride ring is an ancient evolutionary innovation mediating the assembly of the collagen IV scaffold of basement membranes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7968-7981. [PMID: 30923125 PMCID: PMC6527180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV scaffold is a principal component of the basement membrane (BM), a specialized extracellular matrix that is essential for animal multicellularity and tissue evolution. Scaffold assembly begins with the trimerization of α-chains into protomers inside the cell, which then are secreted and undergo oligomerization outside the cell. For the ubiquitous scaffold composed of α1- and α2-chains, both intracellular and extracellular stages are mediated by the noncollagenous domain (NC1). The association of protomers is chloride-dependent, whereby chloride ions induce interactions of the protomers' trimeric NC1 domains leading to NC1 hexamer formation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms, kinetics, and functionality of the chloride ion-mediated protomer assembly by using a single-chain technology to produce a stable NC1 trimer comprising α1, α2, and α1 NC1 monomers. We observed that in the presence of chloride, the single-chain NC1-trimer self-assembles into a hexamer, for which the crystal structure was determined. We discovered that a chloride ring, comprising 12 ions, induces the assembly of and stabilizes the NC1 hexamer. Furthermore, we found that the chloride ring is evolutionarily conserved across all animals, first appearing in cnidarians. These findings reveal a fundamental role for the chloride ring in the assembly of collagen IV scaffolds of BMs, a critical event enabling tissue evolution and development. Moreover, the single-chain technology is foundational for generating trimeric NC1 domains of other α-chain compositions to investigate the α121, α345, and α565 collagen IV scaffolds and to develop therapies for managing Alport syndrome, Goodpasture's disease, and cancerous tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ryan Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Elena N Pokidysheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alaa Al-Shaer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nancy R Forde
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of AspirnautTM Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of AspirnautTM Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cheng D, Jayne RK, Tamborini A, Eyckmans J, White AE, Chen CS. Studies of 3D directed cell migration enabled by direct laser writing of curved wave topography. Biofabrication 2019; 11:021001. [PMID: 30721899 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration, critical to numerous biological processes, can be guided by surface topography. Studying the effects of topography on cell migration is valuable for enhancing our understanding of directional cell migration and for functionally engineering cell behavior. However, fabrication limitations constrain topography studies to geometries that may not adequately mimic physiological environments. Direct Laser Writing (DLW) provides the necessary 3D flexibility and control to create well-defined waveforms with curvature and length scales that are similar to those found in physiological settings, such as the luminal walls of blood vessels that endothelial cells migrate along. We find that endothelial cells migrate fastest along square waves, intermediate along triangular waves, and slowest along sine waves and that directional cell migration on sine waves decreases as sinusoid wavelength increases. Interestingly, inhibition of Rac1 decreases directional migration on sine wave topographies but not on flat surfaces with micropatterned lines, suggesting that cells may utilize different molecular pathways to sense curved topographies. Our study demonstrates that DLW can be employed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of topography on cell migration by fabricating a wide array of physiologically-relevant surfaces with curvatures that are challenging to fabricate using conventional manufacturing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Camp D, Haage A, Solianova V, Castle WM, Xu QA, Lostchuck E, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. Direct binding of Talin to Rap1 is required for cell-ECM adhesion in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.225144. [PMID: 30446511 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is essential for animal development and tissue maintenance. The cytoplasmic protein Talin (encoded by rhea in flies) is necessary for linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, and its recruitment is a key step in the assembly of the adhesion complex. However, the mechanisms that regulate Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion in vivo are still not well understood. Here, we show that Talin recruitment to, and maintenance at, sites of integrin-mediated adhesion requires a direct interaction between Talin and the GTPase Rap1. A mutation that blocks the direct binding of Talin to Rap1 abolished Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion and the resulting phenotype phenocopies that seen with null alleles of Talin. Moreover, we show that Rap1 activity modulates Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion via its direct binding to Talin. These results identify the direct Talin-Rap1 interaction as a key in vivo mechanism for controlling integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Amanda Haage
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William M Castle
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Qinyuan A Xu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Emily Lostchuck
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bimodal sensing of guidance cues in mechanically distinct microenvironments. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4891. [PMID: 30459308 PMCID: PMC6244288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact guidance due to extracellular matrix architecture is a key regulator of carcinoma invasion and metastasis, yet our understanding of how cells sense guidance cues is limited. Here, using a platform with variable stiffness that facilitates uniaxial or biaxial matrix cues, or competing E-cadherin adhesions, we demonstrate distinct mechanoresponsive behavior. Through disruption of traction forces, we observe a profound phenotypic shift towards a mode of dendritic protrusion and identify bimodal processes that govern guidance sensing. In contractile cells, guidance sensing is strongly dependent on formins and FAK signaling and can be perturbed by disrupting microtubule dynamics, while low traction conditions initiate fluidic-like dendritic protrusions that are dependent on Arp2/3. Concomitant disruption of these bimodal mechanisms completely abrogates the contact guidance response. Thus, guidance sensing in carcinoma cells depends on both environment architecture and mechanical properties and targeting the bimodal responses may provide a rational strategy for disrupting metastatic behavior. Invasive cells respond to contact guidance cues during migration. Here, using micro- and nanopatterning with different ligands and varying stiffness, the authors find that cells can make cellular protrusions through both contractility-dependent and contractility-independent means.
Collapse
|
67
|
Live-Cell FRET Imaging Reveals a Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity Dynamics in Thymocyte Motility. iScience 2018; 10:98-113. [PMID: 30508722 PMCID: PMC6277225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays critical roles in T cell development in the thymus. Nevertheless, the dynamics of ERK activity and the role of ERK in regulating thymocyte motility remain largely unknown due to technical limitations. To visualize ERK activity in thymocytes, we here developed knockin reporter mice expressing a Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor for ERK from the ROSA26 locus. Live imaging of thymocytes isolated from the reporter mice revealed that ERK regulates thymocyte motility in a subtype-specific manner. Negative correlation between ERK activity and motility was observed in CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes and CD8 single-positive thymocytes, but not in CD4 single-positive thymocytes. Interestingly, however, the temporal deviations of ERK activity from the average correlate with the motility of CD4 single-positive thymocytes. Thus, live-cell FRET imaging will open a window to understanding the dynamic nature and the diverse functions of ERK signaling in T cell biology. Mice expressing EKAREV from ROSA26 locus enable ERK activity monitoring in T cells ERK activity negatively regulates the motility of thymocytes in the thymus Temporal dynamics of ERK activity regulates cell motility of CD4-SP in the medulla TCR signal from intercellular association induces ERK activity dynamics in CD4-SP
Collapse
|
68
|
Casino P, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Banerjee S, Boutaud A, Rubio V, Hudson BG, Saus J, Cervera J, Marina A. Structures of collagen IV globular domains: insight into associated pathologies, folding and network assembly. IUCRJ 2018; 5:765-779. [PMID: 30443360 PMCID: PMC6211539 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518012459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are extracellular structures of epithelia and endothelia that have collagen IV scaffolds of triple α-chain helical protomers that associate end-to-end, forming networks. The molecular mechanisms by which the noncollagenous C-terminal domains of α-chains direct the selection and assembly of the α1α2α1 and α3α4α5 hetero-oligomers found in vivo remain obscure. Autoantibodies against the noncollagenous domains of the α3α4α5 hexamer or mutations therein cause Goodpasture's or Alport's syndromes, respectively. To gain further insight into oligomer-assembly mechanisms as well as into Goodpasture's and Alport's syndromes, crystal structures of non-collagenous domains produced by recombinant methods were determined. The spontaneous formation of canonical homohexamers (dimers of trimers) of these domains of the α1, α3 and α5 chains was shown and the components of the Goodpasture's disease epitopes were viewed. Crystal structures of the α2 and α4 non-collagenous domains generated by recombinant methods were also determined. These domains spontaneously form homo-oligomers that deviate from the canonical architectures since they have a higher number of subunits (dimers of tetramers and of hexamers, respectively). Six flexible structural motifs largely explain the architectural variations. These findings provide insight into noncollagenous domain folding, while supporting the in vivo operation of extrinsic mechanisms for restricting the self-assembly of noncollagenous domains. Intriguingly, Alport's syndrome missense mutations concentrate within the core that nucleates the folding of the noncollagenous domain, suggesting that this syndrome, when owing to missense changes, is a folding disorder that is potentially amenable to pharmacochaperone therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Casino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina at Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina at Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sreedatta Banerjee
- Department of Defense, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| | - Billy G. Hudson
- Department of Medicine at Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Juan Saus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular at Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 15-17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Darris C, Revert F, Revert-Ros F, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Feigley A, Fidler A, Lopez-Pascual E, Saus J, Hudson BG. Unicellular ancestry and mechanisms of diversification of Goodpasture antigen-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:759-769. [PMID: 30377252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the basement membrane (BM), a specialized form of extracellular matrix, was essential in the unicellular transition to multicellularity. However, the mechanism is unknown. Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP), a BM protein, was uniquely poised to play diverse roles in this transition owing to its multiple isoforms (GPBP-1, -2, and -3) with varied intracellular and extracellular functions (ceramide trafficker and protein kinase). We sought to determine the evolutionary origin of GPBP isoforms. Our findings reveal the presence of GPBP in unicellular protists, with GPBP-2 as the most ancient isoform. In vertebrates, GPBP-1 assumed extracellular function that is further enhanced by membrane-bound GPBP-3 in mammalians, whereas GPBP-2 retained intracellular function. Moreover, GPBP-2 possesses a dual intracellular/extracellular function in cnidarians, an early nonbilaterian group. We conclude that GPBP functioning both inside and outside the cell was of fundamental importance for the evolutionary transition to animal multicellularity and tissue evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Darris
- From the Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
| | - Fernando Revert
- Fibrostatin, SL, Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Revert-Ros
- Fibrostatin, SL, Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Fibrostatin, SL, Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrew Feigley
- From the Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,the Aspirnaut Program
| | - Aaron Fidler
- From the Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,the Aspirnaut Program
| | - Ernesto Lopez-Pascual
- Fibrostatin, SL, Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Saus
- Fibrostatin, SL, Scientific Park of the University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of València, 46010 Valencia, Spain, and
| | - Billy G Hudson
- From the Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, .,the Aspirnaut Program.,Center for Matrix Biology.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Department of Biochemistry.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Anlaş AA, Nelson CM. Tissue mechanics regulates form, function, and dysfunction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:98-105. [PMID: 29890398 PMCID: PMC6214752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis encompasses the developmental processes that reorganize groups of cells into functional tissues and organs. The spatiotemporal patterning of individual cell behaviors is influenced by how cells perceive and respond to mechanical forces, and determines final tissue architecture. Here, we review recent work examining the physical mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis in vertebrate and invertebrate models, discuss how epithelial cells employ contractility to induce global changes that lead to tissue folding, and describe how tissue form itself regulates cell behavior. We then highlight novel tools to recapitulate these processes in engineered tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alişya A Anlaş
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Valer FB, Machado MCR, Silva-Junior RMP, Ramos RGP. Expression of Hbs, Kirre, and Rst during Drosophila ovarian development. Genesis 2018; 56:e23242. [PMID: 30114331 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Irre cell-recognition module (IRM) is a group of evolutionarily conserved and structurally related transmembrane glycoproteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In Drosophila melanogaster, it comprises the products of the genes roughest (rst; also known as irreC-rst), kin-of-irre (kirre; also known as duf), sticks-and-stones (sns), and hibris (hbs). In this model organism, the behavior of this group of proteins as a partly redundant functional unit mediating selective cell recognition was demonstrated in a variety of developmental contexts, but their possible involvement in ovarian development and oogenesis has not been investigated, notwithstanding the fact that some rst mutant alleles are also female sterile. Here, we show that IRM genes are dynamically and, to some extent, coordinately transcribed in both pupal and adult ovaries. Additionally, the spatial distribution of Hbs, Kirre, and Rst proteins indicates that they perform cooperative, although largely nonredundant, functions. Finally, phenotypical characterization of three different female sterile rst alleles uncovered two temporally separated and functionally distinct requirements for this locus in ovarian development: one in pupa, essential for the organization of peritoneal and epithelial sheaths that maintain the structural integrity of the adult organ and another, in mature ovarioles, needed for the progression of oogenesis beyond stage 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Berti Valer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maiaro Cabral Rosa Machado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
McCarthy EM, Floyd H, Addison O, Zhang ZJ, Oppenheimer PG, Grover LM. Influence of Cobalt Ions on Collagen Gel Formation and Their Interaction with Osteoblasts. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10129-10138. [PMID: 30221240 PMCID: PMC6130901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metals on metal implants have long been used in arthroplasties because of their robustness and low dislocation rate. Several relatively low-corrosion metals have been used in arthroplasty, including 316L stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy. Debris from these implants, however, has been found to cause inflammatory responses leading to unexpected failure rates approaching 10% 7 years surgery. Safety assessment of these materials traditionally relies on the use of simple two-dimensional assays, where cells are grown on the surface of the material over a relatively short time frame. It is now well-known that the composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have a critical effect on cell function. In this work, we have evaluated how cobalt ions influence the assembly of type I collagen, the principle component of the ECM in bone. We found that cobalt had a significant effect on collagen matrix formation, and its presence results in local variations in collagen density. This increase in heterogeneity causes an increase in localized mechanical properties but a decrease in the bulk stiffness of the material. Moreover, when collagen matrices contained cobalt ions, there was a significant change in how the cells interacted with the collagen matrix. Fluorescence images and biological assays showed a decrease in cell proliferation and viability with an increase in cobalt concentration. We present evidence that the cobalt ion complex interacts with the hydroxyl group present in the carboxylic terminal of the collagen fibril, preventing crucial stabilizing bonds within collagen formation. This demonstrates that the currently accepted toxicity assays are poor predictors of the longer-term biological performance of a material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McCarthy
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
- E-mail: (E.M.M.)
| | - Hayley Floyd
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Owen Addison
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Zhenyu J. Zhang
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Liam M. Grover
- Physical
Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, Physical Sciences of Imaging in
the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, Department of BioChemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, and School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
- E-mail: (L.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ebrahim S, Liu J, Weigert R. The Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Drives Micron-Scale Membrane Remodeling In Vivo Via the Generation of Mechanical Forces to Balance Membrane Tension Gradients. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800032. [PMID: 30080263 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of biological membranes is crucial for a vast number of cellular activities and is an inherently multiscale process in both time and space. Seminal work has provided important insights into nanometer-scale membrane deformations, and highlighted the remarkable variation and complexity in the underlying molecular machineries and mechanisms. However, how membranes are remodeled at the micron-scale, particularly in vivo, remains poorly understood. Here, we discuss how using regulated exocytosis of large (1.5-2.0 μm) membrane-bound secretory granules in the salivary gland of live mice as a model system, has provided evidence for the importance of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in micron-scale membrane remodeling in physiological conditions. We highlight some of these advances, and present mechanistic hypotheses for how the various biochemical and biophysical properties of distinct actomyosin networks may drive this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Drake PM, Franz-Odendaal TA. A Potential Role for MMPs during the Formation of Non-Neurogenic Placodes. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030020. [PMID: 30049947 PMCID: PMC6162748 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of non-neurogenic placodes is critical prior to the development of several epithelial derivatives (e.g., feathers, teeth, etc.) and their development frequently involves morphogenetic proteins (or morphogens). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, and recent research has shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) can modulate morphogen diffusion and cell behaviors. This review summarizes the known roles of MMPs during the development of non-neurogenic structures that involve a placodal stage. Specifically, we discuss feather, hair, tooth, mammary gland and lens development. This review highlights the potential critical role MMPs may play during placode formation in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Drake
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
| | - Tamara A Franz-Odendaal
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Pellegrini G, Francetti L, Barbaro B, del Fabbro M. Novel surfaces and osseointegration in implant dentistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12349. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Bruno Barbaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Koçer G, Jonkheijm P. About Chemical Strategies to Fabricate Cell-Instructive Biointerfaces with Static and Dynamic Complexity. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701192. [PMID: 29717821 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Properly functioning cell-instructive biointerfaces are critical for healthy integration of biomedical devices in the body and serve as decisive tools for the advancement of our understanding of fundamental cell biological phenomena. Studies are reviewed that use covalent chemistries to fabricate cell-instructive biointerfaces. These types of biointerfaces typically result in a static presentation of predefined cell-instructive cues. Chemically defined, but dynamic cell-instructive biointerfaces introduce spatiotemporal control over cell-instructive cues and present another type of biointerface, which promises a more biomimetic way to guide cell behavior. Therefore, strategies that offer control over the lateral sorting of ligands, the availability and molecular structure of bioactive ligands, and strategies that offer the ability to induce physical, chemical and mechanical changes in situ are reviewed. Specific attention is paid to state-of-the-art studies on dynamic, cell-instructive 3D materials. Future work is expected to further deepen our understanding of molecular and cellular biological processes investigating cell-type specific responses and the translational steps toward targeted in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülistan Koçer
- TechMed Centre and MESA Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- TechMed Centre and MESA Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Das S, Jacob RS, Patel K, Singh N, Maji SK. Amyloid Fibrils: Versatile Biomaterials for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1826-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Reeba S. Jacob
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Fidler AL, Boudko SP, Rokas A, Hudson BG. The triple helix of collagens - an ancient protein structure that enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs203950. [PMID: 29632050 PMCID: PMC5963836 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment, characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM), played an essential role in the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in animals (metazoans), and in the subsequent evolution of diverse animal tissues and organs. A major ECM component are members of the collagen superfamily -comprising 28 types in vertebrates - that exist in diverse supramolecular assemblies ranging from networks to fibrils. Each assembly is characterized by a hallmark feature, a protein structure called a triple helix. A current gap in knowledge is understanding the mechanisms of how the triple helix encodes and utilizes information in building scaffolds on the outside of cells. Type IV collagen, recently revealed as the evolutionarily most ancient member of the collagen superfamily, serves as an archetype for a fresh view of fundamental structural features of a triple helix that underlie the diversity of biological activities of collagens. In this Opinion, we argue that the triple helix is a protein structure of fundamental importance in building the extracellular matrix, which enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medical Education and Administration, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yamada Y, Chowdhury A, Schneider JP, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Macromolecule-Network Electrostatics Controlling Delivery of the Biotherapeutic Cell Modulator TIMP-2. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1285-1293. [PMID: 29505725 PMCID: PMC6329387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) is an endogenous 22 kDa proteinase inhibitor, demonstrating antitumorigenic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant TIMP-2 is currently undergoing preclinical testing in multiple, murine tumor models. Here we report the development of an inert, injectable peptide hydrogel matrix enabling encapsulation and sustained release of TIMP-2. We studied the TIMP-2 release profile from four β-hairpin peptide gels of varying net electrostatic charge. A negatively charged peptide gel (designated AcVES3) enabling encapsulation of 4 mg/mL of TIMP-2, without effects on rheological properties, facilitated the slow sustained release (0.9%/d) of TIMP-2 over 28 d. Released TIMP-2 is structurally intact and maintains the ability to inhibit MMP activity, as well as suppress lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro. These findings suggest that the AcVES3 hydrogel will be useful as an injectable vehicle for systemic delivery of TIMP-2 in vivo for ongoing preclinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - William G. Stetler-Stevenson
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Rainero E. Extracellular matrix internalization links nutrient signalling to invasive migration. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:4-9. [PMID: 29573490 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are the key mediators of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, linking the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. Besides localizing at the cell surface, they can be internalized and transported back to the plasma membrane (recycled) or delivered to the late endosomes/lysosomes for degradation. We and others have shown that integrin can be endocytosed together with their ECM ligands. In this short review, I will highlight how extracellular protein (including ECM) endocytosis impinges on the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a master regulator of cell metabolism and growth. This supports the intriguing hypothesis that ECM components may be considered as nutrient sources, primarily under soluble nutrient-depleted conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Biomedical Science Department, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Furuta S, Ren G, Mao JH, Bissell MJ. Laminin signals initiate the reciprocal loop that informs breast-specific gene expression and homeostasis by activating NO, p53 and microRNAs. eLife 2018; 7:26148. [PMID: 29560860 PMCID: PMC5862529 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
How mammalian tissues maintain their architecture and tissue-specificity is poorly understood. Previously, we documented both the indispensable role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, laminin-111 (LN1), in the formation of normal breast acini, and the phenotypic reversion of cancer cells to acini-like structures in 3-dimensional (3D) gels with inhibitors of oncogenic pathways. Here, we asked how laminin (LN) proteins integrate the signaling pathways necessary for morphogenesis. We report a surprising reciprocal circuitry comprising positive players: laminin-5 (LN5), nitric oxide (NO), p53, HOXD10 and three microRNAs (miRNAs) — that are involved in the formation of mammary acini in 3D. Significantly, cancer cells on either 2-dimensional (2D) or 3D and non-malignant cells on 2D plastic do not produce NO and upregulate negative players: NFκB, EIF5A2, SCA1 and MMP-9 — that disrupt the network. Introducing exogenous NO, LN5 or individual miRNAs to cancer cells reintegrates these pathways and induces phenotypic reversion in 3D. These findings uncover the essential elements of breast epithelial architecture, where the balance between positive- and negative-players leads to homeostasis. Most animal cells can secrete molecules into their surroundings to form a supportive meshwork of large proteins, called the extracellular matrix. This matrix is connected to the cell membrane through receptors that can transmit signals to the cell nucleus to change the levels of small RNA molecules called microRNAs. These, in turn, can switch genes on and off in the nucleus. In the laboratory, cells that build breast tissue and glands can be grown in gels containing extracellular matrix proteins called laminins. Under these conditions, ‘normal’ cells form organized clusters that resemble breast glands. However, if the communication between healthy cells and the extracellular matrix is interrupted, the cells can become disorganized and start to form clumps that resemble tumors, and if injected into mice, can form tumors. Conversely, if the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the cells is restored, each single cancer cell can – despite mutations – be turned into a healthy-looking cell. These cells form a normal-looking tissue through a process called reversion. Until now, it was not known which signals help normal breast tissue to form, and how cancerous cells revert into a ‘normal’ shape. To investigate this, Furuta et al. used a unique series of breast cells from a woman who underwent breast reduction. The cells taken from the discarded tissue had been previously grown by a different group of researchers in a specific way to ensure that both normal and eventual cancer cells were from the same individual. Furuta et al. then put these cells in the type of laminin found in extracellular matrix. The other set of cells used consisted of the same cancerous cells that had been reverted to normal-looking cells. Analysis of the three cell sets identified 60 genes that were turned down in reverted cancer cells to a level found in healthy cells, as well as 10 microRNAs that potentially target these 60 genes. A database search suggested that three of these microRNAs, which are absent in cancer cells, are necessary for healthy breast cells to form organized structures. Using this as a starting point, Furuta et al. discovered a signaling loop that was previously unknown and that organizes breast cells into healthy looking tissue. This showed that laminins help to produce nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule that activates several specific proteins inside the breast cells and restores the levels of the three microRNAs. These, in turn, switch off two genes that are responsible for activating an enzyme that can chop the laminins. Since the two genes are deactivated in the reverted cancer cells, the laminins remain intact and the cells can form organized structures. These findings suggest that if any of the components of the loop were missing, the cells would start to form cancerous clumps again. Reverting the cancer cells in the presence of laminins, however, could help cancer cells to form ‘normal’ structures again. These findings shed new light on how the extracellular matrix communicates with proteins in the nucleus to influence how single cells form breast tissues. It also shows that laminins are crucial for generating signals that regulate both form and function of specific tissues. A better understanding of how healthy and cancerous tissues form and re-form may in the future help to develop new cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Furuta
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, United States
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, United States
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Linde-Medina M, Marcucio R. Living tissues are more than cell clusters: The extracellular matrix as a driving force in morphogenesis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 137:46-51. [PMID: 29398066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the study of morphogenesis, there is a general tendency to look at the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a mechanically passive agent that simply gives support to cells, and consequently, to place all the explanatory burden on cellular behaviors. Here we aimed to show that not only cells, but also the ECM may be an important force of morphogenesis. Understanding the mechanical role of the ECM broadens our view of morphogenesis and stresses the importance of considering embryonic tissues as a composite of cells and ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Linde-Medina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Daley MC, Fenn SL, Black LD. Applications of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1098:59-83. [PMID: 30238366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) in providing biophysical and biochemical cues to the cells housed within during disease and development has become increasingly apparent. These signals have been shown to influence many fundamental cardiac cell behaviors including contractility, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Consequently, alterations to cell phenotype result in directed remodeling of the cECM. This bidirectional communication means that the cECM can be envisioned as a medium for information storage. As a result, the reprogramming of the cECM is increasingly being employed in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a method with which to treat disease. In this chapter, an overview of the composition and structure of the cECM as well as its role in cardiac development and disease will be provided. Additionally, therapeutic modulation of cECM for cardiac regeneration as well as bottom-up and top-down approaches to ECM-based cardiac tissue engineering is discussed. Finally, lingering questions regarding the role of cECM in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are offered as a catalyst for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Daley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Spencer L Fenn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Career Development, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chlasta J, Milani P, Runel G, Duteyrat JL, Arias L, Lamiré LA, Boudaoud A, Grammont M. Variations in basement membrane mechanics are linked to epithelial morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:4350-4362. [PMID: 29038305 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of morphogenesis by the basement membrane (BM) may rely on changes in its mechanical properties. To test this, we developed an atomic force microscopy-based method to measure BM mechanical stiffness during two key processes in Drosophila ovarian follicle development. First, follicle elongation depends on epithelial cells that collectively migrate, secreting BM fibrils perpendicularly to the anteroposterior axis. Our data show that BM stiffness increases during this migration and that fibril incorporation enhances BM stiffness. In addition, stiffness heterogeneity, due to oriented fibrils, is important for egg elongation. Second, epithelial cells change their shape from cuboidal to either squamous or columnar. We prove that BM softens around the squamous cells and that this softening depends on the TGFβ pathway. We also demonstrate that interactions between BM constituents are necessary for cell flattening. Altogether, these results show that BM mechanical properties are modified during development and that, in turn, such mechanical modifications influence both cell and tissue shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chlasta
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Milani
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Gaël Runel
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duteyrat
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 16 rue R. Dubois, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
| | - Leticia Arias
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie-Anne Lamiré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Grammont
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69342, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Rajaram S, Patel S, Uggini GK, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. BMP signaling regulates the skeletal and connective tissue differentiation during caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:629-638. [PMID: 28898414 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821) involves an initial wound healing stage, followed by blastema that is formed of fast proliferating cells. In order to replicate the lost fin, correct differentiation of the blastemal cells into various tissues is the prime essence. Among the molecular signals governing proper differentiation of blastemal cells, members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family are crucial. Herein, we investigated the specific effects of inhibition of BMP signaling using LDN193189 on skeletal and connective tissue formation in the regenerating tail fin of P. latipinna during early differentiation phase. It was observed that BMP inhibition leads to reduction in the length of regeneration, which can be correlated with compromised proliferation of blastemal cells. Decreased expression of cell proliferation marker like pcna together with reduced BrdU positive cells consolidate the above observation. Further, histological analysis revealed stunted progression of skeletal tissues and this correlated with the reduced expression of sox9, runx2 and dlx5, Osc and Osn genes in response to BMP inhibition. Also, defective bone patterning was observed due to BMP inhibition, which was associated with diminished levels of shh, ptc-1, gli2 and other BMP ligands. Moreover, histochemical analysis revealed that collagen, one of the most prominent components of connective tissue, was formed below par in treated fin tissues which was subsequently confirmed by biochemical and transcript level analyses. Overall our results highlight the importance of the BMP pathway in proper differentiation of skeletal and connective tissues during the differentiation stage of regenerating caudal fin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Rajaram
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Gowri Kumari Uggini
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Isha Desai
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, VallabhVidhya Nagar, 388120, Anand, India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Capobianco A, Cottone L, Monno A, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. The peritoneum: healing, immunity, and diseases. J Pathol 2017; 243:137-147. [PMID: 28722107 DOI: 10.1002/path.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneum defines a confined microenvironment, which is stable under normal conditions, but is exposed to the damaging effect of infections, surgical injuries, and other neoplastic and non-neoplastic events. Its response to damage includes the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of a variety of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In physiological conditions, effective responses to injuries are organized; inflammatory triggers are eliminated; inflammation quickly abates; and the normal tissue architecture is restored. However, if inflammatory triggers are not cleared, fibrosis or scarring occurs and impaired tissue function ultimately leads to organ failure. Autoimmune serositis is characterized by the persistence of self-antigens and a relapsing clinical pattern. Peritoneal carcinomatosis and endometriosis are characterized by the persistence of cancer cells or ectopic endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. Some of the molecular signals orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peritoneum have been identified in the last few years. Alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages was shown to guide angiogenesis and fibrosis, and could represent a novel target for molecular intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge of the alterations to the immune response in the peritoneal environment, highlighting the ambiguous role played by persistently activated reparative macrophages in the pathogenesis of common human diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Capobianco
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cottone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,University College London, Genetics and Cell Biology of Sarcoma Group, London, UK
| | - Antonella Monno
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Ray A, Slama ZM, Morford RK, Madden SA, Provenzano PP. Enhanced Directional Migration of Cancer Stem Cells in 3D Aligned Collagen Matrices. Biophys J 2017; 112:1023-1036. [PMID: 28297639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration by contact guidance in aligned collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical enabler of breast cancer dissemination. The mechanisms of this process are poorly understood, particularly in 3D, in part because of the lack of efficient methods to generate aligned collagen matrices. To address this technological gap, we propose a simple method to align collagen gels using guided cellular compaction. Our method yields highly aligned, acellular collagen constructs with predictable microstructural features, thus providing a controlled microenvironment for in vitro experiments. Quantifying cell behavior in these anisotropic constructs, we find that breast carcinoma cells are acutely sensitive to the direction and extent of collagen alignment. Further, live cell imaging and analysis of 3D cell migration reveals that alignment of collagen does not alter the total motility of breast cancer cells, but simply redirects their migration to produce largely one-dimensional movement. However, a profoundly enhanced motility in aligned collagen matrices is observed for the subpopulation of carcinoma cells with high tumor initiating and metastatic capacity, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Analysis of the biophysical determinants of cell migration show that nuclear deformation is not a critical factor associated with the observed increases in motility for CSCs. Rather, smaller cell size, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, and increased protrusive activity emerge as vital facilitators of rapid, contact-guided migration of CSCs in aligned 3D collagen matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zachary M Slama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel K Morford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samantha A Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Crest J, Diz-Muñoz A, Chen DY, Fletcher DA, Bilder D. Organ sculpting by patterned extracellular matrix stiffness. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28653906 PMCID: PMC5503509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How organ-shaping mechanical imbalances are generated is a central question of morphogenesis, with existing paradigms focusing on asymmetric force generation within cells. We show here that organs can be sculpted instead by patterning anisotropic resistance within their extracellular matrix (ECM). Using direct biophysical measurements of elongating Drosophila egg chambers, we document robust mechanical anisotropy in the ECM-based basement membrane (BM) but not in the underlying epithelium. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) on wild-type BM in vivo reveals an anterior–posterior (A–P) symmetric stiffness gradient, which fails to develop in elongation-defective mutants. Genetic manipulation shows that the BM is instructive for tissue elongation and the determinant is relative rather than absolute stiffness, creating differential resistance to isotropic tissue expansion. The stiffness gradient requires morphogen-like signaling to regulate BM incorporation, as well as planar-polarized organization to homogenize it circumferentially. Our results demonstrate how fine mechanical patterning in the ECM can guide cells to shape an organ. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24958.001 All organs have specific shapes and architectures that are necessary for them to work properly. Many different factors are responsible for arranging the right cells into the correct positions to make an organ. These include physical forces that act within and around cells to pull them into the right shape and location. A structure called the extracellular matrix surrounds cells and provides them with support; it can also guide cell movements. It is not clear whether the extracellular matrix plays only a passive role or a more active, instructive role in shaping organs, in part, because it is difficult to measure the physical forces within densely packed cells. The ovaries of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provide a simple system in which to study how organs take their shape. Crest et al. developed a method to measure forces in the fly ovary as it changes from being an initially spherical group of cells to its final elongated tube shape. The results revealed that, during this process, the extracellular matrix becomes gradually stiffer from one end of the ovary to the other. This change is the main factor responsible for the cell rearrangements that shape the developing organ. This work reveals that, along with providing structural support to cells, the mechanical properties of the matrix also actively guide how organs form. In the future, these findings may aid efforts to grow organs in a laboratory and to regenerate organs in human patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24958.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Crest
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Dong-Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Daley WP, Matsumoto K, Doyle AD, Wang S, DuChez BJ, Holmbeck K, Yamada KM. RETRACTED: Btbd7 is essential for region-specific epithelial cell dynamics and branching morphogenesis in vivo. Development 2017; 144:2200-2211. [PMID: 28506999 PMCID: PMC5482991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis of developing organs requires coordinated but poorly understood changes in epithelial cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. We report that Btbd7 is a crucial regulator of branching morphogenesis in vivo. Btbd7 levels are elevated in peripheral cells of branching epithelial end buds, where it enhances cell motility and cell-cell adhesion dynamics. Genetic ablation of Btbd7 in mice disrupts branching morphogenesis of salivary gland, lung and kidney. Btbd7 knockout results in more tightly packed outer bud cells, which display stronger E-cadherin localization, reduced cell motility and decreased dynamics of transient cell separations associated with cleft formation; inner bud cells remain unaffected. Mechanistic analyses using in vitro MDCK cells to mimic outer bud cell behavior establish that Btbd7 promotes loss of E-cadherin from cell-cell adhesions with enhanced migration and transient cell separation. Btbd7 can enhance E-cadherin ubiquitination, internalization, and degradation in MDCK and peripheral bud cells for regulating cell dynamics. These studies show how a specific regulatory molecule, Btbd7, can function at a local region of developing organs to regulate dynamics of cell adhesion and motility during epithelial branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Daley
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazue Matsumoto
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian J DuChez
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenn Holmbeck
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Milberg O, Shitara A, Ebrahim S, Masedunskas A, Tora M, Tran DT, Chen Y, Conti MA, Adelstein RS, Ten Hagen KG, Weigert R. Concerted actions of distinct nonmuscle myosin II isoforms drive intracellular membrane remodeling in live animals. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1925-1936. [PMID: 28600434 PMCID: PMC5496622 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Milberg
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Muhibullah Tora
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Anne Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD .,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Dor-On E, Raviv S, Cohen Y, Adir O, Padmanabhan K, Luxenburg C. T-plastin is essential for basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/481/eaal3154. [PMID: 28559444 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of epithelial architecture is a complex process involving cross-talk between cells and the basement membrane. Basement membrane assembly requires integrin activity but the role of the associated actomyosin cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here, we identify the actin-bundling protein T-plastin (Pls3) as a regulator of basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. In utero depletion of Pls3 transcripts in mouse embryos caused basement membrane and polarity defects in the epidermis but had little effect on cell adhesion and differentiation. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the apicobasal polarity defects were secondary to the disruption of the basement membrane. However, the basement membrane itself was profoundly sensitive to subtle perturbations in the actin cytoskeleton. We further show that Pls3 localized to the cell cortex, where it was essential for the localization and activation of myosin II. Inhibition of myosin II motor activity disrupted basement membrane organization. Our results provide insights into the regulation of cortical actomyosin and its importance for basement membrane assembly and skin morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dor-On
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Cummings CF, Pedchenko V, Brown KL, Colon S, Rafi M, Jones-Paris C, Pokydeshava E, Liu M, Pastor-Pareja JC, Stothers C, Ero-Tolliver IA, McCall AS, Vanacore R, Bhave G, Santoro S, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Pozzi A, Hudson BG. Extracellular chloride signals collagen IV network assembly during basement membrane formation. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:479-94. [PMID: 27216258 PMCID: PMC4878091 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are defining features of the cellular microenvironment; however, little is known regarding their assembly outside cells. We report that extracellular Cl(-) ions signal the assembly of collagen IV networks outside cells by triggering a conformational switch within collagen IV noncollagenous 1 (NC1) domains. Depletion of Cl(-) in cell culture perturbed collagen IV networks, disrupted matrix architecture, and repositioned basement membrane proteins. Phylogenetic evidence indicates this conformational switch is a fundamental mechanism of collagen IV network assembly throughout Metazoa. Using recombinant triple helical protomers, we prove that NC1 domains direct both protomer and network assembly and show in Drosophila that NC1 architecture is critical for incorporation into basement membranes. These discoveries provide an atomic-level understanding of the dynamic interactions between extracellular Cl(-) and collagen IV assembly outside cells, a critical step in the assembly and organization of basement membranes that enable tissue architecture and function. Moreover, this provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular pathobiology of NC1 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Vadim Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Selene Colon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mohamed Rafi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Celestial Jones-Paris
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Elena Pokydeshava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Cody Stothers
- Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Isi A Ero-Tolliver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - A Scott McCall
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Samuel Santoro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Davidson LA. Mechanical design in embryos: mechanical signalling, robustness and developmental defects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20150516. [PMID: 28348252 PMCID: PMC5379024 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos are shaped by the precise application of force against the resistant structures of multicellular tissues. Forces may be generated, guided and resisted by cells, extracellular matrix, interstitial fluids, and how they are organized and bound within the tissue's architecture. In this review, we summarize our current thoughts on the multiple roles of mechanics in direct shaping, mechanical signalling and robustness of development. Genetic programmes of development interact with environmental cues to direct the composition of the early embryo and endow cells with active force production. Biophysical advances now provide experimental tools to measure mechanical resistance and collective forces during morphogenesis and are allowing integration of this field with studies of signalling and patterning during development. We focus this review on concepts that highlight this integration, and how the unique contributions of mechanical cues and gradients might be tested side by side with conventional signalling systems. We conclude with speculation on the integration of large-scale programmes of development, and how mechanical responses may ensure robust development and serve as constraints on programmes of tissue self-assembly.This article is part of the themed issue 'Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Provenzano PP. Tug of War at the Cell-Matrix Interface. Biophys J 2017; 112:1739-1741. [PMID: 28494945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Fidler AL, Darris CE, Chetyrkin SV, Pedchenko VK, Boudko SP, Brown KL, Gray Jerome W, Hudson JK, Rokas A, Hudson BG. Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28418331 PMCID: PMC5395295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the cellular microenvironment in enabling metazoan tissue genesis remains obscure. Ctenophora has recently emerged as one of the earliest-branching extant animal phyla, providing a unique opportunity to explore the evolutionary role of the cellular microenvironment in tissue genesis. Here, we characterized the extracellular matrix (ECM), with a focus on collagen IV and its variant, spongin short-chain collagens, of non-bilaterian animal phyla. We identified basement membrane (BM) and collagen IV in Ctenophora, and show that the structural and genomic features of collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria. Yet, ctenophore features are more diverse and distinct, expressing up to twenty genes compared to six in vertebrates. Moreover, collagen IV is absent in unicellular sister-groups. Collectively, we conclude that collagen IV and its variant, spongin, are primordial components of the extracellular microenvironment, and as a component of BM, collagen IV enabled the assembly of a fundamental architectural unit for multicellular tissue genesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24176.001 The emergence of the diversity of multicellular animals involved cells joining together to form tissues and organs. The ‘glue’ that enabled the cells to work together is made of rope-like molecules called collagen, which assemble into scaffolds. These smart scaffolds tether proteins forming basement membranes that connect cells, provide strength to tissues, and transmit information that influences how the cells behave. How did collagen evolve over millions of years to enable the ever-increasing complexity, size and diversity of animals? To investigate, Fidler, Darris, Chetyrkin et al. explored the tissues of the most ancient of currently living animals – the comb jellies and sponges. This revealed that among all the collagens that make up the human body, a type called collagen IV was a key innovation that enabled single celled organisms to evolve into multicellular animals. Collagen IV, as molecular glue, enabled the formation of a fundamental architectural unit of basement membrane and cells that allowed multicellular tissues and organs to evolve. The findings presented by Fidler, Darris, Chetyrkin et al. pose questions about how collagen IV glues cells together, and how information is stored in the rope-like scaffolds to influence cell behavior. Understanding these processes could ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for diseases in which the collagen smart scaffolds play a key role, such as in kidney diseases and cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24176.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, United States
| | - Carl E Darris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sergei V Chetyrkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Vadim K Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Julie K Hudson
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Medical Education and Administration, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Ray A, Lee O, Win Z, Edwards RM, Alford PW, Kim DH, Provenzano PP. Anisotropic forces from spatially constrained focal adhesions mediate contact guidance directed cell migration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14923. [PMID: 28401884 PMCID: PMC5394287 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed migration by contact guidance is a poorly understood yet vital phenomenon, particularly for carcinoma cell invasion on aligned collagen fibres. We demonstrate that for single cells, aligned architectures providing contact guidance cues induce constrained focal adhesion maturation and associated F-actin alignment, consequently orchestrating anisotropic traction stresses that drive cell orientation and directional migration. Consistent with this understanding, relaxing spatial constraints to adhesion maturation either through reduction in substrate alignment density or reduction in adhesion size diminishes the contact guidance response. While such interactions allow single mesenchymal-like cells to spontaneously 'sense' and follow topographic alignment, intercellular interactions within epithelial clusters temper anisotropic cell-substratum forces, resulting in substantially lower directional response. Overall, these results point to the control of contact guidance by a balance of cell-substratum and cell-cell interactions, modulated by cell phenotype-specific cytoskeletal arrangements. Thus, our findings elucidate how phenotypically diverse cells perceive ECM alignment at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Oscar Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Zaw Win
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Rachel M Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Chander AC, Manak MS, Varsanik JS, Hogan BJ, Mouraviev V, Zappala SM, Sant GR, Albala DM. Rapid and Short-term Extracellular Matrix-mediated In Vitro Culturing of Tumor and Nontumor Human Primary Prostate Cells From Fresh Radical Prostatectomy Tissue. Urology 2017; 105:91-100. [PMID: 28365358 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To culture prostate cells from fresh biopsy core samples from radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue. Further, given the genetic heterogeneity of prostate cells, the ability to culture single cells from primary prostate tissue may be of importance toward enabling single-cell characterization of primary prostate tissue via molecular and cellular phenotypic biomarkers. METHODS A total of 260 consecutive tissue samples from RPs were collected between October 2014 and January 2016, transported at 4°C in serum-free media to an off-site central laboratory, dissociated, and cultured. A culture protocol, including a proprietary extracellular matrix formulation (ECMf), was developed that supports rapid and short-term single-cell culture of primary human prostate cells derived from fresh RP samples. RESULTS A total of 251 samples, derived from RP samples, yielded primary human tumor and nontumor prostate cells. Cultured cells on ECMf exhibit (1) survival after transport from the operating room to the off-site centralized laboratory, (2) robust (>80%) adhesion and survival, and (3) expression of different cell-type-specific markers. Cells derived from samples of increasing Gleason score exhibited a greater number of focal adhesions and more focal adhesion activation as measured by phospho-focal adhesion kinase (Y397) immunofluorescence when patient-derived cells were cultured on ECMf. Increased Ki67 immunofluorescence levels were observed in cells derived from cancerous RP tissue when compared to noncancerous RP tissue. CONCLUSION By utilizing a unique and defined extracellular matrix protein formulation, tumor and nontumor cells derived from primary human prostate tissue can be rapidly cultured and analyzed within 72 hours after harvesting from RP tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen M Zappala
- Department of Urology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston; Andover Urology, Andover, MA
| | - Grannum R Sant
- Department of Urology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang S, Sekiguchi R, Daley WP, Yamada KM. Patterned cell and matrix dynamics in branching morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:559-570. [PMID: 28174204 PMCID: PMC5350520 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many embryonic organs undergo branching morphogenesis to maximize their functional epithelial surface area. Branching morphogenesis requires the coordinated interplay of multiple types of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). During branching morphogenesis, new branches form by "budding" or "clefting." Cell migration, proliferation, rearrangement, deformation, and ECM dynamics have varied roles in driving budding versus clefting in different organs. Elongation of the newly formed branch and final maturation of the tip involve cellular mechanisms that include cell elongation, intercalation, convergent extension, proliferation, and differentiation. New methodologies such as high-resolution live imaging, tension sensors, and force-mapping techniques are providing exciting new opportunities for future research into branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rei Sekiguchi
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William P Daley
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Patel VN, Pineda DL, Hoffman MP. The function of heparan sulfate during branching morphogenesis. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:311-323. [PMID: 27609403 PMCID: PMC5329135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a fundamental process in the development of diverse epithelial organs such as the lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, prostate, salivary, lacrimal and mammary glands. A unifying theme during organogenesis is the importance of epithelial cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors (GFs). The diverse developmental mechanisms giving rise to these epithelial organs involve many organ-specific GFs, but a unifying paradigm during organogenesis is the regulation of GF activity by heparan sulfates (HS) on the cell surface and in the ECM. This primarily involves the interactions of GFs with the sulfated side-chains of HS proteoglycans. HS is one of the most diverse biopolymers and modulates GF binding and signaling at the cell surface and in the ECM of all tissues. Here, we review what is known about how HS regulates branching morphogenesis of epithelial organs with emphasis on the developing salivary gland, which is a classic model to investigate epithelial-ECM interactions. We also address the structure, biosynthesis, turnover and function of HS during organogenesis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control HS dynamics may aid in the development of therapeutic interventions for diseases and novel strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dallas L Pineda
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|