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Adekambi SA, Okello JJ, Rajendran S, Acheremu K, Carey EE, Low J, Abidin PE. Effect of varietal attributes on the adoption of an orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety in Upper East and Northern Ghana. OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE 2020; 49:311-320. [PMID: 33239831 PMCID: PMC7649934 DOI: 10.1177/0030727020950324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite sustained economic growth and reduction in some of forms of malnutrition, Ghana still faces a national prevalence rate of 20.8% vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among for children 6-59 months old. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) (OFSP) can significantly improve vitamin A intake and contribute toward reducing VAD, especially in Northern Ghana where VAD is 31% among young children. Several poverty and nutrition projects in Ghana have promoted the use of OFSP for its health benefits. This study assesses the effect of three varietial attributes on adoption of the first released OFSP variety in Northern Ghana namely, Apomuden. The study concluded that sweetness, taste and dry matter have joint significant effects on adoption of an OFSP variety. The positive and negative traits highlighted will inform the on-going breeding effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Adekambi
- University Institute of Technology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - JJ Okello
- Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, CIP, Kampala, Uganda
| | - S Rajendran
- International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K Acheremu
- CSIR Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana
| | - EE Carey
- International Potato Center (CIP), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - J Low
- International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - PE Abidin
- International Potato Center (CIP), Kumasi, Ghana
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Gemenet DC, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, De Boeck B, da Silva Pereira G, Mollinari M, Zeng ZB, Craig Yencho G, Campos H. Sequencing depth and genotype quality: accuracy and breeding operation considerations for genomic selection applications in autopolyploid crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3345-3363. [PMID: 32876753 PMCID: PMC7567692 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Polypoid crop breeders can balance resources between density and sequencing depth, dosage information and fewer highly informative SNPs recommended, non-additive models and QTL advantages on prediction dependent on trait architecture. The autopolyploid nature of potato and sweetpotato ensures a wide range of meiotic configurations and linkage phases leading to complex gene-action and pose problems in genotype data quality and genomic selection analyses. We used a 315-progeny biparental F1 population of hexaploid sweetpotato and a diversity panel of 380 tetraploid potato, genotyped using different platforms to answer the following questions: (i) do polyploid crop breeders need to invest more for additional sequencing depth? (ii) how many markers are required to make selection decisions? (iii) does considering non-additive genetic effects improve predictive ability (PA)? (iv) does considering dosage or quantitative trait loci (QTL) offer significant improvement to PA? Our results show that only a small number of highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ≤ 1000) are adequate for prediction in the type of populations we analyzed. We also show that considering dosage information and models considering only additive effects had the best PA for most traits, while the comparative advantage of considering non-additive genetic effects and including known QTL in the predictive model depended on trait architecture. We conclude that genomic selection can help accelerate the rate of genetic gains in potato and sweetpotato. However, application of genomic selection should be considered as part of optimizing the entire breeding program. Additionally, since the predictions in the current study are based on single populations, further studies on the effects of haplotype structure and inheritance on PA should be studied in actual multi-generation breeding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcus C Gemenet
- International Potato Center, ILRI Campus, P.O. Box 25171-00603, Nairobi, Kenya.
- CGIAR Excellence in Breeding Platform, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Bert De Boeck
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Zhao-Bang Zeng
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - G Craig Yencho
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hugo Campos
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
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Udomkun P, Masso C, Swennen R, Wossen T, Amah D, Fotso A, Lienou J, Adesokan M, Njukwe E, Vanlauwe B. Variability of provitamin A carotenoids in plantain: Influence of cultivar, bunch type, maturation stage, and location. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bocher TF, Okello JJ, Sindi K, Nshimiyimana JC, Muzhingi T, Low JW. Do Market-oriented Engendered Agriculture-health Interventions Affect Household Nutrition Outcomes: Evidence from an Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato Project in Rwanda. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 60:304-323. [PMID: 33251865 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1845165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of agricultural interventions promoting biofortified crops as a strategy to combat micronutrient malnutrition have increased significantly during the past decade. These interventions aim to improve the intake of key nutrients and sometimes other nutrition outcomes. In this study, we assess the impact of a market-oriented gender-sensitive agriculture-health project on household food consumption and food security. We use gender-disaggregated data from 842 sweetpotato farmers and a series of econometric techniques to assess the project's impact on food consumption household food security. The study finds unambiguous and strong impact of the project on both household food consumption and food security. Moreover, female-headed participant households benefitted much more from participation than did male-headed households. We further find that nonparticipant households would also have benefitted had they participated. The findings imply the importance of designing market-focused projects with a gender lens. They also imply that market-oriented agriculture-sensitive interventions do not necessarily harm the nutritional status of farm households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen F Bocher
- Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, International Potato Center, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Julius Juma Okello
- Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, International Potato Center, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kirimi Sindi
- Crop and Systems Sciences Division, International Potato Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Tawanda Muzhingi
- Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan W Low
- Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya
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Production of a Complementary Food: Influence of Cowpea Soaking Time on the Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of the Cassava-Cowpea-Orange-Fleshed Potato Blends. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:8873341. [PMID: 33195686 PMCID: PMC7641669 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8873341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soaking and incorporation of legumes for fortification are essential to a complementary food production process. Cassava, orange-fleshed potato, and cowpeas are sustainably cheap, locally available, and underutilized for food biofortification. This study investigated the effect of cowpea soaking time (3, 6, and 9 h) on different composition ratios of cassava, cowpea, and orange-fleshed sweet potato (CCP) blends (50 : 40 : 10 (EC), 50 : 30 : 20 (FC), 50 : 20 : 30 (GC), and 50 : 50 : 0 (HC)). Each blend was assayed for pH, antinutrient, antioxidant, and proximate contents. Results obtained showed that the CCP blends were significantly influenced by the length of cowpea soaking. Moisture and fiber content decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased steeping time (3 to 9 h) for the cassava-cowpea-OFSP blends. The blends were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) in terms of their protein, fiber, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents. The moisture content of the EC blend was significantly different from only FC and HC blends, respectively. Six (6) hours of soaking showed no significant difference in the nutritional composition of the flour samples compared with 9 hours. The soaking length optimizes the health and nutrient-promoting factors in the various blend samples while also reaffirming cowpeas as a viable biofortification option for use in complementary food production.
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Jongstra R, Mwangi MN, Burgos G, Zeder C, Low JW, Mzembe G, Liria R, Penny M, Andrade MI, Fairweather-Tait S, Zum Felde T, Campos H, Phiri KS, Zimmermann MB, Wegmüller R. Iron Absorption from Iron-Biofortified Sweetpotato Is Higher Than Regular Sweetpotato in Malawian Women while Iron Absorption from Regular and Iron-Biofortified Potatoes Is High in Peruvian Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:3094-3102. [PMID: 33188398 PMCID: PMC7726126 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetpotato and potato are fast-maturing staple crops and widely consumed in low- and middle-income countries. Conventional breeding to biofortify these crops with iron could improve iron intakes. To our knowledge, iron absorption from sweetpotato and potato has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess iron absorption from regular and iron-biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Malawi and yellow-fleshed potato and iron-biofortified purple-fleshed potato in Peru. METHODS We conducted 2 randomized, multiple-meal studies in generally healthy, iron-depleted women of reproductive age. Malawian women (n = 24) received 400 g regular or biofortified sweetpotato test meals and Peruvian women (n = 35) received 500 g regular or biofortified potato test meals. Women consumed the meals at breakfast for 2 wk and were then crossed over to the other variety. We labeled the test meals with 57Fe or 58Fe and measured cumulative erythrocyte incorporation of the labels 14 d after completion of each test-meal sequence to calculate iron absorption. Iron absorption was compared by paired-sample t tests. RESULTS The regular and biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meals contained 0.55 and 0.97 mg Fe/100 g. Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption (FIA) was 5.82% (3.79%, 8.95%) and 6.02% (4.51%, 8.05%), respectively (P = 0.81), resulting in 1.9-fold higher total iron absorption (TIA) from biofortified sweetpotato (P < 0.001). The regular and biofortified potato test meals contained 0.33 and 0.69 mg Fe/100 g. FIA was 28.4% (23.5%, 34.2%) from the regular yellow-fleshed and 13.3% (10.6%, 16.6%) from the biofortified purple-fleshed potato meals, respectively (P < 0.001), resulting in no significant difference in TIA (P = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS FIA from regular yellow-fleshed potato was remarkably high, at 28%. Iron absorbed from both potato test meals covered 33% of the daily absorbed iron requirement for women of reproductive age, while the biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meal covered 18% of this requirement. High polyphenol concentrations were likely the major inhibitors of iron absorption. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03840031 (Malawi) and NCT04216030 (Peru).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin N Mwangi
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gabriela Burgos
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Christophe Zeder
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan W Low
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Glory Mzembe
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Reyna Liria
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Thomas Zum Felde
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo Campos
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Kamija S Phiri
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Wegmüller
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland,GroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland
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Van Der Straeten D, Bhullar NK, De Steur H, Gruissem W, MacKenzie D, Pfeiffer W, Qaim M, Slamet-Loedin I, Strobbe S, Tohme J, Trijatmiko KR, Vanderschuren H, Van Montagu M, Zhang C, Bouis H. Multiplying the efficiency and impact of biofortification through metabolic engineering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5203. [PMID: 33060603 PMCID: PMC7567076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ending all forms of hunger by 2030, as set forward in the UN-Sustainable Development Goal 2 (UN-SDG2), is a daunting but essential task, given the limited timeline ahead and the negative global health and socio-economic impact of hunger. Malnutrition or hidden hunger due to micronutrient deficiencies affects about one third of the world population and severely jeopardizes economic development. Staple crop biofortification through gene stacking, using a rational combination of conventional breeding and metabolic engineering strategies, should enable a leap forward within the coming decade. A number of specific actions and policy interventions are proposed to reach this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Navreet K Bhullar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Matin Qaim
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, Platz der Goettinger Sieben 5, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joe Tohme
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Tropical Crop Improvement Lab, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Montagu
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Howarth Bouis
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
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Oloniyo RO, Omoba OS, Awolu OO, Olagunju AI. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes composite bread: A good carrier of beta (β)-carotene and antioxidant properties. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13423. [PMID: 32812248 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is one of the unique varieties of sweet potatoes tuber that has attracted food professionals due to its great health benefits. This study investigates into β-carotene and antioxidant properties of OFSP composite bread. Random Surface Methodology was used for the experimental design. Analysis carried out on the bread includes antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity, protein & β-carotene retention/losses, glycemic index, and sensory evaluation. Total phenol ranged from 7.32 to 21.93 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid ranged between 6.12 and 13.20 mg QE/g and FRAP ranged from 12.31 to 40.36 mg AEE/g. The estimated glycemic index ranged from 51.42% to 72.80%. The value of β-carotene before and after processing ranged from 15.4 to 39.1 mg/100 g and 8.9 to 18.4 mg/100 g, respectively. OFSP composite bread has high antioxidant potential and may be used as functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) is a novel variety of sweet potatoes that have been sight-saw to owe numerous health benefits in terms of vitamins, minerals, β-carotene, antioxidants but it is low in protein. Incorporation of plant protein will help to increase its protein content and enhance its utilization in confectionery industries as a good carrier for antioxidants and other health benefits components.
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Bararyenya A, Tukamuhabwa P, Gibson P, Grüneberg W, Ssali R, Low J, Odong T, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Talwana H, Mwila N, Mwanga R. Continuous Storage Root Formation and Bulking in Sweetpotato. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:83. [PMID: 32537562 PMCID: PMC7267719 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12895.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenotypic variation of continuous storage root formation and bulking (CSRFAB) growth patterns underlying the development of sweetpotato genotypes for identification of potential varieties adapted to piecemeal harvesting for small scale farmers. The research was conducted between September 2016 and August 2017 in Uganda. Genotypes from two distinct sweetpotato genepool populations (Population Uganda A and Population Uganda B) comprising 130 genotypes, previously separated using 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Measurements (4 harvest times with 4 plants each) were repeated on genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in 2 locations for 2 seasons. We developed a scoring scale of 1 to 9 and used it to compare growth changes between consecutive harvests. Data analysis was done using residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Data showed a non-linear growth pattern within and between locations, seasons, and genotypes for most traits. Some genotypes displayed early initiation and increase of bulking, while others showed late initiation. Broad sense heritability of CSRFAB was low due to large GxE interactions but higher in other traits probably due to high genetic influence and the effectiveness of the methodology. A high level of reproducibility (89%) was observed comparing 2016B and 2017A seasons (A and B are first and second season, respectively) at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda. Choosing CSRFAB genotypes can more than double the sweetpotato production (average maximum yield of 13.1 t/ha for discontinuous storage root formation and bulking (DSRFAB) versus 28.6 t/ha for CSRFAB, demonstrating the importance of this underresearched component of storage root yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astere Bararyenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Phinehas Tukamuhabwa
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Paul Gibson
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Wolfgang Grüneberg
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Reuben Ssali
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
| | - Jan Low
- Economics, International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Nairobi, ILRI Campus Naivasha Rd, 25171-00603 Lavington, Kenya
| | - Thomas Odong
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Herbert Talwana
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Natasha Mwila
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Robert Mwanga
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
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Mwiti FK, Okello JJ, Munei K, Low J. Farmer demand for clean planting material of biofortified and non-biofortified vegetatively propagated crop varieties: The case of sweetpotato. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Adekambi S, Okello J, Abidin P, Carey E. Effect of exposure to biofortified crops on smallholder farm household adoption decisions: The case of orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Ghana and Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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63
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Biofortified Crops for Combating Hidden Hunger in South Africa: Availability, Acceptability, Micronutrient Retention and Bioavailability. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060815. [PMID: 32575819 PMCID: PMC7353603 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many poorer parts of the world, biofortification is a strategy that increases the concentration of target nutrients in staple food crops, mainly by genetic manipulation, to alleviate prevalent nutrient deficiencies. We reviewed the (i) prevalence of vitamin A, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies; (ii) availability of vitamin A, iron and Zn biofortified crops, and their acceptability in South Africa. The incidence of vitamin A and iron deficiency among children below five years old is 43.6% and 11%, respectively, while the risk of Zn deficiency is 45.3% among children aged 1 to 9 years. Despite several strategies being implemented to address the problem, including supplementation and commercial fortification, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is still high. Biofortification has resulted in the large-scale availability of βcarotene-rich orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP), while provitamin A biofortified maize and Zn and/or iron biofortified common beans are at development stages. Agronomic biofortification is being investigated to enhance yields and concentrations of target nutrients in crops grown in agriculturally marginal environments. The consumer acceptability of OFSP and provitamin A biofortified maize were higher among children compared to adults. Accelerating the development of other biofortified staple crops to increase their availability, especially to the target population groups, is essential. Nutrition education should be integrated with community health programmes to improve the consumption of the biofortified crops, coupled with further research to develop suitable recipes/formulations for biofortified foods.
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Yu J, Su Y, Sun J, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang B. Selection of stable reference genes for gene expression analysis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101610. [PMID: 32522510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis is one of the most common and important studies in biology and biomedicine. No matter for traditional blotting analysis or currently commonly used PCR strategy, all need a stable reference gene for normalizing the gene expression. To screen and select housekeeping genes as the most stable reference genes, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to analyze the expression of sixteen commonly used reference genes (IbelF, Ibα-tubulin, IbHIS, IbCOX, IbGAPDH, IbH2B1, IbARF, IbCYC, Ibβ-tubulin, IbACT, IbEFl-a, IbG14, IbPLD, IbRPL2, IbUBQ, IbUBI) in five different tissues under two different temperature stresses in sweet potato. Data analysis by the Delta CT, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper programs revealed that IbelF is the most stable gene and IbUBI is the least stable gene as reference. Our study also shows that combination of two or more genes as reference is a better choice, rendering more substantiated expression data for comparison. This study provides evidence for selecting reference genes in sweet potato gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Yu Su
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Jianying Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Jingran Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
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Lagerkvist CJ, Mutiso JM, Okello JJ, Muoki P, Oluoch-Kosura W, Heck S. Predictors of Intention to Integrate Biofortified Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato in Child Feeding: A Field Information Experiment in Rural Kenya. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 59:615-638. [PMID: 32406767 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1759576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study assesses the psychosocial predictors of intention to integrate biofortified pro-vitamin A orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) in proper complementary feeding (PCF) among women who received either verbal or verbal and visual demonstrations on OFSP-based foods. A total of 764 randomly selected women grouped into four categories, namely pregnant women, women with infants, women with young children, and potential mothers, participated in this study. Using a structural equation model of predicted intentions based on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) the study found goal-setting, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, and attitudes had a significant influence on intention to integrate OFSP in PCF. Unexpectedly, knowledge of the various health benefits of OFSP did not positively influence intention. Probabilistic recursive regression was then used to estimate the relationship between the intention to provide PCF practices and its potential antecedents. The results then showed that the model structure and explanatory power was information-specific and also revealing outcome differences by category of women. These results have implications on how interventions targeting the improvement of PCF should be organized and delivered. They underscore the need to segment the audience during nutrition education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Johan Lagerkvist
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet Mwende Mutiso
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Juma Okello
- Social & Nutrition Sciences Division, International Potato Centre , Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Simon Heck
- International Potato Centre , Nairobi, Kenya
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Low JW, Ortiz R, Vandamme E, Andrade M, Biazin B, Grüneberg WJ. Nutrient-Dense Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato: Advances in Drought-Tolerance Breeding and Understanding of Management Practices for Sustainable Next-Generation Cropping Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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67
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Multiple QTL Mapping in Autopolyploids: A Random-Effect Model Approach with Application in a Hexaploid Sweetpotato Full-Sib Population. Genetics 2020; 215:579-595. [PMID: 32371382 PMCID: PMC7337090 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, the sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. [Formula: see text], is an important autopolyploid species, both socially and economically. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping has remained limited due to its genetic complexity. Current fixed-effect models can fit only a single QTL and are generally hard to interpret. Here, we report the use of a random-effect model approach to map multiple QTL based on score statistics in a sweetpotato biparental population ('Beauregard' × 'Tanzania') with 315 full-sibs. Phenotypic data were collected for eight yield component traits in six environments in Peru, and jointly adjusted means were obtained using mixed-effect models. An integrated linkage map consisting of 30,684 markers distributed along 15 linkage groups (LGs) was used to obtain the genotype conditional probabilities of putative QTL at every centiMorgan position. Multiple interval mapping was performed using our R package QTLpoly and detected a total of 13 QTL, ranging from none to four QTL per trait, which explained up to 55% of the total variance. Some regions, such as those on LGs 3 and 15, were consistently detected among root number and yield traits, and provided a basis for candidate gene search. In addition, some QTL were found to affect commercial and noncommercial root traits distinctly. Further best linear unbiased predictions were decomposed into additive allele effects and were used to compute multiple QTL-based breeding values for selection. Together with quantitative genotyping and its appropriate usage in linkage analyses, this QTL mapping methodology will facilitate the use of genomic tools in sweetpotato breeding as well as in other autopolyploids.
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68
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Gurmu F, Shimelis H, Laing M, Mashilo J. Genotype-by-environment interaction analysis of nutritional composition in newly-developed sweetpotato clones. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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69
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Watkins JL, Pogson BJ. Prospects for Carotenoid Biofortification Targeting Retention and Catabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:501-512. [PMID: 31956035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the ongoing prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in developing countries there has been a large effort towards increasing the carotenoid content of staple foods via biofortification. Common strategies used for carotenoid biofortification include altering flux through the biosynthesis pathway to direct synthesis to a specific product, generally β-carotene, or via increasing the expression of genes early in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Recently, carotenoid biofortification strategies are turning towards increasing the retention of carotenoids in plant tissues either via altering sequestration within the cell or via downregulating enzymes known to cause degradation of carotenoids. To date, little attention has focused on increasing the stability of carotenoids, which may be a promising method of increasing carotenoid content in staple foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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70
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Gemenet DC, Kitavi MN, David M, Ndege D, Ssali RT, Swanckaert J, Makunde G, Yencho GC, Gruneberg W, Carey E, Mwanga RO, Andrade MI, Heck S, Campos H. Development of diagnostic SNP markers for quality assurance and control in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] breeding programs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232173. [PMID: 32330201 PMCID: PMC7182229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality assurance and control (QA/QC) is an essential element of a breeding program's optimization efforts towards increased genetic gains. Due to auto-hexaploid genome complexity, a low-cost marker platform for routine QA/QC in sweetpotato breeding programs is still unavailable. We used 662 parents of the International Potato Center (CIP)'s global breeding program spanning Peru, Uganda, Mozambique and Ghana, to develop a low-density highly informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker set to be deployed for routine QA/QC. Segregation of the selected 30 SNPs (two SNPs per base chromosome) in a recombined breeding population was evaluated using 282 progeny from some of the parents above. The progeny were replicated from in-vitro, screenhouse and field, and the selected SNP-set was confirmed to identify relatively similar mislabeling error rates as a high density SNP-set of 10,159 markers. Six additional trait-specific markers were added to the selected SNP set from previous quantitative trait loci mapping studies. The 36-SNP set will be deployed for QA/QC in breeding pipelines and in fingerprinting of advanced clones or released varieties to monitor genetic gains in famers' fields. The study also enabled evaluation of CIP's global breeding population structure and the effect of some of the most devastating stresses like sweetpotato virus disease on genetic variation management. These results will inform future deployment of genomic selection in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercy N. Kitavi
- International Potato Center (CIP), ILRI Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maria David
- International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado, Lima, Peru
| | - Dorcah Ndege
- International Potato Center (CIP), ILRI Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - G. Craig Yencho
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Edward Carey
- International Potato Center (CIP), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Simon Heck
- International Potato Center (CIP), ILRI Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hugo Campos
- International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado, Lima, Peru
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Ahmar S, Gill RA, Jung KH, Faheem A, Qasim MU, Mubeen M, Zhou W. Conventional and Molecular Techniques from Simple Breeding to Speed Breeding in Crop Plants: Recent Advances and Future Outlook. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2590. [PMID: 32276445 PMCID: PMC7177917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. In plant breeding, the development of improved crop varieties is limited by the very long crop duration. Given the many phases of crossing, selection, and testing involved in the production of new plant varieties, it can take one or two decades to create a new cultivar. One possible way of alleviating food scarcity problems and increasing food security is to develop improved plant varieties rapidly. Traditional farming methods practiced since quite some time have decreased the genetic variability of crops. To improve agronomic traits associated with yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants, several conventional and molecular approaches have been used, including genetic selection, mutagenic breeding, somaclonal variations, whole-genome sequence-based approaches, physical maps, and functional genomic tools. However, recent advances in genome editing technology using programmable nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have opened the door to a new plant breeding era. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of crop breeding, plant breeders and researchers around the world are using novel strategies such as speed breeding, genome editing tools, and high-throughput phenotyping. In this review, we summarize recent findings on several aspects of crop breeding to describe the evolution of plant breeding practices, from traditional to modern speed breeding combined with genome editing tools, which aim to produce crop generations with desired traits annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (S.A.); (M.U.Q.)
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Aroosha Faheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Biosensor, College of Life Sciences Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair Qasim
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (S.A.); (M.U.Q.)
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bararyenya A, Tukamuhabwa P, Gibson P, Grüneberg W, Ssali R, Low J, Odong T, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Talwana H, Mwila N, Mwanga R. Continuous Storage Root Formation and Bulking in Sweetpotato. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:83. [PMID: 32537562 PMCID: PMC7267719 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12895.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenotypic variation of continuous storage root formation and bulking (CSRFAB) growth patterns underlying the development of sweetpotato genotypes for identification of potential varieties adapted to piecemeal harvesting for small scale farmers. The research was conducted between September 2016 and August 2017 in Uganda. Genotypes from two distinct sweetpotato genepool populations (Population Uganda A and Population Uganda B) comprising 130 genotypes, previously separated using 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Measurements (4 harvest times with 4 plants each) were repeated on genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in 2 locations for 2 seasons. We developed a scoring scale of 1 to 9 and used it to compare growth changes between consecutive harvests. Data analysis was done using residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) in GenStat 18th Edition. There were strong linear and quadratic trends over time (P<0.001) indicating a non-linear growth pattern within and between locations, seasons, and genotypes for most traits. Some genotypes displayed early initiation and a determinate linear increase of bulking, while others showed late initiation following a quadratic growth pattern. Broad sense heritability of CSRFAB would be low due to large GxE interactions, however, it was relatively high (50.5%) compared to other yield related traits indicating high genetic influence and accuracy of the developed method to quantify yield overtime. A high level of reproducibility (89%) was observed comparing 2016B and 2017A seasons (A and B are first and second season, respectively) at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda. Choosing CSRFAB genotypes can more than double the sweetpotato production (average maximum yield of 13.1 t/ha for discontinuous storage root formation and bulking (DSRFAB) versus 28.6 t/ha for CSRFAB demonstrating the importance of this underresearched component of storage root yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astere Bararyenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Phinehas Tukamuhabwa
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Paul Gibson
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Wolfgang Grüneberg
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Reuben Ssali
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
| | - Jan Low
- Economics, International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Nairobi, ILRI Campus Naivasha Rd, 25171-00603 Lavington, Kenya
| | - Thomas Odong
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Herbert Talwana
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Natasha Mwila
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Robert Mwanga
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
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Gemenet DC, da Silva Pereira G, De Boeck B, Wood JC, Mollinari M, Olukolu BA, Diaz F, Mosquera V, Ssali RT, David M, Kitavi MN, Burgos G, Felde TZ, Ghislain M, Carey E, Swanckaert J, Coin LJM, Fei Z, Hamilton JP, Yada B, Yencho GC, Zeng ZB, Mwanga ROM, Khan A, Gruneberg WJ, Buell CR. Quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses reveal the genetic basis for negatively associated β-carotene and starch content in hexaploid sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:23-36. [PMID: 31595335 PMCID: PMC6952332 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE β-Carotene content in sweetpotato is associated with the Orange and phytoene synthase genes; due to physical linkage of phytoene synthase with sucrose synthase, β-carotene and starch content are negatively correlated. In populations depending on sweetpotato for food security, starch is an important source of calories, while β-carotene is an important source of provitamin A. The negative association between the two traits contributes to the low nutritional quality of sweetpotato consumed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a biparental mapping population of 315 F1 progeny generated from a cross between an orange-fleshed and a non-orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage group (LG) three (LG3) and twelve (LG12) affecting starch, β-carotene, and their correlated traits, dry matter and flesh color. Analysis of parental haplotypes indicated that these two regions acted pleiotropically to reduce starch content and increase β-carotene in genotypes carrying the orange-fleshed parental haplotype at the LG3 locus. Phytoene synthase and sucrose synthase, the rate-limiting and linked genes located within the QTL on LG3 involved in the carotenoid and starch biosynthesis, respectively, were differentially expressed in Beauregard versus Tanzania storage roots. The Orange gene, the molecular switch for chromoplast biogenesis, located within the QTL on LG12 while not differentially expressed was expressed in developing roots of the parental genotypes. We conclude that these two QTL regions act together in a cis and trans manner to inhibit starch biosynthesis in amyloplasts and enhance chromoplast biogenesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and accumulation in orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Understanding the genetic basis of this negative association between starch and β-carotene will inform future sweetpotato breeding strategies targeting sweetpotato for food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcus C Gemenet
- International Potato Center, ILRI Campus, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 25171-00603, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Bert De Boeck
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
| | - Joshua C Wood
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Bode A Olukolu
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Federico Diaz
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Maria David
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
| | - Mercy N Kitavi
- International Potato Center, ILRI Campus, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 25171-00603, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Marc Ghislain
- International Potato Center, ILRI Campus, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 25171-00603, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Lachlan J M Coin
- University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Benard Yada
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCCRI), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - G Craig Yencho
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhao-Bang Zeng
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Awais Khan
- International Potato Center, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima, Peru
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | | | - C Robin Buell
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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74
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Shikuku KM, Okello JJ, Wambugu S, Sindi K, Low JW, McEwan M. Nutrition and food security impacts of quality seeds of biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato: Quasi-experimental evidence from Tanzania. WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2019; 124:104646. [PMID: 31798205 PMCID: PMC6876675 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the nutrition and food security impacts of a project that was designed to improve availability of disease-free planting materials of biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) in rural Tanzania. Difference-in-difference and matching techniques were employed to estimate causal effects using panel data. Participation in the project increased agronomic and nutritional knowledge of households, raised uptake rate for OFSP varieties, and improved food security status. Effects on nutrition are, however, weak. These results suggest that timely access to quality seeds accompanied by a transfer of skills is important to reduce barriers to adoption of biofortified crops with resulting positive effects on the welfare of rural households. Adequate promotion of both agronomic and nutrition aspects of the technologies may enhance nutrition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Stella Wambugu
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Kirimi Sindi
- International Potato Center, Kacyiru Road St. 563, Plot No. 1490-Gasabo District, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jan W. Low
- International Potato Center, Box 25171, Nairobi 00603, Kenya
| | - Margaret McEwan
- International Potato Center, Box 25171, Nairobi 00603, Kenya
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75
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Drapal M, Fraser PD. Determination of carotenoids in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., Lam) tubers: Implications for accurate provitamin A determination in staple sturdy tuber crops. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 167:112102. [PMID: 31466009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a global health problem, which despite significant financial investments and initiatives has not been eradicated. Biofortification of staple crops with β-carotene (provitamin A) in Low Medium Income Countries (LMICs) is the approach advocated and adopted by the WHO and HarvestPlus programme. The accurate determination of β-carotene is key to the assessment of outputs from these activities. In the present study, HPLC-PDA analysis displayed superior resolving power, separating and identifying 23 carotenoids in the orange sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) variety used, including only eight carotenoids with provitamin A properties. Additionally, the results evidently displayed that the use of lyophilised material facilitated the extraction of twice the amount of pigments compared to fresh material, which impacts the precise calculation of the provitamin A content. These results highlight that yellow to orange starchy edible crops produce a wide array of carotenoids in addition to β-carotene. Biosynthetically it is clear from the intermediates and products accumulating that the β-branch of the carotenoid pathway persists in sweet potato tuber material. Collectively, the data also have implications with respect to the determination and biosynthesis of provitamin A among staple crops for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom.
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Bararyenya A, Tukamuhabwa P, Gibson P, Grüneberg W, Ssali R, Low J, Odong T, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Talwana H, Mwila N, Mwanga R. Continuous Storage Root Formation and Bulking in Sweetpotato. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:83. [PMID: 32537562 PMCID: PMC7267719 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12895.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenotypic variation of continuous storage root formation and bulking (CSRFAB) growth patterns underlying the development of sweetpotato genotypes for identification of potential varieties adapted to piecemeal harvesting for small scale farmers. The research was conducted between September 2016 and August 2017 in Uganda. Genotypes from two distinct sweetpotato genepool populations (Population Uganda A and Population Uganda B) comprising 130 genotypes, previously separated using 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Measurements (4 harvest times with 4 plants each) were repeated on genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in 2 locations for 2 seasons. We developed a scoring scale of 1 to 9 and used it to compare growth changes between consecutive harvests. Data analysis was done using residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) in GenStat 18th Edition. There were strong linear and quadratic trends over time (P<0.001) indicating a non-linear growth pattern within and between locations, seasons, and genotypes for most traits. Some genotypes displayed early initiation and a determinate linear increase of bulking, while others showed late initiation following a quadratic growth pattern. Broad sense heritability of CSRFAB would be low due to large GxE interactions, however, it was relatively high (50.5%) compared to other yield related traits indicating high genetic influence and accuracy of the developed method to quantify yield overtime. A high level of reproducibility (89%) was observed comparing 2017A and 2017B seasons (A and B are first and second season, respectively) at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda. Choosing CSRFAB genotypes can more than double the sweetpotato production (average maximum yield of 13.1 t/ha for discontinuous storage root formation and bulking (DSRFAB) versus 28.6 t/ha for CSRFAB demonstrating the importance of this underresearched component of storage root yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astere Bararyenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Phinehas Tukamuhabwa
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Paul Gibson
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Wolfgang Grüneberg
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Reuben Ssali
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
| | - Jan Low
- Economics, International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Nairobi, ILRI Campus Naivasha Rd, 25171-00603 Lavington, Kenya
| | - Thomas Odong
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Herbert Talwana
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Natasha Mwila
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Robert Mwanga
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
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77
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Roberts DP, Mattoo AK. Sustainable Crop Production Systems and Human Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Darnton-Hill I. Public Health Aspects in the Prevention and Control of Vitamin Deficiencies. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz075. [PMID: 31598578 PMCID: PMC6775441 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies remain major etiological factors in the global burden of disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review was to update current information on deficiencies of vitamins and public health approaches to addressing them. Some stages of life present a higher risk of deficiency than others: risks are higher in pregnant women, children (from conception to young childhood), adolescents, the elderly, and all of the over 800 million people globally who are undernourished. At risk are approximately 125 million preschool children with vitamin A deficiency, as well as sub-populations at risk of deficiencies of folate, thiamin, vitamin B12, niacin, riboflavin, other B vitamins. and vitamin D. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies requires identifying those at risk and then working to prevent and manage that risk. Public health approaches include improved, diversified diets; supplementation; fortification and biofortification; and other supportive public health measures. Historically, as with pellagra and beriberi and, in the last 3 decades, with vitamin A and folic acid, there has been encouraging progress, but much remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Darnton-Hill
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 021111, USA
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Govender L, Pillay K, Siwela M, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Consumer Perceptions and Acceptability of Traditional Dishes Prepared with Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1577. [PMID: 31336921 PMCID: PMC6682973 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in South Africa, particularly among predominantly poor rural communities. Provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified crops could be used to address VAD; however, there are challenges of poor consumer acceptability. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP) with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), respectively, on consumer acceptability and perceptions of traditional dishes of rural communities in South Africa. Consumer acceptability of PVA-biofortified phutu (a crumbly maize porridge) served with either curried cabbage, chicken or bambara groundnut, separately, and boiled OFSP was evaluated by black South African adults (n = 120) using a five-point facial hedonic scale. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 56 subjects recruited from the consumer panel to assess consumer perceptions of the food samples. The majority of the participants rated the composite dishes containing PVA-biofortified phutu as "4 = good" and the acceptability of the composite dishes varied significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to other age groups, the 50-59-year age group showed higher preference for white phutu and chicken curry, whereas the 30-39-year age group showed higher preference for PVA-biofortified phutu and chicken curry. The acceptability of OFSP and CFSP was similar. The study participants showed positive perceptions of the OFSP, as well as PVA-biofortified phutu if served with either curried chicken or cabbage. The findings suggest that PVA-biofortified maize and OFSP can replace white maize and CFSP, respectively, in selected traditional dishes of the rural communities studied to alleviate VAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencia Govender
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
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Delimont NM, Vahl CI, Kayanda R, Msuya W, Mulford M, Alberghine P, Praygod G, Mngara J, Alavi S, Lindshield BL. Complementary Feeding of Sorghum-Based and Corn-Based Fortified Blended Foods Results in Similar Iron, Vitamin A, and Anthropometric Outcomes in the MFFAPP Tanzania Efficacy Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz027. [PMID: 31143849 PMCID: PMC6535421 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fortified blended foods (FBFs) are micronutrient-fortified food aid products containing cereals and pulses. It has been suggested to reformulate FBFs to include whey protein concentrate, use alternative commodities (e.g., sorghum and cowpea), and utilize processing methods such as extrusion to produce them. The Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Pilot Project (MFFAPP) efficacy study was designed to test the efficacy of complementary feeding of newly formulated FBFs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of 5 newly formulated FBFs in combating iron deficiency anemia and vitamin A deficiency compared with traditionally prepared corn-soy blend plus (CSB+) and no intervention. A secondary aim was to determine the impact on underweight, stunting, wasting, and middle-upper arm circumference. METHODS A 20-wk, partially randomized cluster study was completed. Two age groups (aged 6-23 and 24-53 mo) with hemoglobin status <10.3 g/dL, and weight-for-height z scores >-3 were enrolled and assigned to diet groups. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were collected at 0, 10, and 20 wk. RESULTS Both hemoglobin concentrations and anemia ORs were significantly improved in all intervention groups except for CSB+ and the no-intervention groups at week 20. Only extruded corn-soy blend 14 and the no-intervention age groups failed to significantly decrease vitamin A deficiency risk (P < 0.04). There were no consistent significant differences among groups in anthropometric outcomes. CONCLUSIONS FBFs reformulated with sorghum, cowpea, corn, and soy significantly improved anemia and vitamin A deficiency ORs compared with week 0 and with no intervention. Although newly formulated FBFs did not significantly improve vitamin A deficiency or anemia compared with CSB+, CSB+ was the only FBF not to significantly improve these outcomes over the study duration. Our findings suggest that newly formulated sorghum- and cowpea-based FBFs are equally efficacious in improving these micronutrient outcomes. However, further FBF refinement is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02847962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Delimont
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | | | - Wences Msuya
- Project Concern International—Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | | | - George Praygod
- National Institute for Medical Research—Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Julius Mngara
- National Institute for Medical Research—Tanzania, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Sajid Alavi
- Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brian L Lindshield
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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81
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Govender L, Pillay K, Siwela M, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Improving the Dietary Vitamin A Content of Rural Communities in South Africa by Replacing Non-Biofortified white Maize and Sweet Potato with Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato in Traditional Dishes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1198. [PMID: 31141908 PMCID: PMC6628247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification of staple crops has a potential for addressing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which are prevalent in South Africa. The poor acceptability of provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified foods could be improved by combining them with other food items to produce modified traditional dishes. The nutritional composition of the dishes could also be improved by the modification. The study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP)] with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) on the nutritional composition of South African traditional dishes. The protein, fibre, total mineral (ash), lysine, and iron concentrations of the PVA maize phutu (traditional porridge) composite dishes (control), were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of white maize phutu composite dishes. However, the PVA concentration of PVA maize phutu composite dishes was higher than that of the white phutu composite dishes (P > 0.05). The OFSP had a significantly lower protein concentration, but a significantly higher (P > 0.05) fibre, ash, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and PVA concentration, relative to the CFSP. The findings indicate that composite dishes in which white maize is replaced with PVA-biofortified maize, and switching over from CFSP to OFSP, would contribute to combating VAD in South Africa, and in other developing counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencia Govender
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
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82
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Lombardo L, Grando MS. Genetically Modified Plants for Nutritionally Improved Food: A Promise Kept? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1613664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lombardo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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83
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Petsakos A, Prager SD, Gonzalez CE, Gama AC, Sulser TB, Gbegbelegbe S, Kikulwe EM, Hareau G. Understanding the consequences of changes in the production frontiers for roots, tubers and bananas. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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84
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Pigments and vitamins from plants as functional ingredients: Current trends and perspectives. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:259-303. [PMID: 31445597 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The food manufacturing industry has increasingly focused in the development of wholesome and safer products, including certified labeled "super foods," "healthy foods" and "functional foods," which are currently under great demand worldwide. Plant pigments and vitamins are amidst the most common additives incorporated to foodstuff, not only for improving their nutritional status but also for coloration, preservation, and even therapeutic purposes. The recovery of pigments from agro industrial wastes using green emerging approaches is a current trend and clearly the best alternative to ensure their sustainable obtainment and make these ingredients more popular, although still full of challenging aspects. Stability and bioavailability limitations of these active molecules in food matrices have been increasingly studied, and a number of methods have been proposed to minimize these issues, among which the incorporation of a co-pigment, exclusion of O2 during processing and storage, and above all, microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation techniques. The most recent advances and challenges in the application of natural pigments and vitamins in functional foods, considering only reports of the last 5 years, were the focus of this chapter.
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85
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Bararyenya A, Tukamuhabwa P, Gibson P, Grüneberg W, Ssali R, Low J, Odong T, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Talwana H, Mwila N, Mwanga R. Continuous Storage Root Formation and Bulking in Sweetpotato. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:83. [PMID: 32537562 PMCID: PMC7267719 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12895.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenotypic variation of continuous storage root formation and bulking (CSRFAB) growth patterns underlying the development of sweetpotato genotypes for identification of potential varieties adapted to piecemeal harvesting for small scale farmers. The research was conducted between September 2016 and August 2017 in Uganda. Genotypes from two distinct sweetpotato genepool populations (Population Uganda A and Population Uganda B) comprising 130 genotypes, previously separated using 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Repeated measurements (4 harvest times with 4 plants each) on genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in 2 locations for 2 seasons were used. We developed a scoring scale of 1 to 9 and used it to compare growth changes between consecutive harvests. Data analysis was done using residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) in GenStat 18th Edition. There were strong linear and quadratic trends over time (P<0.001) indicating a non-linear growth pattern within and between locations, seasons, and genotypes for most traits. Some genotypes displayed early initiation and a determinate linear increase of bulking, while others showed late initiation following a quadratic growth pattern. Broad sense heritability of CSRFAB would be low due to large GxE interactions, however, it was relatively high (50.5%) compared to other yield related traits indicating high genetic influence and accuracy of the developed method to quantify yield overtime. High level of reproducibility (89%) was observed comparing 2017A and 2017B seasons at Namulonge (NaCRRI). Choosing CSRFAB genotype can more than double the sweetpotato production (average maximum yield of 13.1 t/ha for discontinuous storage root formation and bulking (DSRFAB) versus 28.6 t/ha for CSRFAB demonstrating the importance of this under researched component of storage root yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astere Bararyenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Phinehas Tukamuhabwa
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Paul Gibson
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Wolfgang Grüneberg
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Reuben Ssali
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
| | - Jan Low
- Economics, International Potato Center (CIP), Nairobi, Nairobi, ILRI Campus Naivasha Rd, 25171-00603 Lavington, Kenya
| | - Thomas Odong
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Herbert Talwana
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Natasha Mwila
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Robert Mwanga
- Crop Improvement, International Potato Center (CIP), Kampala, Central Uganda, Box 22274, Uganda
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86
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ghislain
- International Potato Center, Sub-Saharan Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Tawanda Muzhingi
- International Potato Center, Sub-Saharan Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan W Low
- International Potato Center, Sub-Saharan Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
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87
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Pesticide Use Practices in Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops by Smallholder Farmers in Rwanda and Burundi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030400. [PMID: 30708958 PMCID: PMC6388262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Misuse and poor handling of chemical pesticides in agriculture is hazardous to the health of farmers, consumers, and to the environment. We studied the pest and disease management practices and the type of pesticides used in four root, tuber, and banana (RTB) crops in Rwanda and Burundi through in-depth interviews with a total of 811 smallholder farmers. No chemical pesticides were used in banana in either Rwanda and Burundi, whereas the use of insecticides and fungicides in potato was quite frequent. Nearly all insecticides and about one third of the fungicides used are moderately hazardous. Personal protective equipment was used by less than a half of the interviewed farmers in both countries. Reported cases of death due to self- or accidental-poisoning among humans and domestic animals in the previous 12 months were substantial in both countries. Training of farmers and agrochemical retailers in safe use of pesticide and handling and, use of integrated pest management approaches to reduce pest and disease damage is recommended.
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88
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Echodu R, Edema H, Wokorach G, Zawedde C, Otim G, Luambano N, Ateka EM, Asiimwe T. Farmers' practices and their knowledge of biotic constraints to sweetpotato production in East Africa. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 105:3-16. [PMID: 31007371 PMCID: PMC6472603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a vital crop for overcoming food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and its production is highest in East Africa where yields are high and the growing seasons are short. This cross-country study assessed farmers' local practices and their knowledge of the biotic constraints to sweetpotato production in Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya and Tanzania with the aim of providing empirical data that can ultimately be used to enhance sweetpotato production in these four countries. We collected data from 675 households using a standardized questionnaire integrated with a web-based mobile app. Survey results provided strong evidence that sweetpotato is valued as an important subsistence crop among smallholder farmers on pieces of land of less than 0.4 ha, and we observed that females were more involved than males in sweetpotato production. Sweetpotato was ranked as the second most important staple crop after cassava. Farmers noted an increase in sweetpotato production over the past five years in Uganda and Kenya but a decrease in Rwanda and Tanzania; the proportion of farmers who reported a decrease (33%) and an increase (36%) did not significantly differ. The main constraints to production were reported to be pests (32.6%), drought (21.6%), diseases (11.9%) and lack of disease-free planting materials (6.8%). Farmers recognized the signs and symptoms associated with sweetpotato diseases on leaves, root tubers, and whole plants, but most were unable to assign the disease type (bacterial, fungal or viral) correctly. We suggest that regional governments improve education, increase the provision of clean planting materials and strengthen breeding programs to improve disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Echodu
- Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Hilary Edema
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Wokorach
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Christine Zawedde
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Otim
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Nessie Luambano
- Sugarcane Research Institute, P.O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
| | - Elijah Miinda Ateka
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ssamula A, Okiror A, Avrahami-Moyal L, Tam Y, Gal-On A, Gaba V, Mukasa SB, Wasswa P. In silico prediction and segregation analysis of putative virus defense genes based on SSR markers in sweet potato F1 progenies of cultivars 'New Kawogo' and 'Resisto'. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 18:AJB-18-16-334. [PMID: 33281890 PMCID: PMC7672372 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2018/16724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In sweet potato, an anti-virus defense mechanism termed reversion has been postulated to lead to virus freedom from once infected plants. The objectives of this study were to identify anti-virus defense genes and evaluate their segregation in progenies. Reference genes from different plant species were used to assemble transcript sequences of each sweet potato defense gene in silico. Sequences were used for evaluate phylogenetic relationships with similar genes from different plant species, mining respective defense genes and thereafter developing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for segregation analysis. Eight potential defense genes were identified: RNA dependent RNA polymerases 1, 2, 5, and 6; Argonaute 1, and Dicer-like 1, 2, and 4. Identified genes were differentially related to those of other plants and were observed on different chromosomes. The defense genes contained mono-, di-, tri-, tetra, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide repeat motifs. The SSR markers within progenies were segregated in disomic, co-segregation, nullisomic, monosomic, and trisomic modes. These findings indicate the possibility of deriving and utilizing SSRs using published genomic information. Furthermore, and given that the SSR markers were derived from known genes on defined chromosomes, this work will contribute to future molecular breeding and development of resistance gene analogs in this economically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ssamula
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony Okiror
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Liat Avrahami-Moyal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yehudit Tam
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Victor Gaba
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Settumba B Mukasa
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Wasswa
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Strobbe S, De Lepeleire J, Van Der Straeten D. From in planta Function to Vitamin-Rich Food Crops: The ACE of Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30619424 PMCID: PMC6305313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are highly dependent on plants to reach their dietary requirements, as plant products contribute both to energy and essential nutrients. For many decades, plant breeders have been able to gradually increase yields of several staple crops, thereby alleviating nutritional needs with varying degrees of success. However, many staple crops such as rice, wheat and corn, although delivering sufficient calories, fail to satisfy micronutrient demands, causing the so called 'hidden hunger.' Biofortification, the process of augmenting nutritional quality of food through the use of agricultural methodologies, is a pivotal asset in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition, mainly due to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Several technical advances have led to recent breakthroughs. Nutritional genomics has come to fruition based on marker-assisted breeding enabling rapid identification of micronutrient related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the germplasm of interest. As a complement to these breeding techniques, metabolic engineering approaches, relying on a continuously growing fundamental knowledge of plant metabolism, are able to overcome some of the inevitable pitfalls of breeding. Alteration of micronutrient levels does also require fundamental knowledge about their role and influence on plant growth and development. This review focuses on our knowledge about provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C (ascorbate) and the vitamin E group (tocochromanols). We begin by providing an overview of the functions of these vitamins in planta, followed by highlighting some of the achievements in the nutritional enhancement of food crops via conventional breeding and genetic modification, concluding with an evaluation of the need for such biofortification interventions. The review further elaborates on the vast potential of creating nutritionally enhanced crops through multi-pathway engineering and the synergistic potential of conventional breeding in combination with genetic engineering, including the impact of novel genome editing technologies.
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OWADE JOSHUAOMBAKA, ABONG GEORGEOOKO, OKOTH MICHAELWANDAYI. Production, Utilization and Nutritional benefits of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Puree Bread: A Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.3.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bread though an exotic food product in sub-Saharan Africa, has been an important cereal product consumed by most individuals among the vast Sub-Saharan African population. Bread formulations in both the local and industrial production have evolved. The latest and emerging technology in bread formulation involve the incorporation of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) puree. OFSP puree-based bread is commercially available across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is being promoted due to the potential nutritional benefits that it possesses. Together with OFSP flour based bread, OFSP puree based bread serves as a good food vehicle for β-carotene; this serves to alleviate vitamin A deficiency (VAD) especially among the vulnerable population in SSA. The production of OFSP puree based bread has so far been relying on fresh OFSP puree or cold-chain stored OFSP puree. However, this has presented economic challenges and problems to the sustainability and expansion in OFSP puree bread production. Cold chain stored OFSP puree is capital intensive and has inconsistent supply. With the development of shelf-storable preservative treated OFSP puree, most of these challenges will be overcome without undoing the currently harnessed benefits. The use of OFSP puree in bread baking can then be expanded easily at minimal production costs and maximum retention of nutritional quality. Therefore, the use of the shelf-storable OFSP puree in bread baking needs to be evaluated further to present a substantiated case for its use. The current review has been developed with focus on the scientific advances in the production of OFSP puree based bread from both historical and a forecast perspective. The scientific progress and breakthroughs in the use of OFSP puree in bread are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOSHUA OMBAKA OWADE
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - GEORGE OOKO ABONG
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - MICHAEL WANDAYI OKOTH
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
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92
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Wu S, Lau KH, Cao Q, Hamilton JP, Sun H, Zhou C, Eserman L, Gemenet DC, Olukolu BA, Wang H, Crisovan E, Godden GT, Jiao C, Wang X, Kitavi M, Manrique-Carpintero N, Vaillancourt B, Wiegert-Rininger K, Yang X, Bao K, Schaff J, Kreuze J, Gruneberg W, Khan A, Ghislain M, Ma D, Jiang J, Mwanga ROM, Leebens-Mack J, Coin LJM, Yencho GC, Buell CR, Fei Z. Genome sequences of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweetpotato reveal targets for genetic improvement. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4580. [PMID: 30389915 PMCID: PMC6214957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a globally important staple food crop, especially for sub-Saharan Africa. Agronomic improvement of sweetpotato has lagged behind other major food crops due to a lack of genomic and genetic resources and inherent challenges in breeding a heterozygous, clonally propagated polyploid. Here, we report the genome sequences of its two diploid relatives, I. trifida and I. triloba, and show that these high-quality genome assemblies are robust references for hexaploid sweetpotato. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses reveal insights into the ancient whole-genome triplication history of Ipomoea and evolutionary relationships within the Batatas complex. Using resequencing data from 16 genotypes widely used in African breeding programs, genes and alleles associated with carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots are identified, which may enable efficient breeding of varieties with high provitamin A content. These resources will facilitate genome-enabled breeding in this important food security crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lauren Eserman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Conservation and Research, Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | | | - Bode A Olukolu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Emily Crisovan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Grant T Godden
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mercy Kitavi
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, 00603, Kenya
| | | | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Xinsun Yang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer Schaff
- Genomic Sciences Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jan Kreuze
- International Potato Center, Lima 12, Peru
| | | | - Awais Khan
- International Potato Center, Lima 12, Peru
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | | | - Daifu Ma
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Jim Leebens-Mack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - G Craig Yencho
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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93
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Hummel M, Talsma EF, Van der Honing A, Gama AC, Van Vugt D, Brouwer ID, Spillane C. Sensory and cultural acceptability tradeoffs with nutritional content of biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties among households with children in Malawi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204754. [PMID: 30335772 PMCID: PMC6193634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties are being promoted to reduce vitamin A deficiencies due to their higher beta-carotene content. For OFSP varieties to have impact they need to be accepted and consumed at scale amongst populations suffering from vitamin A deficiencies. OBJECTIVE We investigated the sensory and cultural acceptability of OFSP varieties amongst households with children aged between 2-5 years old in two areas in Central and Southern Malawi using an integrated model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). METHODS Sensory acceptability was measured using a triangle, preference and acceptance test using three OFSP varieties and one control variety, among 270 adults and 60 children. Based on a food ethnographic study, a questionnaire on cultural acceptability was developed and administered to 302 caretakers. Data were analyzed by calculating Spearman's correlations between constructs and multiple linear regression modeling. RESULTS The sensory evaluation indicates that all three OFSP varieties are accepted (scores >3 on 5-point scale), but there is a preference for the control variety over the three OFSP varieties. Almost all caretakers are intending to frequently prepare OFSP for their child in future (97%). Based on regression analysis, the constructs 'subjective norms' (β = 0.25, p = 0.00) reflecting social pressure, and 'attitudes toward behavior' (β = 0.14 p = 0.01), reflecting the feelings towards serving their child OFSP, were the best predictors for caretakers' behavior to prepare OFSP for their child. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that both sensory and cultural attributes can influence acceptability of varieties and consumption amongst households with children. Considering these attributes can improve the impact of biofortified crops in future programming, by reducing Vitamin A deficiencies through the intake of these nutrient-rich crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Hummel
- Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Harvest Plus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Ati Van der Honing
- Harvest Plus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Spillane
- Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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94
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Amah D, van Biljon A, Brown A, Perkins-Veazie P, Swennen R, Labuschagne M. Recent advances in banana (musa spp.) biofortification to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3498-3510. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1495175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Amah
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Angeline van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Allan Brown
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Rony Swennen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
- Bioversity International, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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95
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Lau KH, del Rosario Herrera M, Crisovan E, Wu S, Fei Z, Khan MA, Buell CR, Gemenet DC. Transcriptomic analysis of sweet potato under dehydration stress identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00092. [PMID: 31245692 PMCID: PMC6508841 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is an important subsistence crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet as for many crops, yield can be severely impacted by drought stress. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that control drought tolerance can facilitate the development of drought-tolerant sweet potato cultivars. Here, we report an expression profiling study using the US-bred cultivar, Beauregard, and a Ugandan landrace, Tanzania, treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to simulate drought and sampled at 24 and 48 hr after stress. At each time-point, between 4,000 to 6,000 genes in leaf tissue were differentially expressed in each cultivar. Approximately half of these differentially expressed genes were common between the two cultivars and were enriched for Gene Ontology terms associated with drought response. Three hundred orthologs of drought tolerance genes reported in model species were identified in the Ipomoea trifida reference genome, of which 122 were differentially expressed under at least one experimental condition, constituting a list of drought tolerance candidate genes. A subset of genes was differentially regulated between Beauregard and Tanzania, representing genotype-specific responses to drought stress. The data analyzed and reported here provide a resource for geneticists and breeders toward identifying and utilizing drought tolerance genes in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin H. Lau
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | | | - Emily Crisovan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Muhammad Awais Khan
- International Potato CenterLimaPeru
- Present address:
Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology SectionCornell UniversityGenevaNew York
| | - Carol Robin Buell
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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96
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Lagerkvist CJ, Okello JJ, Adekambi S, Kwikiriza N, Abidin PE, Carey EE. Goal-setting and volitional behavioural change: Results from a school meals intervention with vitamin-A biofortified sweetpotato in Nigeria. Appetite 2018; 129:113-124. [PMID: 30008392 PMCID: PMC6102414 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition, particularly vitamin A deficiency, is a major public health problem in many developing countries. This study investigated whether priming or self-generation of goals, or whether attention to instrumental or experiential goals together with use of a reminder condition or not, promotes dietary behaviour intentions and change. A set of 556 randomly selected children aged 7-12 in Osun state, Nigeria, participated in an four-week intervention and field experiment in which a meal based on orange-fleshed sweetpotato, rich in pro-vitamin A, was introduced on five occasions as a complement to the existing school meal. Baseline intentions, anticipated feelings and repeated measures of post-consumption and experience were assessed. The analyses included a generalised linear mixed model for consumption and a linear mixed model for feelings and experience. The results confirmed that attention to instrumental goals undermines goal pursuit, while a focus on experiential goals increases the persistence of pursuit. Priming of experiential goals should be recommended, especially because this approach evokes positive feelings after eating. There was no evidence of an effect from repeated pairing of goals with the school meal, but use of planning by stating intentions increased the amount eaten. These results have implications for how school meals programmes should be designed to better align personal motivation with behavioural change in relation to dietary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lagerkvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - J J Okello
- International Potato Center, P.O. 29053, Kampala, Uganda
| | - S Adekambi
- International Potato Center, P.O. Box 3785, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - N Kwikiriza
- International Potato Center, P.O. 29053, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P E Abidin
- International Potato Center, P.O. Box 3785, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - E E Carey
- International Potato Center, P.O. Box 3785, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ghana
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97
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Mutiso JM, Okello JJ, Lagerkvist CJ, Muoki P, Kosura WO, Heck S. Effect of nutrition education and psychosocial factors on child feeding practices: findings of a field experiment with biofortified foods and different women categories. Ecol Food Nutr 2018; 57:346-371. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2018.1492382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julius Juma Okello
- International Potato Center, Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carl Johan Lagerkvist
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Penina Muoki
- International Potato Center, Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Simon Heck
- International Potato Center, Social and Nutrition Sciences Division, Kampala, Uganda
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98
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Bouis HE, Saltzman A. Improving nutrition through biofortification: A review of evidence from HarvestPlus, 2003 through 2016. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2017; 12:49-58. [PMID: 28580239 PMCID: PMC5439484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification is a feasible and cost-effective means of delivering micronutrients to populations that may have limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. Since 2003, HarvestPlus and its partners have demonstrated that this agriculture-based method of addressing micronutrient deficiency through plant breeding works. More than 20 million people in farm households in developing countries are now growing and consuming biofortified crops. This review summarizes key evidence and discusses delivery experiences, as well as farmer and consumer adoption. Given the strength of the evidence, attention should now shift to an action-oriented agenda for scaling biofortification to improve nutrition globally. To reach one billion people by 2030, there are three key challenges: 1) mainstreaming biofortified traits into public plant breeding programs; 2) building consumer demand; and 3) integrating biofortification into public and private policies, programs, and investments. While many building blocks are in place, institutional leadership is needed to continue to drive towards this ambitious goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howarth E. Bouis
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
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