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Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Jaszek M, Starosielec M, Sulej J, Matuszewska A, Janczarek M, Bancerz R, Wydrych J, Wiater A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Bacterial exopolysaccharides as a modern biotechnological tool for modification of fungal laccase properties and metal ion binding. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:973-989. [PMID: 29582151 PMCID: PMC6013525 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four bacterial EPSs extracted from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Rt24.2, Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021, Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, and Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA76 were determined towards their metal ion adsorption properties and possible modification of Cerrena unicolor laccase properties. The highest magnesium and iron ion-sorption capacity (~ 42 and ~ 14.5%, respectively) was observed for EPS isolated from B. japonicum USDA110. An evident influence of EPSs on the stability of laccase compared to the control values (without EPSs) was shown after 30-day incubation at 25 °C. The residual activity of laccases was obtained in the presence of Rh76EPS and Rh1021EPS, i.e., 49.5 and 41.5% of the initial catalytic activity, respectively. This result was confirmed by native PAGE electrophoresis. The EPS effect on laccase stability at different pH (from 3.8 to 7.0) was also estimated. The most significant changes at the optimum pH value (pH 5.8) was observed in samples of laccase stabilized by Rh76EPS and Rh1021EPS. Cyclic voltamperometry was used for analysis of electrochemical parameters of laccase stabilized by bacterial EPS and immobilized on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with aryl residues. Laccases with Rh76EPS and Rh1021EPS had an evident shift of the value of the redox potential compared to the control without EPS addition. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work present a new potential use of bacterial EPSs as a metal-binding component and a modulator of laccase properties especially stability of enzyme activity, which can be a very effective tool in biotechnology and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Starosielec
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Sulej
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Matuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Janczarek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Bancerz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Abinaya M, Vaseeharan B, Divya M, Vijayakumar S, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Al-Anbr MN, Benelli G. Structural characterization of Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 exopolysaccharide-antimicrobial potential and larvicidal activity on malaria and Zika virus mosquito vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18604-18619. [PMID: 29704178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides produced by marine species play a key role in food and cosmetic industry, as they are nontoxic and biodegradable polymers. This investigation reports the isolation of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 and its biomedical applications. Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 exopolysaccharide (Bl-EPS) was extracted using the ethanol precipitation method and structurally characterized. FTIR and 1H-NMR pointed out the presence of various functional groups and primary aromatic compounds, respectively. Bl-EPS exhibited strong antioxidant potential confirmed via DPPH radical, reducing power and superoxide anion scavenging assays. Microscopic analysis revealed that the antibiofilm activity of Bl-EPS (75 μg/ml) was higher against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria over Gram-positive species (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus). Bl-EPS led to biofilm inhibition against Candida albicans when tested at 75 μg/ml. The hemolytic assay showed low cytotoxicity of Bl-EPS at 5 mg/ml. Besides, Bl-EPS achieved LC50 values < 80 μg/ml against larvae of mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Overall, our findings pointed out the multipurpose bioactivity of Bl-EPS, which deserves further consideration for pharmaceutical, environmental and entomological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Abinaya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India.
| | - Mani Divya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, 612 001, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Anbr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
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Drouillard S, Jeacomine I, Buon L, Boisset C, Courtois A, Thollas B, Morvan PY, Vallée R, Helbert W. Structure of the Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Marine Strain Vibrio alginolyticus. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050164. [PMID: 29762521 PMCID: PMC5983295 DOI: 10.3390/md16050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4151) secretes an exopolysaccharide whose carbohydrate backbone is decorated with amino acids, likely conferring its properties that are appreciated in cosmetics. Here, the secreted polysaccharide of another strain of V. alginolyticus (CNCM I-5034) was characterized by chromatography and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. The structure was resolved and shows that the carbohydrate backbone is made of four residues: D-galactose (Gal), D-galacturonic acid (GalA) D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), forming a tetrasaccharide repetition unit [→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc(1→]. GlcA is derivatized with a lactate group giving ‘nosturonic acid’, and GalA is decorated with the amino acid alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Drouillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Isabelle Jeacomine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Laurine Buon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Claire Boisset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Anthony Courtois
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | | | | | - William Helbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
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Drejer EB, Hakvåg S, Irla M, Brautaset T. Genetic Tools and Techniques for Recombinant Expression in Thermophilic Bacillaceae. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020042. [PMID: 29748477 PMCID: PMC6027425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are the most prominent bacterial hosts for recombinant protein production by far, additional species are being explored as alternatives for production of difficult-to-express proteins. In particular, for thermostable proteins, there is a need for hosts able to properly synthesize, fold, and excrete these in high yields, and thermophilic Bacillaceae represent one potentially interesting group of microorganisms for such purposes. A number of thermophilic Bacillaceae including B.methanolicus, B.coagulans, B.smithii, B.licheniformis, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, G. kaustophilus, and G. stearothermophilus are investigated concerning physiology, genomics, genetic tools, and technologies, altogether paving the way for their utilization as hosts for recombinant production of thermostable and other difficult-to-express proteins. Moreover, recent successful deployments of CRISPR/Cas9 in several of these species have accelerated the progress in their metabolic engineering, which should increase their attractiveness for future industrial-scale production of proteins. This review describes the biology of thermophilic Bacillaceae and in particular focuses on genetic tools and methods enabling use of these organisms as hosts for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind B Drejer
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sigrid Hakvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marta Irla
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Exopolysaccharides from Marine and Marine Extremophilic Bacteria: Structures, Properties, Ecological Roles and Applications. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020069. [PMID: 29461505 PMCID: PMC5852497 DOI: 10.3390/md16020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is the largest aquatic ecosystem on Earth and it harbours microorganisms responsible for more than 50% of total biomass of prokaryotes in the world. All these microorganisms produce extracellular polymers that constitute a substantial part of the dissolved organic carbon, often in the form of exopolysaccharides (EPS). In addition, the production of these polymers is often correlated to the establishment of the biofilm growth mode, during which they are important matrix components. Their functions include adhesion and colonization of surfaces, protection of the bacterial cells and support for biochemical interactions between the bacteria and the surrounding environment. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the status of the research about the structures of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria, including capsular, medium released and biofilm embedded polysaccharides. Moreover, ecological roles of these polymers, especially for those isolated from extreme ecological niches (deep-sea hydrothermal vents, polar regions, hypersaline ponds, etc.), are reported. Finally, relationships between the structure and the function of the exopolysaccharides are discussed.
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Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus spp. from Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Worldwide: Diversity and Biotechnological Applications. EXTREMOPHILES IN EURASIAN ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY, DIVERSITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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57
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Abinaya M, Vaseeharan B, Divya M, Sharmili A, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Benelli G. Bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS)-coated ZnO nanoparticles showed high antibiofilm activity and larvicidal toxicity against malaria and Zika virus vectors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:93-103. [PMID: 29173489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and effective approach was performed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the probiotic strain Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1. EPS acted as reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of EPS-ZnO NPs by co-precipitation method. Structural characterization was investigated by a surface plasma resonance centered at 375nm in UV-vis spectrum. FTIR spectrum exhibited functional groups with strong absorption peak at 3814.7-420cm-1. XRD showed the crystalline nature of EPS-ZnO NPs. TEM showed that the EPS-ZnO NPs were hexagonal in shape, with size within the range of 10-100nm. The presence of Zn was confirmed by EDX analysis. Antibacterial activity of EPS-ZnO NPs was demonstrated as 100μg/ml significantly inhibited the effective growth control of Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) bacteria. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy evidenced that the antibiofilm activity of EPS-ZnO NPs was higher against Gram-negative bacteria over Gram positive bacteria. EPS-ZnO NPs also inhibited the biofilm growth of Candida albicans at the concentration of 75μg/ml. The hemolytic test showed low cytotoxicity of EPS-ZnO NPs at 5mg/ml. In addition, EPS-ZnO NPs achieved 100% mortality against third instars mosquito larvae of Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti at very low doses. Moreover, histology studies revealed the presence of damaged cells and tissues in the mid-gut of treated mosquito larvae. The multipurpose properties of EPS-ZnO NPs revealed in the present study can be further considered for pharmaceutical, parasitological and entomological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Abinaya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mani Divya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Sharmili
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College, Chennai 625 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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58
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Anti-herpes simplex virus 1 and immunomodulatory activities of a poly-γ- glutamic acid from Bacillus horneckiae strain APA of shallow vent origin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7487-7496. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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59
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Villa TG, Feijoo-Siota L, Rama JLR, Ageitos JM. Antivirals against animal viruses. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 133:97-116. [PMID: 27697545 PMCID: PMC7092833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - L Feijoo-Siota
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J L R Rama
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J M Ageitos
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Microbial Diversity in Extreme Marine Habitats and Their Biomolecules. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020025. [PMID: 28509857 PMCID: PMC5488096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme marine environments have been the subject of many studies and scientific publications. For many years, these environmental niches, which are characterized by high or low temperatures, high-pressure, low pH, high salt concentrations and also two or more extreme parameters in combination, have been thought to be incompatible to any life forms. Thanks to new technologies such as metagenomics, it is now possible to detect life in most extreme environments. Starting from the discovery of deep sea hydrothermal vents up to the study of marine biodiversity, new microorganisms have been identified, and their potential uses in several applied fields have been outlined. Thermophile, halophile, alkalophile, psychrophile, piezophile and polyextremophile microorganisms have been isolated from these marine environments; they proliferate thanks to adaptation strategies involving diverse cellular metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, a vast number of new biomolecules such as enzymes, polymers and osmolytes from the inhabitant microbial community of the sea have been studied, and there is a growing interest in the potential returns of several industrial production processes concerning the pharmaceutical, medical, environmental and food fields.
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Barba-Vidal E, Roll VFB, Castillejos L, Guerra-Ordaz AA, Manteca X, Mallo JJ, Martín-Orúe SM. Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis: effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior ,2. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:186-200. [PMID: 32704642 PMCID: PMC7250421 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the worldwide leading causes of food-borne illnesses for which the inclusion of probiotics or organic acids in animal feeds can be useful control methods. Experimental models are utilized to test the efficacy of strategies against pathogens, but they exhibit limitations which may preclude finding sensible evaluation parameters. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of 2 different feed additives; a Bacillus licheniformis based probiotic and a protected sodium butyrate (SB) salt, using an experimental model of salmonellosis and, second, to explore if behavior analysis can be used as a sensible evaluation tool for additives evaluation. A total of 78 piglets weaned at 24 d, 8.3 kg BW, were used. Seventy-two were placed in 3 rooms of 8 pens (3 animals/pen) with evenly distributed treatments (n = 8): CON, control group with plain diet; PRO, plain diet with 1 kg/t of Proporc (109 cfu of B. licheniformis/kg of feed), and BUT, plain diet with 3 kg/t of Gustor BP70 (2.1 g of partially protected SB salt/kg of feed). Remaining piglets (n = 6) were separated and used as a challenge negative control. The experiment lasted 16 d. After 1 wk of adaptation, animals were challenged with 5 × 108 cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium. One pig per pen was euthanized and sampled at d 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI). There were no significant differences among treatments for ADFI, ADG, G:F, rectal temperature, fecal consistency, pH, ammonia, short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid concentrations, cytokine TNF-α, Pig-MAP acute-phase proteins and histological parameters. However, both products were equally able to reduce colonization and shedding of Salmonella (P = 0.016 for PRO and BUT vs. CON). In addition, PRO treatment had a positive effect on behavioral displays, particularly exploring (P < 0.05 vs. CON), feeding (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) and other active behaviors (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) in the morning period (0830 to 1030 h). In the afternoon (1400 to 1600 h), the challenge effect was most significant. Pigs were less active after the challenge (P < 0.001), with a decrease in positive contacts (P = 0.004), exploration (P < 0.001) and feeding behaviors (P < 0.001) on d 3 PI, in comparison with before the challenge. Accordingly, many lying conducts increased at d 3 PI (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both treatments had positive effects against Salmonella, and behavior analysis appears to be a sensible tool to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barba-Vidal
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - V F B Roll
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil- Grant holder from CNPQ Brazil
| | - L Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - A A Guerra-Ordaz
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - X Manteca
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - J J Mallo
- Norel SA, Jesús Aprendiz, 19, 1°A, Madrid 28007 Spain
| | - S M Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
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62
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Exopolysaccharide-producing isolates from Thai milk kefir and their antioxidant activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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63
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Exopolysaccharides of Halophilic Microorganisms: An Overview. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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64
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Shin JS, Jung JY, Lee SG, Shin KS, Rhee YK, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. Exopolysaccharide fraction from Pediococcus pentosaceus KFT18 induces immunostimulatory activity in macrophages and immunosuppressed mice. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1390-402. [PMID: 26895351 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exopolysaccharide fraction from Pediococcus pentosaceus KFT18 (PE-EPS), a lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi (a Korean fermented vegetable product), was preliminary characterized and its immunostimulating effects were analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-primed RAW 264·7 macrophages and CD3/CD28-stimulated splenocytes to determine the immunotimulatory activities of PE-EPS. Upon exposure to PE-EPS, IFN-γ-primed RAW 264·7 macrophages showed significant increases in the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Molecular data using reporter gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that PE-EPS upregulated transcriptional activity, DNA binding and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, PE-EPS enhanced anti-CD3/CD28-specific proliferation and the productions of IL-2 and IFN-γ in primary splenocytes. In cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, pretreatment with PE-EPS (5, 15 or 45 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p.o.) increased thymus and spleen indices, and improved lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION PE-EPS stimulated the IFN-γ-primed macrophages and primary splenocytes to induce immune responses and improved the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results in this study improved our understanding of immunostimulating activity of PE-EPS and supported its potential treatment option as a natural immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Shin
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Jung
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Y-K Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - M-K Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - H-D Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Kyunggi, Seongnam, Korea
| | - K-T Lee
- Department of pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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65
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Zheng LP, Zou T, Ma YJ, Wang JW, Zhang YQ. Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protecting Activity of Exopolysaccharides from the Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus cereus SZ1. Molecules 2016; 21:E174. [PMID: 26861269 PMCID: PMC6273749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An endophytic bacterium was isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. The phylogenetic and physiological characterization indicated that the isolate, strain SZ-1, was Bacillus cereus. The endophyte could produce an exopolysaccharide (EPS) at 46 mg/L. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the EPS reached more than 50% at 3-5 mg/mL. The EPS was also effective in scavenging superoxide radical in a concentration dependent fashion with an EC50 value of 2.6 mg/mL. The corresponding EC50 for scavenging hydroxyl radical was 3.1 mg/mL. Moreover, phenanthroline-copper complex-mediated chemiluminescent emission of DNA damage was both inhibited and delayed by EPS. The EPS at 0.7-1.7 mg/mL also protected supercoiled DNA strands in plasmid pBR322 against scission induced by Fenton-mediated hydroxyl radical. The preincubation of PC12 cells with the EPS prior to H₂O₂ exposure increased the cell survival and glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) activities, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a pronounced protective effect against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity. Our study indicated that the EPS could be useful for preventing oxidative DNA damage and cellular oxidation in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, School of Architecture, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yan Jun Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yu Qing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of an Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis T14. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:518-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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67
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Priyanka P, Arun AB, Ashwini P, Rekha PD. Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. PRIM-31. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:400-4. [PMID: 26772917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. was investigated for its biotechnological applications. The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). These functional properties of the EPS prospect its biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Priyanka
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - A B Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P Ashwini
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.
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68
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Kambourova M, Radchenkova N, Tomova I, Bojadjieva I. Thermophiles as a Promising Source of Exopolysaccharides with Interesting Properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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69
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Sun ML, Zhao F, Shi M, Zhang XY, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ, Chen XL. Characterization and Biotechnological Potential Analysis of a New Exopolysaccharide from the Arctic Marine Bacterium Polaribacter sp. SM1127. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18435. [PMID: 26688201 PMCID: PMC4685270 DOI: 10.1038/srep18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many kinds of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from microorganisms have been used in industry, the exploration and utilization of EPSs from polar microorganisms is still rather rare. In this study, a flavobacterial strain, SM1127, from the Arctic brown alga Laminaria, was screened for its high EPS production (2.11 g/l) and was identified as belonging to the genus Polaribacter. The EPS secreted by strain SM1127 has a molecular mass of 220 kDa, and it mainly comprises N-acetyl glucosamine, mannose and glucuronic acid residues bound by heterogeneous linkages. Rheological studies on the aqueous EPS showed that it had a high viscosity and good shear-thinning property. Moreover, the EPS showed a high tolerance to high salinity and a wide pH range. The EPS also had good antioxidant activity. Particularly, its moisture-retention ability was superior to that of any other reported EPS or functional ingredient generally used in cosmetics. The EPS also showed a protective effect on human dermal fibroblasts at low temperature (4 °C). Safety assessment indicated that the EPS is safe for oral administration and external use. These results indicate the promising potential of the EPS from strain SM1127 in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250100, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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70
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Kšonžeková P, Bystrický P, Vlčková S, Pätoprstý V, Pulzová L, Mudroňová D, Kubašková T, Csank T, Tkáčiková Ľ. Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus reuteri: Their influence on adherence of E. coli to epithelial cells and inflammatory response. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 141:10-9. [PMID: 26876991 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize exopolysaccharides (EPS) originated from Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (EPS-DSM17938) and L. reuteri strain L26 Biocenol™ (EPS-L26) and evaluate their influence on adherence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to IPEC-1 cells and proinflammatory gene expression. Both EPS were d-glucan polysaccharides with higher molecular weight (Mw), but differing in spatial conformation and elicited variable cytokine profile. EPS-DSM17938, relatively linear polysaccharide with (1→4) and (1→6) glycosidic linkages, increased IL-1β gene expression (0.1mg/mL; P<0.05), while EPS-L26, more branched polysaccharide with (1→3) and (1→6) glycosidic linkages, exerted slight but statistically significant up-regulation of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA (P<0.05). The most significant finding is that preincubation of IPEC-1 cells with both EPS followed by ETEC infection inhibit ETEC adhesion on IPEC-1 cells (P<0.01) and ETEC-induced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kšonžeková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bystrický
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Vlčková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Pätoprstý
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pulzová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Kubašková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Csank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Tkáčiková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
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71
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Spanò A, Arena A. Bacterial Exopolysaccharide of Shallow Marine Vent Origin as Agent in Counteracting Immune Disorders Induced by Herpes Virus. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2015; 37:251-60. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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72
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Structure of an Amino Acid-Decorated Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6723-39. [PMID: 26528992 PMCID: PMC4663550 DOI: 10.3390/md13116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4994) secretes an exopolysaccharide that can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic applications. The structure was resolved using chromatography and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. The results show that the carbohydrate backbone is made of two residues: d-galacturonic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNac), which together constitute a tetrasaccharide repetition unit: [→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→4)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc(1→]. Two amino acids, alanine and serine, are linked to GalA residues via amido linkages. The position and the distribution of the amino acids were characterized by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a structure for a marine exopolysaccharide decorated with an amino acid.
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73
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Han B, Long WQ, He JY, Liu YJ, Si YQ, Tian LX. Effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunological parameters, intestinal morphology and resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:225-31. [PMID: 26108035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oral administration of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and disease resistance of juvenile tilapia were investigated. Six experimental diets supplemented with different concentrations of B. licheniformis (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1% of AlCare(®), containing live germ 2 × 10(10) CFU/g) were formulated, viz. control, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fishes (3.83 ± 0.03 g). After 10 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), final body wet weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly in groups T2, T3, T4 and T5 compared with control and T1 (p < 0.05). However, survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not found to be significantly affected (P > 0.05). Compared with control, dietary B. licheniformis supplementation increased the content of complement C3 in serum significantly (P < 0.05). The lysozyme activity was observed to be highest in T2 (P < 0.05) without differences among other groups. However, SOD activity was not affected by B. licheniformis supplementation (P > 0.05). When tilapia were challenged against Streptococcus iniae, survival rate improved significantly when tilapia fed with T2, T3, T4 and T5 (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant differences in villi length and muscular layer thickness of anterior intestinal among the treatments, intestinal villi of fish fed with higher concentrations of B. licheniformis (T2, T3, T4, T5) tended to be regularly arranged and exhibited less exfoliation, twist and fusion. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis not only increased the growth, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile tilapia, but also influenced anterior intestinal development and integrity. Furthermore, in our study, the optimal concentration of B. licheniformis in diets for tilapia was greater than or equal to 4.4 × 10(6) CFU/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wei-Qing Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ju-Yun He
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Si
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 135, Xin-gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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74
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Production and properties of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by the extreme halophilic archaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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75
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Gogineni V, Schinazi RF, Hamann MT. Role of Marine Natural Products in the Genesis of Antiviral Agents. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9655-706. [PMID: 26317854 PMCID: PMC4883660 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedanjali Gogineni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Gugliandolo C, Spanò A, Maugeri TL, Poli A, Arena A, Nicolaus B. Role of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Agents in Counteracting Immune Disorders Induced by Herpes Virus. Microorganisms 2015; 3:464-83. [PMID: 27682100 PMCID: PMC5023242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme marine environments, such as the submarine shallow vents of the Eolian Islands (Italy), offer an almost unexplored source of microorganisms producing unexploited and promising biomolecules for pharmaceutical applications. Thermophilic and thermotolerant bacilli isolated from Eolian vents are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-2 is responsible for the most common and continuously increasing viral infections in humans. Due to the appearance of resistance to the available treatments, new biomolecules exhibiting different mechanisms of action could provide novel agents for treating viral infections. The EPSs hinder the HSV-2 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but not in WISH (Wistar Institute Susan Hayflic) cells line, indicating that cell-mediated immunity was involved in the antiviral activity. High levels of Th1-type cytokines were detected in PBMC treated with all EPSs, while Th2-type cytokines were not induced. These EPSs are water soluble exopolymers able to stimulate the immune response and thus contribute to the antiviral immune defense, acting as immunomodulators. As stimulants of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, they could lead to the development of novel drugs as alternative in the treatment of herpes virus infections, as well as in immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Gugliandolo
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Spanò
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Teresa L Maugeri
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Annarita Poli
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Council of National Research (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Adriana Arena
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Human Pathology, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Universitario "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Council of National Research (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
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77
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Li L, Jiang YJ, Yang XY, Liu Y, Wang JY, Man CX. Immunoregulatory effects on Caco-2 cells and mice of exopolysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Food Funct 2015; 5:3261-8. [PMID: 25340590 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous results on potential immunoregulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, the immunoregulatory effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from L. acidophilus NCFM and their regulating mechanisms are further investigated in the current research. Stimulated by EPS preparations, four immune-related genes in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cells, namely, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), chemokine C-C motif 2 (CCL2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3), first showed an increase at 2-4 h, peaked at 4 h, and then decreased at 4-12 h. Similar trends were observed in vivo: four genes showed transient expression (highest on the 4th day) in the cecum and colon of mice. Meanwhile, the organ coefficient, clearance index and phagocytic index all significantly increased with time extension and dose increase of EPS stimulation. EPS triggered NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathways in Caco-2 cells, and the activated pathways initiated the genes expression. EPS compounds from L. acidophilus NCFM may play an important role in host immunoregulation and might be applied as a new type of immunoregulatory agent in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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78
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Trabelsi I, Slima SB, Chaabane H, Riadh BS. Purification and characterization of a novel exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus sp. Ca6. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:541-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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79
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Rhee Y, Cho CW, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. In vitro
and in vivo
immunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide-enriched fraction from Bacillus subtilis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:739-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J.-S. Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center; School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Y.K. Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - C.-W. Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - M.-K. Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - H.-D. Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - K.-T. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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80
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Ryan PM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Caplice NM, Stanton C. Sugar-coated: exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria for food and human health applications. Food Funct 2015; 6:679-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human enteric microbiome represents a veritable organ relied upon by the host for a range of metabolic and homeostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Ryan
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre
- Cork
- Ireland
- Department of Microbiology
- University College Cork
| | - R. P. Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- College of Science
- Engineering & Food Science
| | - G. F. Fitzgerald
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- Department of Microbiology
- University College Cork
| | | | - C. Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre
- Cork
- Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
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81
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Asker MMS, EL Sayed OH, Mahmoud MG, Ramadan MF. Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of a new exopolysaccharide produced from Micrococcus luteus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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82
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Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: Structural analysis, molecular weight effect on immunomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 68:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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83
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Fermentation technologies for the optimization of marine microbial exopolysaccharide production. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3005-24. [PMID: 24857960 PMCID: PMC4052328 DOI: 10.3390/md12053005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, research has focused on the capabilities of microbes to secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS), because these polymers differ from the commercial ones derived essentially from plants or algae in their numerous valuable qualities. These biopolymers have emerged as new polymeric materials with novel and unique physical characteristics that have found extensive applications. In marine microorganisms the produced EPS provide an instrument to survive in adverse conditions: They are found to envelope the cells by allowing the entrapment of nutrients or the adhesion to solid substrates. Even if the processes of synthesis and release of exopolysaccharides request high-energy investments for the bacterium, these biopolymers permit resistance under extreme environmental conditions. Marine bacteria like Bacillus, Halomonas, Planococcus, Enterobacter, Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Rhodococcus, Zoogloea but also Archaea as Haloferax and Thermococcus are here described as EPS producers underlining biopolymer hyperproduction, related fermentation strategies including the effects of the chemical composition of the media, the physical parameters of the growth conditions and the genetic and predicted experimental design tools.
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84
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Courtois A, Berthou C, Guézennec J, Boisset C, Bordron A. Exopolysaccharides isolated from hydrothermal vent bacteria can modulate the complement system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94965. [PMID: 24736648 PMCID: PMC3988086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is involved in the defence against bacterial infection, or in the elimination of tumour cells. However, disturbances in this system contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. The efficiency of therapeutic anti-tumour antibodies is enhanced when the complement system is stimulated. In contrast, cancer cells are able to inhibit the complement system and thus proliferate. Some marine molecules are currently being developed as new drugs for use in humans. Among them, known exopolyssacharides (EPSs) generally originate from fungi, but few studies have been performed on bacterial EPSs and even fewer on EPSs extracted from deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbes. For use in humans, these high molecular weight EPSs must be depolymerised. Furthermore, the over-sulphation of EPSs can modify their biological activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunodulation of the complement system by either native or over-sulphated low molecular weight EPSs isolated from vent bacteria in order to find pro or anti-activators of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Courtois
- Biotechnology and Marine Molecules Laboratory, IFREMER, Brest, France
- Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology of Cancer Laboratory, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology of Cancer Laboratory, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean Guézennec
- Biotechnology and Marine Molecules Laboratory, IFREMER, Brest, France
| | - Claire Boisset
- Biotechnology and Marine Molecules Laboratory, IFREMER, Brest, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology of Cancer Laboratory, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- * E-mail:
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85
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Gugliandolo C, Spanò A, Lentini V, Arena A, Maugeri T. Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of a novel bacterial exopolysaccharide of shallow marine vent origin. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1028-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gugliandolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - A. Spanò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - V. Lentini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - A. Arena
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology; Department of Human Pathology; Policlinico Universitario ‘G. Martino’; Messina Italy
| | - T.L. Maugeri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
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86
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Structural and immunological studies of an exopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter junii BB1A. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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87
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Zhang CN, Li XF, Xu WN, Jiang GZ, Lu KL, Wang LN, Liu WB. Combined effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus licheniformis on innate immunity, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1380-1386. [PMID: 23932988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) and their interaction on innate immunity, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of triangular bream Megalobrama terminalis (average initial weight 30.5 ± 0.5 g). Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three FOS levels (0, 0.3% and 0.6%) and three B. licheniformis levels (0, 1 × 10(7), 5 × 10(7) CFU g(-1)) according to a 3 × 3 factorial design. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) and survival rate was recorded for the next 7 days. The results showed that leucocyte counts, alternative complement activity as well as total serum protein and globulin contents all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary B. licheniformis levels increased from 0 to 1 × 10(7) CFU g(-1), while little difference (P > 0.05) was observed in these parameters in terms of dietary FOS levels. Both plasma alkaline phosphatase and phenoloxidase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) affected only by dietary FOS levels with the highest values observed in fish fed 0.6 and 0.3% FOS, respectively. Both immunoglobulin M content and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly affected (P > 0.05) by both FOS and B. licheniformis. Liver catalase, glutathione peroxidase as well as plasma SOD activities of fish fed 1 × 10(7) CFU g(-1)B. licheniformis were all significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the other groups, whereas the opposite was true for malondialdehyde content. After A. hydrophila challenge, survival rate was not affected (P > 0.05) by either FOS levels or B. licheniformis contents, whereas a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between these two substances was observed with the highest value observed in fish fed 0.3% FOS and 1 × 10(7) CFU g(-1)B. licheniformis. The results of this study indicated that dietary FOS and B. licheniformis could significantly enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capability of triangular bream, as well as improve its disease resistance. The best combination of these two prebiotics and/or probiotics was 0.3% FOS and 1 × 10(7) CFU g(-1)B. licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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88
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Abstract
The human intestine is colonised by 10¹³ to 10¹⁴ micro-organisms, the vast majority of which belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Although highly stable over time, the composition and activities of the microbiota may be influenced by a number of factors including age, diet and antibiotic treatment. Although perturbations in the composition or functions of the microbiota are linked to inflammatory and metabolic disorders (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and obesity), it is unclear at this point whether these changes are a symptom of the disease or a contributing factor. A better knowledge of the mechanisms through which changes in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) promote disease states is needed to improve our understanding of the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and disease. While evidence of the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic strains on diarrhoeal illness and other intestinal conditions is promising, the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effects are not fully understood. Recent studies have raised the question of whether non-viable probiotic strains can confer health benefits on the host by influencing the immune system. As the potential health effect of these non-viable bacteria depends on whether the mechanism of this effect is dependent on viability, future research needs to consider each probiotic strain on a case-by-case basis. The present review provides a comprehensive, updated overview of the human gut microbiota, the factors influencing its composition and the role of probiotics as a therapeutic modality in the treatment and prevention of diseases and/or restoration of human health.
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89
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Lu Z, Jin M, Huang M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Bioactivity of selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides produced by Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 in broilers. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 96:131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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90
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Radchenkova N, Vassilev S, Panchev I, Anzelmo G, Tomova I, Nicolaus B, Kuncheva M, Petrov K, Kambourova M. Production and Properties of Two Novel Exopolysaccharides Synthesized by a Thermophilic Bacterium Aeribacillus pallidus 418. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:31-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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91
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Spanò A, Gugliandolo C, Lentini V, Maugeri TL, Anzelmo G, Poli A, Nicolaus B. A Novel EPS-Producing Strain of Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from a Shallow Vent Off Panarea Island (Italy). Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:21-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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92
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Biomedical Applications of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Microorganisms Isolated from Extreme Environments. Extremophiles 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118394144.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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93
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Zhang D, Wu H, Xia Z, Wang C, Cai J, Huang Z, Du L, Sun P, Xie J. Partial characterization, antioxidant and antitumor activities of three sulfated polysaccharides purified from Bullacta exarata. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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94
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Gugliandolo C, Lentini V, Spanò A, Maugeri T. New bacilli from shallow hydrothermal vents of Panarea Island (Italy) and their biotechnological potential. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1102-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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95
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Jaiganesh R, Sampath Kumar NS. Marine bacterial sources of bioactive compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:389-408. [PMID: 22361201 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of novel compounds have been isolated from various marine bacteria and tested for pharmacological properties, many of which are commercially available. Many more are being tested as potential bioactive compound at the preclinical and clinical stages. The growing interest in marine-derived antiviral compounds, along with the development of new technology in marine cultures and extraction, will significantly expedite the current exploration of the marine environment for compounds with significant pharmacological applications, which will continue to be a promising strategy and new trend for modern medicine. Marine actinomycetes and cyanobacteria are a prolific but underexploited source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jaiganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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96
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Ta QV, Kim SK. Marine organisms as a therapeutic source against herpes simplex virus infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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97
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Mastromarino P, Cacciotti F, Masci A, Mosca L. Antiviral activity of Lactobacillus brevis towards herpes simplex virus type 2: role of cell wall associated components. Anaerobe 2011; 17:334-6. [PMID: 21621625 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the mechanisms of Lactobacillus brevis antiviral activity towards HSV-2 and to identify the bacterial components responsible for the inhibiting effect. Bacterial extract and cell walls were prepared by lysozyme digestion of L. brevis cells untreated or treated with LiCl to remove S-layer proteins. Bacterial extract and cell wall fragments showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on HSV-2 multiplication. In order to characterize the inhibitory activity of L. brevis, the bacterial extract was subjected to different physical and chemical treatments. The inhibitory activity was resistant to high temperature and proteases digestion and appeared to be associated with compounds with a molecular weight higher than 10 kDa. DNA, RNA and lipids isolated from bacterial cells were devoid of inhibitory effect. The antiviral activity of both bacterial extract and cell wall fragments obtained from L. brevis cells after the S-layer removal was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells suggesting that the inhibitory activity is likely due to a heat-resistant non-protein cell surface bacterial component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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98
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Characterization and emulsifying property of a carbohydrate polymer produced by Bacillus pumilus UW-02 isolated from waste water irrigated agricultural soil. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:705-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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99
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Poli A, Anzelmo G, Tommonaro G, Pavlova K, Casaburi A, Nicolaus B. Production and chemical characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by psychrophilic yeast strain Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL1 isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:576-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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100
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Im SA, Wang W, Lee CK, Lee YN. Activation of Macrophages by Exopolysaccharide Produced by MK1 Bacterial Strain Isolated from Neungee Mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus. Immune Netw 2010; 10:230-8. [PMID: 21286384 PMCID: PMC3026943 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.6.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MK1 strain, a novel bacterial isolate from soft-rotten tissue of the Neungee mushroom, produces copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a dextrose minimal medium. This study examined the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MK1 EPS. Methods The EPS in the culture supernatant was purified by cold ethanol precipitation, and characterized by SDS-PAGE/silver staining and Bio-HPLC. The immunomodulatory activities of the EPS were examined using the mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results The molecular weights of the purified EPS were rather heterogeneous, ranging from 10.6 to 55 kDa. The EPS was composed of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:0.8:0.71:0.29:0.21. EPS activated the RAW cells to produce cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and nitric oxide (NO). EPS also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1, and increased the phagocytic activity. The macrophage-activating activity of EPS was not due to endotoxin contamination because the treatment of EPS with polymyin B did not reduce the macrophage-activating activity. Conclusion The EPS produced from the MK1 strain exerts macrophage-activating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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