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Kumar H, Chen BH, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kaushal A, Nagraik R, Bhatia SK, Dhanjal DS, Kumar V, Kumar A, Upadhyay NK, Verma R, Kumar D. Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1892. [PMID: 33081121 PMCID: PMC7602861 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Gurugram-122413, Haryana, India;
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK430AL, UK;
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Navneet Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India;
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
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Islam S, Urmi UL, Rana M, Sultana F, Jahan N, Hossain B, Iqbal S, Hossain MM, Mosaddek ASM, Nahar S. High abundance of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in chicken gut-bacteria in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17292. [PMID: 33057111 PMCID: PMC7560609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered a last-resort reserved drug for the treatment of critical human infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). Prior colistin usage led to a substantial increase in the proportion of bacteria with mcr-genes and phenotypic resistance (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Umme Laila Urmi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masud Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Billal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Samiul Iqbal
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, Dhaka, 1210, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Md Mosaddek
- Department of Pharmacology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Li L, Su YB, Peng B, Peng XX, Li H. Metabolic mechanism of colistin resistance and its reverting in Vibrio alginolyticus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4295-4313. [PMID: 32291842 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is a last-line antibiotic against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria, but the increased resistance poses a huge challenge to this drug. However, the mechanisms underlying such resistance are largely unexplored. The present study first identified the mutations of two genes encoding AceF subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and TetR family transcriptional regulator in colistin-resistant Vibrio alginolyticus (VA-RCT ) through genome sequencing. Then, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics was adopted to investigate metabolic responses since PDH plays a role in central carbon metabolism. Colistin resistance was associated with the reduction of the central carbon metabolism and energy metabolism, featuring the alteration of the pyruvate cycle, a recently characterized energy-producing cycle. Metabolites in the pyruvate cycle reprogramed colistin-resistant metabolome to colistin-sensitive metabolome, resulting in increased gene expression, enzyme activity or protein abundance of the cycle and sodium-translocating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This reprogramming promoted the production of the proton motive force that enhances the binding between colistin and lipid A in lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, this metabolic approach was effective against VA-RCT in vitro and in vivo as well as other clinical isolates. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of colistin resistance and develop a metabolome-reprogramming approach to promote colistin efficiency to combat with colistin-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Muktan B, Thapa Shrestha U, Dhungel B, Mishra BC, Shrestha N, Adhikari N, Banjara MR, Adhikari B, Rijal KR, Ghimire P. Plasmid mediated colistin resistant mcr-1 and co-existence of OXA-48 among Escherichia coli from clinical and poultry isolates: first report from Nepal. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:44. [PMID: 32963589 PMCID: PMC7499862 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmid-mediated resistance to the last-resort drugs: carbapenems and colistin is an emerging public health threat. The studies on the prevalence and co-expression of resistant genes among livestock and human pathogens are rare in Nepal. This is the first study in Nepal exploring the prevalence and co-existence of colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 along with carbapenemase resistance gene, OXA-48 in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and clinical specimens. Methods A total of 240 rectal swabs from chickens of five different poultry farms of Kathmandu valley and 705 mid-stream urine samples from human subjects attending Kantipur Hospital, Kathmandu were collected between August, 2018 and March, 2019. Rectal swabs and urine specimens were cultured. E. coli isolated from the specimens were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using disk diffusion method’. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by agar dilution method using 0.5 µg/ml to 32 µg/ml. The E. coli isolates were first screened for mcr-1 followed by screening for OXA-48 genes using conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of the total samples analyzed, E. coli was isolated from 31.7% (76/240) of poultry and 7.9% (56/705) of clinical specimens. In AST, 80% (61/76) of E. coli from poultry and 79% (44/56) from clinical specimens were MDR. The phenotypic prevalence of colistin resistance in poultry specimens were 31.6% (24/76) and clinical specimens were 21.4% (12/56). In PCR assay, 27.6% (21/76) of poultry and 19.6% (11/56) of clinical isolates had colistin resistant mcr-1 gene. MICs value of E. coli isolates ranged from 4 to 32 (µg/ml) in both clinical and poultry isolates. Prevalence of co-existing carbapenem resistance gene, OXA-48, among colistin resistant mcr-1 positive isolates was 38% (8/21) in poultry specimens and 18.2% (2/11) in clinical specimens. Conclusions The high prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistant genes, and their co-existence in plasmid DNA of E. coli isolates in this study suggests the possible spread to other animal, human and environmental pathogens. Molecular methods in addition to the conventional diagnostics in laboratories can help in early diagnosis, effective management and control of their potential transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Muktan
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Dhungel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Nabaraj Shrestha
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives, Government of Nepal, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Adhikari
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bipin Adhikari
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Pérez-Etayo L, González D, Leiva J, Vitas AI. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Different Aquatic Environments in the North of Spain and South of France. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1425. [PMID: 32947947 PMCID: PMC7565385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global progress of antimicrobial resistance, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the list of the antibiotic-resistant "priority pathogens" in order to promote research and development of new antibiotics to the families of bacteria that cause severe and often deadly infections. In the framework of the One Health approach, the surveillance of these pathogens in different environments should be implemented in order to analyze their spread and the potential risk of transmission of antibiotic resistances by food and water. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the presence of high and critical priority pathogens included in the aforementioned list in different aquatic environments in the POCTEFA area (North Spain-South France). In addition to these pathogens, detection of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was included due its relevance as being the antibiotic of choice to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). From the total of 80 analyzed samples, 100% of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and collectors (from hospitals and slaughterhouses) and 96.4% of the rivers, carried antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) against the tested antibiotics. Fifty-five (17.7%) of the isolates were identified as target microorganisms (high and critical priority pathogens of WHO list) and 58.2% (n = 32) of them came from WWTPs and collectors. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed that 96.4% were MDR and resistance to penicillins/cephalosporins was the most widespread. The presence of bla genes, KPC-type carbapenemases, mcr-1 and vanB genes has been confirmed. In summary, the presence of clinically relevant MDR bacteria in the studied aquatic environments demonstrates the need to improve surveillance and treatments of wastewaters from slaughterhouses, hospitals and WWTPs, in order to minimize the dispersion of resistance through the effluents of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pérez-Etayo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.); (A.I.V.)
| | - David González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.); (A.I.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Leiva
- Microbiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Vitas
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.); (A.I.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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56
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Brouwer MSM, Goodman RN, Kant A, Mevius D, Newire E, Roberts AP, Veldman KT. Mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 detected on an IncI1 plasmid in Escherichia coli from meat. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:145-148. [PMID: 32889139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes encoded on conjugative plasmids, although described only relatively recently, have been reported globally both in humans and livestock. The genes are often associated with the insertion sequence ISApl1 that can transpose the genes to novel genetic locations. Since its first report, multiple variants of mcr have been discovered in a variety of genetic locations in Escherichia coli, in plasmids and integrated into the chromosome. METHODS Using hybrid assembly of short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing data, the presence ofmcr-1 was confirmed on an IncI1 plasmid in E. coli. In vitro conjugation assays were performed to determine the potential to transfer between strains. Genetic comparison with previously reported IncI1 plasmids was performed. RESULTS The genomic sequence identified thatmcr-1 is present on a complete IncI1 plasmid. Comparison with previously reported extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding plasmids from E. coli in the Netherlands from the same time period indicated a distinct lineage for this plasmid. CONCLUSIONS The observation ofmcr-1 on an IncI1 plasmid confirms that the genetic region of this gene is actively transposed between genetic locations. This active transposition has consequences for the study of the epidemiology of mcr in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arie Kant
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Enas Newire
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Kees T Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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57
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Chang J, Tang B, Chen Y, Xia X, Qian M, Yang H. Two IncHI2 Plasmid-Mediated Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from the Broiler Chicken Supply Chain in Zhejiang Province, China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1402-1410. [PMID: 32294180 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Colistin is used as one of the last-resort drugs against lethal infections caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene are emerging in livestock and poultry, posing a serious threat to human health. However, there have been few reports about the prevalence and transmission of mcr-1 along the regional chicken supply chain. In this study, the complete sequences of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli ST2705 and ST206 isolates obtained by screening 129 chilled chicken samples and 251 chicken fecal samples were investigated. Both of these isolates showed resistance to colistin, and importantly, the complete sequence of the mcr-1-positive E. coli ST2705 in China was reported for the first time. The mcr-1 gene was located on the IncHI2 plasmids pTBMCR421 (254,365 bp) and pTBMCR401 (230,964 bp) in strains ECCNB20-2 and ECZP248, respectively. Comparative analysis of mcr-1-bearing IncHI2 plasmids showed a marked similarity, indicating that these plasmids are very common and have the ability to be efficient vehicles for mcr-1 dissemination among humans, animals, and food. Furthermore, an insertion (ISKpn26) in Tn6330 (ISApl1-mcr-1-pap2-ISApl1) was identified in the plasmid pTBMCR401 and then compared; this insertion might affect the adaptability and stability of Tn6330. Taken together, these findings suggest that the IncHI2 plasmid might be a main factor affecting the transmission of mcr-1 in the chicken supply chain and that the genetic context of the mcr-1-bearing IncHI2 plasmid is constantly evolving. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products & State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, People's Republic of China.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-7713 [J.C.]).,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Tang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products & State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products & State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products & State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, People's Republic of China
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Adiguzel MC, Baran A, Wu Z, Cengiz S, Dai L, Oz C, Ozmenli E, Goulart DB, Sahin O. Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli in Eastern Turkey and Genomic Characterization of an mcr-1 Positive Strain from Retail Chicken Meat. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:424-432. [PMID: 32721263 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is one of the most effective antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes is considered a serious antimicrobial resistance challenge worldwide. In this study, we report detection of an mcr-1 carrying Escherichia coli isolate (named ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey) from retail raw chicken meat in Turkey. Of the 11 (from 500 total tested) phenotypically colistin-resistant isolates, 1 was shown to carry the mcr-1 gene by PCR. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that mcr-1 was located on a ∼13 kb-long contig that was almost identical to the corresponding part in pZJ1635, an IncI2 plasmid encoding mcr-1 in the same genetic context in another E. coli strain. In addition, ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey harbored blaCTX-M-8, qnrB19, mdf(A), tet(A), sul2, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and floR resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome and multilocus sequence typing indicated that ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey was more closely related to mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolates from food and human clinical samples previously reported from different parts of the world than to those from Turkey. These findings further emphasize the worldwide emergence and spread of mcr meditated colistin resistance in bacteria with zoonotic potential within animals and the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Erzurum Vocational School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Seyda Cengiz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Cihan Oz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esma Ozmenli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Debora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Glushchenko OE, Prianichnikov NA, Olekhnovich EI, Manolov AI, Tyakht AV, Starikova EV, Odintsova VE, Kostryukova ES, Ilina EI. VERA: agent-based modeling transmission of antibiotic resistance between human pathogens and gut microbiota. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3803-3811. [PMID: 30825306 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is one of the most important issues of modern health care. The human microbiota can accumulate resistance determinants and transfer them to pathogenic microbiota by means of horizontal gene transfer. Thus, it is important to develop methods of prediction and monitoring of antibiotics resistance in human populations. RESULTS We present the agent-based VERA model, which allows simulation of the spread of pathogens, including the possible horizontal transfer of resistance determinants from a commensal microbiota community. The model considers the opportunity of residents to stay in the town or in a medical institution, have incorrect self-treatment, treatment with several antibiotics types and transfer and accumulation of resistance determinants from commensal microorganism to a pathogen. In this model, we have also created an assessment of optimum observation frequency of infection spread among the population. Investigating model behavior, we show a number of non-linear dependencies, including the exponential nature of the dependence of the total number of those infected on the average resistance of a pathogen. As the model infection, we chose infection with Shigella spp., though it could be applied to a wide range of other pathogens. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code and binaries VERA and VERA.viewer are freely available for download at github.com/lpenguin/microbiota-resistome. The code is written in Java, JavaScript and R for Linux platform. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana E Glushchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Prianichnikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii I Olekhnovich
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Manolov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Tyakht
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Starikova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E Odintsova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S Kostryukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Touati A, Mairi A. Plasmid-Determined Colistin Resistance in the North African Countries: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:121-133. [PMID: 32522081 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted a systematic review to update available information on plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mobilized colistin resistance [mcr]) genes in North African countries. We have searched the articles of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance bacteria isolated in North African countries. After searching and selection, 30 studies that included 208 mcr-positive isolates were included. Different mcr-positive strains frequencies were recorded and ranged from 2% in clinical isolates to 12.3% in environmental samples. Escherichia coli was the predominant species recorded and these microorganisms showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. IncHI2 plasmids are probably the key vectors responsible for the dissemination of mcr genes in these countries. This review highlighted that the mcr-positive isolates are circulating in different ecological niches with different frequencies. Therefore, actions should be implemented to prevent the dissemination of the mcr genes within and outside of these countries, such as microbiological and molecular surveillance programs and restriction use of colistin in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Touati
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Assia Mairi
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
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Larouche É, Généreux M, Tremblay MÈ, Rhouma M, Gasser MO, Quessy S, Côté C. Impact of liquid hog manure applications on antibiotic resistance genes concentration in soil and drainage water in field crops. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:549-561. [PMID: 32330390 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural practices such as manure applications could contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the environment. Our objective was to assess the impact of certain fertilization methods (mineral or manure) and tillage practices (reduced or conventional) on the presence of ARGs and bacteria in soil and drainage water under wheat and grain corn crops. Targeted ARGs tet(T), sul1, and blaCTX-M-1 in liquid hog manure, soil, and water samples were quantified by qPCR. Conventional PCR was used to detect mcr-1 and mcr-2. ARGs in control plots were detected despite the absence of manure, representing an environmental reservoir of resistant microorganisms. The manure application rate higher than 39 m3/ha increased tet(T) and sul1 gene concentrations in soil for more than 180 days. Tillage practices had no impact on ARG concentrations in soil and water samples. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was only detected in seven water samples in 2016, but no link was established with the treatments. The mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes were not detected in all tested samples. This study demonstrated that tet(T) and sul1 gene concentrations increased in soil after liquid hog manure application as well as in drainage water in the next weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Larouche
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Mylène Généreux
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 2700 Einstein Street, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Gasser
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 2700 Einstein Street, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Caroline Côté
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
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Aguirre L, Vidal A, Seminati C, Tello M, Redondo N, Darwich L, Martín M. Antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamases and colistin resistance ( mcr) genes in Escherichia coli from swine between 1999 and 2018. Porcine Health Manag 2020; 6:8. [PMID: 32266079 PMCID: PMC7114809 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent usage of antibiotics in livestock has led to the spread of resistant bacteria within animals and their products, with a global warning in public health and veterinarians to monitor such resistances. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and genes in pig farms from Spain during the last twenty years. Susceptibility to six antibiotics commonly used in pig production was tested by qualitative (disk diffusion) and quantitative (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) methods in 200 strains of Escherichia coli which had been isolated between 1999 and 2018 from clinical cases of diarrhoea in neonatal and post-weaned piglets. Results showed resistance around 100% for amoxicillin and tetracycline since 1999, and a progressive increase in ceftiofur resistance throughout the studied period. For colistin, it was detected a resistance peak (17.5% of the strains) in the 2011–2014 period. Concerning gentamicin, 11 of 30 strains with intermediate susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were resistant by MIC. Besides, the most frequent antimicrobial resistance genes were the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) blaCTX-M (13.5% of strains, being CTX-M-14, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-32 the most prevalent genomes, followed by CTX-M-27, CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-3), AmpC-type beta-lactamase (AmpC) blaCMY-2 (3%) and colistin resistance genes mcr-4 (13%), mcr-1 (7%) and in less proportion mcr-5 (3%). Interestingly, these mcr genes were already detected in strains isolated in 2000, more than a decade before their first description. However, poor concordance between the genotypic mcr profile and the phenotypical testing by MIC was found in this study. These results indicate that although being a current concern, resistance genes and therefore antimicrobial resistant phenotypes were already present in pig farms at the beginning of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Aguirre
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Vidal
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Chiara Seminati
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Tello
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noelia Redondo
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,2UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marga Martín
- 1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Travessera dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,2UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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63
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Vounba P, Rhouma M, Arsenault J, Bada Alambédji R, Fravalo P, Fairbrother JM. Prevalence of colistin resistance and mcr-1/mcr-2 genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Canada, Senegal and Vietnam. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 19:222-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Ambrosio CMS, Ikeda NY, Miano AC, Saldaña E, Moreno AM, Stashenko E, Contreras-Castillo CJ, Da Gloria EM. Unraveling the selective antibacterial activity and chemical composition of citrus essential oils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17719. [PMID: 31776388 PMCID: PMC6881395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is an often disease affecting piglets. It is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonization in pig gut. Antibiotics has been used to prevent, combat and control PWD and its negative impact on the productivity of pig breeding sector. Nonetheless, antibiotics due to their wide antibacterial spectrum also can reach beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Lately, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a potential alternative to using antibiotics in animal breeding because of their effect on bacterial growth. Commonly, citrus EOs are by-products of food industry and the availability of these EOs in the worldwide market is huge. Thus, six commercials citrus EOs were evaluated on ETEC strains, as model of pathogenic bacteria, and on Lactobacillus species, as models of beneficial bacteria. In overall, citrus EOs exhibited a selective antibacterial activity with higher effect on pathogenic bacteria (ETECs) than beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus). Brazilian orange terpenes (BOT) oil presented the highest selective performance and caused higher disturbances on the normal growth kinetic of ETEC than on Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The action was dose-dependent on the maximal culture density (A) and the lag phase duration (λ) of the ETEC. The highest sub-inhibitory concentration (0.925 mg/mL) extended the λ duration to ETEC eight times (14.6 h) and reduced A in 55.9%. For L. rhamnosus, the λ duration was only extended 1.6 times. Despite the fact that limonene was detected as the major compound, the selective antibacterial activity of the citrus EOs could not be exclusively attributed to limonene since the presence of minor compounds could be implicated in conferring this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M S Ambrosio
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Y Ikeda
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Miano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Privada del Norte (UNP), Trujillo, Perú
| | - Erick Saldaña
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (UNAM), Moquegua, Perú
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Stashenko
- Research Center of Excellence CENIVAM, CIBIMOL, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Carmen J Contreras-Castillo
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Da Gloria
- Department of Biological Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gharaibeh MH, Shatnawi SQ. An overview of colistin resistance, mobilized colistin resistance genes dissemination, global responses, and the alternatives to colistin: A review. Vet World 2019; 12:1735-1746. [PMID: 32009752 PMCID: PMC6925059 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1735-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antimicrobial agent that is effective against a variety of Gram-negative bacilli, especially the Enterobacteriaceae family. Recently, the wide dissemination of colistin-resistance has brought strong attention to the scientific society because of its importance as the last resort for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections and its possible horizontal transmission. The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene was identified as the gene responsible for unique colistin resistance. Indeed, despite many studies that have revealed a pan variation in the existence of this gene, not only for the mcr genes main group but also for its many subgroups, the problem is growing and worsening day after day. In this regard, this review paper is set to review the updated data that has been published up to the end of 2019 third quarter, especially when related to colistin resistance by the mcr genes. It will include the present status of colistin resistance worldwide, the mcr gene dissemination in different sectors, the discovery of the mcr variants, and the global plan to deal with the threat of antimicrobial resistance. In line with global awareness, and to stop antibiotic misuse and overuse, especially in agricultural animals, the study will further discuss in detail the latest alternatives to colistin use in animals, which may contribute to the elimination of inappropriate antibiotic use and to the help in preventing infections. This review will advance our understanding of colistin resistance, while supporting the efforts toward better stewardship, for the proper usage of antimicrobial drugs in humans, animals, and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Shoroq Q Shatnawi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110 Jordan
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66
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Wang J, Zhou J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Jin Y, Cui X, He D, Lai W, He L. Rapid one-step enzyme immunoassay and lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for colistin in animal feed and food. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 31636903 PMCID: PMC6796504 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin (polymyxin E) is a kind of peptide antibiotic which has been approved in animal production for the purposes of disease prevention, treatment, and growth promotion. However, the wide use of colistin in animal feed may accelerate the spread of colistin-resistance gene MCR-1 from animal production to human beings, and its residue in animal-origin food may also pose serious health hazards to humans. Thus, it is necessary to develop corresponding analytical methods to monitor the addition of colistin in animal feed and the colistin residue in animal-origin food. Results A one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) for colistin were developed based on a newly developed monoclonal antibody. The ELISA showed a 50% inhibition value (IC50) of 9.7 ng/mL with assay time less than 60 min, while the LFIA had a strip reader-based detection limit of 0.87 ng/mL in phosphate buffer with assay time less than 15 min. For reducing the non-specific adsorption of colistin onto sample vial, the components of sample extraction solution were optimized and proved to greatly improve the assay accuracy. The spiked recovery experiment showed that the recoveries of colistin from feed, milk and meat samples were in the range of 77.83% to 113.38% with coefficient of variations less than 13% by ELISA analysis and less than 18% by LFIA analysis, respectively. Furthermore, actual sample analysis indicated that the two immunoassays can produce results consistent with instrumental analysis. Conclusions The developed assays can be used for rapid qualitative or quantitative detection of colistin in animal feed and food. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0389-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Zhang
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongpeng Jin
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cui
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongting He
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong He
- 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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67
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Acquired Resistance to Colistin via Chromosomal And Plasmid-Mediated Mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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68
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An Approach to Measuring Colistin Plasma Levels Regarding the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030100. [PMID: 31344885 PMCID: PMC6784070 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotic treatment has significantly increased during recent years, causing this to become a worldwide public health problem. More than 70% of pathogenic bacteria are resistant to at least one of the currently used antibiotics. Polymyxin E (colistin) has recently been used as a “last line” therapy when treating Gram-negative multi-resistant bacteria. However, little is known about these molecules’ pharmacological use as they have been discontinued because of their high toxicity. Recent research has been focused on determining colistimethate sodium’s pharmacokinetic parameters to find the optimal dose for maintaining a suitable benefit–risk balance. This review has thus been aimed at describing the use of colistin on patients infected by multi-drug resistant bacteria and the importance of measuring this drug’s plasma levels in such patients.
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Zhai Z, Zhang F, Cao R, Ni X, Xin Z, Deng J, Wu G, Ren W, Yin Y, Deng B. Cecropin A Alleviates Inflammation Through Modulating the Gut Microbiota of C57BL/6 Mice With DSS-Induced IBD. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1595. [PMID: 31354682 PMCID: PMC6635700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is undertaken to assess the alleviating effects of antimicrobial peptide cecropin A on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in C57BL/6 mice and changes in the gut microbiota, compared to an antibiotic gentamicin. Different doses of cecropin A were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 mice for 5 days to determine the safe doses. The injection doses at ≤ 15 mg/kg showed no negative impact on the liver, heart, spleen, and kidney. The severe and moderate IBD mice model was successfully established via supplementation of 4 or 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. The severe IBD model was used to ensure the optimal therapeutic dose of cecropin A. Survival rate, body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores were measured. Administration of 15 mg/kg, not 5 mg/kg cecropin A, for 5 days increased survival rate and decreased body weight loss of mice. The moderate IBD model was applied to investigate the mechanisms for cecropin A to alleviate inflammation in comparison to gentamicin. The mice were treated with 15 mg/kg cecropin A or 5 mg/kg gentamicin for 3 days. The levels of cytokines and related proteins in the colon were detected by ELISA and Western blotting. The microbiota in cecum contents were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that cecropin A and gentamicin relieved body weight loss, DAI, and gut mucosa disruption, while decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-1β (IL-1β), and interlukin-6 (IL-6) induced by DSS. In addition, cecropin A and gentamicin showed different effects on the gut microbiota structure. Both cecropin A and gentamicin decreased DSS-induced enrichment of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. However, cecropin A showed a selective enrichment of Lactobacillus in contrast to gentamicin, which demonstrated a selective effect on Desulfovibrionaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Cecropin A alleviates IBD through decreasing harmful gut microflora and specifically enhancing beneficial gut microflora. The mechanism of this effect is different from gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Rhouma M, Thériault W, Rabhi N, Duchaine C, Quessy S, Fravalo P. First identification of mcr-1/ mcr-2 genes in the fecal microbiota of Canadian commercial pigs during the growing and finishing period. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2019; 10:65-67. [PMID: 31309078 PMCID: PMC6613599 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s202331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nassima Rabhi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Famuyide IM, Aro AO, Fasina FO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of acetone crude leaf extracts of under-investigated Syzygium and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) species on multidrug resistant porcine diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:162. [PMID: 31118023 PMCID: PMC6532232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoea, a global economically important disease burden affecting swine and, especially piglets, is commonly caused by infection with entero-toxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Adherence of ETEC to porcine intestinal epithelial cells following infection, is necessary for its pathogenesis. While antimicrobials are commonly given as therapy or as feed additives for prophylaxis against microbial infections, the concern over increased levels of antimicrobial resistance necessitate the search for safe and effective alternatives in livestock feed. Attention is shifting to natural products including plants as suitable alternatives to antimicrobials. The activity of acetone crude leaf extracts of nine under-explored South African endemic plants from the Myrtaceae family with good antimicrobial activity were tested against pathogenic E. coli of porcine origin using a microplate serial dilution method. Bioautography, also with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet as growth indicator was used to view the number of bioactive compounds in each extract. In vitro toxicity of extracts was determined against Caco-2 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was tested on a panel of antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method while the anti-adherence mechanism was evaluated using a Caco-2 cell enterocyte anti-adhesion model. RESULTS The MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.07-0.14 mg/mL with S. legatii having the best mean MIC (0.05 mg/mL). Bioautography revealed at least two active bands in each plant extract. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values ranged between 0.03-0.66 mg/mL. Eugenia zeyheri least cytotoxic (LC50 = 0.66 mg/ml) while E. natalitia had the highest cytotoxicity (LC50 = 0.03 mg/mL). All the bacteria were completely resistant to doxycycline and colistin sulphate and many of the plant extracts significantly reduced adhesion of E. coli to Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of the plants had good antibacterial activity as well as a protective role on intestinal epithelial cells against enterotoxigenic E. coli bacterial adhesion. This supports the potential use of these species in limiting infection causes by E. coli. Some of these plants or extracts may be useful as phytogenic feed additives but it has to be investigated by animal feed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun M. Famuyide
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110 South Africa
| | - Abimbola O. Aro
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110 South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110 South Africa
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110 South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110 South Africa
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Berglund B, Chen B, Tärnberg M, Sun Q, Xu L, Welander J, Li Y, Bi Z, Nilsson M, Nilsson LE. Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli harboring mcr-1 and toxin genes from human fecal samples from China. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1647-1655. [PMID: 30489158 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli harboring the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 from human fecal samples collected in 2012 in a rural area of Shandong province, PR China. MATERIALS & METHODS Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 25 mcr-1-positive isolates to determine carriage of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles. RESULTS The isolates were highly genetically diverse and carried a large variety of different antibiotic resistance genes. The multidrug-resistance rate was high (96%). Virulence genes associated with intestinal pathogenic E. coli were carried by 32% of the isolates. CONCLUSION Further monitoring of the epidemiological situation is necessary to ensure a preparedness for potential emergence of novel, difficult-to-treat strains and awareness of available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Berglund
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Baoli Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Maria Tärnberg
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Qiang Sun
- Center for Health Management & Policy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.,Key Lab of Health Economics & Policy Research of Ministry of Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liuchen Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jenny Welander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenwang Bi
- Shandong Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Maud Nilsson
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart E Nilsson
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Jangra M, Randhawa HK, Kaur M, Srivastava A, Maurya N, Patil PP, Jaswal P, Arora A, Patil PB, Raje M, Nandanwar H. Purification, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation of Polymyxin A From Paenibacillus dendritiformis: An Underexplored Member of the Polymyxin Family. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2864. [PMID: 30532748 PMCID: PMC6265310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are of grave concern today. Polymyxins are considered as the last resorts of therapy to treat these multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. But their associated nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity calls for the development of safer polymyxin therapy until novel and less toxic antibiotics are discovered. No other polymyxin molecule except polymyxin B and E (colistin) is explored thoroughly in literature to demonstrate its clinical relevance. In the present study, we have isolated two antimicrobial compounds named P1 and P2 from the soil isolate Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain PV3-16, which we later identified as polymyxin A2 and A1 respectively. We tested their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against MDR clinical isolates, performed membrane permeabilization assays and determined their interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, we studied their toxicity against human Leukemic monocyte cell line (THP-1) and embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293). Both compounds displayed equal efficacy when compared with standard polymyxins. P1 was 2-4 fold more active in most of the clinical strains tested. Moreover, P1 showed higher affinity toward LPS. In cytotoxicity studies, P1 had IC50 value (>1000 μg/ml) similar to colistin against HEK cells but immune cells, i.e., THP-1 cell lines were more sensitive to polymyxins. P1 showed less toxicity in THP-1 cell line than all other polymyxins checked. To sum up, P1 (polymyxin A2) possessed better efficacy than polymyxin B and E and had least toxicity to immune cells. Since polymyxin A was not investigated thoroughly, we performed the comprehensive in vitro assessment of this molecule. Moreover, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of polymyxin A from P. dendritiformis. This compound should be further investigated for its in vivo efficacy and toxicity to develop it as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jangra
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Randhawa
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anugya Srivastava
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdezda Maurya
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prashant P Patil
- Bacterial Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Jaswal
- Cell Biology and Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Arora
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Prabhu B Patil
- Bacterial Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Cell Biology and Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhao P, Liu J, He K. Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 291:87-90. [PMID: 30476737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The global dissemination of colistin resistance has received a great deal of attention. Recently, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by mcr genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from animals, food, and patients in China has been reported frequently. To investigate the colistin resistance and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes spread in domestic animals in Jiangsu Province, we collected fecael swabs from pigs, chicken and cattle at different ages distributed in intensive feeding farms. The selective chromogenic agar and mcr-PCR were used to screen the colistin resistance and mcr gene carriage. Colistin resistant E. coli colonies were identified in 54.25% (440/811), 35.96% (443/1232), and 26.92% (42/156) faecal swabs from pigs, chickens, and cattle, respectively. The prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin resistant E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens and cattle was 68.86% (303/440), 87.58% (388/443), and 71.43% (30/42), respectively, compared to mcr-2 which was present in 46.82% (206/440), 14.90% (66/443), and 19.05% (8/42) of the colistin-resistant E. coli isolated from pigs, chickens and cattle, respectively. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 was identified in 20% (88/440) in pigs, 7.22% (32/443) in chickens, and 9.52% (4/42) in cattle. Interventions and alternative options are necessary to minimise further dissemination of mcr between food-producing animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - B Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Y Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - P Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - K He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Harwood CR, Mouillon JM, Pohl S, Arnau J. Secondary metabolite production and the safety of industrially important members of the Bacillus subtilis group. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:721-738. [PMID: 30053041 PMCID: PMC6199538 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the 'Bacillus subtilis group' include some of the most commercially important bacteria, used for the production of a wide range of industrial enzymes and fine biochemicals. Increasingly, group members have been developed for use as animal feed enhancers and antifungal biocontrol agents. The group has long been recognised to produce a range of secondary metabolites and, despite their long history of safe usage, this has resulted in an increased focus on their safety. Traditional methods used to detect the production of secondary metabolites and other potentially harmful compounds have relied on phenotypic tests. Such approaches are time consuming and, in some cases, lack specificity. Nowadays, accessibility to genome data and associated bioinformatical tools provides a powerful means for identifying gene clusters associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. This review focuses primarily on well-characterised strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis and their synthesis of non-ribosomally synthesised peptides and polyketides. Where known, the activities and toxicities of their secondary metabolites are discussed, together with the limitations of assays currently used to assess their toxicity. Finally, the regulatory framework under which such strains are authorised for use in the production of food and feed enzymes is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Harwood
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Mouillon
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoevej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Susanne Pohl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - José Arnau
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoevej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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Abstract
Polymyxins (e.g., colistin) are the drugs of last resort to treat multidrug-resistant infections in humans. To control mobile colistin resistance, there is a worldwide trend to limit colistin use in animal production. However, simply limiting colistin use in animal production may still not effectively mitigate colistin resistance due to an overlooked non-colistin usage factor(s). Using controlled systems, in this study, we observed that MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a popular in-feed antibiotic used in food animals. Thus, imprudent and extensive usage of bacitracin in food animals may serve as a non-colistin usage risk factor for the transmissible colistin resistance. Further comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies are highly warranted to generate science-based information for risk assessment and risk management of colistin resistance, consequently facilitating the development of proactive and effective strategies to mitigate colistin resistance in animal production system and protect public health. Extensive use of colistin in food animals is deemed a major driving force for the emergence and transmission of mcr-1. However, a non-colistin usage factor(s) contributing to mobile colistin resistance may also exist in animal production systems. Given that polymyxin, a bacterium-derived peptide antibiotic, has been successfully used as a surrogate to study bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), acquisition of MCR-1 may confer cross-resistance to the unrelated AMPs implicated in practical applications. To test this, we first constructed Escherichia coli recombinant strains differing only in the presence or absence of functional MCR-1. Among diverse tested AMPs, MCR-1 was observed to confer cross-resistance to bacitracin, an in-feed antibiotic widely used in animal industry. The significantly (2-fold) increased bacitracin MIC was confirmed by using different bacitracin products, broth media, and laboratory host strains for susceptibility tests. Subsequently, an original mcr-1 gene-bearing plasmid, pSLy21, was conjugatively transferred to eight clinical E. coli recipient strains isolated from diarrheic pigs, which also led to significantly increased MICs of both colistin (4-fold to 8-fold) and bacitracin (2-fold). Growth curve examination further demonstrated that MCR-1 provides a growth advantage to various E. coli strains in the presence of bacitracin. Given that bacitracin, a feed additive displaying low absorption in the intestine, can be used in food animals with no withdrawal required, imprudent use of bacitracin in food animals may serve as a risk factor to enhance the ecological fitness of MCR-1-positive E. coli strains, consequently facilitating the persistence and transmission of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in agricultural ecosystem. IMPORTANCE Polymyxins (e.g., colistin) are the drugs of last resort to treat multidrug-resistant infections in humans. To control mobile colistin resistance, there is a worldwide trend to limit colistin use in animal production. However, simply limiting colistin use in animal production may still not effectively mitigate colistin resistance due to an overlooked non-colistin usage factor(s). Using controlled systems, in this study, we observed that MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a popular in-feed antibiotic used in food animals. Thus, imprudent and extensive usage of bacitracin in food animals may serve as a non-colistin usage risk factor for the transmissible colistin resistance. Further comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies are highly warranted to generate science-based information for risk assessment and risk management of colistin resistance, consequently facilitating the development of proactive and effective strategies to mitigate colistin resistance in animal production system and protect public health.
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77
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Dandachi I, Fayad E, El-Bazzal B, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli and Emergence of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene in Lebanese Swine Farms. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:233-240. [PMID: 30142027 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock are considered reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms that can be transferred to humans through direct/indirect routes. Once transmitted, these organisms can be responsible for infections with therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Lebanese swine farms. In May 2017, 114 fecal samples were collected from swine farms in south Lebanon. Separate media supplemented with cefotaxime, ertapenem, and colistin were used for the screening of resistant organisms. Double-disk synergy test and ampC disk test were performed to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampC producers, respectively. Detection of beta-lactamase and mcr genes was performed using real time PCR. Of 114 fecal samples, 76 showed growth on the medium with cefotaxime. In total, 111 strains were isolated with 94.5% being Escherichia coli. Phenotypic tests showed that 98, 6, and 7 strains were ESBL, ampC, and ESBL/ampC producers, respectively. CTX-M and CMY were the main beta-lactamase genes detected. On the medium with colistin, 19 samples showed growth. In total, 23 colistin-resistant E. coli strains harboring the mcr-1 gene were isolated. This is the first study in Lebanon determining multidrug resistance epidemiology in pigs. The prevalence of ESBLs is high and the emergence of colistin resistance is alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon .,2 IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée-Infection, Aix Marseille University , Marseille, France
| | - Elie Fayad
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ziad Daoud
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 2 IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée-Infection, Aix Marseille University , Marseille, France
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Hassan YI, Lahaye L, Gong MM, Peng J, Gong J, Liu S, Gay CG, Yang C. Innovative drugs, chemicals, and enzymes within the animal production chain. Vet Res 2018; 49:71. [PMID: 30060767 PMCID: PMC6066918 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming number of recently reported human illnesses with bacterial infections resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has become a serious concern in recent years. This phenomenon is a core challenge for both the medical and animal health communities, since the use of antibiotics has formed the cornerstone of modern medicine for treating bacterial infections. The empirical benefits of using antibiotics to address animal health issues in animal agriculture (using therapeutic doses) and increasing the overall productivity of animals (using sub-therapeutic doses) are well established. The use of antibiotics to enhance profitability margins in the animal production industry is still practiced worldwide. Although many technical and economic reasons gave rise to these practices, the continued emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is furthering the need to reduce the use of medically important antibiotics. This will require improving on-farm management and biosecurity practices, and the development of effective antibiotic alternatives that will reduce the dependence on antibiotics within the animal industry in the foreseeable future. A number of approaches are being closely scrutinized and optimized to achieve this goal, including the development of promising antibiotic alternatives to control bacterial virulence through quorum-sensing disruption, the use of synthetic polymers and nanoparticles, the exploitation of recombinant enzymes/proteins (such as glucose oxidases, alkaline phosphatases and proteases), and the use of phytochemicals. This review explores the most recent approaches within this context and provides a summary of practical mitigation strategies for the extensive use of antibiotics within the animal production chain in addition to several future challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | | | - Max M. Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Jian Peng
- College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- Office of National Programs, Animal Production and Protection, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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Borowiak M, Fischer J, Hammerl JA, Hendriksen RS, Szabo I, Malorny B. Identification of a novel transposon-associated phosphoethanolamine transferase gene, mcr-5, conferring colistin resistance in d-tartrate fermenting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:3317-3324. [PMID: 28962028 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Plasmid-mediated mobilized colistin resistance is currently known to be caused by phosphoethanolamine transferases termed MCR-1, MCR-2, MCR-3 and MCR-4. However, this study focuses on the dissection of a novel resistance mechanism in mcr-1-, mcr-2- and mcr-3-negative d-tartrate fermenting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+) isolates with colistin MIC values >2 mg/L. Methods A selected isolate from the strain collection of the German National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella was investigated by WGS and bioinformatical analysis to identify novel phosphoethanolamine transferase genes involved in colistin resistance. Subsequently PCR screening, S1-PFGE and DNA-DNA hybridization were performed to analyse the prevalence and location of the identified mcr-5 gene. Cloning and transformation experiments in Escherichia coli DH5α and Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+ control strains were carried out and the activity of MCR-5 was determined in vitro by MIC testing. Results In this study, we identified a novel phosphoethanolamine transferase in 14 mcr-1-, mcr-2- and mcr-3-negative Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+ isolates with colistin MIC values >2 mg/L that were received during 2011-13. The respective gene, further termed as mcr-5 (1644 bp), is part of a 7337 bp transposon of the Tn3 family and usually located on related multi-copy ColE-type plasmids. Interestingly, in one isolate an additional subclone with a chromosomal location of the mcr-5 transposon was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the transfer of colistin-resistance-mediating phosphoethanolamine transferase genes from bacterial chromosomes to mobile genetic elements has occurred in multiple independent events raising concern regarding their variety, prevalence and impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borowiak
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens A Hammerl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Istvan Szabo
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Malorny
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
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Rhouma M, Bessalah S, Salhi I, Thériault W, Fairbrother JM, Fravalo P. Screening for fecal presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in camel-calves in southern Tunisia. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:35. [PMID: 29866140 PMCID: PMC5987542 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to harbor multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Data on the occurrence of colistin resistant Escherichia coli as well as mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes in camels are lacking. We investigated the presence of colistin resistance and mcr (1-2) genes in E. coli from the feces of camels in Tunisia. Presumptive E. coli isolates from camel-calves in southern Tunisia were qualitatively screened for growth on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2 mg/L of colistin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of colistin was determined for isolates growing on this medium. All isolates were screened for the presence of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction without detecting any of these genes. However, one isolate was confirmed resistant to colistin and further testing of this isolate revealed it to be Enterobacter cloacae. Our study demonstrated absence of colistin resistance and of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in E. coli isolated from camel feces in southern Tunisia. Thus, there is no evidence that camels represent a major source of mcr genes contamination for the local population or for tourists visiting southern Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Salma Bessalah
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Imed Salhi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - William Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
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81
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Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in animals: current status and future directions. Anim Health Res Rev 2018; 18:136-152. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252317000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractColistin, a peptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin family, is one of the last effective drugs for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. Recent discovery of a novel mobile colistin resistance gene,mcr-1, from people and food animals has caused a significant public health concern and drawn worldwide attention. Extensive usage of colistin in food animals has been proposed as a major driving force for the emergence and transmission ofmcr-1; thus, there is a worldwide trend to limit colistin usage in animal production. However, despite lack of colistin usage in food animals in the USA,mcr-1-positiveEscherichia coliisolates were still isolated from swine. In this paper, we provided an overview of colistin usage and epidemiology ofmcr-1in food animals, and summarized the current status of mechanistic and evolutionary studies of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. Based on published information, we further discussed several non-colistin usage risk factors that may contribute to the persistence, transmission, and emergence of colistin resistance in an animal production system. Filling the knowledge gaps identified in this review is critical for risk assessment and risk management of colistin resistance, which will facilitate proactive and effective strategies to mitigate colistin resistance in future animal production systems.
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82
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Dandachi I, Sokhn ES, Dahdouh EA, Azar E, El-Bazzal B, Rolain JM, Daoud Z. Prevalence and Characterization of Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Lebanese Poultry: A Nationwide Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:550. [PMID: 29628921 PMCID: PMC5876231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most prominent public health issues. In fact, there is increasing evidence that animals constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. In collaboration with the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal carriage of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli in poultry farms at the national level. Between August and December 2015, 981 fecal swabs were obtained from 49 poultry farms distributed across Lebanon. The swabs were subcultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/ml). Isolated strains were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Multilocus sequence typing analysis was performed for Escherichia coli. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC production was performed using double disk synergy and the ampC disk test, respectively. β-lactamase encoding genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaFOX, blaMOX, blaEBC, blaACC, blaDHA, and blaCMY using PCR amplification. Out of 981 fecal swabs obtained, 203 (20.6%) showed bacterial growth on the selective medium. Of the 235 strains isolated, 217 were identified as E. coli (92%), eight as Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%), three as Proteus mirabilis (1%) and three as Enterobacter cloacae (1%). MLST analysis of E. coli isolates showed the presence of ST156, ST5470, ST354, ST155, and ST3224. The phenotypic tests revealed that 43.5, 28.5, and 20.5% of the strains were ampC, ESBL, and ampC/ESBL producers, respectively. The putative TEM gene was detected in 83% of the isolates, SHV in 20%, CTX-M in 53% and CMY ampC β-lactamase gene in 65%. Our study showed that chicken farms in Lebanon are reservoirs of ESBL and AmpC producing Gram-negative bacilli. The level of antibiotic consumption in the Lebanese veterinary medicine should be evaluated. Future studies should focus on the risk factors associated with the acquisition of multi-drug-resistant organisms in farm animals in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.,IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Elie S Sokhn
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A Dahdouh
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eid Azar
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
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83
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Principe L, Piazza A, Mauri C, Anesi A, Bracco S, Brigante G, Casari E, Agrappi C, Caltagirone M, Novazzi F, Migliavacca R, Pagani L, Luzzaro F. Multicenter prospective study on the prevalence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli: relevance of mcr-1-positive clinical isolates in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:377-385. [PMID: 29563818 PMCID: PMC5849922 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s160489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism in Escherichia coli has raised concern among public health experts as colistin is a last-line antimicrobial resort. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of this resistance trait in E. coli isolates circulating in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. The presence of mcr-type genes and their genetic relationship were also studied. Materials and methods A prospective study was performed during a 4-month period (May to August, 2016) in six acute care Hospitals. Consecutive nonduplicate clinical isolates of E. coli from any type of clinical specimen, with the exception of rectal swabs, were included in the study. Isolates that exhibited MIC values for colistin >2 mg/L were further investigated. Bacterial identification was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Amplification of mcr-type genes (−1 to −5 variants) and microarray analysis were accomplished. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were used for genotyping. Results Overall, 3,902 consecutive E. coli isolates (2,342 from outpatients, 1,560 from inpatients) were evaluated during the study period. Of them, 18/3,902 (0.5%), collected from 4/6 centers, showed resistance to colistin. These isolates were mostly obtained from urine of both outpatients (n=12) and inpatients (n=6). Colistin MIC values ranged from 4 to 8 mg/L. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 10/18 isolates (7 from outpatients, 3 from inpatients). Rep-PCR and MLST analysis revealed the presence of nine different clusters. Further mcr-type genes were not detected. Conclusion Resistance to colistin in E. coli clinical isolates appears low in our geographic area. With regard to mcr-1-positive isolates, they accounted for approximately 50% of colistin-resistant E. coli isolates, thus representing a relevant resistance mechanism in this context. Although overall limited, the presence of mcr-1 determinant in our region should not be ignored and great concern should be given to the continuous surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Aurora Piazza
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Mauri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Adriano Anesi
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Erminia Casari
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS "Humanitas," Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Agrappi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy
| | - Mariasofia Caltagirone
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Pagani
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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84
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Carattoli A, Villa L, Feudi C, Curcio L, Orsini S, Luppi A, Pezzotti G, Magistrali CF. Novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-4 gene in Salmonella and Escherichia coli, Italy 2013, Spain and Belgium, 2015 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30589. [PMID: 28797329 PMCID: PMC5553062 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.31.30589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel mcr colistin resistance gene was identified in a strain of Salmonella enterica, monophasic variant of serovar Typhimurium (4,5,12:i:- ), isolated from a pig at slaughter in Italy in 2013, and in Escherichia coli strains collected during routine diagnostic of post-weaning diarrhoea in pigs from Spain and Belgium in 2015 and 2016. Immediate implementation of mcr-screening including this novel gene variant is required for Salmonella and E. coli from humans and food-producing animals in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Feudi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludovica Curcio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serenella Orsini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pezzotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
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85
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Al Baz M, Law MR, Saadeh R. Antibiotics use among Palestine refugees attending UNRWA primary health care centers in Jordan - A cross-sectional study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 22:25-29. [PMID: 29458088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics is increasing in Jordanian refugee camps and consequently so too is bacterial resistance. About one-third of health expenditures at UNRWA health centers in Jordan are attributed to antibiotics. OBJECTIVE We studied knowledge, attitude and behaviour of Palestine refugees attending UNRWA health centers in Jordan regarding antibiotic use in order to plan public health interventions accordingly. METHODS A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey among 250 adult Palestine refugees at four different health centers was conducted. RESULTS Irrational antibiotic use was widespread: 63% of patients share antibiotics at home, 38% use left-over antibiotics and 60% purchase antibiotics directly from the pharmacy without prescription (OTC) .1 At the same time, knowledge about antibiotics side effects, resistance, and target agent was low. 90% of patients trust their doctor, however long waiting hours prevent them from seeking medical advice, which significantly increased self-medication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a strong need for public education about antibiotics. In addition, health institutional level improvements such as shorter waiting hours and strict regulations prohibiting dispensing without prescription are necessary to combat growing bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysun Al Baz
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael R Law
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rawan Saadeh
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, UNRWA HQ (A), Amman, Jordan
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86
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Investigation of potential risk factors for the occurrence of Escherichia coli isolates from German fattening pig farms harbouring the mcr-1 colistin–resistance gene. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:177-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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87
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Interplay between Colistin Resistance, Virulence and Fitness in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6040028. [PMID: 29160808 PMCID: PMC5745471 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen often resistant to multiple antibiotics classes. Colistin, an “old” antibiotic, is now considered a last-line treatment option for extremely resistant isolates. In the meantime, resistance to colistin has been reported in clinical A. baumannii strains. Colistin is a cationic peptide that disrupts the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance is primarily due to post-translational modification or loss of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules inserted into the outer leaflet of the OM. LPS modification prevents the binding of polymyxin to the bacterial surface and may lead to alterations in bacterial virulence. Antimicrobial pressure drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and resistance is often associated with a reduced bacterial fitness. Therefore, the alterations in LPS may induce changes in the fitness of A. baumannii. However, compensatory mutations in clinical A. baumannii may ameliorate the cost of resistance and may play an important role in the dissemination of colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. The focus of this review is to summarize the colistin resistance mechanisms, and understand their impact on the fitness and virulence of bacteria and on the dissemination of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains.
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88
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Fan T, Sun Y, Peng J, Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhou X. Combination of amplified rDNA restriction analysis and high-throughput sequencing revealed the negative effect of colistin sulfate on the diversity of soil microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2017; 206:9-15. [PMID: 29146264 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colistin sulfate is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. However, its effect on the microbial ecologyis unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of colistin sulfate on the diversity of soil microorganisms by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and high-throughput sequencing.ARDRAshowed that the diversity of DNA from soil microorganisms was reduced after soil was treated with colistin sulfate, with the most dramatic reductionobserved after 35days of treatment. High-throughput sequencing showed that the Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimators (ACE) were reduced in the soils treated with colistin sulfate for 35 dayscompared to those treated with colistin sulfate for 7days. Furthermore, Chao1 and ACE tended to be lower when higher concentration of colistin sulfate was used, suggesting that the microbial abundance is reduced by colistin sulfate in a dose-dependent manner. Shannon index showed that the diversity of soil microorganism was reduced upon treatment with colistin sulfate compared to the untreated control group. Following 7days of treatment, Bacillus, Clostridiumand Sphingomonas were sensitive to all the concentration of colistin sulfate used in this study. Following 35days of treatment, the abundance of Choroplast, Haliangium, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, and Clostridium was significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that colistin sulfate especially at high concentration (≥5mg/kg) could alter the population structure of microorganisms and consequently the microbial community function in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinju Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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89
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Curcio L, Luppi A, Bonilauri P, Gherpelli Y, Pezzotti G, Pesciaroli M, Magistrali CF. Detection of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in pathogenic Escherichia coli from pigs affected by post-weaning diarrhoea in Italy. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:80-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Luppi A. Swine enteric colibacillosis: diagnosis, therapy and antimicrobial resistance. Porcine Health Manag 2017; 3:16. [PMID: 28794894 PMCID: PMC5547460 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-017-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important disease in swine resulting in significant economic losses. Knowledge about the epidemiology, the diagnostic approach and methods of control are of fundamental importance to tackle the disease. The ETEC causing neonatal colibacillosis mostly carry the fimbriae F4 (k88), F5 (k99), F6 (987P) or F41, while the ETEC of post-weaning diarrhoea carry the fimbriae F4 (k88) and F18. These fimbriae adhere to specific receptors on porcine intestinal brush border epithelial cells (enterocytes), starting the process of enteric infection. After this colonization, the bacteria produce one or more enterotoxins inducing diarrhoea, such as the heat stable toxin a (STa), the heat stable toxin b (STb), and the heat labile toxin (LT). A role in the pathogenesis of the disease was demonstrated for these toxins. The diagnosis of enteric colibacillosis is based on the isolation and quantification of the pathogenic E.coli coupled with the demonstration by PCR of the genes encoding for virulence factors (fimbriae and toxins). The diagnostic approach to enteric colibacillosis must consider the differential diagnosis and the potential different causes that can be involved in the outbreak. Among the different methods of control of colibacillosis, the use of antimicrobials is widely practiced and antibiotics are used in two main ways: as prophylactic or metaphylactic treatment to prevent disease and for therapeutic purposes to treat diseased pigs. An accurate diagnosis of enteric colibacillosis needs an appropriate sampling for the isolation and quantification of the ETEC responsible for the outbreak by using semi-quantitative bacteriology. Definitive diagnosis is based on the presence of characteristic lesions and results of bacteriology along with confirmation of appropriate virulence factors to identify the isolated E.coli. It is important to confirm the diagnosis and to perform antimicrobial sensitivity tests because antimicrobial sensitivity varies greatly among E. coli isolates. Growing concern on the increase of antimicrobial resistance force a more rational use of antibiotics and this can be achieved through a correct understanding of the issues related to antibiotic therapy and to the use of antibiotics by both practitioners and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
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91
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Tijet N, Faccone D, Rapoport M, Seah C, Pasterán F, Ceriana P, Albornoz E, Corso A, Petroni A, Melano RG. Molecular characteristics of mcr-1-carrying plasmids and new mcr-1 variant recovered from polyclonal clinical Escherichia coli from Argentina and Canada. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180347. [PMID: 28678874 PMCID: PMC5498056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized nine mcr-1-harboring plasmids from clinical Escherichia coli isolates previously described in Argentina and Canada. Three of these plasmids carried a mcr-1-variant called here mcr-1.5. All these E. coli isolates were not clonally related and were recovered in different years and locations. However, their mcr-1-harboring plasmids showed high identity among them and to others characterized in other countries, which strongly suggests that this plasmid-type is playing an important role in spreading this mechanism of resistance to polymyxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tijet
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diego Faccone
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Rapoport
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christine Seah
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Pasterán
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Ceriana
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Albornoz
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Petroni
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS “Dr. C. Malbran”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto G. Melano
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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92
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Cheesman MJ, Ilanko A, Blonk B, Cock IE. Developing New Antimicrobial Therapies: Are Synergistic Combinations of Plant Extracts/Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics the Solution? Pharmacogn Rev 2017; 11:57-72. [PMID: 28989242 PMCID: PMC5628525 DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_21_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin nearly 90 years ago revolutionized the treatment of bacterial disease. Since that time, numerous other antibiotics have been discovered from bacteria and fungi, or developed by chemical synthesis and have become effective chemotherapeutic options. However, the misuse of antibiotics has lessened the efficacy of many commonly used antibiotics. The emergence of resistant strains of bacteria has seriously limited our ability to treat bacterial illness, and new antibiotics are desperately needed. Since the discovery of penicillin, most antibiotic development has focused on the discovery of new antibiotics derived from microbial sources, or on the synthesis of new compounds using existing antibiotic scaffolds to the detriment of other lines of discovery. Both of these methods have been fruitful. However, for a number of reasons discussed in this review, these strategies are unlikely to provide the same wealth of new antibiotics in the future. Indeed, the number of newly developed antibiotics has decreased dramatically in recent years. Instead, a reexamination of traditional medicines has become more common and has already provided several new antibiotics. Traditional medicine plants are likely to provide further new antibiotics in the future. However, the use of plant extracts or pure natural compounds in combination with conventional antibiotics may hold greater promise for rapidly providing affordable treatment options. Indeed, some combinational antibiotic therapies are already clinically available. This study reviews the recent literature on combinational antibiotic therapies to highlight their potential and to guide future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Cheesman
- School of Parmacy and Pharmacology, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Aishwarya Ilanko
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Baxter Blonk
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ian E. Cock
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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93
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Viel A, Henri J, Perrin-Guyomard A, Laroche J, Couet W, Grégoire N, Laurentie M. Lack of experimental evidence to support mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strain selection during oral administration of colistin at recommended and higher dose given by gavage in weaned piglets. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:128-131. [PMID: 28668687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the selective effect of colistin administered orally to healthy weaned piglets harbouring an intestinal mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strain. Maximum recommended dose and a higher dose often used in European pig farms were given by gavage. No selection of the mcr-1-positive strain was observed in our controlled conditions, irrespective of the dose. Further investigations in real farming conditions seem necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Viel
- Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Fougères, Fougères, France
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Anses, Laboratoire de Fougères, Fougères, France
| | | | - Julian Laroche
- Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France; CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - William Couet
- Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Grégoire
- Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.
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94
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Rhouma M, Fairbrother JM, Beaudry F, Letellier A. Post weaning diarrhea in pigs: risk factors and non-colistin-based control strategies. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:31. [PMID: 28526080 PMCID: PMC5437690 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is one of the most serious threats for the swine industry worldwide. It is commonly associated with the proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the pig intestine. Colistin, a cationic antibiotic, is widely used in swine for the oral treatment of intestinal infections caused by E. coli, and particularly of PWD. However, despite the effectiveness of this antibiotic in the treatment of PWD, several studies have reported high rates of colistin resistant E. coli in swine. Furthermore, this antibiotic is considered of very high importance in humans, being used for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Moreover, the recent discovery of the mcr-1 gene encoding for colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae on a conjugative stable plasmid has raised great concern about the possible loss of colistin effectiveness for the treatment of MDR-GNB in humans. Consequently, it has been proposed that the use of colistin in animal production should be considered as a last resort treatment only. Thus, to overcome the economic losses, which would result from the restriction of use of colistin, especially for prophylactic purposes in PWD control, we believe that an understanding of the factors contributing to the development of this disease and the putting in place of practical alternative strategies for the control of PWD in swine is crucial. Such alternatives should improve animal gut health and reduce economic losses in pigs without promoting bacterial resistance. The present review begins with an overview of risk factors of PWD and an update of colistin use in PWD control worldwide in terms of quantities and microbiological outcomes. Subsequently, alternative strategies to the use of colistin for the control of this disease are described and discussed. Finally, a practical approach for the control of PWD in its various phases is proposed.
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95
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Venter H, Henningsen ML, Begg SL. Antimicrobial resistance in healthcare, agriculture and the environment: the biochemistry behind the headlines. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:1-10. [PMID: 28258225 PMCID: PMC5900547 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious issues facing us today. The scale of the problem is illustrated by the recent commitment of Heads of State at the UN to coordinate efforts to curb the spread of AMR infections. In this review, we explore the biochemistry behind the headlines of a few stories that were recently published in the public media. We focus on examples from three different issues related to AMR: (i) hospital-acquired infections, (ii) the spread of resistance through animals and/or the environment and (iii) the role of antimicrobial soaps and other products containing disinfectants in the dissemination of AMR. Although these stories stem from three very different settings, the underlying message in all of them is the same: there is a direct relationship between the use of antimicrobials and the development of resistance. In addition, one type of antimicrobial could select for cross-resistance to another type and/or for multidrug resistance. Therefore, we argue the case for increased stewardship to not only cover clinical use of antibiotics, but also the use of antimicrobials in agriculture and stewardship of our crucially important biocides such as chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael L Henningsen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Begg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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96
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A Phage-Like IncY Plasmid Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in Escherichia coli from a Pig Farm in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02035-16. [PMID: 28031198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02035-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a new type of plasmid that carries the mcr-1 gene, the pMCR-1-P3 plasmid, harbored in an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a pig farm in China. pMCR-1-P3 belongs to the IncY incompatibility group and is a phage-like plasmid that contains a large portion of phage-related sequences. The backbone of this plasmid is different from that of other mcr-1-carrying plasmids reported previously.
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97
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Various Sequence Types of Escherichia coli Isolates Coharboring blaNDM-5 and mcr-1 Genes from a Commercial Swine Farm in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02167-16. [PMID: 27993847 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02167-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen different sequence types (STs) of Escherichia coli isolates from a commercial swine farm in China were confirmed to coharbor the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM-5 and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 Whole-genome sequencing revealed that blaNDM-5 and mcr-1 were located on a 46-kb IncX3 plasmid and a 32-kb IncX4 plasmid, respectively. The two plasmids can transfer together with a low fitness cost, which might explain the presence of various STs of E. coli coharboring blaNDM-5 and mcr-1.
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98
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Fleury MA, Le Goff O, Denis S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Jouy E, Kempf I, Alric M, Blanquet-Diot S. Development and validation of a new dynamic in vitro model of the piglet colon (PigutIVM): application to the study of probiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2533-2547. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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99
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Rhouma M, Letellier A. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and the mcr-1 gene: is there a historical link? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:269-271. [PMID: 28161487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasmid mediated mcr-1 gene encoding for Enterobacteriaceae colistin resistance has been recently identified across five continents. The objective of the present study was to trace historical events concerning the discovery and emergence of the mcr-1 gene along with ESBL and carbapenemase genes since several studies have reported identifying mcr-1 genes among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase producing Escherichia coli. A retrospective study reported the identification of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli strains isolated in the 1980s, and this seems to correspond to the first identification of ESBL enzymes. The first discovery of the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) in 2009 was associated with a significant increase in mcr-1 gene prevalence in E. coli strains obtained from food producing animals. We noticed that a historical link has existed between mcr-1, ESBL and carbapenemase genes since the 1980s, and we believe that the re-evaluation of colistin use in livestock needs an overall approach that includes not only colistin use reduction but also the reduction of all antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
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100
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Rhouma M, Fairbrother JM, Thériault W, Beaudry F, Bergeron N, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Letellier A. The fecal presence of enterotoxin and F4 genes as an indicator of efficacy of treatment with colistin sulfate in pigs. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28056796 PMCID: PMC5217267 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains producing multiple enterotoxins are important causes of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fecal presence of ETEC enterotoxin as well as F4 and F18 genes as an indicator of colistin sulfate (CS) efficacy for treatment of PWD in pigs. Forty-eight piglets were weaned at the age of 21 days, and were divided into four groups: challenged treated, challenged untreated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Challenge was performed using 109 CFU of an ETEC: F4 strain, and treatment was conducted using oral CS at the dose of 50,000 IU/kg. The fecal presence of genes encoding for STa, STb, LT, F4 and F18 was detected using PCR. Results The PCR amplification of ETEC virulence genes showed that nearly 100% of pigs excreted genes encoding for STa and STb toxins in the feces before the challenge. These genes, in the absence of the gene encoding F4, were considered as a marker for F4-negative ETEC. One day after ETEC: F4 oral challenge pigs in the two challenged groups excreted the genes encoding LT and F4 in the feces. These genes were considered as a marker for F4-positive ETEC. However, the gene encoding F18 was not detected in any fecal samples of the 4 groups throughout the experiment. After only 3 days of successive oral treatment with CS, a significant reduction in both the F4-positive and negative ETEC populations was observed in the challenged treated group compared to the challenged untreated group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our study is among the first to report that under controlled farming conditions, oral CS treatment had a significant effect on both fecal F4-positive and F4-negative ETEC in pigs. However, CS clinical efficiency was correlated with non-detection of F4-positive ETEC in the feces. Furthermore the fecal presence of F4-negative ETEC was not associated with clinical symptoms of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0915-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. .,Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. .,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Nadia Bergeron
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Sylvette Laurent-Lewandowski
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de recherche industrielle du CRSNG en salubrité des viandes (CRSV), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. .,Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. .,Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. .,Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire - Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
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