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Berga M, Logviss K, Lauberte L, Paulausks A, Mohylyuk V. Flavonoids in the Spotlight: Bridging the Gap between Physicochemical Properties and Formulation Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1407. [PMID: 37895878 PMCID: PMC10610233 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are hydroxylated polyphenols that are widely distributed in plants with diverse health benefits. Despite their popularity, the bioavailability of flavonoids is often overlooked, impacting their efficacy and the comparison of products. The study discusses the bioavailability-related physicochemical properties of flavonoids, with a focus on the poorly soluble compounds commonly found in dietary supplements and herbal products. This review sums up the values of pKa, log P, solubility, permeability, and melting temperature of flavonoids. Experimental and calculated data were compiled for various flavonoid subclasses, revealing variations in their physicochemical properties. The investigation highlights the challenges posed by poorly soluble flavonoids and underscores the need for enabling formulation approaches to enhance their bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Compared to aglycones, flavonoid glycosides (with sugar moieties) tend to be more hydrophilic. Most of the reviewed aglycones and glycosides exhibit relatively low log P and high melting points, making them "brick dust" candidates. To improve solubility and absorption, strategies like size reduction, the potential use of solid dispersions and carriers, as well as lipid-based formulations have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valentyn Mohylyuk
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Halder J, Mahanty R, Rajwar TK, Rai VK, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Nanofibers of Glycyrrhizin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Enhanced Solubility Profile and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Glycyrrhizin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:196. [PMID: 37783948 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite having a wide range of therapeutic advantages, glycyrrhizin (GL) has few commercial applications due to its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, we combined the benefits of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) supramolecular inclusion complexes and electrospun nanofibers to improve the solubility and therapeutic potential of GL. A molecular inclusion complex containing GL and HP-βCD was prepared by lyophilization at a 1:2 molar ratio. GL and hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were also incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) nanofibers. Prepared NF was analyzed for physical, chemical, thermal, and pharmaceutical properties. Additionally, a rat model of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and macrophage cell lines was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of GL-HP-βCD NF. The DSC and XRD analyses clearly showed the amorphous state of GL in nanofibers. In comparison to pure GL, GL-HP-βCD NF displayed improved release (46.6 ± 2.16% in 5 min) and dissolution profiles (water dissolvability ≤ 6 s). Phase solubility results showed a four-fold increase in GL solubility in GL-HP-βCD NF. In vitro experiments on cell lines showed that inflammatory markers like IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly lower in GL-HP-βCD NF compared to pure GL (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). According to in vivo results, the prepared nanofiber exhibits a better anti-inflammatory effect than pure GL (63.4% inhibition vs 53.7% inhibition). The findings presented here suggested that GL-HP-βCD NF could serve as a useful strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu Halder
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritu Mahanty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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53
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Liu J, Li X, Wang H, Ren Y, Li Y, Guo F. Bavachinin selectively modulates PPAR γ and maintains bone homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4457-4472. [PMID: 37308719 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Full peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), effectively prevent the process of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), but their side effects have curtailed use in the clinic, including weight gain and bone loss. Here, we identified that a selective PPAR γ modulator, Bavachinin (BVC), isolated from the seeds of Psoralea Corylifolia L., could potently regulate bone homeostasis. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells and C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells were assessed for osteogenic differentiation activities, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were assessed osteoclasts formation. Leptin receptor-deficient mice and diet-induced obesity mice were applied to evaluate the effect of BVC on bone homeostasis in vivo. Compared to full PPAR γ agonist rosiglitazone, BVC significantly increased the osteogenesis differentiation activities under normal and high glucose conditions in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, BVC could alleviate osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, synthesized BVC prodrug (BN) has been applied to improve water solubility, increase the extent of oral absorption of BVC and prolong its residence time in blood circulation. BN could prevent weight gain, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain bone mass and bone biomechanical properties. BVC, a unique PPAR γ selective modulator, could maintain bone homeostasis, and its prodrug (BN) exhibits insulin sensitizer activity while circumventing the side effects of the TZDs, including bone loss and undesirable weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ren
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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54
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McKay TB, Emmitte KA, German C, Karamichos D. Quercetin and Related Analogs as Therapeutics to Promote Tissue Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1127. [PMID: 37892857 PMCID: PMC10604618 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a polyphenol of the flavonoid class of secondary metabolites that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Quercetin has been found to exhibit potent bioactivity in the areas of wound healing, neuroprotection, and anti-aging research. Naturally found in highly glycosylated forms, aglycone quercetin has low solubility in aqueous environments, which has heavily limited its clinical applications. To improve the stability and bioavailability of quercetin, efforts have been made to chemically modify quercetin and related flavonoids so as to improve aqueous solubility while retaining bioactivity. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the biological properties of quercetin and proposed mechanisms of actions in the context of wound healing and aging. We also provide a description of recent developments in synthetic approaches to improve the solubility and stability of quercetin and related analogs for therapeutic applications. Further research in these areas is expected to enable translational applications to improve ocular wound healing and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Carrie German
- CFD Research Corporation, Computational Biology Division, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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55
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Tian H, Ma Z, Yang H, Wang Y, Ren H, Zhao P, Fan W, Tian Y, Wang Y, Wang R. Fermentation of Persimmon Leaves Extract by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00859-z. [PMID: 37713067 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon leaves usually as agricultural and forestry waste were fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth and metabolic performances of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae, as well as the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant abilities of the extract was investigated, including the content of flavonoids, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical clearance rates. Growth of L. plantarum was limited, even though the acid production was sustainable, while S. cerevisiae was more suitable to inhabit in the persimmon leaves extract. A symbiotic relationship was observed between the two microbes, reflected in aspects of growth of S. cerevisiae, pH reduction, and ethanol production. The DPPH radical clearance rates of all groups decreased at the early period, and increased later. The co-culture group reached the second highest value of DPPH radical clearance rate only next to the single group of L. plantarum at 9 h. All groups showed an overall downward trend of the hydroxyl radical clearance rates during the 9 h-fermentation. These findings highlight the promising industrial application of fermentation of the plant-based materials with Lactiplantibacillus and Saccharomyces species to improve the biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqin Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Wang
- Gansu Qimu Dairy Co., Ltd (Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group), Jiayuguan, 735100, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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56
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Attar ES, Chaudhari VH, Deokar CG, Dyawanapelly S, Devarajan PV. Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for an Oral Bioenhanced Quercetin Formulation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:495-514. [PMID: 37523008 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been credited with a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. However, the oral use of quercetin is limited due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and rapid plasma clearance. Quercetin has been studied extensively when used with various nanodelivery systems for enhancing quercetin bioavailability. To enhance its oral bioavailability and efficacy, various quercetin-loaded nanosystems such as nanosuspensions, polymer nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, emulsions, liposomes or phytosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and other lipid-based nanoparticles have been investigated in in-vitro cells, in-vivo animal models, and humans. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, quercetin phytosomes are attracting more interest and are available on the market. The present review covers insights into the possibilities of harnessing quercetin for several therapeutic applications and a special focus on anticancer applications and the clinical benefits of nanoquercetin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha S Attar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vanashree H Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chaitanya G Deokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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57
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de Luna FCF, Ferreira WAS, Casseb SMM, de Oliveira EHC. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: An Overview with an Emphasis on Tangeretin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1229. [PMID: 37765037 PMCID: PMC10537037 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds with pharmacological activity, flavonoids have been the subject of an exponential increase in studies in the field of scientific research focused on therapeutic purposes due to their bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antibacterial, antiviral, neuroprotective, radioprotective, and antitumor activities. The biological potential of flavonoids, added to their bioavailability, cost-effectiveness, and minimal side effects, direct them as promising cytotoxic anticancer compounds in the optimization of therapies and the search for new drugs in the treatment of cancer, since some extensively antineoplastic therapeutic approaches have become less effective due to tumor resistance to drugs commonly used in chemotherapy. In this review, we emphasize the antitumor properties of tangeretin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits that has shown activity against some hallmarks of cancer in several types of cancerous cell lines, such as antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, regulatory expression of tumor-suppressor genes, and epigenetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
| | - Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
| | | | - Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém 66075-990, Brazil
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58
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Hong SY, Qin BL. The Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Urolithiasis: Insights into Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2023; 15:3753. [PMID: 37686790 PMCID: PMC10490426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a common urological disease with increasing prevalence and high recurrence rates around the world. Numerous studies have indicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) were crucial pathogenic factors in stone formation. Dietary polyphenols are a large group of natural antioxidant compounds widely distributed in plant-based foods and beverages. Their diverse health benefits have attracted growing scientific attention in recent decades. Many literatures have reported the effectiveness of dietary polyphenols against stone formation. The antiurolithiatic mechanisms of polyphenols have been explained by their antioxidant potential to scavenge free radicals and ROS, modulate the expression and the activity of endogenous antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, regulate signaling pathways associated with OS, and maintain cell morphology and function. In this review, we first describe OS and its pathogenic effects in urolithiasis and summarize the classification and sources of dietary polyphenols. Then, we focus on the current evidence defining their antioxidant potential against stone formation and put forward challenges and future perspectives of dietary polyphenols. To conclude, dietary polyphenols offer potential applications in the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao-Long Qin
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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59
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Ang SS, Thoo YY, Siow LF. Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Apigenin into Small Unilamellar Liposomes Coated with Chitosan Through Ethanol Injection and Spray Drying. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37363383 PMCID: PMC10261843 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multiple health benefits, natural flavonoid apigenin has poor aqueous solubility that restricts its delivery in foods. This study investigated the potential of spray-dried chitosan-coated liposomes prepared from scalable methods for the food industry as the delivery carriers for apigenin. Apigenin-loaded small unilamellar liposomes produced from ethanol injection had an encapsulation efficiency of 74.88 ± 5.31%. They were electrostatically stabilised via chitosan coating (0.25% w/v) and spray-dried. Spray-dried chitosan-coated apigenin liposomes (SCAL) exhibited the following powder characteristics: yield 66.62 ± 3.08%, moisture content 4.33 ± 0.56%, water activity 0.2242 ± 0.0548, particle size 10.97 ± 1.55 μm, nearly spherical morphology with wrinkles and dents under microscopic observation. Compared with the unencapsulated apigenin, SCAL demonstrated improved aqueous solubility (10.22 ± 0.18 mg/L), higher antioxidant capacity, and stability against simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The chitosan coating gave a slower in-vitro release of apigenin in SCAL (77.0 ± 6.2%) than that of uncoated apigenin liposomes (94.0 ± 5.3%) at 12 h. The apigenin release kinetics from SCAL could be represented by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.971). These findings suggest that SCAL could be a promising delivery system of apigenin for functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-San Ang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Thoo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lee Fong Siow
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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60
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Lee J, Choi MK, Song IS. Recent Advances in Doxorubicin Formulation to Enhance Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Targeting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:802. [PMID: 37375753 PMCID: PMC10301446 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy, induces cell death via multiple intracellular interactions, generating reactive oxygen species and DNA-adducted configurations that induce apoptosis, topoisomerase II inhibition, and histone eviction. Despite its wide therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors, DOX often induces drug resistance and cardiotoxicity. It shows limited intestinal absorption because of low paracellular permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. We reviewed various parenteral DOX formulations, such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and polymer-drug conjugates, under clinical use or trials to increase its therapeutic efficacy. To improve the bioavailability of DOX in intravenous and oral cancer treatment, studies have proposed a pH- or redox-sensitive and receptor-targeted system for overcoming DOX resistance and increasing therapeutic efficacy without causing DOX-induced toxicity. Multifunctional formulations of DOX with mucoadhesiveness and increased intestinal permeability through tight-junction modulation and P-gp inhibition have also been used as orally bioavailable DOX in the preclinical stage. The increasing trends of developing oral formulations from intravenous formulations, the application of mucoadhesive technology, permeation-enhancing technology, and pharmacokinetic modulation with functional excipients might facilitate the further development of oral DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
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61
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Yuan D, Wang Z, Li B, Li X, Wang Y, Wang X, Cao J, Guo Y, Du H, Lu S. Complexation of Apigenin and Oxymatrine Leading to Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1179-1188. [PMID: 37115657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin (APG) is a well-known dietary flavonoid with multiple bioactivities, but its poor aqueous solubility may result in low oral bioavailability and thus compromised therapeutic effects. In the present study, APG was complexed with oxymatrine (OMT), a natural quinolizidine alkaloid, for enhanced anti-inflammatory activity, and the related mechanisms in the interaction of APG with OMT were investigated. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated the occurrence of an APG-OMT complex formed at a molar ratio of 1:2. Then, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations were utilized to elucidate that hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic effects were the main forces acting in the formation of the APG-OMT complex. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of APG in the APG-OMT complex was significantly higher than that of APG alone. Finally, bioactivity evaluation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammatory injury mouse models showed that the APG-OMT complex exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory effects than APG alone. This study confirmed that APG and OMT exerted enhanced anti-inflammatory effects through self-complexation, which may provide a novel strategy for improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of natural product mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
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Lee M, Upadhyay S, Mariyam F, Martin G, Hailemariam A, Lee K, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Lee SO, Safe S. Flavone and Hydroxyflavones Are Ligands That Bind the Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8152. [PMID: 37175855 PMCID: PMC10179475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently reported that the hydroxyflavones quercetin and kaempferol bind the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) and act as antagonists in cancer cells and tumors, and they inhibit pro-oncogenic NR4A1-regulated genes and pathways. In this study, we investigated the interactions of flavone, six hydroxyflavones, seven dihydroxyflavones, three trihydroxyflavones, two tetrahydroxyflavones, and one pentahydroxyflavone with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of NR4A1 using direct-binding fluorescence and an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays. Flavone and the hydroxyflavones bound NR4A1, and their KD values ranged from 0.36 µM for 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (galangin) to 45.8 µM for 3'-hydroxyflavone. KD values determined using ITC and KD values for most (15/20) of the hydroxyflavones were decreased compared to those obtained using the fluorescence assay. The results of binding, transactivation and receptor-ligand modeling assays showed that KD values, transactivation data and docking scores for these compounds are highly variable with respect to the number and position of the hydroxyl groups on the flavone backbone structure, suggesting that hydroxyflavones are selective NR4A1 modulators. Nevertheless, the data show that hydroxyflavone-based neutraceuticals are NR4A1 ligands and that some of these compounds can now be repurposed and used to target sub-populations of patients that overexpress NR4A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Srijana Upadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Fuada Mariyam
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Greg Martin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Amanuel Hailemariam
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
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Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Vybohova D, Samec M, Kudela E, Biringer K, Šudomová M, Hassan STS, Kello M, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Therapy-resistant breast cancer in focus: Clinically relevant mitigation by flavonoids targeting cancer stem cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160068. [PMID: 37089930 PMCID: PMC10115970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant limitations of the reactive medical approach in breast cancer management are clearly reflected by alarming statistics recorded worldwide. According to the WHO updates, breast malignancies become the leading cancer type. Further, the portion of premenopausal breast cancer cases is permanently increasing and demonstrates particularly aggressive patterns and poor outcomes exemplified by young patients with triple-negative breast cancer that lacks targeted therapy. Accumulating studies suggest the crucial role of stem cells in tumour biology, high metastatic activity, and therapy resistance of aggressive breast cancer. Therefore, targeting breast cancer stem cells is a promising treatment approach in secondary and tertiary breast cancer care. To this end, naturally occurring substances demonstrate high potential to target cancer stem cells which, however, require in-depth analysis to identify effective anti-cancer agents for cost-effective breast cancer management. The current article highlights the properties of flavonoids particularly relevant for targeting breast cancer stem cells to mitigate therapy resistance. The proposed approach is conformed with the principles of 3P medicine by applying predictive diagnostics, patient stratification and treatments tailored to the individualised patient profile. Expected impacts are very high, namely, to overcome limitations of reactive medical services improving individual outcomes and the healthcare economy in breast cancer management. Relevant clinical applications are exemplified in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Peter Kubatka, ; Alena Mazurakova,
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Desanka Vybohova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Peter Kubatka, ; Alena Mazurakova,
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64
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Ren J, Barton CD, Zhan J. Engineered production of bioactive polyphenolic O-glycosides. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108146. [PMID: 37028465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin and resveratrol) possess potential medicinal values due to their various bioactivities, but poor water solubility hinders their health benefits to humankind. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to biosynthesize natural product glycosides with improved hydrophilicity. Glycosylation has profound effects on decreasing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and stability, together with changing bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic glycosides can be used as food additives, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals. Engineered biosynthesis provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to generate polyphenolic glycosides through the use of various glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sugar biosynthetic enzymes. GTs transfer the sugar moieties from nucleotide-activated diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) donors to sugar acceptors such as polyphenolic compounds. In this review, we systematically review and summarize the representative polyphenolic O-glycosides with various bioactivities and their engineered biosynthesis in microbes with different biotechnological strategies. We also review the major routes towards NDP-sugar formation in microbes, which is significant for producing unusual or novel glycosides. Finally, we discuss the trends in NDP-sugar based glycosylation research to promote the development of prodrugs that positively impact human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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65
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Samec M, Mazurakova A, Lucansky V, Koklesova L, Pecova R, Pec M, Golubnitschaja O, Al-Ishaq RK, Caprnda M, Gaspar L, Prosecky R, Gazdikova K, Adamek M, Büsselberg D, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P. Flavonoids attenuate cancer metabolism by modulating Lipid metabolism, amino acids, ketone bodies and redox state mediated by Nrf2. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175655. [PMID: 36921709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is a common hallmark of malignant transformation. The preference for aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation in tumors is a well-studied phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Importantly, metabolic transformation of cancer cells also involves alterations in signaling cascades contributing to lipid metabolism, amino acid flux and synthesis, and utilization of ketone bodies. Also, redox regulation interacts with metabolic reprogramming during malignant transformation. Flavonoids, widely distributed phytochemicals in plants, exert various beneficial effects on human health through modulating molecular cascades altered in the pathological cancer phenotype. Recent evidence has identified numerous flavonoids as modulators of critical components of cancer metabolism and associated pathways interacting with metabolic cascades such as redox balance. Flavonoids affect lipid metabolism by regulating fatty acid synthase, redox balance by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity, or amino acid flux and synthesis by phosphoglycerate mutase 1. Here, we discuss recent preclinical evidence evaluating the impact of flavonoids on cancer metabolism, focusing on lipid and amino acid metabolic cascades, redox balance, and ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Renata Pecova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martin Caprnda
- 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2(nd) Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Ding HY, Wang TY, Wu JY, Zhang YR, Chang TS. Novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins from the biotransformation-guided purification of a commercial Ganoderma extract. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:402-410. [PMID: 36889998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma sp. contains high amounts of diverse triterpenoids; however, few triterpenoid saponins could be isolated from the medicinal fungus. To produce novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins, biotransformation-guided purification (BGP) process was applied to a commercial Ganoderma extract. The commercial Ganoderma extract was partially separated into three fractions by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the separated fractions were then directly biotransformed by a Bacillus glycosyltransferase (BsUGT489). One of the biotransformed products could be further purified and identified as a novel saponin: ganoderic acid C2 (GAC2)-3-O-β-glucoside by nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectral analyses. Based on the structure of the saponin, the predicted precursor should be the GAC2, which was confirmed to be biotransformed into four saponins, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside, GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside and two unknown GAC2 monoglucosides, revealed by NMR and mass spectral analyses. GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside and GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside possessed 17-fold and 200-fold higher aqueous solubility than that of GAC2, respectively. In addition, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside retained the most anti-α-glucosidase activity of GAC2 and was comparable with that of the anti-diabetes drug (acarbose). The present study showed that the BGP process is an efficient strategy to survey novel and bioactive molecules from crude extracts of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Yu Ding
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 892, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Rong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
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67
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A solid dispersion of Citrus reticulata peel biowaste as an effective antiepileptic: Sustainable approach toward value addition and agro-industrial waste valorisation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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68
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Bioactive Compounds from Kalanchoe Genus Potentially Useful for the Development of New Drugs. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030646. [PMID: 36983802 PMCID: PMC10058616 DOI: 10.3390/life13030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) is native to Madagascar and comprises 145 species, being naturalized in the tropics and cultivated worldwide. In addition to having ornamental value, several Kalanchoe species are commonly used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, wounds, gastric ulcers, and other diseases. The great importance of the genus is reflected on its acknowledgment by traditional and alternative health systems and organizations, as well as on the growing number of papers reporting pharmacological properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Kalanchoe. Among these properties, we highlight anti-inflammatory, antitumor, wound healing, antiulcer, and muscle relaxing properties. These activities are attributed mostly to flavonoids and bufadienolides, the main secondary metabolites reported in Kalanchoe extracts. While bufadienolides are generally related to cytotoxic and muscle relaxing activities, flavonoids are commonly reported as anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. This review provides up to date information and perspectives on bioactive compounds from the Kalanchoe genus that are potentially useful for the development of new drugs. It includes not only a discussion on the advantages of the Kalanchoe species as source of bioactive compounds, but also the gaps, opportunities, and challenges to translate the acquired knowledge into innovation for drug development.
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Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals, which occur naturally in plants and possess both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties. Flavonoids are gaining increasing popularity in the pharmaceutical industry as healthy and cost-effective compounds. Flavonoids show beneficial pharmacological activities in the treatment and prevention of various types of diseases. They are natural and less toxic agents for cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy via regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways and pro-oxidant effects. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of selected flavonoids, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Foundation for Education and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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70
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Roy R, Paul S. Illustrating the Effect of Small Molecules Derived from Natural Resources on Amyloid Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:600-615. [PMID: 36638829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The onset of amyloidogenic diseases is associated with the misfolding and aggregation of proteins. Despite extensive research, no effective therapeutics are yet available to treat these chronic degenerative diseases. Targeting the aggregation of disease-specific proteins is regarded as a promising new approach to treat these diseases. In the past few years, rapid progress in this field has been made in vitro, in vivo, and in silico to generate potential drug candidates, ranging from small molecules to polymers to nanoparticles. Small molecular probes, mostly those derived from natural sources, have been of particular interest among amyloid inhibitors. Here, we summarize some of the most important natural small molecular probes which can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ, hIAPP, and α-syn peptides and discuss how their binding efficacy and preference for the peptides vary with their structure and conformation. This provides a comprehensive idea of the crucial factors which should be incorporated into the future design of novel drug candidates useful for the treatment of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Assam-781039, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Assam-781039, India
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71
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Lin Y, McClements DJ, Xiao J, Cao Y, Liu X. In Vitro-In Vivo Study of the Impact of Excipient Emulsions on the Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids: Influence of the Carrier Oil Type. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1488-1498. [PMID: 36580279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the carrier oil type on the bioavailability and bioactivity of flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) was examined using in vitro digestion, in situ intestinal perfusion, and pharmacokinetic studies. Here, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), or MCT/LCT mixtures (1:1, w/w) served as the oil phase of excipient emulsions. Overall, the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of flavonoids increased when they were coingested with excipient emulsions. The in vitro bioaccessibility of flavonoids was affected by the carrier oil: LCT (17.9-22.8%) > MCT/LCT (12.1-13.7%) > MCT (9.2-12.6%). These differences were mainly attributed to the fact that the mixed micelles formed after the digestion of LCTs had larger hydrophobic domains to solubilize more flavonoids. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the flavonoid concentrations in rat serum were comparable for all carrier oils (p > 0.05). Our results assist in formulating excipient emulsions to enhance the efficacy of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Seong HJ, Im AE, Kim H, Park N, Yang KY, Kim D, Nam SH. Production of Prunin and Naringenin by Using Naringinase from Aspergillus oryzae NYO-2 and Their Neuroprotective Properties and Debitterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1655-1666. [PMID: 36629749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits that has various biological functions. However, its bitterness affects the quality, economic value, and consumer acceptability of citrus products. Deglycosylation of naringin using naringinase decreases its bitterness and enhances its functional properties. In this study, eight microbial strains with naringinase activity were isolated from 33 yuzu-based fermented foods. Among them, naringinase from Aspergillus oryzae NYO-2, having the highest activity, was used to produce prunin and naringenin. Under optimal conditions, 19 mM naringin was converted to 14.06 mM prunin and 1.97 mM naringenin. The bitterness of prunin and naringenin was significantly decreased compared to naringin using the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R39. The neuroprotective effects of prunin and naringenin on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with scopolamine were greater than that of naringin. These findings can widen the potential applications of deglycosylation of naringin to improve sensory and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Seong
- Department of integrative food, bioscience, and biotechnology, Chonnam national university, Gwangju61186, South Korea
| | - Ae Eun Im
- Department of integrative food, bioscience, and biotechnology, Chonnam national university, Gwangju61186, South Korea
| | - Hayeong Kim
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do25354, South Korea
| | - Namhyeon Park
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, 750 North 1200 East, Logan, Utah84322-8700, United States
| | - Kwang-Yeol Yang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, South Korea
| | - Doman Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do25354, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Nam
- Department of integrative food, bioscience, and biotechnology, Chonnam national university, Gwangju61186, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Science Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, South Korea
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Xu J, Shi Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xin J, Cheng J, Li F. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: A Focused Review of Flavonoid Cocrystals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020613. [PMID: 36677670 PMCID: PMC9861466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization is currently an attractive technique for tailoring the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Flavonoids are a large class of natural products with a wide range of beneficial properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antioxidant properties, which makes them extensively studied. In order to improve the properties of flavonoids, such as solubility and bioavailability, the formation of cocrystals may be a feasible strategy. This review discusses in detail the possible hydrogen bond sites in the structure of APIs and the hydrogen bonding networks in the cocrystal structures, which will be beneficial for the targeted synthesis of flavonoid cocrystals. In addition, some successful studies that favorably alter the physicochemical properties of APIs through cocrystallization with coformers are also highlighted here. In addition to improving the solubility and bioavailability of flavonoids in most cases, flavonoid cocrystals may also alter their other properties, such as anti-inflammatory activity and photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (F.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Li
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (F.L.)
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74
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Markowski A, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Jaromin A, Olczak E, Zygmunt A, Etezadi H, Boyd BJ, Gubernator J. Novel Liposomal Formulation of Baicalein for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010179. [PMID: 36678808 PMCID: PMC9865389 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers so there is an urgent need to develop new drugs and therapies to treat it. Liposome-based formulations of naturally-derived bioactive compounds are promising anticancer candidates due to their potential for passive accumulation in tumor tissues, protection against payload degradation, and prevention of non-specific toxicity. We chose the naturally-derived flavonoid baicalein (BAI) due to its promising effect against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and encapsulated it into a liposomal bilayer using the passive loading method, with an almost 90% efficiency. We performed a morphological and stability analysis of the obtained BAI liposomal formulation and evaluated its activity on two-dimensional and three-dimensional pancreatic cell models. As the result, we obtained a stable BAI-encapsulated liposomal suspension with a size of 100.9 nm ± 2.7 and homogeneity PDI = 0.124 ± 0.02, suitable for intravenous administration. Furthermore, this formulation showed high cytotoxic activity towards AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 PDAC cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 21 ± 3.6 µM to 27.6 ± 4.1 µM), with limited toxicity towards normal NHDF cells and a lack of hemolytic activity. Based on these results, this new BAI liposomal formulation is an excellent candidate for potential anti-PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Markowski
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Olczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrianna Zygmunt
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Haniyeh Etezadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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75
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Agarawal K, Anant Kulkarni Y, Wairkar S. Nanoformulations of flavonoids for diabetes and microvascular diabetic complications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:18-36. [PMID: 35637334 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood. If the constant sugar level is not managed correctly in diabetic patients, it may lead to microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. There are several synthetic drugs for the management of diabetes; however, these drugs produce immense adverse effects in long-term use. Flavonoids are naturally occurring substances categorized in various classes. They are known for their diverse pharmacological actions, and one of them is prominent antihyperglycemic action and their activities in diabetic complications. In the last few decades, many research studies emphasized the potential of flavonoids in diabetes management. Nevertheless, most flavonoids are insoluble in water and cannot produce desired therapeutic action when administered in conventional dosage forms. To overcome this issue, flavonoids were formulated into different nanoformulations to enhance solubility, absorption, and therapeutic efficacy. This review article focuses on flavonoid nanoformulations and in vitro and in vivo studies reported to overcome diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kopal Agarawal
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Yogesh Anant Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
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76
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Ye Y, Zhou J. The protective activity of natural flavonoids against osteoarthritis by targeting NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117489. [PMID: 36998478 PMCID: PMC10043491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical joint disease associated with chronic inflammation. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway plays an important role in inflammatory activity and inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation can be a potential strategy for treating OA. Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Structurally, natural flavonoids can be divided into several sub-groups, including flavonols, flavones, flavanols/catechins, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones. Increasing evidence demonstrates that natural flavonoids exhibit protective activity against the pathological changes of OA by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Potentially, natural flavonoids may suppress NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory responses, ECM degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis. The different biological actions of natural flavonoids against the NF-κB signaling pathway in OA chondrocytes might be associated with the differentially substituted groups on the structures. In this review, the efficacy and action mechanism of natural flavonoids against the development of OA are discussed by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Potentially, flavonoids could become useful inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway for the therapeutic management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Zhou,
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77
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Bitay E, Gergely AL, Kántor J, Szabó ZI. Evaluation of Lapatinib-Loaded Microfibers Prepared by Centrifugal Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245557. [PMID: 36559924 PMCID: PMC9781951 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib (Lap) is a lypophilic drug frequently used in cancer treatment; however, due to its limited solubility and permeability, achieving therapeutic dose through oral administration proves to be a challenge. There are various methods for enhancing the solubility of Lap and other similar drugs, one being the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). In this study, a Lap-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fiber mat was created with centrifugal spinning from a PVP/Lap solution in dimethyl formamide and ethanol. The production rate was 12.2 g/h dry fibers, and the fibers had an average thickness of 2.55 ± 0.92 μm. In the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of the fiber mat, the melting peak of the crystalline Lap was not visible, suggesting that Lap was in an amorphous state. A dissolution study was carried out in 0.2 M phosphate buffer saline solution at 37 °C. UV spectrophotometry data indicated that in the sample containing the fiber mat, the Lap concentration was 332 μg/mL (66%) in 10 min, decreasing to 227 μg/mL by 45 min. Meanwhile the crystalline Lap formed a 30-40 μg/mL (6-8%) solution in 5 min, maintaining that concentration. We conclude that centrifugal spinning can be an effective and easy method to produce ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Bitay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Târgu-Mureş/Corunca, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2., 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
- Research Institute of the Transylvanian Museum Society, 2–4 Napoca, 400009 Cluj, Romania
| | - Attila Levente Gergely
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Târgu-Mureş/Corunca, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2., 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-759097051
| | - József Kántor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Târgu-Mureş/Corunca, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2., 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., 525401 Lunga, Romania
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78
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Yang BW, Yang S, Kim S, Baek AR, Sung B, Kim YH, Lee JT, Lee SY, Kim HK, Choi G, Park JA, Nam SW, Lee GH, Chang Y. Flavonoid-Conjugated Gadolinium Complexes as Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122470. [PMID: 36552678 PMCID: PMC9774776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated gadolinium compounds conjugated with flavonoids as potential theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation. These novel theranostic agents combine a molecular imaging agent and one of three flavonoids (galangin, chrysin, and 7-hydroxyflavone) as anti-inflammatory drugs as a single integrated platform. Using these agents, MR imaging showed contrast enhancement (>10 in CNR) at inflamed sites in an animal inflammation model, and subsequent MR imaging used to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of these integrated agents revealed changes in inflamed regions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these agents were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antioxidant efficacy of the agents was evaluated by measuring their reactive oxygen species scavenging properties. For example, Gd-galangin at 30 μM showed a three-fold higher ROS scavenging of DPPH. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence to indicate that flavonoid-conjugated gadolinium compounds can be used as potentially efficient theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5471
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79
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Xi Q, Cao Z, Miao JY, Wang H. The Study of Spray-Freeze-Drying Technique for Development of Novel Combination pMDIs, Part II: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe mometasone furoate (MF) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FF) inhalable microparticles prepared by different methods, such as micronized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), microparticles of APIs prepared by spray-freeze drying technique (SFD APIs), and phospholipid microparticles of APIs prepared by SFD (SFD Lip-APIs), showed different inhaled drug delivery characteristics. Study on the physicochemical characteristics of those microparticles and the effect of matrix excipients on pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviors of inhalable microparticles is helpful for the development of new methods for inhalable microparticles with excellent performance of inhalation characteristics. In this study, the crystal state of the microparticles was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The density was investigated by a bulk density method. The suspension and dispersion characteristics were determined by observing its state in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). Meanwhile, the PK behaviors of SFD Lip-APIs in beagle dogs were also investigated by airway administration to evaluate the effect of phospholipids on drug release. The results indicated that the presence of phospholipids prevents the formation of solid bridges bonding to each other during SFD of pure drug solutions. In comparison to the conventional micronized microparticles, inhalable drug–phospholipid microparticles were easily dispersed and suspended in HFA. The embedded drugs were in a crystal state that endowed a better physical stability, and most interestingly, have similar PK behavior to the control (a mixed solution of MF/FF), suggesting that the phospholipids, as matrix excipients, had no effect on absorption. Given above, our designed SFD phospholipid microparticles may represent an efficient carrier for pulmonary delivery of MF and FF for further clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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80
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The effect of kaempferol on the dentin bonding stability through matrix metalloproteinases inhibition and collagen crosslink in dentin biomodification. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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81
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Nejabati HR, Roshangar L. Kaempferol as a potential neuroprotector in Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14375. [PMID: 35929364 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is largely associated with cognitive disability, amnesia, and abnormal behavior, which accounts for about two third of people with dementia worldwide. A growing body of research demonstrates that AD is connected to several factors, such as aberrant accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), increase in the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inordinate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite remarkable efforts to realize the etiology and pathophysiology of AD, until now, scientists have not developed and introduced medications that can permanently cease the progression of AD. Thus, nowadays, research on the role of natural products in the treatment and prevention of AD has attracted great attention. Kaempferol (KMP), one of the prominent members of flavonols, exerts its ameliorative actions via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, reducing Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and regulating the cholinergic system. Therefore, in this review article, we outlined the possible effects of KMP in the prevention and treatment of AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Kaempferol (KMP) exerts its ameliorative actions against AD via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, reducing Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and regulating the cholinergic system. The beneficial effects of KMP were addressed in both in vitro and in vivo studies; however, conducting further research can warrant its long-term effects as a safe agent. Therefore, after confirming its favorable functions in the prevention and treatment of AD, it could be used as a safe and effective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bioenhancing effects of piperine and curcumin on triterpenoid pharmacokinetics and neurodegenerative metabolomes from Centella asiatica extract in beagle dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20789. [PMID: 36456663 PMCID: PMC9715946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Centell-S is a water-soluble extract of Centella asiatica containing more than 80% w/w triterpenoid glycosides. Madecassoside and asiaticoside are two major components of the extract and can be converted into active metabolites, triterpenic acids in large mammal species. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolomic changes generated by the bioactive triterpenoids of Centell-S alone, and in combination with the bioenhancers piperine and curcumin, were investigated in beagle dogs. The test substances were orally administered over multiple doses for 7 consecutive days. At day 1 and 7 after receiving the test compounds, the level of major bioactive triterpenoids and related metabolites were measured using triple quadrupole and high-resolution accurate mass orbitrap models of LCMS to determine pharmacokinetic and metabolomic profiles, respectively. Centell-S was well tolerated, alone and in all combination groups. The combination of Centell-S and piperine significantly increased (p < 0.05) the systemic exposure of madecassoside on day 1 and asiatic acid on day 7, by approximately 1.5 to 3.0-fold of Cmax and AUC values as compared to the Centell-S alone, while the addition of curcumin did not provide a significant improvement. Several metabolomic changes were observed from pre-dose to 4 h post-dose, with some biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases including L-glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine (17:0), taurochenodeoxycholic acid, uric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and lactic acid showing good correlation with the systemic exposure of the bioactive triterpenoids (asiatic acid). Thus, the combining of piperine to Centell-S exhibits the improvement of bioactive triterpenoids which are related to the biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. These promising results might be useful for the development of this standardised extract to become a more effective phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases.
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83
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Wang F, Chen L, Chen H, Yan Z, Liu Y. Discovery of the key active compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ( Citrus reticulata "Chachi") and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of COVID-19 based on comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1048926. [PMID: 36506534 PMCID: PMC9727096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1048926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible herbal medicines contain macro- and micronutrients and active metabolites that can take part in biochemical processes to help achieve or maintain a state of well-being. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is an edible and medicinal herb used as a component of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approach to treating COVID-19 in China. However, the material basis and related mechanistic research regarding this herb for the treatment of COVID-19 are still unclear. First, a wide-targeted UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based comparative metabolomics analysis was conducted to screen for the active metabolites of CRP. Second, network pharmacology was used to uncover the initial linkages among these metabolites, their possible targets, and COVID-19. Each metabolite was then further studied via molecular docking with the identified potential SARS-CoV-2 targets 3CL hydrolase, host cell target angiotensin-converting enzyme II, spike protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Finally, the most potential small molecule compound was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the mechanism of its treatment of COVID-19 was further explored. In total, 399 metabolites were identified and nine upregulated differential metabolites were screened out as potential key active metabolites, among which isorhamnetin have anti-inflammatory activity in vitro validation assays. In addition, the molecular docking results also showed that isorhamnetin had a good binding ability with the key targets of COVID-19. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that isorhamnetin could significantly reduced the lung pathological injury and inflammatory injury by regulating ATK1, EGFR, MAPK8, and MAPK14 to involve in TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Our results indicated that isorhamnetin, as screened from CRP, may have great potential for use in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. This study has also demonstrated that comparative metabolomics combined with network pharmacology strategy could be used as an effective approach for discovering potential compounds in herbal medicines that are effective against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhuyun Yan
- *Correspondence: Zhuyun Yan, ; Youping Liu,
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84
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Selective Structural Derivatization of Flavonoid Acetamides Significantly Impacts Their Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238133. [PMID: 36500226 PMCID: PMC9741454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids show abundant favorable physicochemical and drug related properties, leading to substantial biological applications which are limited by undesirable properties such as poor solubility, high polarity, low bioavailability, and enzymatic degradations. Chemical modification with bioisosteres can be used to address some of these challenges. We report the synthesis and characterization of partial flavonoid acetamide derivatives from quercetin, apigenin and luteolin and the evaluation of their structure-activity relationships based on antioxidant, bioavailability, drug likeness, and toxicity properties. The sequential synthesis was achieved with 76.67-87.23% yield; the structures of the compounds were confirmed using 1H & 13C NMR characterizations. The purity of each compound was determined by HPLC while the molecular weights were determined by mass spectrometry. The % bioavailability was determined using the dialysis tubing procedure and the values were in the range 15.97-38.12%. The antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and expressed as the IC50 values which were in the range 31.52-198.41 µM. The drug likeness and the toxicity properties of compounds 4, 5, 7, 11 and 15 were predicted using computational tools and showed satisfactory results. A structure-activity relationship evaluation reveals that hydroxyl and methylene groups attached on the 2-phenylchromen-4-one structure of the flavonoid play a colossal role in the overall antioxidant and bioavailability properties. The improved bioavailability and excellent drug relevance and toxicity properties present flavonoid acetamide derivatives as prospective drug candidates for further evaluations.
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85
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Zhang LB, Yan Y, He J, Wang PP, Chen X, Lan TY, Guo YX, Wang JP, Luo J, Yan ZR, Xu Y, Tao QW. Epimedii Herba: An ancient Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Chem 2022; 10:1023779. [PMID: 36465876 PMCID: PMC9712800 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1023779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory and systemic autoimmune disease resulting in severe joint destruction, lifelong suffering and considerable disability. Diverse prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing Epimedii Herba (EH) achieve greatly curative effects against RA. The present review aims to systemically summarize the therapeutic effect, pharmacological mechanism, bioavailability and safety assessment of EH to provide a novel insight for subsequent studies. The search terms included were "Epimedii Herba", "yinyanghuo", "arthritis, rheumatoid" and "Rheumatoid Arthritis", and relevant literatures were collected on the database such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science and CNKI. In this review, 15 compounds from EH for the treatment of RA were summarized from the aspects of anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, cartilage and bone protective, antiangiogenic and antioxidant activities. Although EH has been frequently used to treat RA in clinical practice, studies on mechanisms of these activities are still scarce. Various compounds of EH have the multifunctional traits in the treatment of RA, so EH may be a great complementary medicine option and it is necessary to pay more attention to further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Bo Zhang
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Yi Lan
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Guo
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Wang
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Ran Yan
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Wen Tao
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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86
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Ubeyitogullari A, Ahmadzadeh S, Kandhola G, Kim JW. Polysaccharide-based porous biopolymers for enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: Challenges, advances, and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4610-4639. [PMID: 36199178 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive food compounds, such as lycopene, curcumin, phytosterols, and resveratrol, have received great attention due to their potential health benefits. However, these bioactive compounds (BCs) have poor chemical stability during processing and low bioavailability after consumption. Several delivery systems have been proposed for enhancing their stability and bioavailability. Among these methods, porous biopolymers have emerged as alternative encapsulation materials, as they have superior properties like high surface area, porosity, and tunable surface chemistry to entrap BCs. This reduces the crystallinity (especially for the lipophilic ones) and particle size, and in turn, increases solubilization and bioavailability. Also, loading BCs into the porous matrix can protect them against environmental stresses such as light, heat, oxygen, and pH. This review introduces polysaccharide-based porous biopolymers for improving the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of bioactive food compounds and discusses their recent applications in the food industry. First, bioaccessibility and bioavailability are described with a special emphasis on the factors affecting them. Then, porous biopolymer fabrication methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) drying, freeze-drying, and electrospinning and electrospraying, are thoroughly discussed. Finally, common polysaccharide-based biopolymers (i.e., starch, nanocellulose, alginate, and pectin) used for generating porous materials are reviewed, and their current and potential future food applications are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Safoura Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gurshagan Kandhola
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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87
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Ding S, Wang P, Pang X, Zhang L, Qian L, Jia X, Chen W, Ruan S, Sun L. The new exploration of pure total flavonoids extracted from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. as a new therapeutic agent to bring health benefits for people. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958329. [PMID: 36276813 PMCID: PMC9582534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel and fruit of Citrus varieties have been a raw material for some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pure total flavonoids from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (PTFC), including naringin, hesperidin, narirutin, and neohesperidin, have been attracted increasing attention for their multiple clinical efficacies. Based on existing in vitro and in vivo research, this study systematically reviewed the biological functions of PTFC and its components in preventing or treating liver metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, intestinal barrier dysfunction, as well as malignancies. PTFC and its components are capable of regulating glycolipid metabolism, blocking peroxidation and persistent inflammation, inhibiting tumor progression, protecting the integrity of intestinal barrier and positively regulating intestinal microbiota, while the differences in fruit cultivation system, picking standard, manufacturing methods, delivery system and individual intestinal microecology will have impact on the specific therapeutic effect. Thus, PTFC is a promising drug for the treatment of some chronic diseases, as well as continuous elaborate investigations are necessary to improve its effectiveness and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Pang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,Shanming Ruan,
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Leitao Sun,
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88
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Yu Y, Liang G, Wang H. Interaction mechanism of flavonoids and Tartary buckwheat bran protein: A fluorescence spectroscopic and 3D-QSAR study. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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89
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Nejabati HR, Roshangar L. Kaempferol: A potential agent in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15488. [PMID: 36259115 PMCID: PMC9579739 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in relation to incidence and mortality rate and its incidence is considerably increasing annually due to the change in the dietary habit and lifestyle of the world population. Although conventional therapeutic options, such as surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy have profound impacts on the treatment of CRC, dietary therapeutic agents, particularly natural products have been regarded as the safest alternatives for the treatment of CRC. Kaempferol (KMP), a naturally derived flavonol, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide ions, hydroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), especially peroxynitrite. Furthermore, this flavonol inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and increases the activities of catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a wide range of cancer and non-cancer cells. Based on several studies, KMP is also a hopeful anticancer which carries out its anticancer action via suppression of angiogenesis, stimulation of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Due to various applications of KMP as an anticancer flavonol, this review article aims to highlight the current knowledge regarding the role of KMP in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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90
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Transcriptome and proteome associated analysis of flavonoid metabolism in haploid Ginkgo biloba. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:306-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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91
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German-Ponciano LJ, Rosas-Sánchez GU, Cueto-Escobedo J, Fernández-Demeneghi R, Guillén-Ruiz G, Soria-Fregozo C, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Participation of the Serotonergic System and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810896. [PMID: 36142808 PMCID: PMC9505567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most disabling diseases experienced around the world, and their incidence has significantly increased over the last few decades due to multiple environmental, social, and biological factors. The search for new pharmacological alternatives to treat depression is a global priority. In preclinical research, molecules obtained from plants, such as flavonoids, have shown promising antidepressant-like properties through several mechanisms of action that have not been fully elucidated, including crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). This review will focus on discussing the main findings related to the participation of the serotonergic system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the antidepressant-like effect of some flavonoids reported by behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular studies. In this sense, evidence shows that depressive individuals have low levels of serotonin and BDNF, while flavonoids can reverse it. Finally, the elucidation of the mechanism used by flavonoids to modulate serotonin and BDNF will contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological bases underlying the antidepressant-like effects produced by these natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México CONACyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - César Soria-Fregozo
- Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Mexico
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92
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Flori L, Albanese L, Calderone V, Meneguzzo F, Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R, Zabini F, Testai L. Cardioprotective Effects of Grapefruit IntegroPectin Extracted via Hydrodynamic Cavitation from By-Products of Citrus Fruits Industry: Role of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182799. [PMID: 36140927 PMCID: PMC9497567 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids are well-known for their beneficial effects at the cardiovascular and cardio-metabolic level, but often the encouraging in vitro results are not confirmed by in vivo approaches; in addition, the clinical trials are also inconsistent. Their limited bioavailability can be, at least in part, the reason for these discrepancies. Therefore, many efforts have been made towards the improvement of their bioavailability. Hydrodynamic cavitation methods were successfully applied to the extraction of byproducts of the Citrus fruits industry, showing high process yields and affording stable phytocomplexes, known as IntegroPectin, endowed with great amounts of bioactive compounds and high water solubility. The cardioprotective effects of grapefruit IntegroPectin were evaluated by an ex vivo ischemia/reperfusion protocol. Further pharmacological characterization was carried out to assess the involvement of mitochondrial potassium channels. Grapefruit IntegroPectin, where naringin represented 98% of the flavonoids, showed anti-ischemic cardioprotective activity, which was better than pure naringenin (the bioactive aglycone of naringin). On cardiac-isolated mitochondria, this extract confirmed that naringenin/naringin were involved in the activation of mitochondrial potassium channels. The hydrodynamic cavitation-based extraction confirmed a valuable opportunity for the exploitation of Citrus fruits waste, with the end product presenting high levels of Citrus flavonoids and improved bioaccessibility that enhances its nutraceutical and economic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-392-9850002
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Zabini
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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93
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Zou F, Zhao H, Ma A, Song D, Zhang X, Zhao X. Preparation of an isorhamnetin phospholipid complex for improving solubility and anti-hyperuricemia activity. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:842-852. [PMID: 36083162 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To improve the solubility and anti-hyperuricemia activity of the insoluble natural flavonoid isorhamnetin (ISO), an isorhamnetin phospholipid complex (ISO-PC) was prepared. ISO-PC was prepared through solvent evaporation and its prescription process was optimized. The formation of ISO-PC was verified via multiple characterization methods. Parameters such as drug loading, solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, stability, and in vivo anti-hyperuricemia activity of ISO-PC were investigated. The complexation efficiency of ISO-PC was 95.1% ± 0.56%. The characterization results confirmed that ISO-PC was bound by intermolecular interactions between ISO and phospholipids. Compared to ISO, the solubility of ISO-PC in water and 1-octanol increased by 122 and 16.5 times, respectively. Additionally, the octanol-water partition coefficient decreased to 1.08. Pharmacodynamic studies have reported that ISO-PC has a more significant effect on reducing serum uric acid levels and renal protection. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that ISO-PC could be used as a promising formulation to improve the solubility and the anti-hyperuricemia activity of ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Honghui Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Aijinxiu Ma
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Danni Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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94
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Zhou Y, Suo W, Zhang X, Lv J, Liu Z, Liu R. Roles and mechanisms of quercetin on cardiac arrhythmia: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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95
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Xu T, Fan Z, Lou J, Du Q, Kong Y, Lu Y, Wu X. Enzymatic synthesis of vitexin glycosides and their activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23839-23844. [PMID: 36093238 PMCID: PMC9396635 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitexin is an active component of many traditional chinese medicines, and is found in various plants. The low solubility of vitexin limits its pharmaceutical usage. In this study, solvent-stable β-fructosidase was used to glycosylate vitexin in organic solvents. The β-fructosidase showed high activity and stability in 30-80% (v/v) ethyl acetate with 90-99% yields of vitexin glycosides. Highly efficient synthesis of β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-vitexin (1.04 g L-1) and β-d-difructofuranosyl-(2→6)-vitexin (0.45 g L-1) was attained in 50% (v/v) ethyl acetate solvent system from 1.5 g L-1 vitexin. Two novel vitexin glycosides showed higher anti-tumor activities compared to that of vitexin by employing a human breast cancer cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ziyun Fan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junqiao Lou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Qi Du
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Kong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yujia Lu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
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96
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Rahmatullah M, Jahan R, Nissapatorn V, Pereira MDL, Wiart C. Editorial: Emerging and old viral diseases: Antiviral drug discovery from medicinal plants. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976592. [PMID: 36059941 PMCID: PMC9437638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Rahmatullah,
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Maria De Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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97
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Yong H, Hu H, Yun D, Jin C, Liu J. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of chitosan oligosaccharide with different flavonols: structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4363-4372. [PMID: 35066885 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic catalyzed grafting of oligosaccharides with polyphenols is a safe and environmentally friendly approach to simultaneously enhance the bioactivity of oligosaccharides and the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with three different flavonols including myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE) and kaempferol (KAE) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis. The structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application of COS-flavonol conjugates were investigated. RESULTS The total phenol content of COS-MYR, COS-QUE and COS-KAE conjugates was 59.89, 68.37 and 53.77 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 , respectively. Thin layer chromatography showed the conjugates did not contain ungrafted flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates showed ultraviolet absorption peak at about 294 nm, corresponding to the A-ring of flavonols. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of conjugates confirmed the formation of Schiff-base and Michael-addition products. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of COS-KAE conjugate exhibited phenyl proton signals of KAE. X-ray diffraction patterns of conjugates showed some diffraction peaks of flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates presented rough and porous morphologies with sheet-like and/or blocky structures. The conjugates showed higher water solubility, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than flavonols. Moreover, fish gelatin/COS-flavonol conjugate coatings effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fillets from 5 days to 7-8 days. CONCLUSION COS-flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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98
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Hu Y, Šmarda P, Liu G, Wang B, Gao X, Guo Q. High-Depth Transcriptome Reveals Differences in Natural Haploid Ginkgo biloba L. Due to the Effect of Reduced Gene Dosage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8958. [PMID: 36012222 PMCID: PMC9409250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a representative of gymnosperms, the discovery of natural haploids of Ginkgo biloba L. has opened a new door for its research. Haploid germplasm has always been a research material of interest to researchers because of its special characteristics. However, we do not yet know the special features and mechanisms of haploid ginkgo following this significant discovery. In this study, we conducted a homogenous garden experiment on haploid and diploid ginkgo to explore the differences in growth, physiology and biochemistry between the two. Additionally, a high-depth transcriptome database of both was established to reveal their transcriptional differences. The results showed that haploid ginkgo exhibited weaker growth potential, lower photosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation capacity. Although the up-regulated expression of DEGs in haploid ginkgo reached 46.7% of the total DEGs in the whole transcriptome data, the gene sets of photosynthesis metabolic, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which were significantly related to these differences, were found to show a significant down-regulated expression trend by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We further found that the major metabolic pathways in the haploid ginkgo transcriptional database were down-regulated in expression compared to the diploid. This study reveals for the first time the phenotypic, growth and physiological differences in haploid ginkgos, and demonstrates their transcriptional patterns based on high-depth transcriptomic data, laying the foundation for subsequent in-depth studies of haploid ginkgos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Koltlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Koltlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ganping Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoge Gao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qirong Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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99
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Optical absorption measurements and optoelectronic DFT calculations for ethanol solvated quercetin and anhydrous/hydrated quercetin crystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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100
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McCarthy B, O’Neill G, Abu-Ghannam N. Potential Psychoactive Effects of Microalgal Bioactive Compounds for the Case of Sleep and Mood Regulation: Opportunities and Challenges. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:493. [PMID: 36005495 PMCID: PMC9410000 DOI: 10.3390/md20080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is now considered an emerging global epidemic associated with many serious health problems, and a major cause of financial and social burdens. Sleep and mental health are closely connected, further exacerbating the negative impact of sleep deficiency on overall health and well-being. A major drawback of conventional treatments is the wide range of undesirable side-effects typically associated with benzodiazepines and antidepressants, which can be more debilitating than the initial disorder. It is therefore valuable to explore the efficiency of other remedies for complementarity and synergism with existing conventional treatments, leading to possible reduction in undesirable side-effects. This review explores the relevance of microalgae bioactives as a sustainable source of valuable phytochemicals that can contribute positively to mood and sleep disorders. Microalgae species producing these compounds are also catalogued, thus creating a useful reference of the state of the art for further exploration of this proposed approach. While we highlight possibilities awaiting investigation, we also identify the associated issues, including minimum dose for therapeutic effect, bioavailability, possible interactions with conventional treatments and the ability to cross the blood brain barrier. We conclude that physical and biological functionalization of microalgae bioactives can have potential in overcoming some of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena McCarthy
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
| | - Graham O’Neill
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland
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