51
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Wan D, Jiang W, Hao J. Research Advances in How the cGAS-STING Pathway Controls the Cellular Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:615. [PMID: 32411126 PMCID: PMC7198750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) along with the downstream stimulator of interferon genes (STING) acting as essential immune-surveillance mediators have become hot topics of research. The intrinsic function of the cGAS-STING pathway facilitates type-I interferon (IFN) inflammatory signaling responses and other cellular processes such as autophagy, cell survival, senescence. cGAS-STING pathway interplays with other innate immune pathways, by which it participates in regulating infection, inflammatory disease, and cancer. The therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway show promise for future translation into clinical applications. Here, we present a review of the important previous works and recent advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the modulatory pattern of the cGAS-STING pathway under multifarious pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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52
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Marineau A, Khan KA, Servant MJ. Roles of GSK-3 and β-Catenin in Antiviral Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040897. [PMID: 32272583 PMCID: PMC7226782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid activation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral innate immune response relies on ubiquitously expressed RNA and DNA sensors. Once engaged, these nucleotide-sensing receptors use distinct signaling modules for the rapid and robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, and the IKK-related kinases IKKε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to the subsequent activation of the activator protein 1 (AP1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factors, respectively. They, in turn, induce immunomodulatory genes, allowing for a rapid antiviral cellular response. Unlike the MAPKs, the IKK complex and the IKK-related kinases, ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) α and β isoforms are active in unstimulated resting cells and are involved in the constitutive turnover of β-catenin, a transcriptional coactivator involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and lineage commitment. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of both GSK-3 and β-catenin in type I IFN antiviral innate immune response, particularly affecting the activation of IRF3. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms by which GSK-3 and β-catenin control the antiviral innate immune response to RNA and DNA virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marineau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
| | - Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada;
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada;
- Réseau Québécois de Recherche sur les Médicaments (RQRM), Montréal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-7966
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53
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Zhou Q, Cheng C, Wei Y, Yang J, Zhou W, Song Q, Ke M, Yan W, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Huang K. USP15 potentiates NF-κB activation by differentially stabilizing TAB2 and TAB3. FEBS J 2020; 287:3165-3183. [PMID: 31903660 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)- and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation play key roles in inflammation, immunity, and cancer development. Here, we identified one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15), as a positive regulator in both TNFα- and IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. Overexpression of USP15 potentiated TNFα- or IL-1β-triggered NF-κB activation and downstream gene transcription, whereas knockdown of USP15 had opposite effects. Mechanistically, upon TNFα stimulation, USP15 showed an enhanced interaction with transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1)-TAK1 binding protein (TAB) complex to inhibit the proteolysis of TAB2/3 by different pathways. Apart from deubiquitination dependently inducing cleavage of lysine 48-linked TAB2 ubiquitination, USP15 also DUB independently inhibited lysosome-associated TAB2 degradation, thus enhanced TAB2 stabilization. For TAB3, USP15 inhibited NBR1-mediated selective autophagic TAB3 degradation independent of its deubiquitinating activity. Together, our results reveal a novel USP15-mediated mechanism through which efficient NF-κB activation is achieved by differentially maintaining the TAB2/3 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhou
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanzhu Zhou
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyi Song
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxiang Ke
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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54
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Sun MS, Zhang J, Jiang LQ, Pan YX, Tan JY, Yu F, Guo L, Yin L, Shen C, Shu HB, Liu Y. TMED2 Potentiates Cellular IFN Responses to DNA Viruses by Reinforcing MITA Dimerization and Facilitating Its Trafficking. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3086-3098.e3. [PMID: 30540941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediator of IRF3 activation (MITA), also known as stimulator of interferon genes (STING), plays a vital role in the innate immune responses to cytosolic dsDNA. The trafficking of MITA from the ER to perinuclear vesicles is necessary for its activation of the downstream molecules, which lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the exact mechanism of MITA activation remains elusive. Here, we report that transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 2 (TMED2) potentiates DNA virus-induced MITA signaling. The suppression or deletion of TMED2 markedly impairs the production of type I IFNs upon HSV-1 infection. TMED2-deficient cells harbor greater HSV-1 load than the control cells. Mechanistically, TMED2 associates with MITA only upon viral stimulation, and this process potentiates MITA activation by reinforcing its dimerization and facilitating its trafficking. These findings suggest an essential role of TMED2 in cellular IFN responses to DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li-Qun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Xi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao-Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Abstract
The antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses are critical for host defense against viral infection. How these antiviral responses are initiated and regulated has been intensively investigated. Viral nucleic acids are sensed by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which trigger various signaling pathways by utilizing distinct adaptor proteins, kinases and regulatory proteins. These pathways lead to activation of the transcriptional factors NF-κB and IRF3 and ultimate induction of antiviral effector proteins including type I interferons (IFNs), TNF and IL-1β, which are critical mediators of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. For the past 20 years, our groups at Peking University and Wuhan University have made restless efforts in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize the major discoveries from our groups, including the identifications of the critical adaptors VISA/MAVS and MITA/STING, regulatory mechanisms of these adapter-mediated signaling, and regulation of TNF- and IL1β-triggered inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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56
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Ko R, Park H, Lee N, Seo J, Jeong W, Lee SY. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Regulates Antiviral Responses of TLR3 via TRAF2-Src Axis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2990-2999. [PMID: 31619538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase Src regulates the synthesis of TLR3-mediated IFN-β via the TBK1-IFN regulatory factor 3 axis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Src activity in TLR3 signaling remain unclear. In this study, we report that GSK3β regulates Src phosphorylation via TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-mediated Src ubiquitination. GSK3β deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts significantly reduces polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced IFN-β and IFN-stimulated gene expression, which is caused by diminished phosphorylation of Src at tyrosine 416. Src undergoes polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-dependent lysine 63 chain ubiquitination, and TRAF2 is a direct E3 ligase for Src. Our study reveals novel mechanisms underlying TLR3-mediated antiviral responses mediated via the GSK3β-TRAF2-Src axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hana Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and
| | - Nawon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and
| | - Jeongin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; and.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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57
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Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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58
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TBK1 Mediates the Degradation of Multiple Picornavirus VP3 Proteins by Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01438-19. [PMID: 31534043 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01438-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is essential for interferon beta (IFN-β) production and innate antiviral immunity. However, other, additional functions of TBK1 have remained elusive. Here, we showed that TBK1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that undergoes self-ubiquitylation in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5c. Further evidence showed that TBK1 could also be self-ubiquitylated in vivo Importantly, multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins were degraded by TBK1 through its kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanistically, TBK1 phosphorylated multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins at serine residues and ubiquitinated them via K63-linked ubiquitination at lysine residues. In addition, the C426 and C605 residues of TBK1 were not essential for TBK1 innate immunity activity; however, these residues were required for degradation of multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins and for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Hence, our findings identified a novel role of TBK1 in regulating the virus life cycle and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TBK1-mediated antiviral response.IMPORTANCE TBK1 is an important adaptor protein required for innate immune response to viruses, but its other functions were unknown. In this study, we found that TBK1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that undergoes self-ubiquitylation in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5c. In addition, multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins were degraded by TBK1 through its kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Our report provides evidence that TBK1 plays a role in viral protein degradation.
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59
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Ljungberg JK, Kling JC, Tran TT, Blumenthal A. Functions of the WNT Signaling Network in Shaping Host Responses to Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2521. [PMID: 31781093 PMCID: PMC6857519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that aberrant WNT expression and signaling is associated with developmental defects, malignant transformation and carcinogenesis. More recently, WNT ligands have emerged as integral components of host responses to infection but their functions in the context of immune responses are incompletely understood. Roles in the modulation of inflammatory cytokine production, host cell intrinsic innate defense mechanisms, as well as the bridging of innate and adaptive immunity have been described. To what degree WNT responses are defined by the nature of the invading pathogen or are specific for subsets of host cells is currently not well-understood. Here we provide an overview of WNT responses during infection with phylogenetically diverse pathogens and highlight functions of WNT ligands in the host defense against infection. Detailed understanding of how the WNT network orchestrates immune cell functions will not only improve our understanding of the fundamental principles underlying complex immune response, but also help identify therapeutic opportunities or potential risks associated with the pharmacological targeting of the WNT network, as currently pursued for novel therapeutics in cancer and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Ljungberg
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica C Kling
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thao Thanh Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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60
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Xu K, Xie X, Qi G, Weng P, Hu Z, Han K, Yuan H, Li Y, Ran X, Lin G, Hu C. Grass carp STK38 regulates IFN I expression by decreasing the phosphorylation level of GSK3β. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103410. [PMID: 31175887 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a member of NDR protein kinase family and a novel protein kinase of Hippo signal pathway, Serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38) plays a very significant role in the innate immune. In mammals, STK38 performs its function by combining with GSK3β. Nowadays, there are few reports of STK38 in fish. In order to explain the function of fish STK38 in the innate immunity, we cloned the ORF of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) STK38 (CiSTK38) and the related kinase GSK3β (CiGSK3β). Phylogenetic trees revealed that CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β evolved closer kinship with sinocyclocheilus grahami STK38 and siniperca chuatsi GSK3β respectively. CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β can respond to the intradermal injection of poly (I:C) in grass carp different tissues and the transfection of poly I:C in CIK cells. Subcellular localization revealed the CiGSK3β were broadly distributed through the cytoplasm, whereas CiSTK38 were observed both in cytoplasm and nucleus. However, when they were co-transferred into cells, the two proteins were found to aggregate in the nucleus. GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CiSTK38 can physically interact with CiGSK3β. Phos-tag PAGE illustrated CiSTK38 can decrease the phosphorylation and auto-phosphorylation level of CiGSK3β at Ser9 and at Tyr216. To investigate the functional correlation between CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β, we overexpressed CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β in CIK cells and found that they can up-regulate the expression of IFN I. In short, we demonstrated that CiSTK38 can confer CiGSK3β kinase activity by reducing its phosphorylation level. Result from this study strongly suggested that the anti-viral immune effects elicited by poly (I:C) in part were mediated through activation of CiGSK3β. The findings provided scientific basis for the anti-viral immune mechanism of STK38 and GSK3β in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guoqin Qi
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Panwei Weng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhizhen Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kun Han
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yinping Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ran
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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61
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Guo W, Wei J, Zhong X, Zang R, Lian H, Hu MM, Li S, Shu HB, Yang Q. SNX8 modulates the innate immune response to RNA viruses by regulating the aggregation of VISA. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1126-1135. [PMID: 31511639 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA, also called mitochondrial antiviral signaling, MAVS) protein is a central adaptor in the innate immune response to cytosolic viral RNA. Viral infection causes the aggregation of VISA, which is important for its recruitment of downstream signaling components. How VISA aggregation is regulated remains unknown. Here, we found that sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) is a positive regulator of the RNA virus-triggered induction of downstream effector genes and innate immune response. The brains and lungs of Snx8-/- mice infected with RNA viruses exhibited lower serum cytokine levels and higher viral titers than those of wild-type mice, resulting in higher lethality. Mechanistically, viral infection induced the translocation of SNX8 from the cytosol to mitochondria and its increased association with VISA, leading to VISA aggregation, its recruitment of downstream signaling components and the induction of downstream antiviral genes. Our findings suggest that SNX8 is a critical component of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated innate immune response by modulating VISA aggregation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Lian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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62
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Li Z, Zhu H, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu H, Cao W, Hu Y, Lin Q, Tong C, Lu M, Sachinidis A, Li L, Peng L. GSK-3β inhibition protects the rat heart from the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation injury via suppressing FOXO3A activity. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7796-7809. [PMID: 31503410 PMCID: PMC6815822 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis‐induced cardiac dysfunction represents a main cause of death in intensive care units. Previous studies have indicated that GSK‐3β is involved in the modulation of sepsis. However, the signalling details of GSK‐3β regulation in endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced septic myocardial dysfunction are still unclear. Here, based on the rat septic myocardial injury model, we found that LPS could induce GSK‐3β phosphorylation at its active site (Y216) and up‐regulate FOXO3A level in primary cardiomyocytes. The FOXO3A expression was significantly reduced by GSK‐3β inhibitors and further reversed through β‐catenin knock‐down. This pharmacological inhibition of GSK‐3β attenuated the LPS‐induced cell injury via mediating β‐catenin signalling, which could be abolished by FOXO3A activation. In vivo, GSK‐3β suppression consistently improved cardiac function and relieved heart injury induced by LPS. In addition, the increase in inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced model was also blocked by inhibition of GSK‐3β, which curbed both ERK and NF‐κB pathways, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results demonstrate that GSK‐3β inhibition attenuates myocardial injury induced by endotoxin that mediates the activation of FOXO3A, which suggests a potential target for the therapy of septic cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenze Cao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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63
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Li D, Fu S, Wu Z, Yang W, Ru Y, Shu H, Liu X, Zheng H. DDX56 inhibits type I interferon by disrupting assembly of IRF3-IPO5 to inhibit IRF3 nucleus import. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:133/5/jcs230409. [PMID: 31340999 PMCID: PMC6899003 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor IRF3-mediated type I interferon induction plays a role in antiviral innate immunity. However, mechanisms for the control and regulation of IRF3 nuclear import remain largely unknown. We have identified DEAD box polypeptide 56 (DDX56) as a negative regulator of virus-triggered IFN-β induction. Overexpression of DDX56 suppressed nuclear translocation of IRF3 via disrupting the IRF3–IOP5 interaction, whereas knockdown or knockout of DDX56 had the opposite effect. In addition, the interaction between DDX56 and IRF3 increased during viral infection. We further found that the D166 site of DDX56 was essential for inhibiting IRF3 import into the nucleus. Our findings suggest that DDX56 regulates antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3, revealing a novel mechanism of the DDX56-mediated innate antiviral response. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: DDX56 is a negative regulator of virus-triggered IFN-β induction that acts by disruputing the IRF3–IOP5 interaction to inhibit the import of IRF3 into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Shaozu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Zhengqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Hongbing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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64
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Lin H, Li S, Shu HB. The Membrane-Associated MARCH E3 Ligase Family: Emerging Roles in Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1751. [PMID: 31404274 PMCID: PMC6669941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger (MARCH) proteins of E3 ubiquitin ligases have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. MARCH proteins target immune receptors, viral proteins as well as components in innate immune response for polyubiquitination and degradations via distinct routes. This review summarizes the current progress about MARCH proteins and their regulation on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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65
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Zhao C, Zhao W. TANK-binding kinase 1 as a novel therapeutic target for viral diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:437-446. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1601702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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66
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Wei J, Lian H, Guo W, Chen YD, Zhang XN, Zang R, Zhong L, Yang Q, Hu MM, Luo WW, Shu HB, Li S. SNX8 modulates innate immune response to DNA virus by mediating trafficking and activation of MITA. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007336. [PMID: 30321235 PMCID: PMC6188873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MITA (also called STING) is a central adaptor protein in innate immune response to cytosolic DNA. Cellular trafficking of MITA from the ER to perinuclear microsomes after DNA virus infection is critical for MITA activation and onset of innate antiviral response. Here we found that SNX8 is a component of DNA-triggered induction of downstream effector genes and innate immune response. Snx8-/- mice infected with the DNA virus HSV-1 exhibited lower serum cytokine levels and higher viral titers in the brains, resulting in higher lethality. Mechanistically, SNX8 recruited the class III phosphatylinositol 3-kinase VPS34 to MITA, which is required for trafficking of MITA from the ER to perinuclear microsomes. Our findings suggest that SNX8 is a critical component in innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and DNA virus. Infection by virus, such as the DNA virus herpes simplex virus 1, induces the host cells to express proteins that mediate antiviral immune response. The protein called MITA plays an essential role in the process of antiviral immune response. After viral infection, MITA traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to perinuclear punctuate structures, a process required for its activation and induction of downstream antiviral genes. How the trafficking of MITA is regulated remains enigmatic. In this study, we found that a protein called SNX8 plays a critical role in regulation of MITA trafficking from the ER to perinuclear punctuate structures. SNX8 does this by recruiting the VPS34-containing translocon machinery to MITA. Deficiency of SNX8 impaired antiviral immune response and rendered the mice more sensitive to DNA virus-induced death. Our results suggest that SNX8 is a critical component in antiviral immune response to DNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Lian
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Da Chen
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia-Nan Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Zang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HBS); (SL)
| | - Shu Li
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HBS); (SL)
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67
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Qi D, Hu L, Jiao T, Zhang T, Tong X, Ye X. Phosphatase Cdc25A Negatively Regulates the Antiviral Immune Response by Inhibiting TBK1 Activity. J Virol 2018; 92:e01118-18. [PMID: 30021902 PMCID: PMC6146813 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01118-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase Cdc25A plays an important role in cell cycle regulation by dephosphorylating its substrates, such as cyclin-dependent kinases. In this study, we demonstrate that Cdc25A negatively regulates RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling. We found that ectopic expression of Cdc25A in 293T cells inhibits the activation of beta interferon (IFN-β) induced by Sendai virus and poly(I·C), while knockdown of Cdc25A enhances the transcription of IFN-β stimulated by RNA virus infection. The inhibitory effect of Cdc25A on the antiviral immune response is mainly dependent on its phosphatase activity. Data from a luciferase assay indicated that Cdc25A can inhibit TBK1-mediated activation of IFN-β. Further analysis indicated that Cdc25A can interact with TBK1 and reduce the phosphorylation of TBK1 at S172, which in turn decreases the phosphorylation of its downstream substrate IRF3. Consistently, knockdown of Cdc25A upregulates the phosphorylation of both TBK1-S172 and IRF3 in Sendai virus-infected or TBK1-transfected 293T cells. In addition, we confirmed that Cdc25A can directly dephosphorylate TBK1-S172-p. These results demonstrate that Cdc25A inhibits the antiviral immune response by reducing the active form of TBK1. Using herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, an IFN-β reporter assay, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we demonstrated that Cdc25A can also inhibit DNA virus-induced activation of IFN-β. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection assay, we confirmed that Cdc25A can repress the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated antiviral immune response and influence the antiviral status of cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Cdc25A negatively regulates the antiviral immune response by inhibiting TBK1 activity.IMPORTANCE The RLR-mediated antiviral immune response is critical for host defense against RNA virus infection. However, the detailed mechanism for balancing the RLR signaling pathway in host cells is not well understood. We found that the phosphatase Cdc25A negatively regulates the RNA virus-induced innate immune response. Our studies indicate that Cdc25A inhibits the RLR signaling pathway via its phosphatase activity. We demonstrated that Cdc25A reduces TBK1 activity and consequently restrains the activation of IFN-β transcription as well as the antiviral status of nearby cells. We showed that Cdc25A can also inhibit DNA virus-induced activation of IFN-β. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel function and mechanism for Cdc25A in regulating antiviral immune signaling. These findings reveal Cdc25A as an important negative regulator of antiviral immunity and demonstrate its role in maintaining host cell homeostasis following viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tinghong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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68
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Lian H, Zang R, Wei J, Ye W, Hu MM, Chen YD, Zhang XN, Guo Y, Lei CQ, Yang Q, Luo WW, Li S, Shu HB. The Zinc-Finger Protein ZCCHC3 Binds RNA and Facilitates Viral RNA Sensing and Activation of the RIG-I-like Receptors. Immunity 2018; 49:438-448.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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69
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Jiang LQ, Xia T, Hu YH, Sun MS, Yan S, Lei CQ, Shu HB, Guo JH, Liu Y. IFITM3 inhibits virus-triggered induction of type I interferon by mediating autophagosome-dependent degradation of IRF3. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:858-867. [PMID: 28435159 PMCID: PMC6203713 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a restriction factor that can be induced by viral infection and interferons (IFNs). It inhibits the entry and replication of many viruses, which are independent of receptor usage but dependent on processes that occur in endosomes. In this study, we demonstrate that IFITM3 plays important roles in regulating the RNA-virus-triggered production of IFN-β in a negative-feedback manner. Overexpression of IFITM3 inhibited Sendai virus-triggered induction of IFN-β, whereas knockdown of IFITM3 had the opposite effect. We also showed that IFITM3 was constitutively associated with IRF3 and regulated the homeostasis of IRF3 by mediating the autophagic degradation of IRF3. These findings suggest a novel inhibitory function of IFITM3 on the RNA-virus-triggered production of type I IFNs and cellular antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Shun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao-Qi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hua Guo
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBME, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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70
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Zhang HX, Xu ZS, Lin H, Li M, Xia T, Cui K, Wang SY, Li Y, Shu HB, Wang YY. TRIM27 mediates STAT3 activation at retromer-positive structures to promote colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3441. [PMID: 30143645 PMCID: PMC6109048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a transcription factor that plays central roles in various physiological processes and its deregulation results in serious diseases including cancer. The mechanisms on how STAT3 activity is regulated remains enigmatic. Here we identify TRIM27 as a positive regulator of II-6-induced STAT3 activation and downstream gene expression. TRIM27 localizes to retromer-positive punctate structures and serves as a critical link for recruiting gp130, JAK1, and STAT3 to and subsequent phosphorylation of STAT3 at the retromer-positive structures. Overexpression of TRIM27 promotes cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice, whereas knockdown of TRIM27 has opposite effects. Deficiency of TRIM27 significantly impairs dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced STAT3 activation, inflammatory cytokine expression and colitis as well as azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer in mice. These findings reveal a retromer-dependent mechanism for regulation of STAT3 activation, inflammation, and inflammation-associated cancer development. Aberrant and persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3 has been found in various types of cancers. Here the authors identify TRIM27 as a positive regulator of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation through the formation of JAK1-STAT3 complex, thus impacting inflammation-induced colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 510623, Guangzhou, China.,Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Hen Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaisa Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China. .,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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71
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Abstract
Microbial nucleic acids are major signatures of invading pathogens, and their recognition by various host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents the first step toward an efficient innate immune response to clear the pathogens. The nucleic acid-sensing PRRs are localized at the plasma membrane, the cytosol, and/or various cellular organelles. Sensing of nucleic acids and signaling by PRRs involve recruitment of distinct signaling components, and PRRs are intensively regulated by cellular organelle trafficking. PRR-mediated innate immune responses are also heavily regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, polyubiquitination, sumoylation, and glutamylation. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of recognition of microbial nucleic acid by PRRs, particularly on their regulation by organelle trafficking and posttranslational modifications. We also discuss how sensing of self nucleic acids and dysregulation of PRR-mediated signaling lead to serious human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; ,
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; ,
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72
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Huang H, Xiong Q, Wang N, Chen R, Ren H, Siwko S, Han H, Liu M, Qian M, Du B. Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling restricts antiviral innate immune response through regulating calcineurin phosphatase activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9784. [PMID: 30101190 PMCID: PMC6082648 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), the key receptor for the neuropeptide hormone kisspeptin, plays essential roles in regulating puberty development and cancer metastasis. However, its role in the antiviral innate immune response is unknown. We report that virus-induced type I interferon (IFN-I) production was significantly enhanced in Gpr54-deficient cells and mice and resulted in restricted viral replication. We found a marked increase of kisspeptin in mouse serum during viral infection, which, in turn, impaired IFN-I production and antiviral immunity through the GPR54/calcineurin axis. Mechanistically, kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling recruited calcineurin and increased its phosphatase activity to dephosphorylate and deactivate TANK [tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family member-associated NF-κB activator]-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Thus, our data reveal a kisspeptin/GPR54/calcineurin-mediated immune evasion pathway exploited by virus through the negative feedback loop of TBK1 signaling. These findings also provide insights into the function and cross-talk of kisspeptin, a known neuropeptide hormone, in antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingqing Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Honghui Han
- Shanghai Bioray Laboratories Inc., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Corresponding author. (B.D.); (M.Q.)
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Corresponding author. (B.D.); (M.Q.)
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73
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Luo WW, Shu HB. Delicate regulation of the cGAS-MITA-mediated innate immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:666-675. [PMID: 29456253 PMCID: PMC6123429 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has long been demonstrated that cytosolic DNA is a potent immune stimulant, it is only in recent years that the molecular mechanisms of DNA-stimulated innate immune responses have emerged. Studies have established critical roles for the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and the adapter protein MITA/STING in the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses. Although the regulation of cGAS-MITA/STING-mediated signaling remains to be fully investigated, understanding the processes involved may help to explain the mechanisms of innate immune signaling events and perhaps autoinflammatory diseases and to provide potential therapeutic targets for drug intervention. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the regulation of the cGAS-MITA/STING-mediated innate immune response to DNA viruses at the organelle-trafficking, post-translational and transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Luo
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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74
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A Naturally Occurring Deletion in the Effector Domain of H5N1 Swine Influenza Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Regulates Viral Fitness and Host Innate Immunity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00149-18. [PMID: 29563291 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00149-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus regulates innate immune responses via various mechanisms. We previously showed that a naturally occurring deletion (the EALQR motif) in the NS1 effector domain of an H5N1 swine-origin avian influenza virus impairs the inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) in chicken fibroblasts and attenuates virulence in chickens. Here we found that the virus bearing this deletion in its NS1 effector domain showed diminished inhibition of IFN-related cytokine expression and attenuated virulence in mice. We further showed that deletion of the EALQR motif disrupted NS1 dimerization, impairing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequestration and competitive binding with RIG-I. In addition, the EALQR-deleted NS1 protein could not bind to TRIM25, unlike full-length NS1, and was less able to block TRIM25 oligomerization and self-ubiquitination, further impairing the inhibition of TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination compared to that with full-length NS1. Our data demonstrate that the EALQR deletion prevents NS1 from blocking RIG-I-mediated IFN induction via a novel mechanism to attenuate viral replication and virulence in mammalian cells and animals.IMPORTANCE H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have infected more than 800 individuals across 16 countries, with an overall case fatality rate of 53%. Among viral proteins, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus is considered a key determinant for type I interferon (IFN) antagonism, pathogenicity, and host range. However, precisely how NS1 modulates virus-host interaction, facilitating virus survival, is not fully understood. Here we report that a naturally occurring deletion (of the EALQR motif) in the NS1 effector domain of an H5N1 swine-origin avian influenza virus disrupted NS1 dimerization, which diminished the blockade of IFN induction via the RIG-I signaling pathway, thereby impairing virus replication and virulence in the host. Our study demonstrates that the EALQR motif of NS1 regulates virus fitness to attain a virus-host compromise state in animals and identifies this critical motif as a potential target for the future development of small molecular drugs and attenuated vaccines.
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Cai J, Chen HY, Peng SJ, Meng JL, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Qian XP, Sun XY, Pang XW, Zhang Y, Zhang J. USP7-TRIM27 axis negatively modulates antiviral type I IFN signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:5238-5249. [PMID: 29688809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are important post-translational regulatory mechanisms responsible for fine tuning the antiviral signaling. In this study, we identified a deubiquitinase, the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7/herpes virus associated ubiquitin-specific protease (USP7/HAUSP) as an important negative modulator of virus-induced signaling. Overexpression of USP7 suppressed Sendai virus and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic)-induced ISRE and IFN-β activation, and enhanced virus replication. Knockdown or knockout of endogenous USP7 expression had the opposite effect. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that USP7 physically interacted with tripartite motif (TRIM)27. This interaction was enhanced after SeV infection. In addition, TNF receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-kappa-B-binding kinase (TBK)-1 was pulled down in the TRIM27-USP7 complex. Overexpression of USP7 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of TBK1 through promoting the stability of TRIM27. Knockout of endogenous USP7 led to enhanced TRIM27 degradation and reduced TBK1 ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in enhanced type I IFN signaling. Our findings suggest that USP7 acts as a negative regulator in antiviral signaling by stabilizing TRIM27 and promoting the degradation of TBK1.-Cai, J., Chen, H.-Y., Peng, S.-J., Meng, J.-L., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, X.-P., Sun, X.-Y., Pang, X.-W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J. USP7-TRIM27 axis negatively modulates antiviral type I IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Jie Peng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ling Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Yuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Lu B, Ren Y, Sun X, Han C, Wang H, Chen Y, Peng Q, Cheng Y, Cheng X, Zhu Q, Li W, Li HL, Du HN, Zhong B, Huang Z. Induction of INKIT by Viral Infection Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses through Inhibiting Phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:86-98.e4. [PMID: 28704656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors p65 and IRF3 play key roles in the induction of cellular antiviral responses. Phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3 is required for their activity and constitutes a key checkpoint. Here we report that viral infection induced upregulation of INKIT, an inhibitor for NF-κB and IRF3 that restricted innate antiviral responses by blocking phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. INKIT overexpression inhibited virus-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3 and expression of downstream genes. In contrast, knockdown or knockout of INKIT had the opposite effect: Inkit-/- mice produced elevated levels of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and were more resistant to lethal viral infection compared to wild-type. INKIT interacted with IKKα/β and TBK1/IKKɛ, impairing the recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Viral infection induced IKK-mediated phosphorylation of INKIT at Ser58, resulting in its dissociation from the IKKs. Our findings thus uncover INKIT as a regulator of innate antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yujie Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueqin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cuijuan Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | | | | | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Institute of Model Animals, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Ning Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Xue Q, Liu H, Zhu Z, Yang F, Ma L, Cai X, Xue Q, Zheng H. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro abrogates the IRF3- and IRF7-mediated innate immune response by degrading IRF3 and IRF7. Virology 2018; 518:1-7. [PMID: 29427864 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) is a newly emerged virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Basic knowledge of the immunological response to SVV is limited. To date, one study has demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro mediates the cleavage of host MAVS, TRIF, and TANK at specific sites and consequently escapes the host's antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we show that SVV 3Cpro reduces IRF3 and IRF7 protein expression level and phosphorylation. SVV infection also reduces expression of IRF3 and IRF7 protein. The degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 is dependent on the 3Cpro protease activity. We also identify interactions between 3Cpro and IRF3 and IRF7 in PK-15 cells. A detailed analysis revealed that the degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 blocks the transcription of IFN-β, IFN-α1, IFN-α4, and ISG54. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism developed by SVV 3Cpro to allow the virus to escape the host's intrinsic innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Linna Ma
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Hu YW, Zhang J, Wu XM, Cao L, Nie P, Chang MX. TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) Isoforms Negatively Regulate Type I Interferon Induction by Inhibiting TBK1-IRF3 Interaction and IRF3 Phosphorylation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:84. [PMID: 29441066 PMCID: PMC5797597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an important serine/threonine-protein kinase that mediates phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, which contributes to induction of type I interferons (IFNs) in the innate antiviral response. In mammals, TBK1 spliced isoform negatively regulates the virus-triggered IFN-β signaling pathway by disrupting the interaction between retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and mitochondria antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS). However, it is still unclear whether alternative splicing patterns and the function of TBK1 isoform(s) exist in teleost fish. In this study, we identify two alternatively spliced isoforms of TBK1 from zebrafish, termed TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2. Both TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2 contain an incomplete STKc_TBK1 domain. Moreover, the UBL_TBK1_like domain is also missing for TBK1_tv2. TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2 are expressed in zebrafish larvae. Overexpression of TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2 inhibits RIG-I-, MAVS-, TBK1-, and IRF3-mediated activation of IFN promoters in response to spring viremia of carp virus infection. Also, TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2 inhibit expression of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes induced by MAVS and TBK1. Mechanistically, TBK1_tv1 and TBK1_tv2 competitively associate with TBK1 and IRF3 to disrupt the formation of a functional TBK1-IRF3 complex, impeding the phosphorylation of IRF3 mediated by TBK1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TBK1 spliced isoforms are dominant negative regulators in the RIG-I/MAVS/TBK1/IRF3 antiviral pathway by targeting the functional TBK1-IRF3 complex formation. Identification and functional characterization of piscine TBK1 spliced isoforms may contribute to understanding the role of TBK1 expression in innate antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Yan W, Chen Y, Ke M, Cheng C, Zhu X, Xue W, Zhou Q, Zheng L, Wang S, Wu B, Liu X, Ma L, Huang L, Huang K. ANGPTL8 negatively regulates NF-κB activation by facilitating selective autophagic degradation of IKKγ. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2164. [PMID: 29255244 PMCID: PMC5735157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation mediated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a critical role in inflammation. Here we demonstrate that angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) functions as a negative feedback regulator in TNFα-triggered NF-κB activation intracellularly. Inflammatory stimuli induce ANGPTL8 expression, and knockdown or knockout of ANGPTL8 potentiates TNFα-induced NF-κB activation in vitro. Mechanistically, upon TNFα stimulation, ANGPTL8 facilitates the interaction of IKKγ with p62 via forming a complex, thus promoting the selective autophagic degradation of IKKγ. Furthermore, the N-terminal domain mediated self-oligomerization of ANGPTL8 is essential for IKKγ degradation and NF-κB activation. In vivo, circulating ANGPTL8 level is high in patients diagnosed with infectious diseases, and the ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ axis is responsive to inflammatory stimuli in the liver of LPS-injected mice. Altogether, our study suggests the ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ axis as a negative feedback loop that regulates NF-κB activation, and extends the role of selective autophagy in fine-tuned inflammatory responses. NF-κB activation mediated by TNFα has a critical role in inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms await further investigation. Here the authors show that selective autophagy regulates NF-κB activation via an ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengxiang Ke
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhou
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lianqi Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075, China.
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80
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Maluquer de Motes C, Smith GL. Vaccinia virus protein A49 activates Wnt signalling by targetting the E3 ligase β-TrCP. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:3086-3092. [PMID: 29058646 PMCID: PMC5845699 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes multiple proteins inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway. One of these, A49, targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP, which is responsible for the ubiquitylation and consequential proteosomal degradation of IκBα and the release of the NF-κB heterodimer. β-TrCP is a pleiotropic enzyme ubiquitylating multiple cellular substrates, including the transcriptional activator β-catenin. Here we demonstrate that A49 can activate the Wnt signalling pathway, a critical pathway that is involved in cell cycle and cell differentiation, and is controlled by β-catenin. The data presented show that the expression of A49 ectopically or during VACV infection causes accumulation of β-catenin, and that A49 triggering of Wnt signalling is dependent on binding β-TrCP. This is consistent with A49 blocking the ability of β-TrCP to recognise β-catenin and IκBα, and possibly other cellular targets. Thus, A49 targetting of β-TrCP affects multiple cellular pathways, including the NF-κB and Wnt signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Maluquer de Motes
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK.,Present address: Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) functions as a potent antiviral immunity in plants and invertebrates; however, whether RNAi plays antiviral roles in mammals remains unclear. Here, using human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) as a model, we showed HEV71 3A protein as an authentic viral suppressor of RNAi during viral infection. When the 3A-mediated RNAi suppression was impaired, the mutant HEV71 readily triggered the production of abundant HEV71-derived small RNAs with canonical siRNA properties in cells and mice. These virus-derived siRNAs were produced from viral dsRNA replicative intermediates in a Dicer-dependent manner and loaded into AGO, and they were fully active in degrading cognate viral RNAs. Recombinant HEV71 deficient in 3A-mediated RNAi suppression was significantly restricted in human somatic cells and mice, whereas Dicer deficiency rescued HEV71 infection independently of type I interferon response. Thus, RNAi can function as an antiviral immunity, which is induced and suppressed by a human virus, in mammals.
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Yang Q, Liu TT, Lin H, Zhang M, Wei J, Luo WW, Hu YH, Zhong B, Hu MM, Shu HB. TRIM32-TAX1BP1-dependent selective autophagic degradation of TRIF negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006600. [PMID: 28898289 PMCID: PMC5595311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling are critical for host defense against pathogen invasion. However, excessive responses would cause harmful damages to the host. Here we show that deficiency of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 increases poly(I:C)- and LPS-induced transcription of downstream genes such as type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines in both primary mouse immune cells and in mice. Trim32-/- mice produced higher levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and were more sensitive to loss of body weight and inflammatory death upon Salmonella typhimurium infection. TRIM32 interacts with and mediates the degradation of TRIF, a critical adaptor protein for TLR3/4, in an E3 activity-independent manner. TRIM32-mediated as well as poly(I:C)- and LPS-induced degradation of TRIF is inhibited by deficiency of TAX1BP1, a receptor for selective autophagy. Furthermore, TRIM32 links TRIF and TAX1BP1 through distinct domains. These findings suggest that TRIM32 negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated immune responses by targeting TRIF to TAX1BP1-mediated selective autophagic degradation. TLR3/4-mediated signaling needs to be effectively terminated to avoid excessive immune responses and harmful damages to the host. In this study, we provide genetic evidence to show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated innate immune and inflammatory responses. Trim32-/- mice are more sensitive to the inflammatory death upon Salmonella typhimurium infection. We found that TRIM32-TAX1BP1-dependent selective autophagic degradation of the adaptor protein TRIF effectively turned off TLR3/4-mediated innate immune and inflammatory responses. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for terminating innate immune and inflammatory responses mediated by TLR3/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Hong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MMH); (HBS)
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MMH); (HBS)
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Zhou Y, He C, Wang L, Ge B. Post-translational regulation of antiviral innate signaling. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1414-1426. [PMID: 28744851 PMCID: PMC7163624 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system initiates immune responses by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRR). Virus‐derived nucleic acids are sensed by the retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptor (RLR) family and the toll‐like receptor (TLR) family as well as the DNA sensor cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). These receptors activate IRF3/7 and NF‐κB signaling pathways to induce the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines firing antiviral responses within the cell. However, to achieve a favorable outcome for the host, a balanced production of IFNs and activation of antiviral responses is required. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as the covalent linkage of functional groups to amino acid chains, are crucial for this immune homeostasis in antiviral responses. Canonical PTMs including phosphorylation and ubiquitination have been extensively studied and other PTMs such as methylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, ADP‐ribosylation and glutamylation are being increasingly implicated in antiviral innate immunity. Here we summarize our recent understanding of the most important PTMs regulating the antiviral innate immune response, and their role in virus‐related immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Reciprocal regulation of TLR2-mediated IFN-β production by SHP2 and Gsk3β. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6807. [PMID: 28754897 PMCID: PMC5533723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the innate immune response to bacterial lipopeptides and peptidoglycans by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms by which TLR2 signaling regulates type I interferon (IFN)-β production are poorly understood. Here, we identified Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) as a negative regulator of TLR2-induced IFN-β production. Pharmacological inhibition or reduced expression of SHP2 potentiated TLR2 agonist-mediated IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation, whereas overexpression of SHP2 impaired IFN-β transcription and STAT1 activation. SHP2 physically associated with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β) in an agonist-dependent manner. Gsk3β positively regulates transcription of IFN-β following TLR2 stimulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SHP2. SHP2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of IRF-1 and IRF-8 at the IFN-β promoter. Remarkably, IRF-1 and IRF-8 are recruited to the IFN-β promoter in a SHP2 phosphatase activity-dependent manner. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which SHP2 and Gsk3β work together to modulate TLR2-mediated IFN-β production in macrophages.
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85
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Peng Q, Lan X, Wang C, Ren Y, Yue N, Wang J, Zhong B, Zhu Q. Kobuvirus VP3 protein restricts the IFN-β-triggered signaling pathway by inhibiting STAT2-IRF9 and STAT2-STAT2 complex formation. Virology 2017; 507:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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86
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He X, Ma S, Tian Y, Wei C, Zhu Y, Li F, Zhang P, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhong H. ERRα negatively regulates type I interferon induction by inhibiting TBK1-IRF3 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006347. [PMID: 28591144 PMCID: PMC5476288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily controlling energy homeostasis; however, its precise role in regulating antiviral innate immunity remains to be clarified. Here, we showed that ERRα deficiency conferred resistance to viral infection both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ERRα inhibited the production of type-I interferon (IFN-I) and the expression of multiple interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we found that viral infection induced TBK1-dependent ERRα stabilization, which in turn associated with TBK1 and IRF3 to impede the formation of TBK1-IRF3, IRF3 phosphorylation, IRF3 dimerization, and the DNA binding affinity of IRF3. The effect of ERRα on IFN-I production was independent of its transcriptional activity and PCG-1α. Notably, ERRα chemical inhibitor XCT790 has broad antiviral potency. This work not only identifies ERRα as a critical negative regulator of antiviral signaling, but also provides a potential target for future antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Healthy Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Congwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Healthy Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Healthy Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Penghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
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87
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Hu MM, Liao CY, Yang Q, Xie XQ, Shu HB. Innate immunity to RNA virus is regulated by temporal and reversible sumoylation of RIG-I and MDA5. J Exp Med 2017; 214:973-989. [PMID: 28250012 PMCID: PMC5379974 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of viral RNA by the cytosolic receptors RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) leads to innate antiviral response. How RIG-I and MDA5 are dynamically regulated in innate antiviral response is not well understood. Here, we show that TRIM38 positively regulates MDA5- and RIG-I-mediated induction of downstream genes and acts as a SUMO E3 ligase for their dynamic sumoylation at K43/K865 and K96/K888, respectively, before and after viral infection. The sumoylation of MDA5 and RIG-I suppresses their K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation in uninfected or early-infected cells. Sumoylation of the caspase recruitment domains of MDA5 and RIG-I is also required for their dephosphorylation by PP1 and activation upon viral infection. At the late phase of viral infection, both MDA5 and RIG-I are desumoylated by SENP2, resulting in their K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation. These findings suggest that dynamic sumoylation and desumoylation of MDA5 and RIG-I modulate efficient innate immunity to RNA virus and its timely termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen-Yang Liao
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xue-Qin Xie
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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88
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A MicroRNA Screen Identifies the Wnt Signaling Pathway as a Regulator of the Interferon Response during Flavivirus Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02388-16. [PMID: 28148804 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02388-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of mosquito-borne flavivirus infections worldwide is significant, and many critical aspects of these viruses' biology, including virus-host interactions, host cell requirements for replication, and how virus-host interactions impact pathology, remain to be fully understood. The recent reemergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), highlight the importance of performing basic research on this important group of pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and have been demonstrated to regulate a broad range of cellular processes. Our research is focused on identifying pro- and antiflaviviral miRNAs as a means of characterizing cellular pathways that support or limit viral replication. We have screened a library of known human miRNA mimics for their effect on the replication of three flaviviruses, DENV, WNV, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using a high-content immunofluorescence screen. Several families of miRNAs were identified as inhibiting multiple flaviviruses, including the miRNA miR-34, miR-15, and miR-517 families. Members of the miR-34 family, which have been extensively characterized for their ability to repress Wnt/β-catenin signaling, demonstrated strong antiflaviviral effects, and this inhibitory activity extended to other viruses, including ZIKV, alphaviruses, and herpesviruses. Previous research suggested a possible link between the Wnt and type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. Therefore, we investigated the role of type I IFN induction in the antiviral effects of the miR-34 family and confirmed that these miRNAs potentiate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus, the induction of IFN-responsive genes, and the release of type I IFN from transfected cells. We further demonstrate that the intersection between the Wnt and IFN signaling pathways occurs at the point of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) binding, inducing TBK1 to phosphorylate IRF3 and initiate downstream IFN signaling. In this way, we have identified a novel cellular signaling network with a critical role in regulating the replication of multiple virus families. These findings highlight the opportunities for using miRNAs as tools to discover and characterize unique cellular factors involved in supporting or limiting virus replication, opening up new avenues for antiviral research.IMPORTANCE MicroRNAs are a class of small regulatory RNAs that modulate cellular processes through the posttranscriptional repression of multiple transcripts. We hypothesized that individual miRNAs may be capable of inhibiting viral replication through their effects on host proteins or pathways. To test this, we performed a high-content screen for miRNAs that inhibit the replication of three medically relevant members of the flavivirus family: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus 2. The results of this screen identify multiple miRNAs that inhibit one or more of these viruses. Extensive follow-up on members of the miR-34 family of miRNAs, which are active against all three viruses as well as the closely related Zika virus, demonstrated that miR-34 functions through increasing the infected cell's ability to respond to infection through the interferon-based innate immune pathway. Our results not only add to the knowledge of how viruses interact with cellular pathways but also provide a basis for more extensive data mining by providing a comprehensive list of miRNAs capable of inhibiting flavivirus replication. Finally, the miRNAs themselves or cellular pathways identified as modulating virus infection may prove to be novel candidates for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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89
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Hu MM, Shu HB. Multifaceted roles of TRIM38 in innate immune and inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:331-338. [PMID: 28194022 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins represent the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase family. The multifaceted roles of TRIM38 in innate immunity and inflammation have been intensively investigated in recent years. TRIM38 is essential for cytosolic RNA or DNA sensor-mediated innate immune responses to both RNA and DNA viruses, while negatively regulating TLR3/4- and TNF/IL-1β-triggered inflammatory responses. In these processes, TRIM38 acts as an E3 ubiquitin or SUMO ligase, which targets key cellular signaling components, or as an enzymatic activity-independent regulator. This review summarizes recent advances that highlight the critical roles of TRIM38 in the regulation of proper innate immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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90
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Ju LG, Zhu Y, Lei PJ, Yan D, Zhu K, Wang X, Li QL, Li XJ, Chen JW, Li LY, Wu M. TTLL12 Inhibits the Activation of Cellular Antiviral Signaling through Interaction with VISA/MAVS. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:1274-1284. [PMID: 28011935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Upon virus infection, host cells use retinoic-acid-inducible geneI I (RIG-I)-like receptors to recognize viral RNA and activate type I IFN expression. To investigate the role of protein methylation in the antiviral signaling pathway, we screened all the SET domain-containing proteins and identified TTLL12 as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling. TTLL12 contains SET and TTL domains, which are predicted to have lysine methyltransferase and tubulin tyrosine ligase activities, respectively. Exogenous expression of TTLL12 represses IFN-β expression induced by Sendai virus. TTLL12 deficiency by RNA interference and CRISPR-gRNA techniques increases the induced IFN-β expression and inhibits virus replication in the cell. The global gene expression profiling indicated that TTLL12 specifically inhibits the expression of the downstream genes of innate immunity pathways. Cell fractionation and fluorescent staining indicated that TTLL12 is localized in the cytosol. The mutagenesis study suggested that TTLL12's ability to repress the RIG-I pathway is probably not dependent on protein modifications. Instead, TTLL12 directly interacts with virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA), TBK1, and IKKε, and inhibits the interactions of VISA with other signaling molecules. Taken together, our findings demonstrate TTLL12 as a negative regulator of RNA-virus-induced type I IFN expression by inhibiting the interaction of VISA with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Gao Ju
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xue-Jing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jian-Wen Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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91
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Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB. Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:231-243. [PMID: 28132838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA by the cytosolic sensor cGAS initiates STING-dependent innate antiviral responses. HCMV can antagonize host immune responses to promote latency infection. However, it is unknown whether and how HCMV targets the cGAS-STING axis for immune evasion. Here we identified the HCMV tegument protein UL82 as a negative regulator of STING-dependent antiviral responses. UL82 interacted with STING and impaired STING-mediated signaling via two mechanisms. UL82 inhibited the translocation of STING from the ER to perinuclear microsomes by disrupting the STING-iRhom2-TRAPβ translocation complex. UL82 also impaired the recruitment of TBK1 and IRF3 to the STING complex. The levels of downstream antiviral genes induced by UL82-deficient HCMV were higher than those induced by wild-type HCMV. Conversely, wild-type HCMV replicated more efficiently than the UL82-deficient mutant. These findings reveal an important mechanism of immune evasion by HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Shan Su
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Yi-Qun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Zhe-Fu Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Shu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China 430071
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072; Medical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430071.
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92
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the innate immune response against pathogens. Each TLR recognizes specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, after which they activate the adaptor protein MyD88 or TRIF-assembled signaling complex to produce immune mediators, including inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. Although the activation of TLR is important for host defense, its uncontrolled activation can damage the host. During the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that GSK3β is a key regulator of inflammatory cytokine production in MyD88-mediated TLR signaling via TLR2 and TLR4. Recently, GSK3β has also been implicated in the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway via TLR3. In this review, we describe current advances on the regulatory role of GSK3β in immune responses associated with various TLRs. A better understanding of the role of GSK3β in TLR signaling might lead to more effective anti-inflammatory interventions. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(6): 305-310]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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93
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Li X, Yang M, Yu Z, Tang S, Wang L, Cao X, Chen T. The tyrosine kinase Src promotes phosphorylation of the kinase TBK1 to facilitate type I interferon production after viral infection. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/460/eaae0435. [PMID: 28049762 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aae0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are activated in response to viral infection to stimulate the production of type I interferons (IFNs). However, central to the responses of all of these receptors is their activation of the kinase TBK1, which stimulates transcription by IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). We investigated the mechanism by which the kinase activity of TBK1 is stimulated in response to viral infection. We found that the tyrosine kinase Src promoted the phosphorylation of TBK1 on Tyr179 upon viral infection of RAW264.7 macrophages. Mutation of Tyr179 to alanine resulted in impaired autophosphorylation of TBK1 at Ser172, which is required for TBK1 activation. The TBK1 Y179A mutant failed to rescue type I IFN production by virally infected RAW264.7 macrophages deficient in TBK1. Pharmacological inhibition of Src with AZD0530 and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of Src demonstrated that Src was critical for activating the TBK1-IRF3 pathway and stimulating type I IFN production. However, Src did not directly bind to recombinant TBK1 in vitro but instead bound to the proline-X-X-proline motifs within key PRR adaptor proteins, such as TRIF, MAVS, and STING, which formed complexes with TBK1 after PRR engagement. Together, our data suggest that Src is the major tyrosine kinase that primes TBK1 for autophosphorylation and activation, thus providing mechanistic insights into the regulation of TBK1 activity by various PRRs as part of the innate antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Songqing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Taoyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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94
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Hao D, Yan D. Posttranslational Modification Control of Inflammatory Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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95
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Zhu Z, Wang G, Yang F, Cao W, Mao R, Du X, Zhang X, Li C, Li D, Zhang K, Shu H, Liu X, Zheng H. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Viroporin 2B Antagonizes RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Effects by Inhibition of Its Protein Expression. J Virol 2016; 90:11106-11121. [PMID: 27707918 PMCID: PMC5126369 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01310-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we showed that RIG-I inhibits FMDV replication in host cells. FMDV infection increased the transcription of RIG-I, while it decreased RIG-I protein expression. A detailed analysis revealed that FMDV leader proteinase (Lpro), as well as 3C proteinase (3Cpro) and 2B protein, decreased RIG-I protein expression. Lpro and 3Cpro are viral proteinases that can cleave various host proteins and are responsible for several of the viral polyprotein cleavages. However, for the first time, we observed 2B-induced reduction of host protein. Further studies showed that 2B-mediated reduction of RIG-I is specific to FMDV, but not other picornaviruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus, enterovirus 71, and coxsackievirus A16. Moreover, we found the decreased protein level of RIG-I is independent of the cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, the induction of cellular apoptosis, or the association of proteasome, lysosome, and caspase pathways. A direct interaction was observed between RIG-I and 2B. The carboxyl-terminal amino acids 105 to 114 and amino acids 135 to 144 of 2B were essential for the reduction of RIG-I, while residues 105 to 114 were required for the interaction. These data suggest the antiviral role of RIG-I against FMDV and a novel antagonistic mechanism of FMDV that is mediated by 2B protein. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrated that RIG-I could suppress FMDV replication during virus infection. FMDV infection increased the transcriptional expression of RIG-I, while it decreased RIG-I protein expression. FMDV 2B protein interacted with RIG-I and induced reduction of RIG-I. 2B-induced reduction of RIG-I was independent of the induction of the cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma or cellular apoptosis. In addition, proteasome, lysosome, and caspase pathways were not involved in this process. This study provides new insight into the immune evasion mediated by FMDV and identifies 2B as an antagonistic factor for FMDV to evade the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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96
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Wang J, Lei CQ, Ji Y, Zhou H, Ren Y, Peng Q, Zeng Y, Jia Y, Ge J, Zhong B, Li Y, Wei J, Shu HB, Zhu Q. Duck Tembusu Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antagonizes IFN-β Signaling Pathways by Targeting VISA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4704-4713. [PMID: 27821666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emergent infectious pathogen that has caused severe disease in ducks and huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2009. Previously, we showed that DTMUV inhibits IFN-β induction early in infection; however, the mechanisms of the inhibition of innate immune responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened DTMUV-encoded structural and nonstructural proteins using reporter assays and found that DTMUV NS1 markedly suppressed virus-triggered IFN-β expression by inhibiting retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor signaling. Moreover, we found that DTMUV NS1 specifically interacted with the C-terminal domain of virus-induced signaling adaptor and impaired the association of retinoic acid-inducible gene I or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 and virus-induced signaling adaptor, thereby downregulating the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor-mediated signal transduction and cellular antiviral responses, leading to evasion of the innate immune response. Together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism manipulated by DTMUV to circumvent the host antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao-Qi Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yane Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Bo Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China;
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97
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Gu M, Liu Z, Lai R, Liu S, Lin W, Ouyang C, Ye S, Huang H, Wang X. RKIP and TBK1 form a positive feedback loop to promote type I interferon production in innate immunity. EMBO J 2016; 35:2553-2565. [PMID: 27753621 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activation is a central event in type I interferon production in anti-virus innate immunity. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying TBK1 activation remains unclear. Here we report that Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is essential for TBK1 activation and type I interferon production triggered by viral infection. Upon viral infection, RKIP is phosphorylated at serine 109 (S109) by TBK1. Phosphorylation of RKIP enhances its interaction with TBK1 and in turn promotes TBK1 autophosphorylation. Mutation of RKIP S109 to alanine abrogates the interaction between RKIP and TBK1, and the anti-viral function of RKIP RKIP deficiency inhibits intracellular double-stranded RNA- or DNA-induced type I interferon production. Consistently, RKIP deficiency renders the mice more susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. This study reveals a previously unrecognized positive feedback loop between RKIP and TBK1 that is essential for type I interferon production in anti-viral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi Gu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Lai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lin
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Ouyang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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98
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USP38 Inhibits Type I Interferon Signaling by Editing TBK1 Ubiquitination through NLRP4 Signalosome. Mol Cell 2016; 64:267-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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99
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Hu MM, Yang Q, Xie XQ, Liao CY, Lin H, Liu TT, Yin L, Shu HB. Sumoylation Promotes the Stability of the DNA Sensor cGAS and the Adaptor STING to Regulate the Kinetics of Response to DNA Virus. Immunity 2016; 45:555-569. [PMID: 27637147 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During viral infection, sensing of cytosolic DNA by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activates the adaptor protein STING and triggers an antiviral response. Little is known about the mechanisms that determine the kinetics of activation and deactivation of the cGAS-STING pathway, ensuring effective but controlled innate antiviral responses. Here we found that the ubiquitin ligase Trim38 targets cGas for sumoylation in uninfected cells and during the early phase of viral infection. Sumoylation of cGas prevented its polyubiquitination and degradation. Trim38 also sumoylated Sting during the early phase of viral infection, promoting both Sting activation and protein stability. In the late phase of infection, cGas and Sting were desumoylated by Senp2 and subsequently degraded via proteasomal and chaperone-mediated autophagy pathways, respectively. Our findings reveal an essential role for Trim38 in the innate immune response to DNA virus and provide insight into the mechanisms that ensure optimal activation and deactivation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Xue-Qin Xie
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Chen-Yang Liao
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Heng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Lei Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072; Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072.
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100
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Zhang L, Chen WQ, Hu YW, Wu XM, Nie P, Chang MX. TBK1-like transcript negatively regulates the production of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes through RLRs-MAVS-TBK1 pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:135-143. [PMID: 27060200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an essential serine/threonine-protein kinase required for Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) -mediated induction of type I IFN and host antiviral defense. In the present study, TBK1-like transcript, namely TBK1L, was cloned from zebrafish. Compared with TBK1, TBK1L contains an incomplete S_TKc domain, and lacks UBL_TBK1_like domain. Realtime PCR showed that TBK1L was constitutively produced in embryos, early larvae and ZF4 cells, and unchanged in ZF4 cells following SVCV infection. Overexpression of TBK1 but not TBK1L resulted in significant activation of zebrafish IFN1 and IFN3 promoters. Similarly, TBK1L had little impact on the antiviral state of the cells. However, the overexpression of TBK1L negatively regulated the induction of zebrafish IFN1 and/or IFN3 promoters mediated by the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), MAVS and TBK1. In addition, the overexpression of TBK1L in zebrafish embryos led to the decreased production of many IFN-stimulated genes induced by TBK1. Collectively, these data support that zebrafish TBK1L negatively regulates RLRs-MAVS-TBK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Wen Qin Chen
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - P Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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