51
|
Beaumont JEJ, Beelen NA, Wieten L, Rouschop KMA. The Immunomodulatory Role of Hypoxic Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4001. [PMID: 36010994 PMCID: PMC9406714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated immune cells frequently display tumor-supportive phenotypes. These phenotypes, induced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), are described for both the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system. Furthermore, they occur at all stages of immune cell development, up to effector function. One major factor that contributes to the immunosuppressive nature of the TME is hypoxia. In addition to directly inhibiting immune cell function, hypoxia affects intercellular crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in this intercellular crosstalk, and changes in both the number and content of hypoxic cancer-cell-derived EVs are linked to the transfer of hypoxia tolerance. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of these hypoxic cancer-cell-derived EVs in immunosuppression. In addition, we provide an overview of hypoxia-induced factors (i.e., miRNA and proteins) in tumor-derived EVs, and their role in immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel E. J. Beaumont
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky A. Beelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper M. A. Rouschop
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xia Y, Sandor K, Pai JA, Daniel B, Raju S, Wu R, Hsiung S, Qi Y, Yangdon T, Okamoto M, Chou C, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Schreiber RD, Murphy KM, Satpathy AT, Egawa T. BCL6-dependent TCF-1 + progenitor cells maintain effector and helper CD4 + T cell responses to persistent antigen. Immunity 2022; 55:1200-1215.e6. [PMID: 35637103 PMCID: PMC10034764 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soon after activation, CD4+ T cells are segregated into BCL6+ follicular helper (Tfh) and BCL6- effector (Teff) T cells. Here, we explored how these subsets are maintained during chronic antigen stimulation using the mouse chronic LCMV infection model. Using single cell-transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we identified a population of PD-1+ TCF-1+ CD4+ T cells with memory-like features. TCR clonal tracing and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that these cells have self-renewal capacity and continue to give rise to both Teff and Tfh cells, thus functioning as progenitor cells. Conditional deletion experiments showed Bcl6-dependent development of these progenitors, which were essential for sustaining antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses to chronic infection. An analogous CD4+ T cell population developed in draining lymph nodes in response to tumors. Our study reveals the heterogeneity and plasticity of CD4+ T cells during persistent antigen exposure and highlights their population dynamics through a stable, bipotent intermediate state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joy A Pai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Renee Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sunnie Hsiung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tenzin Yangdon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mariko Okamoto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chun Chou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhigarev D, Varshavsky A, MacFarlane AW, Jayaguru P, Barreyro L, Khoreva M, Dulaimi E, Nejati R, Drenberg C, Campbell KS. Lymphocyte Exhaustion in AML Patients and Impacts of HMA/Venetoclax or Intensive Chemotherapy on Their Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143352. [PMID: 35884414 PMCID: PMC9320805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are routinely treated with either intensive chemotherapy or DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA) in combination with the Bcl-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. While both treatment regimens are highly cytotoxic to the aggressive AML tumor cells, they are also toxic to immune cells. Therefore, we sought to establish the detrimental impacts of these therapies on lymphocytes and their recovery over time in AML patients. Even prior to treatment initiation, the patients were found to have exhausted lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and additional signs of exhaustion were noted after treatment with HMA/venetoclax. In fact, the lymphocytes were still suppressed for two to three months after the initiation of induction therapy. Furthermore, T cells in a subset of patients subsequently found to be resistant to venetoclax therapy exhibited a higher expression of perforin and CD39 and more pronounced IFN-γ production. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy that requires rapid treatment with chemotherapies to reduce tumor burden. However, these chemotherapies can compromise lymphocyte function, thereby hindering normal anti-tumor immune responses and likely limiting the efficacy of subsequent immunotherapy. To better understand these negative impacts, we assessed the immunological effects of standard-of-care AML therapies on lymphocyte phenotype and function over time. When compared to healthy donors, untreated AML patients showed evidence of lymphocyte activation and exhaustion and had more prevalent CD57+NKG2C+ adaptive NK cells, which was independent of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) status. HMA/venetoclax treatment resulted in a greater fraction of T cells with effector memory phenotype, inhibited IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells, upregulated perforin expression in NK cells, downregulated PD-1 and 2B4 expression on CD4+ T cells, and stimulated Treg proliferation and CTLA-4 expression. Additionally, we showed increased expression of perforin and CD39 and enhanced IFN-γ production by T cells from pre-treatment blood samples of venetoclax-resistant AML patients. Our results provide insight into the lymphocyte status in previously untreated AML patients and the effects of standard-of-care treatments on their biology and functions. We also found novel pre-treatment characteristics of T cells that could potentially predict venetoclax resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Zhigarev
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (D.Z.); (A.W.M.IV)
- Department of Immunology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Asya Varshavsky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Alexander W. MacFarlane
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (D.Z.); (A.W.M.IV)
| | - Prathiba Jayaguru
- Oncology Translational Research, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (P.J.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Laura Barreyro
- Oncology Translational Research, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (P.J.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Marina Khoreva
- Department of Immunology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Essel Dulaimi
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (E.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (E.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Christina Drenberg
- Oncology Translational Research, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (P.J.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (D.Z.); (A.W.M.IV)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-728-7761; Fax: +1-215-727-2412
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Katsuhara A, Okuda A, Ogawa S, Ueda E, Miyazaki M, Isotani A, Ikawa M, Nishida S, Nakajima H, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Nakata J, Hosen N, Kumanogoh A, Oji Y, Sugiyama H. T Cell-Intrinsic Vitamin A Metabolism and Its Signaling Are Targets for Memory T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935465. [PMID: 35844620 PMCID: PMC9280205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells play an essential role in infectious and tumor immunity. Vitamin A metabolites such as retinoic acid are immune modulators, but the role of vitamin A metabolism in memory T-cell differentiation is unclear. In this study, we identified retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), which metabolizes vitamin A to retinal (RAL), as a key molecule for regulating T cell differentiation. T cell-specific Rdh10 deficiency enhanced memory T-cell formation through blocking RAL production in infection model. Epigenetic profiling revealed that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling activated by vitamin A metabolites induced comprehensive epigenetic repression of memory T cell-associated genes, including TCF7, thereby promoting effector T-cell differentiation. Importantly, memory T cells generated by Rdh deficiency and blocking RAR signaling elicited potent anti-tumor responses in adoptive T-cell transfer setting. Thus, T cell differentiation is regulated by vitamin A metabolism and its signaling, which should be novel targets for memory T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Fujiki, ; Haruo Sugiyama,
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Katsuhara
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akane Okuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Saeka Ogawa
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eriko Ueda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Maki Miyazaki
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Fujiki, ; Haruo Sugiyama,
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Jin D, Jiang Y, Chang L, Wei J, Sun J. New therapeutic strategies based on biasing IL-2 mutants for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108935. [PMID: 35732097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory multifunctional cytokine. High-dose IL-2 was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1990s for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, the short half-life of IL-2 and its toxicity caused by high-dose IL-2 limit the clinical use of IL-2. Recently, the development of cell-type-selective engineered IL-2 products become a hot research filed, mainly because IL-2 stimulates both regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells (Teff) in vivo. The selective effect of IL-2 on Treg and Teff can be improved by designing biased IL-2 mutants, which showed reduced toxicity while being more effective in stimulating anti-tumor effector immunity or ameliorating autoimmune diseases. In this review we summarize the biological properties of IL-2 mutants reported so far. The design process and principle of IL-2 mutants, IL-2 mutant antibody complexes and IL-2 fusion proteins were discussed, which provided research basis for the design and application of IL-2 mutants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfu Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Neitzke-Montinelli V, Calôba C, Melo G, Frade BB, Caramez E, Mazzoccoli L, Gonçalves ANA, Nakaya HI, Pereira RM, Werneck MBF, Viola JPB. Differentiation of Memory CD8 T Cells Unravel Gene Expression Pattern Common to Effector and Memory Precursors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840203. [PMID: 35677061 PMCID: PMC9168330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term immunological protection relies on the differentiation and maintenance of memory lymphocytes. Since the knowledge of memory generation has been centered on in vivo models of infection, there are obstacles to deep molecular analysis of differentiating subsets. Here we defined a novel in vitro CD8 T cell activation and culture regimen using low TCR engagement and cytokines to generate differentiated cells consistent with central memory-like cells, as shown by surface phenotype, gene expression profile and lack of cytotoxic function after challenge. Our results showed an effector signature expressed by in vitro memory precursors and their plasticity under specific conditions. Moreover, memory CD8 T cells conferred long-term protection against bacterial infection and slowed in vivo tumor growth more efficiently than effector cells. This model may allow further understanding of CD8 T cell memory molecular differentiation subsets and be suited for generating cells to be used for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Neitzke-Montinelli
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Calôba
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Melo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Frade
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enzo Caramez
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André N A Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata M Pereira
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miriam B F Werneck
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ding M, Fei Y, Zhu J, Ma J, Zhu G, Zhen N, Zhu J, Mao S, Sun F, Wang F, Pan Q. IL-27 Improves Adoptive CD8 + T Cells Antitumor Activity via Enhancing Cells Survival and Memory T Cells Differentiation. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2258-2271. [PMID: 35441753 PMCID: PMC9277268 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that triggers enhanced antitumor immunity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. In the present study, we sought to develop IL-27 into a therapeutic adjutant for adoptive T-cell therapy using our well-established models. We have found that IL-27 directly improved the survival status and cytotoxicity of adoptive OT-1 CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, IL-27 treatment programs memory T cells differentiation in CD8+ T cells, characterized by up regulation of genes associated with T cell memory differentiation (T-bet, Eomes, Blimp1 and Ly6C). Additionally, we engineered the adoptive OT-1 CD8+ T cells to deliver IL-27. In mice, the established tumors treated with OT-1 CD8+ T-IL-27 were completely rejected, which demonstrated that IL-27 delivered via tumor antigen-specific T cells enhance adoptive T cells cancer immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first application of CD8+ T cells as a vehicle to deliver IL-27 to treat tumors. Thus, these studies demonstrate IL-27 is a feasible approach for enhancing CD8+ T cells anti-tumor immunity and can be used as a therapeutic adjutant for T cell adoptive transfer to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fei
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Zhen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Iwamoto A, Tsukamoto H, Nakayama H, Oshiumi H. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Riplet Is Expressed in T Cells and Suppresses T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2067-2076. [PMID: 35365564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Riplet mediates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I polyubiquitination and is essential for viral-induced expression of type I IFNs in dendritic cells and macrophages. The function of Riplet in innate immunity has been well demonstrated; however, its role in adaptive immunity during the antitumor immune response is unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Riplet in the T cell-mediated antitumor immune response. Riplet was expressed in T cells and upregulated in CD8+ T cells in response to TCR-mediated stimulation. Furthermore, PR domain containing 1, eomesodermin, and killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 expression was increased in effector CD8+ T cells by Riplet knockout in vitro, which suggests that Riplet is involved in the effector function of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicated that Riplet deficiency augmented the antitumor response of MO4 (OVA-expressing melanoma)-bearing mice treated with OVA peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Moreover, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells played important roles in Riplet-mediated augmentation of the antitumor immune response. In tumor-draining lymph nodes, the Th1 response was promoted, and the induction of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ production were enhanced by Riplet deficiency. Furthermore, the IFN-γ response and OVA-specific cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue were augmented by Riplet deficiency. The expression of Cxcl9fluorescence-minus-one and Cxcl10 mRNA was also enhanced in the tumor microenvironment by Riplet knockout, consistent with the augmented recruitment of CTLs. Overall, we clarified a function of Riplet in T cells, which is to suppress the antitumor immune response through modulating Th1 and CTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Parga-Vidal L, Taggenbrock RLRE, Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Aglmous H, Kragten NAM, Behr FM, Bovens AA, van Lier RAW, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Hobit and Blimp-1 regulate T RM abundance after LCMV infection by suppressing tissue exit pathways of T RM precursors. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1095-1111. [PMID: 35389518 PMCID: PMC9545210 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm) are retained in peripheral tissues after infection for enhanced protection against secondary encounter with the same pathogen. We have previously shown that the transcription factor Hobit and its homolog Blimp‐1 drive Trm development after viral infection, but how and when these transcription factors mediate Trm formation remains poorly understood. In particular, the major impact of Blimp‐1 in regulating several aspects of effector T‐cell differentiation impairs study of its specific role in Trm development. Here, we used the restricted expression of Hobit in the Trm lineage to develop mice with a conditional deletion of Blimp‐1 in Trm, allowing us to specifically investigate the role of both transcription factors in Trm differentiation. We found that Hobit and Blimp‐1 were required for the upregulation of CD69 and suppression of CCR7 and S1PR1 on virus‐specific Trm precursors after LCMV infection, underlining a role in their retention within tissues. The early impact of Hobit and Blimp‐1 favored Trm formation and prevented the development of circulating memory T cells. Thus, our findings highlight a role of Hobit and Blimp‐1 at the branching point of circulating and resident memory lineages by suppressing tissue egress of Trm precursors early during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Aglmous
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A Bovens
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
STAT3 Role in T-Cell Memory Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052878. [PMID: 35270020 PMCID: PMC8910982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the clinical success of immuno-oncology drugs and cellular therapies, T-cell biology has attracted considerable attention in the immunology community. Long-term immunity, traditionally analyzed in the context of infection, is increasingly studied in cancer. Many signaling pathways, transcription factors, and metabolic regulators have been shown to participate in the formation of memory T cells. There is increasing evidence that the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is crucial for the formation of long-term T-cell immunity capable of efficient recall responses. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about STAT3 role in the context of memory T-cell formation and antitumor immunity.
Collapse
|
61
|
Nadeau S, Martins GA. Conserved and Unique Functions of Blimp1 in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:805260. [PMID: 35154079 PMCID: PMC8829541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1), is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulator originally described as a repressor of gene transcription. Blimp1 crucially regulates embryonic development and terminal differentiation in numerous cell lineages, including immune cells. Initial investigations of Blimp1’s role in immunity established its non-redundant role in lymphocytic terminal effector differentiation and function. In B cells, Blimp1 drives plasmablast formation and antibody secretion, whereas in T cells, Blimp1 regulates functional differentiation, including cytokine gene expression. These studies established Blimp1 as an essential transcriptional regulator that promotes efficient and controlled adaptive immunity. Recent studies have also demonstrated important roles for Blimp1 in innate immune cells, specifically myeloid cells, and Blimp1 has been established as an intrinsic regulator of dendritic cell maturation and T cell priming. Emerging studies have determined both conserved and unique functions of Blimp1 in different immune cell subsets, including the unique direct activation of the igh gene transcription in B cells and a conserved antagonism with BCL6 in B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. Moreover, polymorphisms associated with the gene encoding Blimp1 (PRDM1) have been linked to numerous chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Blimp1 has been shown to regulate target gene expression by either competing with other transcription factors for binding to the target loci, and/or by recruiting various chromatin-modifying co-factors that promote suppressive chromatin structure, such as histone de-acetylases and methyl-transferases. Further, Blimp1 function has been shown to be essentially dose and context-dependent, which adds to Blimp1’s versatility as a regulator of gene expression. Here, we review Blimp1’s complex roles in immunity and highlight specific gaps in the understanding of the biology of this transcriptional regulator, with a major focus on aspects that could foster the description and understanding of novel pathways regulated by Blimp1 in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nadeau
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jiao A, Sun C, Wang X, Lei L, Liu H, Li W, Yang X, Zheng H, Ding R, Zhu K, Su Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang B. DExD/H-box helicase 9 intrinsically controls CD8 + T cell-mediated antiviral response through noncanonical mechanisms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2691. [PMID: 35138904 PMCID: PMC8827654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon virus infection, CD8+ T cell accumulation is tightly controlled by simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear how TCR signal coordinates these events to achieve expansion and effector cell differentiation. We found that T cell-specific deletion of nuclear helicase Dhx9 led to impaired CD8+ T cell survival, effector differentiation, and viral clearance. Mechanistically, Dhx9 acts as the key regulator to ensure LCK- and CD3ε-mediated ZAP70 phosphorylation and ERK activation to protect CD8+ T cells from apoptosis before proliferative burst. Dhx9 directly regulates Id2 transcription to control effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. The DSRM and OB_Fold domains are required for LCK binding and Id2 transcription, respectively. Dhx9 expression is predominantly increased in effector CD8+ T cells of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we revealed a previously unknown regulatory mechanism that Dhx9 protects activated CD8+ T cells from apoptosis and ensures effector differentiation to promote antiviral immunity independent of nuclear sensor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Tsuda S, Pipkin ME. Transcriptional Control of Cell Fate Determination in Antigen-Experienced CD8 T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a037945. [PMID: 34127445 PMCID: PMC8805646 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Robust immunity to intracellular infections is mediated by antigen-specific naive CD8 T cells that become activated and differentiate into phenotypically and functionally diverse subsets of effector cells, some of which terminally differentiate and others that give rise to memory cells that provide long-lived protection. This developmental system is an outstanding model with which to elucidate how regulation of chromatin structure and transcriptional control establish gene expression programs that govern cell fate determination, insights from which are likely to be useful for informing the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to engineer durable immunity to infections and tumors. A unifying framework that describes how naive CD8 T cells develop into memory cells is still outstanding. We propose a model that incorporates a common early linear path followed by divergent paths that slowly lose capacity to interconvert and discuss classical and contemporary observations that support these notions, focusing on insights from transcriptional control and chromatin regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Tsuda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Matthew E Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zheng Y, Chen Z, Zhou B, Chen S, Han L, Chen N, Ma Y, Xie G, Yang J, Nie H, Shen L. PRMT5 Deficiency Enforces the Transcriptional and Epigenetic Programs of Klrg1 +CD8 + Terminal Effector T Cells and Promotes Cancer Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:501-513. [PMID: 34911774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) participates in the symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues of proteins and contributes to a wide range of biological processes. However, how PRMT5 affects the transcriptional and epigenetic programs involved in the establishment and maintenance of T cell subset differentiation and roles in antitumor immunity is still incompletely understood. In this study, using single-cell RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we found that mouse T cell-specific deletion of PRMT5 had greater effects on CD8+ than CD4+ T cell development, enforcing CD8+ T cell differentiation into Klrg1+ terminal effector cells. Mechanistically, T cell deficiency of PRMT5 activated Prdm1 by decreasing H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s deposition on its loci, which promoted the differentiation of Klrg1+CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, effector CD8+ T cells that transited to memory precursor cells were decreased in PRMT5-deficient T cells, thus causing dramatic CD8+ T cell death. In addition, in a mouse lung cancer cell line-transplanted tumor mouse model, the percentage of CD8+ T cells from T cell-specific deletion of PRMT5 mice was dramatically lost, but CD8+Foxp3+ and CD8+PDL1+ regulatory T cells were increased compared with the control group, thus accelerating tumor progression. We further verified these results in a mouse colon cancer cell line-transplanted tumor mouse model. Our study validated the importance of targeting PRMT5 in tumor treatment, because PRMT5 deficiency enforced Klrg1+ terminal CD8+ T cell development and eliminated antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Zheyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningdai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; .,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.,Xin Hua Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ciucci T, Vacchio MS, Chen T, Nie J, Chopp LB, McGavern DB, Kelly MC, Bosselut R. Dependence on Bcl6 and Blimp1 drive distinct differentiation of murine memory and follicular helper CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20202343. [PMID: 34792530 PMCID: PMC8605495 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the immune response, CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector subtypes, including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that help B cells, and into memory cells. Tfh and memory cells are required for long-term immunity; both depend on the transcription factor Bcl6, raising the question whether they differentiate through similar mechanisms. Here, using single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, we show that virus-responding CD4+ T cells lacking both Bcl6 and Blimp1 can differentiate into cells with transcriptomic, chromatin accessibility, and functional attributes of memory cells but not of Tfh cells. Thus, Bcl6 promotes memory cell differentiation primarily through its repression of Blimp1. These findings demonstrate that distinct mechanisms underpin the differentiation of memory and Tfh CD4+ cells and define the Bcl6-Blimp1 axis as a potential target for promoting long-term memory T cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Melanie S. Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ting Chen
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura B. Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael C. Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Genetic ablation of PRDM1 in antitumor T cells enhances therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy. Blood 2021; 139:2156-2172. [PMID: 34861037 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cancer immunotherapy can induce objective clinical efficacy in patients with advanced cancer; however, a sustained response is achieved in a minority of cases. The persistence of infused T cells is an essential determinant of a durable therapeutic response. Antitumor T cells undergo a genome-wide remodeling of the epigenetic architecture upon repeated antigen encounters, which inevitably induces progressive T-cell differentiation and the loss of longevity. In this study, we identified PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1) i.e., Blimp-1, as a key epigenetic gene associated with terminal T-cell differentiation. The genetic knockout of PRDM1 by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) supported the maintenance of an early memory phenotype and polyfunctional cytokine secretion in repeatedly stimulated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. PRDM1 disruption promoted the expansion of less differentiated memory CAR-T cells in vivo, which enhanced T-cell persistence and improved therapeutic efficacy in multiple tumor models. Mechanistically, PRDM1-ablated T cells displayed enhanced chromatin accessibility of the genes that regulate memory formation, thereby leading to the acquisition of gene expression profiles representative of early memory T cells. PRDM1 knockout also facilitated maintaining an early memory phenotype and cytokine polyfunctionality in T-cell receptor-engineered T cells as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In other words, targeting PRDM1 enabled the generation of superior antitumor T cells, which is potentially applicable to a wide range of adoptive cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
67
|
Yee Mon KJ, Zhu H, Daly CWP, Vu LT, Smith NL, Patel R, Topham DJ, Scheible K, Jambo K, Le MTN, Rudd BD, Grimson A. MicroRNA-29 specifies age-related differences in the CD8+ T cell immune response. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109969. [PMID: 34758312 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of cell fate in the CD8+ T cell response to infection. Although there are several examples of miRNAs acting on effector CD8+ T cells after infection, it is unclear whether differential expression of one or more miRNAs in the naive state is consequential in altering their long-term trajectory. To answer this question, we examine the role of miR-29 in neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells, which express different amounts of miR-29 only prior to infection and adopt profoundly different fates after immune challenge. We find that manipulation of miR-29 expression in the naive state is sufficient for age-adjusting the phenotype and function of CD8+ T cells, including their regulatory landscapes and long-term differentiation trajectories after infection. Thus, miR-29 acts as a developmental switch by controlling the balance between a rapid effector response in neonates and the generation of long-lived memory in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel J Yee Mon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongya Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ciarán W P Daly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Luyen T Vu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norah L Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kristin Scheible
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kondwani Jambo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
DNA Methylation and Immune Memory Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112943. [PMID: 34831166 PMCID: PMC8616503 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of memory is a cardinal feature of the adaptive immune response, involving different factors in a complex process of cellular differentiation. This process is essential for protecting the second encounter with pathogens and is the mechanism by which vaccines work. Epigenetic changes play important roles in the regulation of cell differentiation events. There are three types of epigenetic regulation: DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression. One of these epigenetic changes, DNA methylation, occurs in cytosine residues, mainly in CpG dinucleotides. This brief review aimed to analyse the literature to verify the involvement of DNA methylation during memory T and B cell development. Several studies have highlighted the importance of the DNA methyltransferases, enzymes that catalyse the methylation of DNA, during memory differentiation, maintenance, and function. The methylation profile within different subsets of naïve activated and memory cells could be an interesting tool to help monitor immune memory response.
Collapse
|
69
|
Meldgaard TS, Blengio F, Maffione D, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, Nuti S, Kratzer R, Medini D, Siena E, Bertholet S. Single-Cell Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Transcripts Reveals Profiles Specific to mRNA or Adjuvanted Protein Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757151. [PMID: 34777370 PMCID: PMC8586650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a key role in mediating protective immunity after immune challenges such as infection or vaccination. Several subsets of differentiated CD8+ T cells have been identified, however, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism that underlies T-cell differentiation is lacking. Conventional approaches to the study of immune responses are typically limited to the analysis of bulk groups of cells that mask the cells' heterogeneity (RNA-seq, microarray) and to the assessment of a relatively limited number of biomarkers that can be evaluated simultaneously at the population level (flow and mass cytometry). Single-cell analysis, on the other hand, represents a possible alternative that enables a deeper characterization of the underlying cellular heterogeneity. In this study, a murine model was used to characterize immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA533-541)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses to nucleic- and protein-based influenza vaccine candidates, using single-cell sorting followed by transcriptomic analysis. Investigation of single-cell gene expression profiles enabled the discovery of unique subsets of CD8+ T cells that co-expressed cytotoxic genes after vaccination. Moreover, this method enabled the characterization of antigen specific CD8+ T cells that were previously undetected. Single-cell transcriptome profiling has the potential to allow for qualitative discrimination of cells, which could lead to novel insights on biological pathways involved in cellular responses. This approach could be further validated and allow for more informed decision making in preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Sundebo Meldgaard
- Research & Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Denise Maffione
- Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Nuti
- Research & Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
- Research & Development, GSK, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sylvie Bertholet
- Research & Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
- Research & Development, GSK, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Singh K, Hotchkiss KM, Patel KK, Wilkinson DS, Mohan AA, Cook SL, Sampson JH. Enhancing T Cell Chemotaxis and Infiltration in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5367. [PMID: 34771532 PMCID: PMC8582389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an immunologically 'cold' tumor, which are characterized by absent or minimal numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). For those tumors that have been invaded by lymphocytes, they are profoundly exhausted and ineffective. While many immunotherapy approaches seek to reinvigorate immune cells at the tumor, this requires TILs to be present. Therefore, to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor is highly desirable. However, the process of T cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated. Naïve T cells may undergo an initial licensing process to enter the migratory phenotype necessary to enter the CNS. T cells then must express appropriate integrins and selectin ligands to interact with transmembrane proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Finally, they must interact with antigen-presenting cells and undergo further licensing to enter the parenchyma. These T cells must then navigate the tumor microenvironment, which is rich in immunosuppressive factors. Altered tumoral metabolism also interferes with T cell motility. In this review, we will describe these processes and their mediators, along with potential therapeutic approaches to enhance trafficking. We also discuss safety considerations for such approaches as well as potential counteragents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirit Singh
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (K.M.H.); (K.K.P.); (D.S.W.); (A.A.M.); (S.L.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John H. Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (K.M.H.); (K.K.P.); (D.S.W.); (A.A.M.); (S.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hirschhorn D, Betof Warner A, Maniyar R, Chow A, Mangarin LM, Cohen AD, Hamadene L, Rizzuto GA, Budhu S, Suek N, Liu C, Houghton AN, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD. Cyclophosphamide enhances the antitumor potency of GITR engagement by increasing oligoclonal cytotoxic T cell fitness. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151035. [PMID: 34676831 PMCID: PMC8564916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a subset of cancer patients responds to checkpoint blockade inhibition in the clinic. Strategies to overcome resistance are promising areas of investigation. Targeting glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) has shown efficacy in preclinical models, but GITR engagement is ineffective in controlling advanced, poorly immunogenic tumors, such as B16 melanoma, and has not yielded benefit in clinical trials. The alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) depletes regulatory T cells (Tregs), expands tumor-specific effector T cells (Teffs) via homeostatic proliferation, and induces immunogenic cell death. GITR agonism has an inhibitory effect on Tregs and activates Teffs. We therefore hypothesized that CTX and GITR agonism would promote effective antitumor immunity. Here we show that the combination of CTX and GITR agonism controlled tumor growth in clinically relevant mouse models. Mechanistically, we show that the combination therapy caused tumor cell death, clonal expansion of highly active CD8+ T cells, and depletion of Tregs by activation-induced cell death. Control of tumor growth was associated with the presence of an expanded population of highly activated, tumor-infiltrating, oligoclonal CD8+ T cells that led to a diminished TCR repertoire. Our studies show that the combination of CTX and GITR agonism is a rational chemoimmunotherapeutic approach that warrants further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hirschhorn
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison Betof Warner
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachana Maniyar
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Levi Mb Mangarin
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam D Cohen
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
| | - Linda Hamadene
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Rizzuto
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathan Suek
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan N Houghton
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Mandala WL, Harawa V, Dzinjalamala F, Tembo D. The role of different components of the immune system against Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Possible contribution towards malaria vaccine development. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 246:111425. [PMID: 34666102 PMCID: PMC8655617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria still remains a major global public health challenge with over 220 million new cases and well over 400,000 deaths annually. Most of the deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa which bears 90 % of the malaria cases. Such high P. falciparum malaria-related morbidity and mortality rates pose a huge burden on the health and economic wellbeing of the countries affected. Lately, substantial gains have been made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality through intense malaria control initiatives such as use of effective antimalarials, intensive distribution and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and implementation of massive indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns. However, these gains are being threatened by widespread resistance of the parasite to antimalarials, and the vector to insecticides. Over the years the use of vaccines has proven to be the most reliable, cost-effective and efficient method for controlling the burden and spread of many infectious diseases, especially in resource poor settings with limited public health infrastructure. Nonetheless, this had not been the case with malaria until the most promising malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01, was approved for pilot implementation programme in three African countries in 2015. This was regarded as the most important breakthrough in the fight against malaria. However, RTS,S/AS01 has been found to have some limitations, the main ones being low efficacy in certain age groups, poor immunogenicity and need for almost three boosters to attain a reasonable efficacy. Thus, the search for a more robust and effective malaria vaccine still continues and a better understanding of naturally acquired immune responses to the various stages, including the transmissible stages of the parasite, could be crucial in rational vaccine design. This review therefore compiles what is currently known about the basic biology of P. falciparum and the natural malaria immune response against malaria and progress made towards vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson L Mandala
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | | | - Fraction Dzinjalamala
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
CD8 T Cell Vaccines and a Cytomegalovirus-Based Vector Approach. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101097. [PMID: 34685468 PMCID: PMC8538937 DOI: 10.3390/life11101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The twentieth century witnessed a huge expansion in the number of vaccines used with great success in combating diseases, especially the ones caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. Despite this, several major public health threats, such as HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer, still pose an enormous humanitarian and economic burden. As vaccines based on the induction of protective, neutralizing antibodies have not managed to effectively combat these diseases, in recent decades, the focus has increasingly shifted towards the cellular immune response. There is substantial evidence demonstrating CD8 T cells as key players in the protection not only against many viral and bacterial pathogens, but also in the fight against neoplastic cells. Here, we present arguments for CD8 T cells to be considered as promising candidates for vaccine targeting. We discuss the heterogeneity of CD8 T cell populations and their contribution in the protection of the host. We also outline several strategies of using a common human pathogen, cytomegalovirus, as a vaccine vector since accumulated data strongly suggest it represents a promising approach to the development of novel vaccines against both pathogens and tumors.
Collapse
|
74
|
Connolly KA, Kuchroo M, Venkat A, Khatun A, Wang J, William I, Hornick NI, Fitzgerald BL, Damo M, Kasmani MY, Cui C, Fagerberg E, Monroy I, Hutchins A, Cheung JF, Foster GG, Mariuzza DL, Nader M, Zhao H, Cui W, Krishnaswamy S, Joshi NS. A reservoir of stem-like CD8 + T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing antitumor immune response. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg7836. [PMID: 34597124 PMCID: PMC8593910 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg7836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
“Stem-like” TCF1+ CD8+ T (TSL) cells are necessary for long-term maintenance of T cell responses and the efficacy of immunotherapy, but, as tumors contain signals that should drive T cell terminal differentiation, how these cells are maintained in tumors remains unclear. In this study, we found that a small number of TCF1+ tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were present in lung tumors throughout their development. Yet, most intratumoral T cells differentiated as tumors progressed, corresponding with an immunologic shift in the tumor microenvironment (TME) from “hot” (T cell inflamed) to “cold” (non–T cell inflamed). By contrast, most tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) had functions and gene expression signatures similar to TSL from chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and this population was stable over time despite the changes in the TME. dLN T cells were the developmental precursors of, and were clonally related to, their more differentiated intratumoral counterparts. Our data support the hypothesis that dLN T cells are the developmental precursors of the TCF1+ T cells in tumors that are maintained by continuous migration. Last, CD8+ T cells similar to TSL were also present in LNs from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that a similar model may be relevant in human disease. Thus, we propose that the dLN TSL reservoir has a critical function in sustaining antitumor T cells during tumor development and in protecting them from the terminal differentiation that occurs in the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Connolly
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Manik Kuchroo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aarthi Venkat
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivana William
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Noah I Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Brittany L Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isabel Monroy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Amanda Hutchins
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Julie F Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gena G Foster
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Dylan L Mariuzza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Mursal Nader
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics and Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
Immunological memory and exhaustion are fundamental features of adaptive immunity. Recent advances reveal increasing heterogeneity and diversity among CD8 T-cell subsets, resulting in new subsets to annotate and understand. Here, we review our current knowledge of differentiation and maintenance of memory and exhausted CD8 T cells, including phenotypic classification, developmental paths, transcriptional and epigenetic features, and cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Additionally, we use this outline to discuss the nomenclature of effector, memory, and exhausted CD8 T cells. Finally, we discuss how new findings about these cell types may impact the therapeutic efficacy and development of immunotherapies targeting effector, memory, and/or exhausted CD8 T cells in chronic infections and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Muroyama
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Abramson Cancer Center
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kretschmer L, Busch DH, Buchholz VR. A Single-Cell Perspective on Memory T-Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a038067. [PMID: 33903160 PMCID: PMC8411955 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations has been extensively studied and many key molecular players and transcriptional networks have been identified. But how regulatory principles, identified on this population level, translate to immune responses that originate from single antigen-specific T cells is only now being elucidated. Here, we provide a short summary of the approaches used for mapping the fate of individual T cells and their progeny in vivo. We then highlight which major questions, with respect to memory T-cell differentiation, have been addressed by studying the development of single-cell-derived T-cell families during infection or vaccination. We discuss how fate decisions of single T cells are modulated by the affinity of their TCR and further shaped through a coregulation of T-cell differentiation and T-cell proliferation. These current findings indicate the early segregation into slowly dividing T central memory precursors (CMPs) and rapidly dividing non-CMPs, as a key event that separates the developmental paths of long- and short-lived T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kretschmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Parga-Vidal L, Behr FM, Kragten NAM, Nota B, Wesselink TH, Kavazović I, Covill LE, Schuller MBP, Bryceson YT, Wensveen FM, van Lier RAW, van Dam TJP, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Hobit identifies tissue-resident memory T cell precursors that are regulated by Eomes. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/62/eabg3533. [PMID: 34417257 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) constitute a noncirculating memory T cell subset that provides early protection against reinfection. However, how TRM arise from antigen-triggered T cells has remained unclear. Exploiting the TRM-restricted expression of Hobit, we used TRM reporter/deleter mice to study TRM differentiation. We found that Hobit was up-regulated in a subset of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells located within peripheral tissues during the effector phase of the immune response. These Hobit+ effector T cells were identified as TRM precursors, given that their depletion substantially decreased TRM development but not the formation of circulating memory T cells. Adoptive transfer experiments of Hobit+ effector T cells corroborated their biased contribution to the TRM lineage. Transcriptional profiling of Hobit+ effector T cells underlined the early establishment of TRM properties including down-regulation of tissue exit receptors and up-regulation of TRM-associated molecules. We identified Eomes as a key factor instructing the early bifurcation of circulating and resident lineages. These findings establish that commitment of TRM occurs early in antigen-driven T cell differentiation and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying this differentiation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Laura E Covill
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margo B P Schuller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Brogelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teunis J P van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chen Y, Shen J, Kasmani MY, Topchyan P, Cui W. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Core Regulatory Programs That Determine the Heterogeneity of Circulating and Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2143. [PMID: 34440912 PMCID: PMC8392357 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute infections, CD8+ T cells form various memory subpopulations to provide long-lasting protection against reinfection. T central memory (TCM), T effector memory (TEM), and long-lived effector (LLE) cells are circulating memory populations with distinct plasticity, migration patterns, and effector functions. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells permanently reside in the frontline sites of pathogen entry and provide tissue-specific protection upon reinfection. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq, we examined the different and shared transcriptomes and regulators of TRM cells with other circulating memory populations. Furthermore, we identified heterogeneity within the TRM pool from small intestine and novel transcriptional regulators that may control the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of TRM cells during acute infection. Our findings provide a resource for future studies to identify novel pathways for enhancing vaccination and immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA; (Y.C.); (J.S.); (M.Y.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Jian Shen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA; (Y.C.); (J.S.); (M.Y.K.); (P.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA; (Y.C.); (J.S.); (M.Y.K.); (P.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA; (Y.C.); (J.S.); (M.Y.K.); (P.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA; (Y.C.); (J.S.); (M.Y.K.); (P.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yao Q, Ferragina P, Reshef Y, Lettre G, Bauer DE, Pinello L. Motif-Raptor: a cell type-specific and transcription factor centric approach for post-GWAS prioritization of causal regulators. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:2103-2111. [PMID: 33532840 PMCID: PMC11025460 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of common trait-associated genetic variants but interpretation of their function remains challenging. These genetic variants can overlap the binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) and therefore could alter gene expression. However, we currently lack a systematic understanding on how this mechanism contributes to phenotype. RESULTS We present Motif-Raptor, a TF-centric computational tool that integrates sequence-based predictive models, chromatin accessibility, gene expression datasets and GWAS summary statistics to systematically investigate how TF function is affected by genetic variants. Given trait-associated non-coding variants, Motif-Raptor can recover relevant cell types and critical TFs to drive hypotheses regarding their mechanism of action. We tested Motif-Raptor on complex traits such as rheumatoid arthritis and red blood cell count and demonstrated its ability to prioritize relevant cell types, potential regulatory TFs and non-coding SNPs which have been previously characterized and validated. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Motif-Raptor is freely available as a Python package at: https://github.com/pinellolab/MotifRaptor. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Yao
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Ferragina
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56128, Italy
| | - Yakir Reshef
- Department of Computer Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C3J7, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Farsakoglu Y, McDonald B, Kaech SM. Motility Matters: How CD8 + T-Cell Trafficking Influences Effector and Memory Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038075. [PMID: 34001529 PMCID: PMC8327832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity that confers long-lasting protection from reinfections. Memory CD8+ T cells provide protection by actively scanning for their cognate antigen and migrating into inflamed tissues. Trafficking patterns of CD8+ T cells are also a major determinant of cell fate outcomes during differentiation into effector and memory cell states. CD8+ T-cell trafficking must therefore be dynamically and tightly regulated to ensure that CD8+ T cells arrive at the correct locations and differentiate to acquire appropriate effector functions. This review aims to discuss the importance of CD8+ T-cell trafficking patterns in regulating effector and memory differentiation, maintenance, and reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Milner JJ, Toma C, Quon S, Omilusik K, Scharping NE, Dey A, Reina-Campos M, Nguyen H, Getzler AJ, Diao H, Yu B, Delpoux A, Yoshida TM, Li D, Qi J, Vincek A, Hedrick SM, Egawa T, Zhou MM, Crotty S, Ozato K, Pipkin ME, Goldrath AW. Bromodomain protein BRD4 directs and sustains CD8 T cell differentiation during infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202512. [PMID: 34037670 PMCID: PMC8160575 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, pathogen-specific CD8 T cells differentiate into functionally diverse effector and memory T cell populations critical for resolving disease and providing durable immunity. Through small-molecule inhibition, RNAi studies, and induced genetic deletion, we reveal an essential role for the chromatin modifier and BET family member BRD4 in supporting the differentiation and maintenance of terminally fated effector CD8 T cells during infection. BRD4 bound diverse regulatory regions critical to effector T cell differentiation and controlled transcriptional activity of terminal effector-specific super-enhancers in vivo. Consequentially, induced deletion of Brd4 or small molecule-mediated BET inhibition impaired maintenance of a terminal effector T cell phenotype. BRD4 was also required for terminal differentiation of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment in murine models, which we show has implications for immunotherapies. Taken together, these data reveal an unappreciated requirement for BRD4 in coordinating activity of cis regulatory elements to control CD8 T cell fate and lineage stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Milner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Clara Toma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kyla Omilusik
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nicole E. Scharping
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anup Dey
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongtuyet Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Adam J. Getzler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Huitian Diao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arnaud Delpoux
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tomomi M. Yoshida
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Vincek
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew E. Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hou W, Ji Z, Chen Z, Wherry EJ, Hicks SC, Ji H. A statistical framework for differential pseudotime analysis with multiple single-cell RNA-seq samples. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.07.10.451910. [PMID: 34282418 PMCID: PMC8288148 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.10.451910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudotime analysis with single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data has been widely used to study dynamic gene regulatory programs along continuous biological processes. While many computational methods have been developed to infer the pseudo-temporal trajectories of cells within a biological sample, methods that compare pseudo-temporal patterns with multiple samples (or replicates) across different experimental conditions are lacking. Lamian is a comprehensive and statistically-rigorous computational framework for differential multi-sample pseudotime analysis. It can be used to identify changes in a biological process associated with sample covariates, such as different biological conditions, and also to detect changes in gene expression, cell density, and topology of a pseudotemporal trajectory. Unlike existing methods that ignore sample variability, Lamian draws statistical inference after accounting for cross-sample variability and hence substantially reduces sample-specific false discoveries that are not generalizable to new samples. Using both simulations and real scRNA-seq data, including an analysis of differential immune response programs between COVID-19 patients with different disease severity levels, we demonstrate the advantages of Lamian in decoding cellular gene expression programs in continuous biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpin Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Akman B, Hu X, Liu X, Hatipoğlu T, You H, Chan WC, Küçük C. PRDM1 decreases sensitivity of human NK cells to IL2-induced cell expansion by directly repressing CD25 (IL2RA). J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:901-914. [PMID: 33145806 PMCID: PMC8084872 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0520-321rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL2 receptor signaling is crucial for human NK cell activation and gain of effector functions. The molecular mechanisms involved in termination of IL2 activation are largely unknown in human NK cells. PR/SET domain 1 was previously reported to decrease cell growth and increase apoptosis in an IL2-dependent manner in malignant NK cell lines, suggesting the possibility of down-regulation of IL2 signaling pathway gene(s) through direct transcriptional repression. Using ChIP-Seq, we identified a PRDM1 binding site on the first intron of CD25 (IL2RA), which codes for the IL2 receptor subunit regulating sensitivity to IL2 signaling, in primary NK cells activated with engineered K562 cells or IL2. Ectopic expression of PRDM1 down-regulated CD25 expression at transcript and protein levels in two PRDM1 nonexpressing NK cell lines. shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD25 in two malignant NK cell lines led to progressive depletion of NK cells in low IL2 concentrations. By contrast, ectopic CD25 expression in primary human NK cells led to progressive increase in cell number in CD25-transduced cells in low IL2 concentrations. Altogether these results reveal a pivotal role of PRDM1 in inhibition of IL2-induced NK cell expansion through direct repression of CD25 in activated human NK cells. These observations provide additional support for the role of PRDM1 in attenuation of NK cell activation and growth, with implications on neoplastic transformation or NK cell function when it is deregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Akman
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University (DEU), İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), İzmir, Turkey
| | - Xiaozhou Hu
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University (DEU), İzmir, Turkey
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tevfik Hatipoğlu
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University (DEU), İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Can Küçük
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University (DEU), İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
van Gisbergen KPJM, Zens KD, Münz C. T-cell memory in tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1310-1324. [PMID: 33837521 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long-lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues including tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm). Here, we will discuss the phenotype of these Trm in mice and humans, the tissues and niches that support them, and their function, plasticity, and transcriptional control. Their unique properties enable Trm to achieve long-lived immunological memory that can be deposited in nearly every organ in response to acute and persistent infection, and in response to cancer. However, Trm may also induce substantial immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune disease if their actions remain unchecked. Therefore, inhibitory and activating stimuli appear to balance the actions of Trm to ensure rapid proinflammatory responses upon infection and to prevent damage to host tissues under steady state conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra D Zens
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Schnaack OH, Nourmohammad A. Optimal evolutionary decision-making to store immune memory. eLife 2021; 10:61346. [PMID: 33908347 PMCID: PMC8116052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system provides a diverse set of molecules that can mount specific responses against a multitude of pathogens. Memory is a key feature of adaptive immunity, which allows organisms to respond more readily upon re-infections. However, differentiation of memory cells is still one of the least understood cell fate decisions. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework to characterize optimal strategies to store memory to maximize the utility of immune response over an organism's lifetime. We show that memory production should be actively regulated to balance between affinity and cross-reactivity of immune receptors for an effective protection against evolving pathogens. Moreover, we predict that specificity of memory should depend on the organism's lifespan, and shorter lived organisms with fewer pathogenic encounters should store more cross-reactive memory. Our framework provides a baseline to gauge the efficacy of immune memory in light of an organism's coevolutionary history with pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar H Schnaack
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Armita Nourmohammad
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Cellular networks controlling T cell persistence in adoptive cell therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:769-784. [PMID: 33879873 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The antitumour activity of endogenous or adoptively transferred tumour-specific T cells is highly dependent on their differentiation status. It is now apparent that less differentiated T cells compared with fully differentiated effector T cells have better antitumour therapeutic effects owing to their enhanced capacity to expand and their long-term persistence. In patients with cancer, the presence of endogenous or adoptively transferred T cells with stem-like memory or precursor phenotype correlates with improved therapeutic outcomes. Advances in our understanding of T cell differentiation states at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels have led to the development of novel methods to generate tumour-specific T cells - namely, chimeric antigen receptor T cells - that are more persistent and resistant to the development of dysfunction. These include the use of novel culture methods before infusion, modulation of transcriptional, metabolic and/or epigenetic programming, and strategies that fine-tune antigen receptor signalling. This Review discusses existing barriers and strategies to overcome them for successful T cell expansion and persistence in the context of adoptive T cell immunotherapy for solid cancers.
Collapse
|
87
|
Chung HK, McDonald B, Kaech SM. The architectural design of CD8+ T cell responses in acute and chronic infection: Parallel structures with divergent fates. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201730. [PMID: 33755719 PMCID: PMC7992501 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, T cells adopt a range of differentiation states, creating numerous heterogeneous subsets that exhibit different phenotypes, functions, and migration patterns. This T cell heterogeneity is a universal feature of T cell immunity, needed to effectively control pathogens in a context-dependent manner and generate long-lived immunity to those pathogens. Here, we review new insights into differentiation state dynamics and population heterogeneity of CD8+ T cells in acute and chronic viral infections and cancer and highlight the parallels and distinctions between acute and chronic antigen stimulation settings. We focus on transcriptional and epigenetic networks that modulate the plasticity and terminal differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and generate functionally diverse T cell subsets with different roles to combat infection and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kay Chung
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Weber EW, Parker KR, Sotillo E, Lynn RC, Anbunathan H, Lattin J, Good Z, Belk JA, Daniel B, Klysz D, Malipatlolla M, Xu P, Bashti M, Heitzeneder S, Labanieh L, Vandris P, Majzner RG, Qi Y, Sandor K, Chen LC, Prabhu S, Gentles AJ, Wandless TJ, Satpathy AT, Chang HY, Mackall CL. Transient rest restores functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling. Science 2021; 372:eaba1786. [PMID: 33795428 PMCID: PMC8049103 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion limits immune responses against cancer and is a major cause of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapeutics. Using murine xenograft models and an in vitro model wherein tonic CAR signaling induces hallmark features of exhaustion, we tested the effect of transient cessation of receptor signaling, or rest, on the development and maintenance of exhaustion. Induction of rest through enforced down-regulation of the CAR protein using a drug-regulatable system or treatment with the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib resulted in the acquisition of a memory-like phenotype, global transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming, and restored antitumor functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells. This work demonstrates that rest can enhance CAR-T cell efficacy by preventing or reversing exhaustion, and it challenges the notion that exhaustion is an epigenetically fixed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Weber
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Department of Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel C Lynn
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hima Anbunathan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Lattin
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zinaida Good
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meena Malipatlolla
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malek Bashti
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sabine Heitzeneder
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Panayiotis Vandris
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Snehit Prabhu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J Wandless
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Department of Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Chi Z, Lu Y, Yang Y, Li B, Lu P. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3239-3246. [PMID: 33738533 PMCID: PMC11073161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that plays important roles in regulating T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance. PD-1 signaling prevents T cells from overactivation during acute infections, but it maintains T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Tumor cells can exploit the PD-1 signaling pathway to evade antitumor immune responses. The PD-1 signaling pathway is also essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. PD-1 expression is strictly and differentially regulated by diverse mechanisms in immune cells. It is activated and repressed by distinct transcription factors in different circumstances. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms are also involved in regulating PD-1 expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression during different immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengde Chi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yinlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Peiyuan Lu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Pipkin ME. Runx proteins and transcriptional mechanisms that govern memory CD8 T cell development. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:100-124. [PMID: 33682165 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens and tumors is mediated by antigen-experienced CD8 T cells. Individual naive CD8 T cells have the potential to differentiate into a diverse array of antigen-experienced subsets that exhibit distinct effector functions, life spans, anatomic positioning, and potential for regenerating an entirely new immune response during iterative pathogenic exposures. The developmental process by which activated naive cells undergo diversification involves regulation of chromatin structure and transcription but is not entirely understood. This review examines how alterations in chromatin structure, transcription factor binding, extracellular signals, and single-cell gene expression explain the differential development of distinct effector (TEFF ) and memory (TMEM ) CD8 T cell subsets. Special emphasis is placed on how Runx proteins function with additional transcription factors to pioneer changes in chromatin accessibility and drive transcriptional programs that establish the core attributes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, subdivide circulating and non-circulating TMEM cell subsets, and govern terminal differentiation. The discussion integrates the roles of specific cytokine signals, transcriptional circuits and how regulation of individual nucleosomes and RNA polymerase II activity can contribute to the process of differentiation. A model that integrates many of these features is discussed to conceptualize how activated CD8 T cells arrive at their fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute - FL, Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Huang Z, Kang SG, Li Y, Zak J, Shaabani N, Deng K, Shepherd J, Bhargava R, Teijaro JR, Xiao C. IFNAR1 signaling in NK cells promotes persistent virus infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabb8087. [PMID: 33771858 PMCID: PMC7997497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of type 1 interferon (IFN-I) signaling promotes the control of persistent virus infection, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that genetic ablation of Ifnar1 specifically in natural killer (NK) cells led to elevated numbers of T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells, and plasma cells and improved antiviral T cell function, resulting in hastened virus clearance that was comparable to IFNAR1 neutralizing antibody treatment. Antigen-specific B cells and antiviral antibodies were essential for the accelerated control of LCMV Cl13 infection following IFNAR1 blockade. IFNAR1 signaling in NK cells promoted NK cell function and general killing of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Therefore, inhibition of IFN-I signaling in NK cells enhances CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, promotes humoral immune responses, and thereby facilitates the control of persistent virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Bioscience/Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - Jovan Shepherd
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raag Bhargava
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Huang H, Zhou P, Wei J, Long L, Shi H, Dhungana Y, Chapman NM, Fu G, Saravia J, Raynor JL, Liu S, Palacios G, Wang YD, Qian C, Yu J, Chi H. In vivo CRISPR screening reveals nutrient signaling processes underpinning CD8 + T cell fate decisions. Cell 2021; 184:1245-1261.e21. [PMID: 33636132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How early events in effector T cell (TEFF) subsets tune memory T cell (TMEM) responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigated metabolic factors in fate determination of TEFF and TMEM cells using in vivo pooled CRISPR screening, focusing on negative regulators of TMEM responses. We found that amino acid transporters Slc7a1 and Slc38a2 dampened the magnitude of TMEM differentiation, in part through modulating mTORC1 signaling. By integrating genetic and systems approaches, we identified cellular and metabolic heterogeneity among TEFF cells, with terminal effector differentiation associated with establishment of metabolic quiescence and exit from the cell cycle. Importantly, Pofut1 (protein-O-fucosyltransferase-1) linked GDP-fucose availability to downstream Notch-Rbpj signaling, and perturbation of this nutrient signaling axis blocked terminal effector differentiation but drove context-dependent TEFF proliferation and TMEM development. Our study establishes that nutrient uptake and signaling are key determinants of T cell fate and shape the quantity and quality of TMEM responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guotong Fu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
He K, Hettinga A, Kale SL, Hu S, Xie MM, Dent AL, Ray A, Poholek AC. Blimp-1 is essential for allergen-induced asthma and Th2 cell development in the lung. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151760. [PMID: 32399548 PMCID: PMC7336314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Th2 immune response is central to allergic airway inflammation, which afflicts millions worldwide. However, the mechanisms that augment GATA3 expression in an antigen-primed developing Th2 cell are not well understood. Here, we describe an unexpected role for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor that constrains autoimmunity, as an upstream promoter of GATA3 expression that is critical for Th2 cell development in the lung to inhaled but not systemically delivered allergens but is dispensable for TFH function and IgE production. Mechanistically, Blimp-1 acts through Bcl6, leading to increased GATA3 expression in lung Th2 cells. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IL-21, is required via STAT3 activation to up-regulate Blimp-1 and promote Th2 cell development. These data reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for an IL-10–STAT3–Blimp-1 circuit as an initiator of an inflammatory Th2 response in the lung to allergens. Thus, Blimp-1 in a context-dependent fashion can drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Hettinga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Duckworth BC, Groom JR. Conversations that count: Cellular interactions that drive T cell fate. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:203-219. [PMID: 33586207 PMCID: PMC8048805 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the extrinsic environment and the internal transcriptional network is circular. Naive T cells first engage with antigen‐presenting cells to set transcriptional differentiation networks in motion. In turn, this regulates specific chemokine receptors that direct migration into distinct lymph node niches. Movement into these regions brings newly activated T cells into contact with accessory cells and cytokines that reinforce the differentiation programming to specify T cell function. We and others have observed similarities in the transcriptional networks that specify both CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells and CD8+ central memory stem‐like (TSCM) cells. Here, we compare and contrast the current knowledge for these shared differentiation programs, compared to their effector counterparts, CD4+ T‐helper 1 (TH1) and CD8+ short‐lived effector (TSLEC) cells. Understanding the interplay between cellular interactions and transcriptional programming is essential to harness T cell differentiation that is fit for purpose; to stimulate potent T cell effector function for the elimination of chronic infection and cancer; or to amplify the formation of humoral immunity and longevity of cellular memory to prevent infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Han J, Ma Y, Ma L, Tan D, Niu H, Bai C, Mi Y, Xie T, Lv W, Wang J, Zhu B. Id3 and Bcl6 Promote the Development of Long-Term Immune Memory Induced by Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:126. [PMID: 33562631 PMCID: PMC7914852 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived memory cell formation and maintenance are usually regulated by cytokines and transcriptional factors. Adjuvant effects of IL-7 have been studied in the vaccines of influenza and other pathogens. However, few studies investigated the adjuvant effects of cytokines and transcriptional factors in prolonging the immune memory induced by a tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccine. To address this research gap, mice were treated with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) subunit vaccine Mtb10.4-HspX (MH) plus ESAT6-Ag85B-MPT64<190-198>-Mtb8.4-Rv2626c (LT70), together with adeno-associated virus-mediated IL-7 or lentivirus-mediated transcriptional factor Id3, Bcl6, Bach2, and Blimp1 at 0, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Immune responses induced by the vaccine were examined at 25 weeks after last immunization. The results showed that adeno-associated virus-mediated IL-7 allowed the TB subunit vaccine to induce the formation of long-lived memory T cells. Meanwhile, IL-7 increased the expression of Id3, Bcl6, and bach2-the three key transcription factors for the generation of long-lived memory T cells. The adjuvant effects of transcriptional factors, together with TB fusion protein MH/LT70 vaccination, showed that both Bcl6 and Id3 increased the production of antigen-specific antibodies and long-lived memory T cells, characterized by high proliferative potential of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and IFN-γ secretion in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, after re-exposure to the same antigen. Overall, our study suggests that IL-7 and transcriptional factors Id3 and Bcl6 help the TB subunit vaccine to induce long-term immune memory, which contributes to providing immune protection against M. tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Daquan Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunxiang Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.H.); (Y.M.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (H.N.); (C.B.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
T-Cell Dysfunction as a Limitation of Adoptive Immunotherapy: Current Concepts and Mitigation Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040598. [PMID: 33546277 PMCID: PMC7913380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary T cells are immune cells that can be used to target infections or cancers. Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy leverages these properties and/or confers new features to T cells through ex vivo manipulations prior to their use in patients. However, as a “living drug,” the function of these cells can be hampered by several built-in physiological constraints and external factors that limit their efficacy. Manipulating T cells ex vivo can impart dysfunctional features to T cells through repeated stimulations and expansion, but it also offers many opportunities to improve the therapeutic potential of these cells, including emerging interventions to prevent or reverse T-cell dysfunction developing ex vivo or after transfer in patients. This review outlines the various forms of T-cell dysfunction, emphasizes how it affects various types of T-cell immunotherapy approaches, and describes current and anticipated strategies to limit T-cell dysfunction. Abstract Over the last decades, cellular immunotherapy has revealed its curative potential. However, inherent physiological characteristics of immune cells can limit the potency of this approach. Best defined in T cells, dysfunction associated with terminal differentiation, exhaustion, senescence, and activation-induced cell death, undermine adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we concentrate on how the multiple mechanisms that articulate the various forms of immune dysfunction impact cellular therapies primarily involving conventional T cells, but also other lymphoid subtypes. The repercussions of immune cell dysfunction across the full life cycle of cell therapy, from the source material, during manufacturing, and after adoptive transfer, are discussed, with an emphasis on strategies used during ex vivo manipulations to limit T-cell dysfunction. Applicable to cellular products prepared from native and unmodified immune cells, as well as genetically engineered therapeutics, the understanding and potential modulation of dysfunctional features are key to the development of improved cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
97
|
Clark M, Kroger CJ, Ke Q, Tisch RM. The Role of T Cell Receptor Signaling in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615371. [PMID: 33603744 PMCID: PMC7884625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling influences multiple aspects of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunobiology including thymic development, peripheral homeostasis, effector subset differentiation/function, and memory formation. Additional T cell signaling cues triggered by co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines also affect TCR signaling duration, as well as accessory pathways that further shape a T cell response. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease targeting the insulin producing β cells in the pancreas. Evidence indicates that dysregulated TCR signaling events in T1D impact the efficacy of central and peripheral tolerance-inducing mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss how the strength and nature of TCR signaling events influence the development of self-reactive T cells and drive the progression of T1D through effects on T cell gene expression, lineage commitment, and maintenance of pathogenic anti-self T cell effector function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Johnnidis JB, Muroyama Y, Ngiow SF, Chen Z, Manne S, Cai Z, Song S, Platt JM, Schenkel JM, Abdel-Hakeem M, Beltra JC, Greenplate AR, Ali MAA, Nzingha K, Giles JR, Harly C, Attanasio J, Pauken KE, Bengsch B, Paley MA, Tomov VT, Kurachi M, Vignali DAA, Sharpe AH, Reiner SL, Bhandoola A, Johnson FB, Wherry EJ. Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8 + T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabe3702. [PMID: 33452106 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of memory T cells remain incompletely understood. During the expansion phase of acute viral infection, we identified a distinct subset of virus-specific CD8+ T cells that possessed distinct characteristics including expression of CD62L, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), and Eomesodermin; relative quiescence; expression of activation markers; and features of limited effector differentiation. These cells were a quantitatively minor subpopulation of the TCF-1+ pool and exhibited self-renewal, heightened DNA damage surveillance activity, and preferential long-term recall capacity. Despite features of memory and somewhat restrained proliferation during the expansion phase, this subset displayed evidence of stronger TCR signaling than other responding CD8+ T cells, coupled with elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), CD5, and CD160. Genetic ablation of PD-1 and LAG-3 compromised the formation of this CD62Lhi TCF-1+ subset and subsequent CD8+ T cell memory. Although central memory phenotype CD8+ T cells were formed in the absence of these cells, subsequent memory CD8+ T cell recall responses were compromised. Together, these results identify an important link between genome integrity maintenance and CD8+ T cell memory. Moreover, the data indicate a role for inhibitory receptors in preserving key memory CD8+ T cell precursors during initial activation and differentiation. Identification of this rare subpopulation within the memory CD8+ T cell precursor pool may help reconcile models of the developmental origin of long-term CD8+ T cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Johnnidis
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuki Muroyama
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shufei Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jesse M Platt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim A Ali
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- T-Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France
| | - John Attanasio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Paley
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vesselin T Tomov
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- T-Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - F Bradley Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Jaiswal H, Ciucci T, Wang H, Tang W, Claudio E, Murphy PM, Bosselut R, Siebenlist U. The NF-κB regulator Bcl-3 restricts terminal differentiation and promotes memory cell formation of CD8+ T cells during viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009249. [PMID: 33508001 PMCID: PMC7872245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB family that acts in the nucleus to modulate transcription of many NF-κB targets in a highly context-dependent manner. Accordingly, complete Bcl-3-/- mice have diverse defects in both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, direct effects of Bcl-3 action in individual immune cell types have not been clearly defined. Here, we document a cell-autonomous role for Bcl-3 in CD8+ T cell differentiation during the response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Single-cell RNA-seq and flow cytometric analysis of virus-specific Bcl3-/- CD8+ T cells revealed that differentiation was skewed towards terminal effector cells at the expense of memory precursor effector cells (MPECs). Accordingly, Bcl3-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited reduced memory cell formation and a defective recall response. Conversely, Bcl-3-overexpression in transgenic CD8+ T cells enhanced MPEC formation but reduced effector cell differentiation. Together, our results establish Bcl-3 as an autonomous determinant of memory/terminal effector cell balance during CD8+ T cell differentiation in response to acute viral infection. Our results provide proof-of-principle for targeting Bcl-3 pharmacologically to optimize adaptive immune responses to infectious agents, cancer cells, vaccines and other stimuli that induce CD8+ T cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Jaiswal
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wanhu Tang
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Estefania Claudio
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
León-Letelier RA, Castro-Medina DI, Badillo-Godinez O, Tepale-Segura A, Huanosta-Murillo E, Aguilar-Flores C, De León-Rodríguez SG, Mantilla A, Fuentes-Pananá EM, López-Macías C, Bonifaz LC. Induction of Progenitor Exhausted Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells Upon Salmonella Typhi Porins Adjuvant Immunization Correlates With Melanoma Control and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Cooperation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583382. [PMID: 33240271 PMCID: PMC7682137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has improved the clinical response in melanoma patients, although a relevant percentage of patients still cannot be salvaged. The search for the immune populations that provide the best tumor control and that can be coaxed by immunotherapy strategies is a hot topic in cancer research nowadays. Tumor-infiltrating TCF-1+ progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells seem to grant the best melanoma prognosis and also efficiently respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, giving rise to a TIM-3+ terminally exhausted population with heightened effector activity. We tested Porins from Salmonella Typhi as a pathogen associated molecular pattern adjuvant of natural or model antigen in prophylactic and therapeutic immunization approaches against murine melanoma. Porins induced protection against melanomas, even upon re-challenging of tumor-free mice. Porins efficiently expanded IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and induced central and effector memory in lymph nodes and tissue-resident (Trm) T cells in the skin and tumors. Porins induced TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+ Trm T cells in the tumor stroma and the presence of this population correlated with melanoma growth protection in mice. Porins immunization also cooperated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to hamper melanoma growth. Importantly, the potentially protective Trm populations induced by Porins in the murine model were also observed in melanoma patients in which their presence also correlated with disease control. Our data support the use of cancer vaccination to sculpt the tumor stroma with efficient and lasting Trm T cells with effector activities, highlighting the use of Porins as an adjuvant. Furthermore, our data place CD8+ Trm T cells with a progenitor exhausted phenotype as an important population for melanoma control, either independently or in cooperation with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A León-Letelier
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel I Castro-Medina
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Badillo-Godinez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Araceli Tepale-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Huanosta-Murillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saraí G De León-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel M Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|