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Kim JH, Kim SH, Lim JY, Kim D, Jeong IS, Lee DK, Jang YJ. Association between the sinus microbiota with eosinophilic inflammation and prognosis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:978-987. [PMID: 32595207 PMCID: PMC7338545 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the sinus microbiome affects the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). We investigated whether the sinus microbiota in CRSwNPs is associated with eosinophilic inflammation, especially in relation to innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), prognosis, and serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Middle meatal swabs and serum from 31 CRSwNPs patients and six healthy controls were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. ILC2s and cytokines from sinonasal tissues were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The relative abundances (RAs) of bacteria were compared based on eosinophilic inflammation and surgical outcome. The correlations between sinus bacteria and ILC2s, cytokines, and serum EVs were analyzed. The compositions of sinus bacteria were different between groups at the genus level. In eosinophilic CRSwNPs patients, the RA of Anaerococcus was significantly decreased (P = 0.010), whereas that of Lachnoclostridium was significantly increased (P = 0.038) compared with that in controls. The RA of Lachnoclostridium showed a significant positive correlation with interleukin (IL)-5-producing ILC2 populations (R = 0.340, P = 0.049), whereas the RA of Anaerococcus showed a negative correlation with IL-5-producing ILC2 populations (R = −0.332, P = 0.055). The RAs of Corynebacterium, Anaerococcus, and Tepidimonas were significantly decreased in patients with suboptimal outcomes compared with those in patients with optimal outcomes and control subjects. Some sinus bacteria and serum EVs showed positive correlations. CRSwNPs patients showed distinct microbiota compositions based on eosinophilic inflammation in relation to ILC2s and surgical outcome. These findings support a relationship between the microbiota and the host immune response in CRSwNPs. Microbes living in the sinonasal cavity seem to affect the immune responses and clinical outcomes of patients with an inflammatory disease that can cause lasting pain, pressure, and swelling in the sinuses. Ji Heui Kim from the Asan Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues collected nasal swabs and blood from 31 people suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and from six healthy control individuals. They identified several specific bacterial groups whose presence or absence was associated with the abundance of certain white blood cell populations, a sign of inflammation. Some of these groups were linked to patient outcomes after nasal surgery but additional groups were also observed. The findings could help lead to new treatment strategies or diagnostic biomarkers for patients with this sinus disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seong Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ju Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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52
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Leveraging -omics for asthma endotyping. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 144:13-23. [PMID: 31277743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a highly heterogeneous disease, often manifesting with wheeze, dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough as prominent symptoms. The eliciting factors, natural history, underlying molecular biology, and clinical management of asthma vary highly among affected subjects. Because of this variation, many efforts have gone into subtyping asthma. Endotypes are subtypes of disease based on distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. Endotypes can be clinically useful because they organize our mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous diseases and can direct treatment toward modalities that are likely to be the most effective. Asthma endotyping can be shaped by clinical features, laboratory parameters, and/or -omics approaches. We discuss the application of -omics approaches, including transcriptomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, to asthma endotyping. -Omics approaches have provided supporting evidence for many existing endotyping paradigms and also suggested novel ways to conceptualize asthma endotypes. Although endotypes based on single -omics approaches are relatively common, their integrated multi-omics application to asthma endotyping has been more limited thus far. We discuss paths forward to integrate multi-omics with clinical features and laboratory parameters to achieve the goal of precise asthma endotypes.
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53
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Durack J, Christian LS, Nariya S, Gonzalez J, Bhakta NR, Ansel KM, Beigelman A, Castro M, Dyer AM, Israel E, Kraft M, Martin RJ, Mauger DT, Peters SP, Rosenberg SR, Sorkness CA, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR, Lynch SV, Boushey HA, Huang YJ. Distinct associations of sputum and oral microbiota with atopic, immunologic, and clinical features in mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1016-1026. [PMID: 32298699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether microbiome characteristics of induced sputum or oral samples demonstrate unique relationships to features of atopy or mild asthma in adults is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine sputum and oral microbiota relationships to clinical or immunologic features in mild atopic asthma and the impact on the microbiota of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment administered to ICS-naive subjects with asthma. METHODS Bacterial microbiota profiles were analyzed in induced sputum and oral wash samples from 32 subjects with mild atopic asthma before and after inhaled fluticasone treatment, 18 atopic subjects without asthma, and 16 nonatopic healthy subjects in a multicenter study (NCT01537133). Associations with clinical and immunologic features were examined, including markers of atopy, type 2 inflammation, immune cell populations, and cytokines. RESULTS Sputum bacterial burden inversely associated with bronchial expression of type 2 (T2)-related genes. Differences in specific sputum microbiota also associated with T2-low asthma phenotype, a subgroup of whom displayed elevations in lung inflammatory mediators and reduced sputum bacterial diversity. Differences in specific oral microbiota were more reflective of atopic status. After ICS treatment of patients with asthma, the compositional structure of sputum microbiota showed greater deviation from baseline in ICS nonresponders than in ICS responders. CONCLUSIONS Novel associations of sputum and oral microbiota to immunologic features were observed in this cohort of subjects with or without ICS-naive mild asthma. These findings confirm and extend our previous report of reduced bronchial bacterial burden and compositional complexity in subjects with T2-high asthma, with additional identification of a T2-low subgroup with a distinct microbiota-immunologic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Durack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Laura S Christian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Snehal Nariya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Jeanmarie Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Anne-Marie Dyer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Monica Kraft
- University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | | | - David T Mauger
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, Pa
| | | | | | | | | | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC/UPSOM, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Homer A Boushey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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54
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Ciprandi G, Leonardi S, Zicari AM, Tosca MA, Marseglia G. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: pathophysiological mechanism and new therapeutic approach. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:93-96. [PMID: 32191660 PMCID: PMC7569568 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is the most common IgE-mediated disease. A type2 immune response is involved in AR pathogenesis. Allergic inflammation is characterized by eosinophilic infiltrate and mediators release. AR treatment is usually based on medication prescription, including antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids. However, medications may be prescribed for long periods and sometimes may be scarcely effective, thus aggressive strategy should be used. Therefore, complementary medicine is becoming attractive for patients at present. Nutraceuticals represent interesting therapeutic options in clinical practice. In this regard, a new compound has been designed containing Vitamin D3, Perilla extract, and quercetin. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy University .
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Pediatrics Department , Umberto I Hospital, Roma, Sapienza University , Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Gianluigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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55
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Enaud R, Prevel R, Ciarlo E, Beaufils F, Wieërs G, Guery B, Delhaes L. The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:9. [PMID: 32140452 PMCID: PMC7042389 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut-lung axis (GLA). Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. Moreover, growing evidence indicates the key role of inter-kingdom crosstalks in maintaining host homeostasis and in disease evolution. In fact, the recently emerged GLA concept involves host-microbe as well as microbe-microbe interactions, based both on localized and long-reaching effects. GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. Due to the limited knowledge on the human virobiota, we focused on gut and lung bacteriobiota and mycobiota, with a specific attention on inter-kingdom microbial crosstalks which are able to shape local or long-reached host responses within the GLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Enaud
- CHU de Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Renaud Prevel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gregoire Wieërs
- Clinique Saint Pierre, Department of Internal Medicine, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Guery
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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56
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, advances in our understanding of microbial ecology have allowed us to appreciate the important role of microbial communities in maintaining human health. While much of this research has focused on gut microbes, microbial communities in other body sites and from the environment are increasingly recognized in human disease. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of host-microbiota interactions in the development and manifestation of asthma focusing on three distinct microbial compartments. First, environmental microbes originating from house dust, pets, and farm animals have been linked to asthma pathogenesis, which is often connected to their production of bioactive molecules such as lipopolysaccharide. Second, respiratory microbial communities, including newly appreciated populations of microbes in the lung have been associated with allergic airway inflammation. Current evidence suggests that the presence of particular microbes, especially Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Morexella species within the airway may shape local immune responses and alter the severity and manifestations of airway inflammation. Third, the gut microbiota has been implicated in both experimental models and clinical studies in predisposing to asthma. There appears to be a "critical window" of colonization that occurs during early infancy in which gut microbial communities shape immune maturation and confer susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by which gut microbial communities influence lung immune responses and physiology, the "gut-lung axis," are still being defined but include the altered differentiation of immune cell populations important in asthma and the local production of metabolites that affect distal sites. Together, these findings suggest an intimate association of microbial communities with host immune development and the development of allergic airway inflammation. Improved understanding of these relationships raises the possibility of microbiota-directed therapies to improve or prevent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ver Heul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Planer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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57
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Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111967. [PMID: 31739446 PMCID: PMC6912699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes and phenotypes of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. In this article, we specifically review current evidence on the characteristics of lung microbiome, and specifically the bacteriome, the modes of interaction between lung microbiota and host immune system, the role of the “lung–gut axis”, and the functional effects thereof on asthma pathogenesis. We also attempt to explore the possibilities of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome, aiming at the establishment of asthma prevention strategies and the optimization of asthma treatment.
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58
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Wypych TP, Wickramasinghe LC, Marsland BJ. The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1279-1290. [PMID: 31501577 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The revolution in microbiota research over the past decade has provided invaluable knowledge about the function of the microbial species that inhabit the human body. It has become widely accepted that these microorganisms, collectively called 'the microbiota', engage in networks of interactions with each other and with the host that aim to benefit both the microbial members and the mammalian members of this unique ecosystem. The lungs, previously thought to be sterile, are now known to harbor a unique microbiota and, additionally, to be influenced by microbial signals from distal body sites, such as the intestine. Here we review the role of the lung and gut microbiotas in respiratory health and disease and highlight the main pathways of communication that underlie the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wypych
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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59
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Interactions between microbiome and lungs: Paving new paths for microbiome based bio-engineered drug delivery systems in chronic respiratory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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60
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Abdel-Aziz MI, Vijverberg SJH, Neerincx AH, Kraneveld AD, Maitland-van der Zee AH. The crosstalk between microbiome and asthma: Exploring associations and challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1067-1086. [PMID: 31148278 PMCID: PMC6852296 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of high‐throughput DNA/RNA sequencing and computational analysis techniques, commensal bacteria are now considered almost as important as pathological ones. Understanding the interaction between these bacterial microbiota, host and asthma is crucial to reveal their role in asthma pathophysiology. Several airway and/or gut microbiome studies have shown associations between certain bacterial taxa and asthma. However, challenges remain before gained knowledge from these studies can be implemented into clinical practice, such as inconsistency between studies in choosing sampling compartments and/or sequencing approaches, variability of results in asthma studies, and not taking into account medication intake and diet composition especially when investigating gut microbiome. Overcoming those challenges will help to better understand the complex asthma disease process. The therapeutic potential of using pro‐ and prebiotics to prevent or reduce risk of asthma exacerbations requires further investigation. This review will focus on methodological issues regarding setting up a microbiome study, recent developments in asthma bacterial microbiome studies, challenges and future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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61
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Abstract
The airways are under continuous assault from aerosolized bacteria and oral flora. The bacteria present in the airways and gastrointestinal tract of neonates promote immune maturation and protect against asthma pathogenesis. Later bacterial infections and perturbations to the microbiome can contribute to asthma pathogenesis, persistence, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Insel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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62
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Xiong Y, Hu S, Zhou H, Zeng H, He X, Huang D, Li X. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing of the pulmonary microbiome of rats with allergic asthma. Genes Dis 2019; 7:272-282. [PMID: 32215297 PMCID: PMC7083718 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in microbial infection in adolescents is implicated with an increase in the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases in adulthood, indicating that the microbiome plays a critical role in asthma. However, the microbial composition of the lower respiratory tract remains unclear, hindering the further exploration of the pathogenesis of asthma. This study aims to explore the microbial distribution and composition in the lungs of normal rats and rats with allergic asthma via 16S rDNA sequencing. The DNA of the pulmonary microbiome was extracted from the left lungs collected from normal control group (NC), saline control group (SC), and allergic asthma group (AA) under aseptic conditions. After the 16s rDNA V4—V5 region was amplified, the products were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology and subjected to operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cluster and taxonomy analysis. The OTU values of AA increased significantly compared with those of NC and SC. Microbiome structure analysis showed that the dominant phylum of the pulmonary microbiome changed from Proteobacteria in NC to Firmicutes in AA. Linear discriminant analysis indicated that the key microbiomes involved in the three groups varied. Numerous microbiomes stably settled in the lungs of the rats in NC and AA. The structure and diversity of the pulmonary microbiome in AA differed from those in NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sen Hu
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongyao Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuan He
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongni Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Laboratory of Innovation, Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Corresponding author.
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63
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Pulvirenti G, Parisi GF, Giallongo A, Papale M, Manti S, Savasta S, Licari A, Marseglia GL, Leonardi S. Lower Airway Microbiota. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:393. [PMID: 31612122 PMCID: PMC6776601 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last several years, the interest in the role of microbiota in human health has grown significantly. For many years, the lung was considered a sterile environment, and only recently, with the use of more sophisticated techniques, has it been demonstrated that colonization by a complex population of microorganisms in lower airways also occurs in healthy subjects; a predominance of some species of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla and with a peculiar composition in some disease conditions, such as asthma, have been noted. Lung microbiota derives mainly from the higher airways microbiota. Although we have some information about the role of gut microbiota in modulation of immune system, less it is known about the connection between lung microbiota and local and systemic immunity. There is a correlation between altered microbiota composition and some diseases or chronic states; however, despite this correlation, it has not been clearly demonstrated whether the lung microbiota dysbiosis could be a consequence or a cause of these diseases. We are far from a scientific approach to the therapeutic use of probiotics in airway diseases, but we are only at the starting point of a knowledge process in this fascinating field that could reveal important surprises, and randomized prospective studies in future could reveal more about the clinical possibilities for controlling lung microbiota. This review was aimed at updating the current knowledge in the field of airway microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giallongo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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64
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Pang Z, Wang G, Gibson P, Guan X, Zhang W, Zheng R, Chen F, Wang Z, Wang F. Airway Microbiome in Different Inflammatory Phenotypes of Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:477-485. [PMID: 30911282 PMCID: PMC6428974 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Asthma is a common respiratory disease with a high prevalence and morbidity that can seriously affect quality of life. Microbial colonization of the airway may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma, however the mechanisms involved have not been established. In the present study, we aimed to determine the composition of the microbiota in different asthmatic phenotypes from Northeast China. Methods: 24 mild-to-moderate asthmatics (10 eosinophilic asthma and 14 non-eosinophilic asthma) and 12 healthy volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from their induced sputum and amplified for 16s rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Bioinformatic analysis on the microbiome was performed. Results: Alpha-diversity analysis showed that the asthmatics had a decreased richness, evenness and diversity. Non-eosinophilic asthmatics showed a decreased richness, evenness and diversity compared with eosinophilic patients. A different taxonomy of 1 phylum and 6 genera taxa between the phenotypes was identified. Compared with heathy controls, asthmatics existed a larger taxonomic difference (P<0.05 for both EA and NEA vs. HC). 5 genera as the dominance in the microbial co-occurrence network correlated with the spirometry and disease progression of asthma. The function of microbiota genes was predicted to be related with infectious, immune and metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The diversity and composition of the airway microbiome was associated with the pathogenesis of asthma in different phenotypes. The diverse composition has been identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peter Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Xuewa Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Third Department of Respiratory Disease, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Interventional Therapy, Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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65
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Taylor SL, O'Farrell HE, Simpson JL, Yang IA, Rogers GB. The contribution of respiratory microbiome analysis to a treatable traits model of care. Respirology 2018; 24:19-28. [PMID: 30282116 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the airway microbiome in patients with chronic airway diseases, such as severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF), has the potential to inform a precision model of clinical care. Patients with these conditions share overlapping disease characteristics, including airway inflammation and airflow limitation. The clinical management of chronic respiratory conditions is increasingly moving away from a one-size-fits-all model based on primary diagnosis, towards care targeting individual disease traits, and is particularly useful for subgroups of patients who respond poorly to conventional therapies. Respiratory microbiome analysis is an important potential contributor to such a 'treatable traits' approach, providing insight into both microbial drivers of airways disease, and the selective characteristics of the changing lower airway environment. We explore the potential to integrate respiratory microbiome analysis into a treatable traits model of clinical care and provide a practical guide to the application and clinical interpretation of respiratory microbiome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Taylor
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hannah E O'Farrell
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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66
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Grayson MH, Feldman S, Prince BT, Patel PJ, Matsui EC, Apter AJ. Advances in asthma in 2017: Mechanisms, biologics, and genetics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1423-1436. [PMID: 30213625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes some of the most significant advances in asthma research over the past year. We first focus on novel discoveries in the mechanism of asthma development and exacerbation. This is followed by a discussion of potential new biomarkers, including the use of radiographic markers of disease. Several new biologics have become available to the clinician in the past year, and we summarize these advances and how they can influence the clinical delivery of asthma care. After this, important findings in the genetics of asthma and heterogeneity in phenotypes of the disease are explored, as is the role the environment plays in shaping the development and exacerbation of asthma. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of advances in health literacy and how they will affect asthma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Scott Feldman
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Benjamin T Prince
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Priya J Patel
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Tex
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
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Abstract
The introduction of 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing as a nonculture technique has led to the discovery of the presence of microbiota in the lower airways of healthy individuals. These bacterial communities may originate from the mouth and nasopharynx or from the environment by inhalation. The microbial composition of the lower airways may be modulated by dietary factors, antibiotic therapy, and microbial infections, particularly in early life. In addition, circulatory products from gut microbiota may influence the lung microbiota to maintain mucosal immunity. Recent studies have revealed that, in asthma, the lower airway microbiota show reduced diversity and community composition that is linked to severity and inflammatory phenotype. There is also a greater prevalence of proteobacteria, including Haemophilus, in symptomatic asthma. Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to both the inception and progression of asthma in infants and children, and to corticosteroid resistance in asthma. A better understanding of the regulation of the lung and gut microbiota in asthma may pave the way for targeting microbiota to prevent and treat asthma.
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68
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Revez JA, Killian KJ, O'Byrne PM, Boulet LP, Upham JW, Gauvreau GM, Ferreira MAR. Sputum cytology during late-phase responses to inhalation challenge with different allergens. Allergy 2018; 73:1470-1478. [PMID: 29337345 DOI: 10.1111/all.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mouse models of allergic asthma, exposure to different allergens can trigger distinct inflammatory subtypes in the airways. We investigated whether this observation extends to humans. METHODS We compared the frequency of sputum inflammatory subtypes between mild allergic asthma subjects (n = 129) exposed to different allergens in inhalation challenge tests. These tests were performed using a standardized protocol as part of clinical trials of experimental treatments for asthma, prior to drug randomization. Five allergen types were represented: the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, ragweed, grass, and cat. RESULTS Of 118 individuals with a sputum sample collected before allergen challenge (baseline), 45 (38%) had paucigranulocytic, 51 (43%) eosinophilic, 11 (9%) neutrophilic, and 11 (9%) mixed granulocytic sputum. Of note, most individuals with baseline paucigranulocytic sputum developed eosinophilic (48%) or mixed granulocytic (43%) sputum 7 hours after allergen challenge, highlighting the dynamic nature of sputum inflammatory subtype in asthma. Overall, there was no difference in the frequency of sputum inflammatory subtypes following challenge with different allergen types. Similar results were observed at 24 hours after allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS Unlike reported in mice, in humans the sputum inflammatory subtype observed after an allergen-induced asthma exacerbation is unlikely to be influenced by the type of allergen used.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Revez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - K. J. Killian
- Division of Respirology; Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - P. M. O'Byrne
- Division of Respirology; Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - L.-P. Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval; Quebec City Canada
| | - J. W. Upham
- Translational Research Institute; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - G. M. Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology; Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Porsbjerg C, Sverrild A, Baines KJ, Searles A, Maltby S, Foster PS, Brightling C, Gibson PG. Advancing the management of obstructive airways diseases through translational research. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:493-501. [PMID: 29412485 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive airways diseases (OAD) represent a huge burden of illness world-wide, and in spite of the development of effective therapies, significant morbidity and mortality related to asthma and COPD still remains. Over the past decade, our understanding of OAD has improved vastly, and novel treatments have evolved. This evolution is the result of successful translational research, which has connected clinical presentations of OAD and underlying disease mechanisms, thereby enabling the development of targeted treatments. The next challenge of translational research will be to position these novel treatments for OAD for optimal clinical use. At the same time, there is great potential in these treatments providing even better insights into disease mechanisms in OAD by studying the effects of blocking individual immunological pathways. To optimize this potential, there is a need to ensure that translational aspects are added to randomized clinical trials, as well as real-world studies, but also to use other trial designs such as platform studies, which allow for simultaneous assessment of different interventions. Furthermore, demonstrating clinical impact, that is research translation, is an increasingly important component of successful translational research. This review outlines concepts of translational research, exemplifying how translational research has moved management of obstructive airways diseases into the next century, with the introduction of targeted, individualized therapy. Furthermore, the review describes how these therapies may be used as research tools to further our understanding of disease mechanisms in OAD, through translational, mechanistic studies. We underline the current need for implementing basic immunological concepts into clinical care in order to optimize the use of novel targeted treatments and to further the clinical understanding of disease mechanisms. Finally, potential barriers to adoption of novel targeted therapies into routine practice and how these may be overcome are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sverrild
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K J Baines
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - A Searles
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S Maltby
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - P S Foster
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle/Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Brightling
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR BRU Respiratory Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P G Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Turturice BA, McGee HS, Oliver B, Baraket M, Nguyen BT, Ascoli C, Ranjan R, Rani A, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Atopic asthmatic immune phenotypes associated with airway microbiota and airway obstruction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184566. [PMID: 29053714 PMCID: PMC5650135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in asthma severity may be related to inflammation in the airways. The lower airway microbiota has been associated with clinical features such as airway obstruction, symptom control, and response to corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between local airway inflammation, severity of disease, and the lower airway microbiota in atopic asthmatics. METHODS A cohort of young adult, atopic asthmatics with intermittent or mild/moderate persistent symptoms (n = 13) were assessed via bronchoscopy, lavage, and spirometry. These individuals were compared to age matched non-asthmatic controls (n = 6) and to themselves after six weeks of treatment with fluticasone propionate (FP). Inflammation of the airways was assessed via a cytokine and chemokine panel. Lower airway microbiota composition was determined by metagenomic shotgun sequencing. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of cytokines and chemokines prior to treatment with FP identified two asthmatic phenotypes (AP), termed AP1 and AP2, with distinct bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory profiles. AP2 was associated with more obstruction, compared to AP1. After treatment with FP reduced MIP-1β and TNF-α and increased IL-2 was observed. A module of highly correlated cytokines that include MIP-1β and TNF-α was identified that negatively correlated with pulmonary function. Independently, IL-2 was positively correlated with pulmonary function. The airway microbiome composition correlated with asthmatic phenotypes. AP2, prior to FP treatment, was enriched with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Unique associations between IL-2 or the cytokine module and the microbiota composition of the airways were observed in asthmatics subjects prior to treatment but not after or in controls. CONCLUSION The underlying inflammation in atopic asthma is related to the composition of microbiota and is associated with severity of airway obstruction. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids was associated with changes in the airway inflammatory response to microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Turturice
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Halvor S. McGee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian Oliver
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Baraket
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine and Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David L. Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated diseases: An update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:505-517. [PMID: 29045815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this series is to offer a survey of the latest literature for clinicians and scientists alike, providing a list of important recent advances relevant to the broad field of allergy and immunology. This particular assignment was to cover the topic of eosinophils. In an attempt to highlight major ideas, themes, trends, and advances relevant to basic and clinical aspects of eosinophil biology, a search of articles published since 2015 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and other high-impact journals was performed. Articles were then reviewed and organized, and then key findings were summarized. Given space limitations, many outstanding articles could not be included, but the hope is that what follows provides a succinct overview of recently published work that has significantly added to our knowledge of eosinophils and eosinophil-associated diseases.
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McBrien CN, Menzies-Gow A. The Biology of Eosinophils and Their Role in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:93. [PMID: 28713812 PMCID: PMC5491677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will describe the structure and function of the eosinophil. The roles of several relevant cell surface molecules and receptors will be discussed. We will also explore the systemic and local processes triggering eosinophil differentiation, maturation, and migration to the lungs in asthma, as well as the cytokine-mediated pathways that result in eosinophil activation and degranulation, i.e., the release of multiple pro-inflammatory substances from eosinophil-specific granules, including cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines growth factors, and enzymes. We will discuss the current understanding of the roles that eosinophils play in key asthma processes such as airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling, in addition to the evidence relating to eosinophil–pathogen interactions within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Menzies-Gow
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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73
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Chiu CY, Chan YL, Tsai YS, Chen SA, Wang CJ, Chen KF, Chung IF. Airway Microbial Diversity is Inversely Associated with Mite-Sensitized Rhinitis and Asthma in Early Childhood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1820. [PMID: 28500319 PMCID: PMC5431806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays an important role in regulating immune responses associated with atopic diseases. We sought to evaluate relationships among airway microbiota, serum IgE levels, allergic sensitization and their relevance to rhinitis and asthma. Microbial characterization was performed using Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 87 throat swabs collected from children with asthma (n = 32) and rhinitis (n = 23), and from healthy controls (n = 32). Data analysis was performed using QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) v1.8. Significantly higher abundance of Proteobacteria was found in children with rhinitis than in the healthy controls (20.1% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.009). Bacterial species richness (Chao1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) were significantly reduced in children with mite sensitization but not in those with food or IgE sensitization. Compared with healthy children without mite sensitization, the mite-sensitized children with rhinitis and asthma showed significantly lower Chao1 and Shannon indices. Moraxella and Leptotrichia species were significantly found in the interaction of mite sensitization with rhinitis and asthma respectively. Airway microbial diversity appears to be inversely associated with sensitization to house dust mites. A modulation between airway dysbiosis and responses to allergens may potentially cause susceptibility to rhinitis and asthma in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuen Tsai
- The Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-An Chen
- The Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Chung
- The Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,The Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Airway microbial dysbiosis in asthmatic patients: A target for prevention and treatment? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1071-1081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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